Overview,

Protocols, OSI
Model, TCP/IP
basics
Data Network Fundamentals

Objectives
Describe how networks impact our daily lives.
Describe the role of data networking in the human
network.
Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by
converged networks.
Describe the characteristics of network architectures:
fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service and
security.
Describe OSI Model and TCP/IP architecture

How Networks Impact Daily Life

How Networks Impact Daily Life

IM, Wikis , Blogs, Podcasting, and Collaboration
Tools
Instant messaging
Real time communication
between 2 or more
people based on typed text
Weblogs (Blogs)
Web pages created
by an individual
Podcasting
Website that contains
audio files available
for downloading
4

How Networks Impact Daily Life

Converged network
A type of network that can carry voice, video & data over the same
network

Network Architecture Characteristics

Characteristics that are addressed by network
architecture design
Fault tolerance
Scalability
Quality of service
Security

Network Architecture Characteristics

Packet switching helps improve the resiliency and fault tolerance
of the Internet architecture

Network Architecture Characteristics

Characteristics of the Internet that help it scale to
meet user demand
Hierarchical
Common standards
Common protocols

Network Architecture Characteristics

Quality of Service and the mechanisms necessary to
ensure it

10

Network Architecture Characteristics

11

Network Architecture Characteristics

QoS strategy for a given type of traffic

12

Network Architecture Characteristics

Why networks must be secure ??

13

Network Architecture Characteristics

Describe basic measures to secure data networks
Ensure confidentiality through use of
User authentication
Data encryption
Maintain communication integrity through use of
Digital signatures
Ensure availability through use of
Firewalls
Redundant network
architecture
Hardware without a single
point of failure
14

Network Structure
Network:
data or information networks capable of carrying many
different types of communications

15

Data Networking Role, Components, and

Challenges

16

Network Structure
End Devices and their Role in the Network
End devices form interface with human network & communications
network

17

Network Types

18

Network Types: Internet

19

Function of Protocol in Network Communication

20

Layers with TCP/IP and OSI Model

A protocol model
provides a model that
closely matches the
structure of a particular
protocol suite.
A reference model
provides a common
reference for
maintaining
consistency within all
types of network
protocols and services.

21

OSI Model

22

TCP/IP

23

Compare OSI and TCP/IP model

24

The Communication Process

25

PDU and encapsulation

26

Process of sending and receiving messages

27

Addressing and Naming Schemes

28

Application Layer

29

Applications The Interface Between

Human and Data Networks

30

Applications The Interface Between Human

and Data Networks

31

Client and server processes in data networks

32

Server Farm

33

DNS Services

34

OSI Transport
Layer

35

Transport Layer Role and Services

36

Major functions of the transport layer and

the role it plays in data networks

37

Supporting Reliable Communication

38

Identify the basic characteristics of the UDP and TCP

protocols

39

Port number and their role in the TCP and UDP

protocols.

40

Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms

41

Segmentation and reassembly.

reassembly.

42

Managing TCP Sessions

43

TCP protocol and acknowledgement numbers

44

Window size, data loss and congestion during

a session

45

Port numbers establishing TCP sessions

46

UDP Protocol

47

UDP Protocol

48

OSI Network
Layer

49

Network Layer Protocols and Internet Protocol (IP)

50

Basic characteristics and the role of the IPv4

51

IP protocol as it is connectionless

52

IP protocol as it is considered an unreliable protocol

53

IP as it is media independent

54

Encapsulation in IP packets

55

Header fields in the IPv4 protocol

56

Communication problems that emerge when very large

numbers of devices are included in one large network

57

IP Address

58

Fundamentals of Routes, Next Hop Addresses and

Packet Forwarding

59

Routed process

60

Classify and Define IPv4 Addresses

61

Define public address and private address

62

Purpose of several special addresses

63

Assigning Addresses

64

How devices can obtain addresses?

65

Grouping Devices into Networks and Hierarchical

Addressing

66

Calculating Addresses

67

Calculating Addresses

68