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Warning: Page using Template:Infobox oceholder The two parties controlled a Parliamentary majority and
with unknown parameter Monarch (this message is Obote became Prime Minister in 1962. He assumed
shown only in preview).
the post on 25 April 1962, appointed by Sir Walter
Coutts, then Governor-General of Uganda. The following year the position of Governor-General was replaced
Apollo Milton Obote (28 December 1925 10 October
[1]
2005 ) was a Ugandan political leader who led Uganda by a ceremonial presidency to be elected by the parliament. Mutesa, the Kabaka (King) of Buganda, became
to independence in 1962 from British colonial adminisPresident, with Obote as executive prime
tration. Following the nations independence, he served the ceremonial
[2]
minister.
as Prime Minister of Uganda from 1962 to 1966 and
President of Uganda from 1966 to 1971, then again from
1980 to 1985. He was overthrown by Idi Amin in 1971,
but regained power after Amins 1979 overthrow. His
second period of rule was marred by repression and the
deaths of many civilians as a result of a civil war known
as the Ugandan Bush War.
In January 1964, a mutiny occurred at the military barracks at Jinja, Ugandas second city and home to the 1st
Battalion of the Uganda Army. There were similar mutinies in two other eastern African states; all three countries requested the support of troops from the British military. Before they arrived, however, Obote sent his defence minister Felix Onama to negotiate with the mutineers. Onama was held hostage, and agreed to many demands, including signicant pay increases for the army,
1 Early life
and the rapid promotion of many ocers, including the
future president Idi Amin.[2] In 1965, Kenyans had been
Milton Obote was born at Akokoro village in Apac dis- barred from leadership positions within the government,
trict in northern Uganda. He was the son of a tribal and this was followed by the removal of Kenyans en masse
chief of the Lango ethnic group. He began his educa- from Uganda in 1969, under Obotes guidance.[5]
tion in 1940 at the Protestant Missionary School in Lira,
As prime minister, Obote was implicated in a gold
and later attended Gulu Junior Secondary School, Busoga
smuggling plot, together with Idi Amin, then deputy
College and eventually university at Makerere University.
commander of the Ugandan armed forces. When the
Having intended to study law, a subject not taught at the
Parliament demanded an investigation of Obote and the
university, Obote took a general arts course, including
ousting of Amin, he suspended the constitution and de[2]
English and geography. At Makerere, Obote honed his
clared himself President in March 1966, allocating to
natural oratorical skills; he may have been expelled for
himself almost unlimited power under state of emergency
participating in a student strike, or alternatively left after
rulings. Several members of his cabinet, who were leada place to study law abroad was not funded by the protecers of rival factions in the party, were arrested and de[3]
torate government. He worked in Buganda in southern
tained without charge. Obote responded with an armed
Uganda before moving to Kenya, where he worked as a
attack upon Mutesas palace, which ended with Mutesa
construction worker at an engineering rm.
eeing to exile. In 1967, Obotes power was cemented
While in Kenya, Obote became involved in the national when the parliament passed a new constitution that abolindependence movement. Upon returning to Uganda ished the federal structure of the independence constituin 1956, he joined the political party Uganda Na- tion and created an executive presidency.
tional Congress (UNC), and was elected to the colonial
Legislative Council in 1957.[4] In 1959, the UNC split
into two factions, with one faction under the leadership 3 Presidency
of Obote merging with Uganda Peoples Union to form
the Uganda Peoples Congress (UPC).
Prime Minister
4 DEATH IN EXILE
3.2
4 Death in exile
After his second removal from power, Obote ed to Tanzania and later to Zambia. For some years it was rumoured that he would return to Ugandan politics. In August 2005, however, he announced his intention to step
down as leader of the UPC.[13] In September 2005, it
was reported that Obote would return to Uganda before
the end of 2005.[14] On 10 October 2005, Obote died
of kidney failure in a hospital in Johannesburg, South
Africa.[15]
Second term
Milton Obote was given a state funeral, attended by president Museveni, in the Ugandan capital Kampala in October 2005, to the surprise and appreciation of many Ugandans, since he and Museveni were bitter rivals.[16] Other
groups, such as the Baganda survivors of the Luweero
On 27 July 1985, Obote was deposed again. As in Triangle massacres, were bitter that Obote was given a
1971, he was overthrown by his own army commanders state funeral.[17]
3
He was survived by his wife and ve children. On 28
November 2005, his wife Miria Obote was elected UPC
party president.[18]
[15] Former Ugandan leader Obote dies, BBC News, 10 October 2005.
Milton Obote was the third born of nine children, all [18] Walking in Obotes shadow, Monitor, 21 December
named Milton.[19] From a young age Milton the Third
2005 no longer available online
distinguished himself from his siblings by demonstrating
a great aptitude for raiding cattle, and drove a wedge be- [19] Milton Obote. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
tween him and his lesser skilled and jealous siblings that
remained until his death.
One of his sons, Jimmy Akena, is a member of parliament
for Lira Municipality.
References
[1] Birth and death date according to the headstone inscription on his grave.
[2] M. Louise Pirouet (2009). Obote, (Apolo) Milton
(19252005)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Oxford University Press. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
[3] I come from royal ancestry. The Monitor. 8 April 2005
[4] The Roots, Emergence, and Growth of the Uganda Peoples Congress, 16001985, Yoga Adhola, UPC Website.
[5] Phares Mukasa Mutibwa (1992). Uganda Since Independence: A Story of Unfullled Hopes. United Kingdom: C.
Hurst & Co. pp. 6570. ISBN 1-85065-066-7.
[6] George Ivan Smith, Ghosts of Kampala: The Rise and Fall
of Idi Amin (1980).
[7] G. S. K. Ibingira (1980), African Upheavals since Independence, Westview Press, ISBN 0-89158-585-0
[8] Ruddy Doom; Koen Vlassenroot (1999). Konys Message: A New Koine?". African Aairs 98 (390): 9.
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008002.
[9] Henry Wasswa (10 October 2005), Ugandas rst prime
minister, and two-time president, dead at 80, Associated
Press
[10] Bercovitch, Jacob and Jackson, Richard (1997), International Conict: A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conicts
and Their Management 19451995. Congressional Quarterly. ISBN 156802195X.
[11] Uganda. CIA Factbook.
[12] Notes On Concealment Of Genocide In Uganda, Black
Star News, 11 December 2008.
[13] Ugandas exiled ex-president Obote to retire from partys
presidency, Xinhua, 28 August 2005.
[14] Ugandas exiled ex-president to return home before end
of 2005, Peoples Daily Online, 2 September 2005
7 Further reading
7 FURTHER READING
Mujaju, A. B. The Gold Allegations in Uganda,
African Aairs, Volume 87, October 1987.
Nyeko, Balam (1996). Uganda. ABC-Clio Inc.
ISBN 978-1-85109-243-7.
Obote, A. M. Myths and Realities A Letter to a
London Friend, Kampala (Uganda): African Publishers Ltd. 16 November 1968.
Onyango Obbo, Charles. Root of Discontent: The
Untold Story Of The Failed 1969 Obote Assassination (Part 1)"; The Monitor, 9 October 2001, Kampala.
Sathyamurthy, T. V. The Political Development
of Uganda: 19001986, Aldershot, Hants, England/Brookeld, Vt, USA: Gower, c. 1986. ISBN
0566052474
Smith, Ivan. Ghosts of Kampala, New York: St.
Martins Press, 1980.
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