DOCUMENT RESUME _ ED 402 767 FL 024 324 AUTHOR Bobov, Valery A.; And Others TITLE Russian Language Course for Peace Corps Trainees in Russia. INSTITUTION Peace Corps, Saratov (Russia). PUB DATE 94 NOTE 609p. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Instructional Materials (For Learner) (051) LANGUAGE English; Russian EDRS PRICE MFO3/PC25 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Acculturation; Classroom Communication; Community Services; Competency Based Education; Conversational Language Courser; “Daily Living Skills; Dialogs (Language); Family (Sociological Unit); Food; Foreign Countries; Grammar; Health; *Interpersonal Communication; Language Patterns; Monetary Systems; ‘Russian; Second Language Instruction; *Second Language Learning; Social Behavior; Teleconmunications; Transportation; Vocabulary Development; Voluntary Agencies; *Volunteer Training IDENTIFIERS Peace Corps; *Russias Shopping ABSTRACT This guide is designed for Russian language training of Peace Corps workers in Russia, and reflects daily communication needs in that context. It consists of seven instructional units. An introductory section gives an overview of the Russian language, Cyrillic alphabet, phonology, and morphology. The first instructional unit is intended as 2 l-week introductory course, presented as a game with mnemonic aids, many inmediately useful phrases and expressions, and pronunciation aids. This unit is followed by a separate module on reading and speaking Russian. The remaining units each contain several lessons targeting specific language competencies. Lessons consist of a list of competencies and structures to be addressed, text and dialogues, exercises, and notes and exercises for each structure. Lesson topics include: greetings and introductions, formal and informal; clothing; hotels; telephone usage; food; social behavior; currency; giving and getting directions; clothing; colors; shopping; family; professions; discussing likes, dislikes, and activities; making appointments; understanding street talk; sightseeing; health and medical problems; social behavior with @ host; travel; cooking; discussing and signing a contrac! emergencies; and household items. Text is almost entirely in Russian. Appended materials include an answer key, grammar notes, and grammar charts. (HSE) Ie ESRI EIA i OR RRR ER SR TI IIE SO RII IIS * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made = * a from the original document. * IEE EIU ISO II I I I DISSIDIA IRDA BIO IS aiRussian Language Course ED 402 767 for Peace Corps ‘Trainees 2 in Russia Saratov > a 1994 oO aes 8 BEST COPY AVAILABLE ~—)Designed and compiled by Valery A.Bobov Olga N.Tikhonova Marina M.Zinina Trina V.Privalova Supervision by Tatiana Ryvkina =Preface Brief Introduction to the Russian Language Introductory Course Unit 1 Main Course Unit 2.1 Competencies: Unit 2.2 Competencies: Unit 23 Competency: Unit 2.4 Competencies: Unit 3.1 Competencies: Unit 3.2 Competencies: Show appropriate documents. Introduce oneself. Introduce others. Name clothing iten.s. Check into a hotel . Use the telephone: local calls. Identify various food items. Express gratitude. Identify local currency by name and value. Compare local currency to US money. Describe food needs. Locate places to buy food. Select food (price, container, size, quantity). Give and follow directions. Select a clothing item. Identify colors. 11 119 139 154 166Unit 3.3 Competencies: Unit 3.4 Competency: Unit 4.1 Competency: Unit 4.2 Competencies: Unit 4.3 Unit 44 Competency: Unit 5.1 Competencies: Unit 5.2 Competencies: Unit 6.1 Competency: Introducing others. Name family members. Talk about own family. Name professions. Talk about likes / dislikes and hobbies. Make an appointment. Understand street talk. Sightseeing Review. Explain medical problem. Express food preferences. Act appropriately as guest in family. Respond to invitation to try food. Request food items at table. Accept/ refuse additional food. Complement host / hostess. Geet info at train / bus station and airport. Buy a train / plane ticket. Read a train / plane ticket. Read a schedule. Follow directions (related to cooking). 183 221 270 314 327Unit 6.2 Competencies: Discuss a contract. Signa contract. Unit 6.3 Competencies: Order food at restaurant. Propose a toast. Unit 7.1 Competency: Ask for help in case of emergency. Unit 7.2 Competencies: Identify household items. Select and pay for household items. Unit 7.3 "Tpomait" - oro rpyctuoe e080. List of Structures Grammar Notes Grammar Charts 6 336 355 314 g 8 gPREFACE This book is intended to be used in the Russian language short-term training program. It is designed and writen by a group of highly experienced instructors, who took part in teaching the Russian language to Peace Corps Volunteers two years ago. The competency-based education approach and principles of Accelerated Learning form the basis of the curriculum, A competency-based approach to language training focuses on the specific tasks that learners will need to accomplish through language. This approach focuses not only on language, but also on the cultural context. ‘The competencies included in this book are those which PCVs will need ‘most during their initial months in Russia. The learning system called Accelerated Learning is a fusion of a number of teaching techniques and psychological principles that provide a wonderful opportunity to make language learning enjoyable and satisfying. It is currently used in hundreds of classrooms across Eastern Turope, the United States, and Western Europe. The material of the book is flexible to meet the goals and expectation of students, the instructor's preferences and the level of a group. We are sure, which the help of trained Peace Corps language instructors, this book will provide the basis for interesting, relevant language instruction which will enable new Peace Corps Volunteers to function effectively in the new surroundings 7A Brief Introduction to the Russian Language The Russian language belongs to the Slavic group of the Indo- European language family and is considered one of the most important world languages. Russian was the official state language of the Soviet Union. After the disintegration of the USSR, Russian remains the state language of Russia. It is the native language of about 200 million people. Russian belongs to the inflectional languages (i.e., languages in which words have endings). A Russian word can have many different forms, and therefore not every word encountered in a text can be found in dictionaries. Russian words that have endings are entered in dictionaries in a definite form, The definite form for nouns is the nominative case singular, for adjectives it is the nominative case singular masculine, and for verbs - the infinitive. Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions are invariable. Among the characteristic features of the Russian language there are: - genders of the nouns and adjectives; = declension of the nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and numerals; = conjugation of the verbs; = aspects of the verbs; = absence of articles; = shift of the stress. The Russian alphabet comprises 33 letters: ABB QELERSHAKIMHOUPCTYDXH IM MBHEIIOAVowels There are 10 vowels in the Russian alphabet: Leiter Name of Letter Approximate English Sound Equivalent Aa a bar Ee e yet Be é yolk wu 4 bee Oo ° sport yy y spoon Bier u syllable » 2 ise 100 0 union aa a yard "0", "a" indicate the combinations of sounds [#9], [Ho], [Ay], [fa], respectively, in three positions: = at the beginning of a word (“eers" ‘to eat’; “tomop" ‘humor') - after a vowel (“cows” ‘union’; - after "b" and "b" ("naarse”; "orses"). After soft consonants /see page 7/ the letters “e", "é", "10", “a” designate one sound: [5], [0], [y], [a], respectively ("nec" ‘forest’; "Msaco"). Most of the Russian vowels are pronounced distinctly only when stressed. They are reduced in unstressed syllables. The most important reduction is that of the vowels “o, "e", "a", In the unstressed syllables they are pronounced [a], (u), [«], respectively Cora” [ana] ‘she’; "erpo" [mrp] ‘subway’; "mactax” [peuscerH] “butcher'). “24 3 Consonants There are 21 consonants in the Russian alphabet: Letter Name of Letter Approximate English Sound Equivalent 5 % bad Be a vast tr nm go Bx PR date Kx 9 meagure 3s = zebra ' Ha # xpaTKoe pay Kx Ka kind aan 2s sell Mu om must He on nest Tn 9 park Pp Pp crop Ce Pa spot Tr p tank Ob ap face Xx xa hen Thy Lad cats us 2 chest Thu wa shore Tuy ma fresh_ cheese There are two letters in the alphabet "b" (hard sign) and "b” (soft sign) that do not indicate any sound. They show how to pronounce the preceding or the following letters: Thus, "b" between two consonants or at the end of a word shows that the preceding consona..: is soft. Both signs before a vowel show that this vowel is pronounced as at the beginning of a word ("Aenb” ‘day’; “nonscxnit” ‘Polish’; "narse” ‘dress’; “orsesa” ‘departur~'),One of the features of the Russian phonetic system is the presence of hard and soft consonants. Fifteen hard consonants have their soft counterparts: hard GaraskamMunperx soft Calriaistktat a an pdt gist The consonants "x«", "ui", "u" are always hard. On the contrary, “uy”, "A" are always soft, As in English, there are voiced and voiceless consonants in Russian, Some consonants are paired as voiced - voiceless: Gen, B= th, F-K, At, wt 3-6. Consonants "a", "n","m", "x", “p" are voiced, whereas "x", "uy" are voiceless. At the end of a word a voiced consonant is pronounced as its voiceless counterpart ( “ras” [rac] "gaz' ). A voiced consonant becomes voiceless if it is followed by a voiceless consonant and vice versa ("sanrpa” [2acprpal ‘tomorow’; "soxsan" [sarsan) ‘station'). Stress In Russian, the stress can fall on any syllable in a word. One word has only one stressed syllable which is longer than the others. Usually, the stress is indicated in dictionaries. About 96% of the Russian words have fixed siress, But in some instances two different words or two different grammatical forms of one word are distinguished only by the place of the stress: Myke - ‘torment’ myxa =~ ‘flour’ erpaust - the genitive case singular of "erpaua” ‘country’; erpanst - the nominative plural of the same word. ~5- it 4 j i . alWORDS Nouns Gender is one of the characteristic features of the Russian noun, Every noun belongs to one of three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine or neuter, The gender of the nouns denoting living beings conveys their sex. The gender of inaaixzate nouns can be determined by their endings in the nominative singular: - nouns ending in "2" or "a" are feminine ("“xuura” ‘book’; “apmua” ‘army’; "sewaa" ‘carth’,"land’), - nouns ending in “o", "e" or "é" are neuter (“nuesmo” ‘letter’; “pyateé" ‘gun’; "Mope" ‘sea’). - nouns ending in a consonant are masculine ("eron” ‘table’; “mysei" ‘museum'). - wouns having the soft sign at the end can be either masculine or feminine ("ges" ‘day’ - masculine; "Hows" ‘night’ ~ feminine). All the nouns with very few exceptions have two numbers - singular and plural. Nouns denoting objects which cannot be counted do not have plural ("womoxo” ‘milk’; “sonovo” ‘gold’; "nponaranya” ‘propaganda’). Some nouns have the plural form only ("6pioxu” ‘pants’; “HoaHuugsr” ‘scissors’; "4acea” ‘watch’, ‘clock’; “qemurn" ‘money'). There are 6 cases in Russian: nomin.tive, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and prepositional. The basic meanings of the cases are as follows: + The nominative case denotes the subject of the sentence and represents the form in which nouns are entered in dictionaries ( "Manbuux sutaer." ‘The boy is reading. ). - The genitive case denotes possession ( "“qoM manbauxa' boy's house! ). + The dative case denotes the person for whom the action is performed ( “a ronopio mansunny" ‘I say to the boy' ). ‘the t2a 7 - The accusative case denotes the object to which the action passes ("On sHtaet rasery. Manbanxa.” 'I saw the boy.’ ), = The instrumental case denotes the instrument of action ( "Ox ect nomxoli.” ‘He eats with a spoon.’ ), - The prepositional case is also called the locative case because one of its main functions is to denote location ( "s Mocxse " ‘in Moscow’; "wa crore" ‘on the table’ ). Nouns in the nominative case cannot be used with a preposition. With nouns in the ‘prepositional case a preposition is indispensable. In the four remaining cases nouns can be with or without prepositions, Persenal pronouns There are pronouns of the first, second and third persons, singular and plural: Singular Plural aA I Ma OWE ™ you sa you ou he ona she coum they ono it There are two pronouns in Russian corresponding to the English pronoun ‘you’. "Tst" is informal singular only; “aut is used for polite singular and both informal and polite plural. All personal pronouns are declined. Adjectives Russian adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they qualify. The gender endings of adjectives in the nominative case are as follows: masculine feminine neuter plural (for all genders) -bih, “Hit, oft -aa-an-0e,-ce He, “Bie. -1-Verbs There are three tenses in Russian: the present, the past, and the future. It means that one Russian tense corresponds to several English tenses, for example: "# paGoraw" (the present tense) can be translated into English as ‘I am working’, ‘I work’ or ‘I have been working’, depending on the context, In the present and future tenses verbs are conjugated (ie, they change for person and number). A different ending corresponds to each person. There are two types of personal verb endings, in accordance with which verbs belong to the Ist or to the 2nd conjugation. In the past tense, Russian verbs do not change for person, but they do change for number and gender. The most striking peculiarity of the Russian verb is the fact that it has aspects. Every verb belong either to the perfective or the imperfective aspect. The perfective verbs usually denote either a complete action (an action which was completed or will be completed, which has had or will have a result), or an action which took place only once, or else the beginning of an action, The imperfective verbs (more frequent in the Russian language than the perfective ones) basically denote either a process, a state, an action without any indication of its completion or result, or a repeated action. The imperfective verbs have all three tenses, whereas the perfective ones can be used only in the past and the future. Here is an example of two Russian verbs which have the same meaning ‘to read’ but belong to different aspects:On wuran Knusy. "He was reading a book.’ - imperfective, process On npouuran xnuzy. "He has read a book’ - perfective, result Word order The order of words in Russian is not so strict as English. The subject of a sentence may be at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence, Inversion of word order is not required to form a question as in English. Question words begin a question. A general interrogative sentence differs from its affirmative. counterpart by intonation only: On npouurax rey. "He read a book.’ (On npouutan Knuzy? ‘Did he read a book?’ io 4 aiPLEASE READ THIS FIRST! The suggested Russian language curriculum comprises 2 stages: a one-week Introductory Course and the Main Course. ‘The principal features of the Introductory Course are as follows: * A game scenario that places your learning of Russian in an interesting context * Mnemonic aids that facilitate your initial attempts to pronounce Russian words Mnemonic aids that enable you to access Russian expressions from memory + Poems and songs designed to make initial learning steps effective * Ditties that enable you to learn crucial phrases at surprising speed * Tied expressions: openers and rejoinders * Lots of useful words and phrases * Minidialogs Easy Steps to Reading Russian will enable you to pronounce Russian words with a clear accent. The innovative nature of this learning course will, we are sure, bring you some pleasant surprises. We trust you'll enjoy the relaxing musical accompaniment. You may wonder that some of the pronunciation that Russian sounds like English. We have found that by relating Russian sounds first to English - the unfamiliar to the familiar - one arrives quickly at a “ballpark” approximation to Russian pronunciation, and once in the “pallpark” can, by listening more closely and experimenting will slight adjustments of the tongue, arrive at "home base” - a native - like pronunciation. Good luck! 2Kemaem yenexa! 16 4Unit 1 Escape Through the Ukraine Its summer, 1943. You're a youny American war correspondent assigned to an air base in Turkey. ‘You're aboard a C-47 on a commando mission against oil fields in Rumania. The flight plan is to” take you over the Black Sea, across the Nazi-occupied Crimean Peninsula (the southem tp of the ‘Unzaine), then west over the Black Sea agzin to the drop zone. The plane has been struggling against fierce winds, but now, approschin; insula, it begins run more smoot. ‘Suddenly, though, you feel the plane shudder as if shaken by a giant hand. A moment lates the right agine quis andthe plane begins losing slinude, Then the left engine begins wm spew oi. The (tape on) g the as command is given to bail out. Except for the pilot, you are the last to jump. Its your first jump and you hesitate & few seconds as you gather courage to ep out avo the sess Vissem ‘You land unhur in shallow water just a hundred yards off shore, make your way to the beach and waltfor daybreak, You realize your delay in uiping saved your lie, Youre in uniform, but unarmed. You have C-rations ang the ‘your trade: a bantery-powered wire-recorder, a pencil and anotsbook. One thing you lack is any knowledge of Russian ~ except for the words for yes, no, and thanks: Da, Nyet, and "Spa-seabo." This last expression you acquired froma Russian joker who asked: "Ifa Russian gave you a spa by the sea tied with a bow, what should you say?” Fig pes, youemae war ha’ peat (ihe ood tn bo pono ery i.) In half an hour it's light and you see a middle-aged man walking on the beach toward you. Your adrenaline is pumping like mad, but you hide your nervousness, walk toward him and say “Hello.” He voices a greeting that sounds something like "Straws to witch yal” sessing only the first word. You echo back the greeting “Siraws 10 witch ya!” and the man miles, obviously noticing you're not a native speaker of Russian, ; Something tells you: if you're going to get throngh this German-held ares and make it back alive, you're going to have to learn to communicate in Russian This man is your first teacher. You know ou must eam uly ad old on what ou lea You vei way the wor ' raw to witch ya to the act of greeting (just as you tied spa-sea-bo tothe act 9g thanks), How wo make the te? Here's what you do: you voualize line "wiches" (eased in Falloween costumes) exchanging greetings by exchanging straws and saying “Siraws to witch ya!” You tell yourself: to greet people, I just imagine myself as a witch saying Saws twitch ya! (And you Temind yourself to sues cily the first word!) ‘The man detects your practicing the greeting and helpfully models it again. ‘This time your first im- pression of its sound is confirmed, but you pick up finer details of its pronunciation. The "sraws" part isn't “sraws” but "adraws” and the "to witch” part is more like “twitch”, but pronounced “pyitch” — with a v instead of a w. ‘You say it out loud: Zdeaws rvisch ya! and he nods approvingly. ‘The man senses your plight and motions for you to follow him, saying what sounds something like: “Push all siar!” You guess it might mean “please” but hesitate a moment, letting the sound sink in, In your mind you picture someone requesting the removal of an “all-sar” athlete. He says: “Push call star!” - “Please.” ‘Taking your hesitation o indicate non-understanding, the man motions again and repeats, rather more emphatically: "Push ll mar!" This ime you pic up more deals () There is no athe cad, 0 Push all star becomes Push all sta: (b) the sh of push becomes the softer sound zh of azure or Peugeot, making it puzh-all-sta; and (c) the final syllable is hit very lightly. -n- i? Unit 1As you follow the man up the beach, you review the 3 expressions to yourself: Zdpaws tvitch ya? (trom sau to witch ya), puzheall-sta (fom push all stax), and spa zea bo. Approaching a house, ‘you anticipate (1) greeting someone, then (2) thanking them when they invite you in. What expres- ions do you know for these two social functions? (Say them.) Then you anticipate signaling the older man to go ahead of you. What expression can you use for that’ (Say it.) AAs it happens, the man opens the door and says the “please” word in Russian (- ) then adds a second word that sounds something like hod eat ya, bidding you to enter. You decline to go fx. You use the same expresion; the “please” word ( ) followed by your imitation of hod eat ‘He smiles at your pronunciation and more insistently bids you to enter, This time you hear 2 muffled “if or an f-sound infront: f hod eat ya, puch alt sta. You express thanks (in Russian) and goin, ‘As you enter, a lady comes into the hall from another room. She greets you with the now familiar “straws” greeting (-) and you greet her in the same way ( - ). Then she says what sounds like Mfe Lusty Pro-seam. ‘Thinking at first that she was introducing herself as Lusty Pro-seam, you are about to say: Me John Doe, but instead you just nod silenity, not wanting to make a mistake. At that moment the man says heartily: Da, Me Lusty Prasseam, echoing in part the lady's words. From his gesture, it is now clear that fe Lusty Bra:seam is an expression of welcome, You respond with your Russian expression for thanks (- ). ‘Showing pleasure at your quickness in picking up Russian, the gentleman gives-you a thumbs-up and says what sounds to your ears something like Hurrah show! You translate it for now as, "good show!" and you think of complimenting someone in the same way. (- ) At this point, the man and woman start talking with each other, giving you a moment to take stock of what you've learned. ‘() You've learned you can make use of a powerful leaming suaiegy: USE WHAT IS FAMILIAR AS A BRIDGE TO WHAT IS UNFAMILIAR. For pronunciation you've done this by creating a “mnemonic ~- that is, coding unfamiliar Russian phrases first into more-or-less sound-alike English phrases, which you then alter as needed to zero in on the native pronunciation. Your first approximation to the sound "gets you into the ball park"; the progressive adjustments "get you closer and closer to home base"! (2) You've leamed that some of your mnemonic creations not only aid in recall of the Russian Pronunciation, but also provide a handle on the meaning, With spa-sta-bo, puzh-all-sta, and ‘iddcaus-tvitch-ya you created images that symbolized the meaning and tied it to the sound. With hurrah-show the striking correspondence of the English meaning with the Russian made imaging unnecessary. Only with mé-lusty proseam, ‘welcome!’, and with 'f-hod-eat-ya, ‘enter!', did you get no handle on the meaning, but if you took more time you could make one up. (3) You know you need to periodically review what you've learned. Even more important, you need to create social situations in your mind in which you role-play, using what you've learned. Best of all, of course, will be to actually use what you know in real-life situations. ‘Your host now invites you into the living room, gestures toward a chair and says: puzh-all-sta, Sod-gat-yes -- or something close to that. Your mind creates a sentence mnemonic: Sit down on the sod...eat, yes! You gesture to the same chair and echo back to him: sod-eat-yes, -2- iS Unit 1 3uzh-all sa. He says, somewhat insistently: Nyet. Vi, sod-eat-yes, puzh-all-sta. ‘ou say thanks (in Russian) and sit down, taking in mind that vi must mean you, ‘You say to the lady: puzh-gll-sta, Vi sod-eat-yes! And the same to the man. They each take 2 sent, He gives you a thumbs-up to compliment yout Rtsan and sty: Hurrah haw! ean ‘urrah-show! Your mind replays that last piece. It wasn't exactly Qeean hurrah-show, it was more like Q-chin Aurrah-shaw ~- meaning, no doubt, ‘very good show’. ‘Another moment of silence gives you time to rehearse the expressions you've learned. You say each Of them as rapidly as you can, [A pause on the tape after each English cue will give time for you to say the Russian equivalent.) Hello. Zdraws-tvitch-ya. Please. Puzh-all-sta. Thanks. Spa-sea-bo. Enter! ‘f hod-cat-ya! Welcome! Me Lusty Pro-seam! Sit down! Sod-gat-yes! Very. Q-chin, Good show! Hurrah-show! You, Vi. pe off) 5 ractice recalling them now in quick order. Go back over any that are slow coming to mind. Hello ——_ Welcome! ! Please 9 Sit down! 1 Thanks Very Enter! Good show! 1 You Now your humming mind tums to another way to rehearse these expressions: you imagine situations in which they might be used and you ike bow pas ofthe “minidama,” Here are some sop o gin with, (1) Approaching your home with a friend, you invite her to go in, She accepts and thanks you. Greate the script fortis scene. You invite her in: She politely accep! (2) You are in your home when a friend comes to visit. Create the script: You invite her to sit down: She thanks you (and takes a sea +4 Unit 1 i(3) You are at home when a former teacher of yours drops in. ‘You greet him: He greets you: You welcome him and invite him in See He thanks you: ‘You invite him to take a seat. He accepts graciously. ‘You silently compliment yourself on how you managed to communicate in Russian: (tape on) Before you have time to create r ve minidramas, the man and his wife go into another room, leav- ing you alone. A moment later t litle boys start to come in, but seeing you they hesitate. You invite them to enter by saying: __! One of the boys walks up to you and gives you a flower he just picked for his ma. =r. You take it and say: ‘You hand him a pencil and a noti_ ook, hoping he can spell the phrases you've learned. Here is wharhe wns br Rusia fom yr icon , Zdraws-tvitch-ya. 3apapetsyiite. Puzh-ali-sta. Tloxdayitcra. Spa-sea-bo. Crracii6o. “f hod-gat-ya! Bxonite! Me Lusty Pro-seam! Minocra mpécuml Sod-gat-yes! Camiirecs! Q-chin. Ouens Hurrah-show! Xopomid! Vi, Bu For now, you decide to use the mnemonic coding that bridges from the known to the unknown, but you recognize that after you geta bit farther into the language you will want to convert to the normal Spelling, orto a more accurate phonetic transcription. Also you decide you will review these expres sions until you are sure they are yours for keeps, and even more importantly, that you wili use them every time you get a chance. ‘Suddenly you recall that you have a wire-recorder and can have the boy record the phrases. But before you can get the recorder out, the man and woman re-enter the room. They have a worried look on their faces. You wonder what the problem is. Recording will have to wait for a time, End of Episode 1 ~14- Unity(tape on) Episode 2 ‘A day has passed.. The worried look on the faces of your hosts tumed out to reflect only their con-cem for your safety. They motioned you to follow and ushered you down to the basement into a secret room. It was made clear you would be there perhaps only a few days. They showed you a telephone and made you understand you have to dial the local operator to place a call, giving her the number you need in Russian. You're given to understand thatthe operator speaks only Russian. You don't know yet who you might call or what anyone nearby could do to belp, but you sense that your telephone will Serve as a key to getting back home, ‘Alone again, you make a curious discovery. You find a notebook. On the first page was penned this note. To Whom It May Concern: Our lives were saved by the good man and lady of this house allowing us 0 remain hidden here for a time, We occupied our time in learning Russian, gathering dasa carefully from their daughter Olya and putsling tt out to break the code. She's so bright, we might just as well have taught her English, but. we felt the urgency to learn Russian. The first thing she taught us was a Russian song. It was easy to learn and tts words became symbolic to us in our perilous situation in hiding here. Here is that song. Da tgigdd bildit sénco! May There Always be Sunshine! Ha seorad Ofaer conmne, da fgigdd Dugit sénco, May there always be sunshine, Ha eernd 6fner cémaue, de fqigde Dudit meds, May there always be eaves, Ta ncorad 6fner né6o, de fgigdé budit mmo, May there always be mama, a acorns 6fner uinea, de fgigdé Dudu Ja! May there always be me! Ba peorné fay ai ‘Note: here the tape presents mnemonic alds in eaming the words of this song. ‘After teaching us that song, she taught us several high-frequency expressions that we Set 10 familiar music to help us learn them fast. This different kind of memory aid may be a help to you as it was to us. For what it's worth, here are those Songs -- or rather dinies. Sing ‘along if you care 10. Tune: Are You Sleeping? débraje dtro, (--) Good morning, (-) Dé6poe Ftpo, (--) vy kuda? (--) Where are you going? (-) “st xym4? (--) Je spi8d ne zaftrak. (--) rm hurying to breakfast (~) A cnemy ma aéetpax, (--) tédy ja, (--). Me 100, (=). Téxe 8, (- débryj den, (--) Good day, (~). ‘D66puit ness, (--) keg dila? (--) How are things? (~) Kex mend? (--) 6Ein xara¥s, moj brat, (--) Very well, my brother, (-) Oweus xopomd, woll 6par, (--) nu paké, (~~). ‘Well, #0 long, (~), Hy moxé, (~~). débryj yetir, (--) Good evening, (--) D66puit aésep, (--). -15- aL Unit 1kag 2yy8? (--) How are you? (-) 881g ores, moj druk.(--) Very wall, my friend. (~) 1o8l 1081 1081 Liel Liet Let () Tune: Good Night Ladies fzytnitt, Please forgive me, texinitt, Please forgive me, tzginitt, Please forgive me, mye peré dams}. Ws time for me to go. (rales sing) Skin red vas yiqit 24 Very glad to see you bere, vigtt adeg, yidit gdeq, see you here, see you here, 6&ty rad vas Yidit y4eq, very glad 10 see you bere, 8 Hpéy mye par. but now ite ume to go. females sing) Ottg rade Yiqit vas, Very glad to see you, Yidit ves, yidit vas, see you here, see you here, Gkin rade yigit ves, very glad 10 see you, a Fey mye pord. but now i's time 10 go, do syidanijt, ‘Good bye (ladies), do syidaniji, ‘good bye {ladies), do syidanijt, good bye [ladies}, Zyloju ver usgexe. 1 wish you all success. (males sing) O€ty rad ves yiqit zdeg, Very glad to see you here, Vidit gdeq, Yidit y4eq, see you here, see you here, tin rod ves yidit gdeq, very glad 10 see you here, 4 Zyleju var Uspexe. and 1 wish you all success (females sing) 6¥ty rade yidit ves, Very glad 10 ee you. Widit ves, Yidit ves, see you here, see you here, Ott rede yigit vas, very glad to see you 1 2ylaju vam uspexe, and 1 wish you all success, Unit 1 Kax xupémns? (--) Oxems xopourd, molt npyr, (-- ‘Tloxs| Toms! Moxa (--) Haanuiire, nwpeuire, masumite, ‘Mae nopé nomi. Ovems pan aac miners azecs, aiinets anecs, aiinets azech, Suows pan sac miners ozecs, a tenéps une tops. Ovens pina siizets pac, minets'sac, siizeTs Bac, uous pha piizets vac, a ronéps ume nopé. ‘Do caunduns, no comniann, no conninue. ‘Kenbvo naw yenéa, wb pa pac niineTs 270c8, siiners anecs, viiaers auect sens pam aac siizers anecs, a xenio muy Ovens pina aiizors sac, aiineTs pac, siizeTs Bac, Ssous pana aiineTs pac, 4H xenite sau yeréze,Tune: Row, Row, Row your Boat da, da, da moj druk, — Yes, yes, yes, my friend, Ma, 2a, na molt apyr, vmésti pajqém. Let's go together. ausere noltatu yégite, yégite, Mertily, merrily, Bécono, aéceno, yeaile, yagite, merrily, merrily, aéceno, nécono, Zyzn s korejém. Wife with a king. ‘Xuan ¢ xaponiy. Tune: Auld Lang Syne (Should auld acquaintance be forgot?) priyét, drugjél Oh greetings friendst Tpunér, apyavdi prigét, drugjat Oh greetings friendst Tipaaér, apysst prijatne yigit vast Nice 10 wee you! Rpadruo sézers sacl prigét, drugjé! Ob greetings friends! Tipusér, apyasdi privet, drugjét Ob greetings friends Mpusér, apyasdi prijStne yigit vas! Nice 10 ate yout Tpudtmo aéizets mact poké, drugjal So long, good friends! Tioxé, mpyasi poké, druzjat So long, good friends! Tod, mpyasa! pard tdzf dams). es time 0 go home now. Tlopé até noustt da skérave syidént{1, Unit we meet aguin To exéporo comméan poké, drugja pakél $0 long, good friends, s0 tong! Tioxé apyas4, noxét Because the telephone offered the possibility of communication with the world beyond our room, and because we understood from the start shat dialing the operator required (minimally) a command of Russian numbers, we saw as our most urgent task that of learning how to count. With the help of Olya we found a way to learn the entire numeric system in @ short time. Perhaps the reader(s) of this notebook will be in the same circumstances we were when we came. If so, we hope our experience will be a help to you. On the following pages (and accompanying recordings) you'll find instructions to get you started, beginning with numbers. We wish you the best. Robert and Julia B. -17- a3 Unit 1(tape _ off) PS. There are innumerable expressions you'll need to learn, and there's 100 little time x tearn them. For sure, your first hundred expressions will be the hardest to hold on 10. Here are seven common expressions toward your first hundred, Our guess is that you can learn them all in less than four minutes. Try it! Put the first three in mind, then close your eyes and test your recall, Add the next two, then cover the Russian and see if you can recall all five. Then add the last two and see if you can recall all seven. Time Yourself. If you succeed in learning them all in “par-time” (four minutes or less), reward yourself generously. Stupidity GLUE posts Tm stupid! _ yaGLOOP! 1 forgot ya's a BULL 1 agree yoss o' GLOSSen At last! knock on YETS Fine! pray CROSS + nuh Tha's why! pa ET a moo ‘The same in Russian spelling (for future reference) raymocts arnym 4 COTTACEH A SABIUT HAKOHELL TIPEKPACHO no STOMY Looking back, We suggest that after each learning activity you look back at the previous two or three learning activities and see how well you recall what you have learned. In this way you will be able to gauge your progress and see what you need to review. The principle ts: take in a little, practice recalling it, test yourself on it; then take in a little more, practice recalling it, test yourself on it aad_an the previous piece, etc. With each learning activity you are adding something new to your Russian “portfolio” ~ increasing your repertoire of communication acts you can perform. And by periodically rehearsing your repertoire, testing your memory while aiming for increased fluency and feeling, you are practicing in the way an athlete or a concert artist does. In time your entire repertoire will become second nature to you. Unit1(tape off) Mnemonic Scaffolding Skill in creating and using mnemonic associations can tum difficult leaming tasks into easy ones; it can tum uphill into downhill, it can enable an ordinary learner to become an extraordinary learner, yeressing ata greatly accelerated rate, You'l find that you can easily memorize a dozen or more. foreign expressions in a few minutes and retain them in memory so that you can recognize any of them on bearing, and pronounce any of them clearly. ‘What Mnemonic Scaffolding Doss. In the next few minutes you can expect to soquire several Russian words, first without even hearing a mode pronunciation, (After you lear these words, youl hear them on the tape and can refine your ation. Youll be surprised how close your frst approximation isto the native model.) Your Sbjective right now is to two-fold: (1) set these words in memory, and (2) guin experience in tapping the power of, and trusting, mnemonic scaffolding. Suppose that an instructional program sims to teach the following English-Russian equivalents. EN MAMA = MAMA. ‘What is there to learn here? Hardly more than that the meanings papa’ and "mama' are realized in both languages by roughly the same sound. ‘Suppose that the program aims also to teach the following English-Russian equivalents. Engl Bus CHAIR STUL TABLE = STOL ‘Most leamers will be aided by immediately connecting or associating Russian STUL with English STOOL -- one kind of chair. Such an association makes STUL as readily leamable as PAPA and Seee ne camodiately graps te conecton and ts himself rheslf ‘Use STOOL as the generic word for CHAIR...or, better, looks at a chair and a stool and says to himself or herself: STOOL, I'll call both of these things “STOOL.” But TABLE - STOL poses a different problem. Seeing no immediate connection, inexperienced earners often fall back on a much less powerful strategy: They look ata table and say: STOL, Til call that STOL, and they try to hammer the arbitrary connection into their heads by concentrated, massive repetition. Of course it works, but itis costly in time and effort. A much more efficient way, i rums ult is to create a connection, bridging over from the familiar to the unfamiliar. For example, ‘visualizing a MINK STOLE clashing in some dramatic, animated way with a TABLE — perhaps being chewed up by an angry table. A dynamic image of such interaction of the STOLE with the TABLE can teasily be stored in memory. The visual image you construct (a table chewing up a stole) contains both the meaning and the new sound. So long as you can retrieve the image and remember the mnemonic association, you can bring the Russian word to mind. By purting it into practical use in real-intent Communication, you can maintain the word and will not need to resort to the initial memory aid. -19- Unit 1Just as the scaffolding is removed aftr serving its enabling Purpose inthe constusion of a building so mnemonic “scaffolding” is laid aside after serving its enabling purpose in the construction of ‘memory store, ‘You might think that mnemonic scaffolding will help only in learning nouns and verbs. This is not t ‘case. You already know the Russian for YES (DA) and NO (NYET), You ly picked these up with litde effort, perh in part by associating DA with baby-alc and Nv the English word the high NOT. We seem to get ‘ew to the old in whatever way. Even if the tie is a tenuc one, it economizes on cost of learning toually unconnected matet.al. Suppose the instructional program aims to teach the English-Russian equivalents ofthe words (gaye), WHEN (kogda) and HOW (kak). The sound and meaning of these words can be «easily set in memory in the following way. Put it to the test. Lear these three key words now. WHERE A first approximation to GDsE is GOODYEAR. Imagine a cartoca with an Englishman whose car ha Aare aking a Rastan jee << : Englishman: WHERE IS GOODYEAR? Russian: Dor's right, in Russian, WHERE iss GOODYEAR. 4 neaied adjustment in pronunciation is accomplished by saying GOODYEAR as good-YEH, and then dropping the double-O: g:d-YEH. GOODYEAR-—>gid YEH. WHEN English COG (TOOTH on a CLOCKwheel) + DA (dialect for there’) comes near to the pronunciatio of KOGDA. Imagine a cartoon: Anxious coach: WHEN will it be over? Clock keeper: WHEN the COG is DA, that’s cogDAl! sosDs ‘Now without looking. vecall the Russian for WHERE and WHEN, How Our word COCK gives the pronunciation. To tie sound to meaning, imagine a male chicken (a COCK who didn’t hear what another cock said. To express the meaning HOW'S THAT? he says “COCK?” (literally How?) Now without looking, recall the Russian for WHERE, WHEN and HOW. Determine that you are going to REMEMBER these three words. Say them again, this time imagining yourself in situation where you need to get answers to these questions. -20- Unit 1 26(tape off) Learning Numbers Let's look at how simple and effective the technique is with numbers. Take first the concept 1000. In Russian it sounds something like KISS AT YA: If you have & THOUSAND of something, it will "KISS AT YA.” Say KISS AT YA. Now change it to TISS AT YA. When you have a THOUSAND i something it will "TISS" AT YA, Tatis qui close 0 the the Russian word meaning THOU- SAND. Make a permanent tie between the sound TISS AT YA and the concept THOUSAND. Do this now, deliberately. ‘Next the concept HUNDRED, which, spelled phonetically, is STO. It is not pronounced like STOW, but rather more like STORE (with an rless accent) Linking HUNDRED to the word STORE can help ‘you get hold of both the sound and the meaning. Perceiving that what sounds like STORE (in r-less. ‘accent) means HUNDRED, try this: visualize a neon sign flashing "STORE - 100.” And think to yourself: “In this STORE you can buy a HUNDRED things.” Having created this connection, when {you hear what sounds like STORE (in -less accent) you'll associate it with the concept HUNDRED, ‘or when you want to say 100 you can recall it by association with STORE. Agnin, dont wory thatthe way you say the English word may not be preciely the way a Rustin pronounces the number. You can trust that your pronunciation will be not only understandable but a ‘Good first approximation -- to be refined of course as you hear the native model and zero in on it ~ ‘going from ball park” to "home base.” ‘And don't worry that you have at first used English to link the sound to the meaning, See the ‘mnemonic as onty the first cord that bridges the gap and guides the larger cable into place. This first ‘cord is enough to secure the bond of meaning and ‘which then will be further secured as you Use the new words meaningfully in real communicative exchanges. Now ake a moment to recall the words for 1000 and 100. And the words for ‘where,’ how,’ and ‘when! ‘The word root for TEN sounds like YES with an intial D: DYES. (The Spanish word for 10, diez, has the same sound as the Russian word mot DyES!) DyES is related to DECliter and DECimal. To the root yES is added an ending tha sounds something Uke YACHTS witha reduced vowel DyES- yachts. Think of 10 yachts and pronounce it DyES-yachts, That's pretty close. ‘The word for ZERO corresponds to our word NULL but has the vowel sound of KNOLL. Now recall the words for 1000, 100, 10 and 0. Also for ‘where,’ ‘how,’ and ‘when.’ Before taking on more numbers, we'll take a few minutes to construct a leaming framework and let you exercise your powers of imaging. Your task will be to create vivid, cartoon-like images in your ‘mind, each one connected with an English number. Later, as you are given the Russian numbers, your ‘mind can attach each of the images to the corresponding number image. But before going on, see once more how well you recall how to say when? where? how? hundred, ten, thousand, zero. ‘Now to the task of constructing a learning framework. You may recall a rhyme-scheme you learned as a child: One is a bun, two is a shoe, three is a tee, four is a door, etc. We'll make use of this in Jeaming Russian numbers, Your first task is to create a vivid image for each abject. Let's do it, =o 27 Unit 1ONE is a BUN: in your mind create a vivid image of a hamburger bun, perhaps with its top and bottom “jaws” chomping away. TWO is a SHOE: imagine a shoe ... being divided in two by a knife. THREE is a TREE: imagine a thick tree with a large 3 carved into its trunk. FOUR is a DOOR: picture a door. Animate it with arms and legs. FIVE isa HIVE: _ picture a beehive with bees swarming noisily around it. SIX is STICKS: picture a couple of sticks about the size of baseball bats. SEVEN is HEAVEN: picture heaven in some striking form: clouds, angels, et EIGHT is a GATE: imagine a gate with the word VO written on it. NINE is WINE: picture a bottle of wine, perhaps spilling over. Euan: Read ie following u your ovn 5 ‘With each word, close your eyes and view your HIVE-BUN-STICKS-DOOR-WINE-HEAVEN-SHOE-GATE-TREE_ Exercise: Now do the same in reverse. Name the corresponding picture. Cts oe ‘With those nine sharp images instantly retrievable from memory and each tied to its rhyme-number, you have the means to learn numbers very rapidly -- and, more importantly, hold on to them for lay reve Preliminary leaming of numbers 1-9, ONE = BUN. To your mental picture of a BUN add an ODD DEAN -- make the ODD DEAN st ‘out of the bun, or make the bun about to munch the ODD DEAN. Russian ONE sounds lik ODD DEAN, Stop for @ moment and organize this in permanent memory. TWO = SHOE. You have a mental image of a SHOE being di like the first pant of DIVIDE: DVA. Stop for a moment and recall how to say: 1 1000 10 100 0, 1d in two. Russian TWO sou jert this in memory! Now THREE = TREE. Your picture of a TREE with the number THREE carved in it is a perfect ‘means for recalling the Russian word for three: It sounds like TREE (with tilled 1). St @ moment and etch this in memory. = FOUR = DOOR. Visualize your DOOR crying. lis CHecks are TEARY, FOUR sounds like TEA with CH- in front: CH-TEARY! Eich this in memory now! Now recall how to say! 2 100 0 10 10 4 FIVE = HIVE, Visualize a YACHT with @ bent-over mast forming the letter “P*. I's 4"P YACHT.” Now visualize the P-YACHT plowing through a HIVE, disturbing the bees. FIV sounds like P-YACHT. The T at the end has ay sound mixed in. Review mumbers 1-5 an then go on, SIX = STICKS. Picture a scarecrow’s CHEST with two batvlike STICKS coming out of it, SI: sounds like CHEST but with SH instead of CH. The final T has a y sound mixed in, Recall the numbers you have learned, including zero. -2- 28 Unit 1SEVEN = HEAVEN. Think of going to HEAVEN to SEE [Auntie] EM: "See EM" (EM) is Russian for SEVEN. You can tell that SyEM is just a elurred pronunciation « sur SEVEN. Ik picked up a “y-glide” after the S, s0 now it's pronounced SyEM ("See EM"). Quickly @? How? M? why? R2 Reason)? When T? How much? $7 {tape on) 10 100 110 1100 1110 1010 9 109 8 1008 108 7 107 1007 1107 6 106 1106 S$ 105 1105 1005 (tape off) Now leam the words for $00, 600, 700, 800 and 900. STO is 100. A plural form of STO is SOT, switching the T and the O around. Say SOT. (hs on) Now listen. mars (5): nateér (500); mecrs (6) : wrecreér (600); cems (7): cemcdT (700); nécems (8) : Bocemedt (800); aéaaTs (9): nesatedt (900) Here now are more numbers you can recognize on hearing. 500 510 600 610 710 810 910 509 508 507 506 505 504 610 609 608 607 606 704 709 708 706 809 808 807 904 907 110 Sclfztest See ifyou can give the above numbers on your own. Write down several other numbers and say them. (ape off) Numbers are of critical importance. To really gain fluency with them you need to practice them each day on your own. Say them several times a day as you walk or exercise. Write several series of 10-15 random numbers and time yourself “reading” them out loud, each time trying to beat your pre-vious record. 3h Unit 1Code Sheet Here is a code sheet that will allow you to send and receive messages coded in English words but s orally by telephone in Russian numbers. Axl2 Be21 H=36 N=52 Ts77 Z=83 Eels C=22 1347 P253 Vas question mark = 95 1=16 D=23 Kwa Q=66 We79 period = 96 O=18 Fa34 L=49 Ra6s X=8l word space = 1000 U=20 G=35 M=S1 S266 Y= 82 To send the message NO PROBLEM read the following sequence of numbers to the telephone ope: 52, 18, 1000, 53, 65, 18, 21, 49, 14, 51, 1000, 96. Encode the message SEND MONEY and practice sending it orally through an imaginary telephone operator. Make up other short messages and practice sending them in code. ‘The learning activity on the next 11 pages Stringing Words into Sentences, will enable you to ex many things in Russian, If you give it the attention it deserves, your progress in the laniguage wi a steep climb at this point. Unit 1(tape off) Stringing Words into Sentences ‘The mnemonics are tied to English spellings, but on page __ below you will find the Russian text of these expressions as well as their phonetic transcript on . eee 1, 1 om. (Baby: Mama! Papal) (Mother: Ya mama.) (Father: Ya papa.) YA MAMA means I'm mama (or I'm a mama, or Im the mama). YA PAPA means I'm papa (or I'm a papa, or I'm the papa). To indicate "I" or “I am...” say YA (thymes with PA). Point to yourself and say "YA". Point to yourself and say "YA MAMA" or "YA PAPA". syase Ta. In Russian YA is a single letter: You might see it as made up of and (upside-down y) el 2, Here For “right here" say TOOT--like an engine announcing its arrival. For “I'm right here" say YA TOOT. fQoT ** For just “here” say "buzzed-YES " -- minus the initial “buh"-sound. For "I am here" say YA 'ZZeD-YES. ‘Voodoo s everybody's future. BOODOO predicts the future for ME. For "I am right here” say "YA TOOT". For “I will_be right here” say "YA BOODQQ TOOT". 33 Unit 1 q 2Review 1. (Check your answers with the given answers on the right) “I'm right here.” "Ya toot.” “Til be right here.” "Ya boadoo toot.” "I'm here." "Ya ‘zzd-yes.” “TH be here." "Ya boodoo ‘z2d-yes.” "I am papa. "Ya papa.” "Tam mama.” "Ya mama,” a7 was... (Man to centaur: "What were you before?” "I was a BULL.") For “I was here” (male speaking) say "YA BULL TOOT*. But for “I was here" (female speaking) say "YA BULLA TOOT", ** (Ya) BULL, or BULL-A ** 5. There For “I was there" (male speaking) say "YA BULL TOM". + TOM ** Review 2. (Check your answers with the given answers on the right) “Mama is here." "Mama ‘zzd-yes.” "Papa is there.” "Papa Tom.” "Mama was here." "Mama bull ‘zzd-yes." "Papa was there." "Papa bull ‘zd yes.” "Tam right here." "Ya toot.” “I am here.” "Ya ‘zz'd-yes." “I will be there." "Ya boodoo Tom." “I was right here.” (male speaking) "Ya bull toot.” 7 right .here.” (female speaking) "Ya bulld toot.” "I was here." (male speaking) "Ya bull 'zzd yes "I was here." (female speaking) "Ya bulld 'zzd yes.” “I was there." (male speaking) "Ya bull Tom.” “I was there." (female speaking) "Ya bull4 Tom." “I was a mama.” "Ya bull, mama." -28- Unit 1 346 And (also) A single vowel I (rhymes with SEE). Same as Spanish Y. For “Here and there” say “TOOT I TOM.” For “Also mama is here.” “I MAMA TOOT." weyee 7. Or ILI (adds LI to I. Rhymes with Really.) For “Right here or there” say "TOOT ILI TOM.” For "Mama or papa?" say "MAMA ILI PAPA?" Wy Review 3. (Cover the Russian except to check your answers.) 1 1 Lam.. ya 2 right here toot 3 1 will be... Ya boodoo... 4 Twas... Ya bull, bulla... 5 there Tom 6 here ‘zd yes 7 and, also Ji 8 or ili Putting a few things together (1). 1 Tam papa. ‘Ya papa. 2 1 am right here. Ya toot. 2a I am here. Ya zzd-yes. 3 1 (m) was right here. Ya bull toot, 3a 1 (f) was right here. Ya bulla toot. 4 I will be right here. Ya boodoo toot. 5 I will be there. Ya bgodoo Tom. 6 I was there. Ya bull (bulla) Tom. 7 Yes, I will be right here. Da, ya boodoo toot. 8 I will be the papa. Ya boodoo papa. 9 Yer, I will be the papa. Da, ya boodoo papa. 10 Right here and there. Toot i Tom. 11 Right here or there. Toot ili Tom, oe Unit 1 ” a12, Papa and I Papa i ya. 13 Yes, I was there. Da, ya bull (bulla) Tom, 14 Also papa was there, I papa bull Tom. 15. 1 am papa, right? Ya papa, da? 16 1 was and will be the papa, Ya bull i boodoo papa. 17 Me or papa? Ya ili papa? 18 Mama and I, Mama i ya, 19 Either right here or there. ‘Ili toot ili Tom. 20 Either here or there. Ili ‘z2'd yes ili Tom. 1 give up, 1 surrender When you give up you say: "Wha's da USE? YA'S DA USF." 9. No way! Absolutely not! Add a little oomph to NyET: tack on the sound OO, and have "No way!" ** NET + 10. Please (Cartoon: PUSH an ALL-STAR athlete to the side, requesting "PLEASE") To politely make a request or invitation, say PUSH ALL STAR. (Phonetically it comes out closer to PUZH-ALL-STA.) ** PUSH ALL STAR ** PUZH-ALL-STA** 11. Repeat! (Cartoon caption: "I PUFF TO REACH YA, so REPEAT! To ask someone to repeat, say "PUFF TO REACH YA." Adding politeness, you say: "PUFF TO REACH YA, PUSH ALL STAR," 12. Clear, it's clear. (Cartoon caption: "Is that CLEAR? Tell me YES or NO.” "YES-NO.") (Change the vowel to YAS-NO.) ee Unit 1 aw13, Truth, true If it's PROVED-ah it is PRAVDA. (The major newspaper in the Soviet Union is called PRAVDA.) ‘** PRAYDA ** Review 4. 1 right here Toor 1a here ‘DYES 2 there TOM 3 1, Tam. YA 4 Twill YABOODOO... 5 Twas, YA BULL, BULLA... 6 yes, right DA 7 and, also 1 8 oF 11 9 1 give in YA'S DA USE. 10 -No, not NyET, NyE 11 please PUSH-ALL-STAR 12 repeat PUFF-TO-REACH-YOU 13 clear YAS-NO 14 Good, fine , okay HORROR-SHOW Good or no-good? Yes or no? Yes, I give in. I will be there, okay? Fine. Please repeat. Is it clear? Yes, it’s clear. 9. 1 was here, right? 10 Right here and there. 11 Also papa was there. 12. Also mama was there. OVA RUN 13. Not true, papa wasn't here. Hurrah-SHOW ili NYE-hurrah-SHOW? DA ili Nyet? DA, ya's da USE. Ya BOOdoo TOM horror-SHOW? Horror-SHOW. Puff-to-REACH-ya, push-ALL-star. YAS-no? DA, YAS-no. Ya bull 'ZZD-YES, DA? TOOT ili TOM. I papa bull TOM. I mama bullé TOM. Nye PRAVda, papa NYE-bull 'ZZD YES. eal Unit 114, He, he is... Spelled ON but pronounced as the name OWEN (in one syllable) (Create your own cartoon) For “I am he” say YA ON. For "He was there” say ON BULL TAM ** ON 15. She, she is... ‘ Derived from HE (ON) by adding the feminine vowel -A, which is stressed. For "I am she" say YA ONA, For "She was there” say ONA BULLA TAM. ** ONA # 16. It Derived from ON (he) by adding the neuter marker -O, which is stressed. (Referring to the sun) It is there: ONO TAM. ** ONO + 17. (He, she, it) will be... (Not the vowel sound of BUDD but the 00 of BUDDHA) For "He will be there” say: ON BUDGET TAM (changing the vowel sound to 00) 18. It's clear that... For “It's clear that I am right here" sy: YASNO SHTO YA TOOT. ** YASNO SHTO. * 19. I hope When you HOPE for the USE of something, you say: (Ya) Nod-YEA-use “* nod-YEAcuse ** -32- 38| a here there 1, Tam... T will be... T was... yes, right and, also or I give in 10 No, not 11 please 12 repeat 13 clear 14 Good, fine , okay 15. He, he is 16 She, she is. 17 (He, she) will be... 18 It's clear that he is here. 19 I kope that she is here. wWoIwAUaun Putting s few things together (3). Is it okay? It's okay. Is it clear? It's clear. It's clear, right? It's clear that it’s okay. It's clear that he is right here. It's good that also she is here. And she is here. Is that clear? I will be there, okay? ‘And he will be there. to She will not be there. 11 He was there, right? 12 Yes, and also she was there. 13. 1 (®) was here, right? 14 No, she was here, woud KMAUne (ON, ONA) BUDGET ‘YAS-NO SHTO ON ZZD-YES. NOD-YEA-USE ONA ZZD-YES. Hurrah-show? Yasno? Yasno, Yasno, da? Yasno shto hurrah-show, Yasno shto on toot. Hurrah-show shto i ond toot. I ond ‘zzd yes. Yasno? Ya boodoo Tom, hurrah-show? 1 on budget Tom. Ona nye budget Tom. On bull Tom, da? Da, i ona bullé Tom. Ya bull ‘zzd-yes, da? Nyet, ona bulla zzd-yes Hurrah-show. ‘Note: The following eight sections are repeated in Cyrillic and phonetic ranscription on page _. =33- ag Gnit 1(Tape. on) i sitet tb d Stringing Words into Sentences Tam a fool. T'm a fool too. Tam a Russian. I am a pianist. aeons Ya do-ROCK. (dew-ROCK) ‘Ya TOB-zhih do-ROCK. Ya RUSskiy. (rhymes with TRUE-skee) Ya piaNIST. (Ya piaNISTka) 5 [am a spy. Ya shplON. (Ya SHPIONka) 6 Iam a Russian spy. ‘Ya RUSSkiy SHPION 7 t00, also. ‘TOE-zhih. 8 Me too, Ya TOE-zhih, 7 u Tm also a spy. 1 You, or you are... 2 Are you Russian? 3 You are Russian, right? 4 Yes. I'm a Russian. 5 No, I'm not Russian, 6 This, that 7 Is he a Russian pianist? 8 No, he's an American spy. 9 This is a Russian spy. 10 Who? 11 Who are you? 12 Who is he? 13. Who is this? 14 This is Ivan and this is Rosa. 15. Yes, this is Ivan and Rosa. We We are pianists, With us. “Mommy” with us. With you. We (are) with you, You (are) with us. toauaune Unit 1 ‘Ya TOE-zhih SHPION, ' 0 Tm an American spy. Ya ameriKANski SHPION. IL VY (pronounced VWIH. cp. French VOUS VY RUSskiy? VY RUSskiy, da? Da, ya RUSskiy.. Nyei. Ya nye Russkiy. Eto (rhymes with META-) On RUSskiy piaNIST? Nyet, on amyeriKANskiy shpiON. Eto RUSskiy shpiON. Kto? Kto VY? Kto On? Kto Eto? Eto IVAN, a Eto ROza. Da, Eto iVAN i ROza. MY (pronounced MWIH) MY piaNISTy. S'NAMi \chymes with Mommy) “Mommy” S'NAMi. S'°VAMi MY S'VAMi VY SNAMi -34— an8 Come! or Go: To here, hither to To there, thither! 11 Come here! 12. Go there! 13 Quickly! 14 Quiet! 15 Hands up! 16 I surrender 17 Come with us. Hurry! 1 One may. 2° May I? 3. Thanks. 4 It's nothing. $ Thank you .. 6 7 8 ‘ou may. There is, there exists... There's a problem. Let's go! We're on our way! 9 What? 10 What's this? What's that? 11 I's a camera, 12 It's a car. 13 It's a key. 14 Only. 15 I's only a car. This is, these are... This is a Russian, These are Russians, Secret agent. These are Russian spies. It means... It means I'm a Russian spy. aousene 8 Yes, you are a soviet secret agent, He'd EAT ya (without the H) s'you-DA: » see-you-DA) too DA He'd EAT ya see-you-DA! He'd EAT ya to-DA'l scar-YEH-ya! ‘TEEshirt! (minus rt: rhymes with GElsha. ) ROOkie (into) v-yAIR-Kh! (1b. SPOOKY). wha's da USE? --> ya's da USE. ‘ed EAT YA SNAMi. Iv MOSE-nuh-->MOZHnwh MOZHnuh? =MOZH-nub. Spa-SEA-bow (bow --> “buh") Neat-shove-OH Braggard are YOU Boss. ‘Yes->YESSED, YEST (th. paced) Yes} proBLEMa. Posh-LEE! SHTO? SHTO Eto? (pron: EH-tuh) Eto foto-apaRAT (pron: up a ROT) Eto maSHINa (‘ma Eto KLUTCH (a clutch is a klyooch) TOIL,-ko. Eto TOT,-ko maSHINa. v Eto... Eto RUSSkiy. Eto RUSSkiye. Tiny aG,ENT. Eto RUSSkiye shpiONy. S'NOTCH it... -> ZNOTCH it S'NOTCH it, Ya RUSSkiy SHPION. DA, vy SoVYETski Tiny aG ENT. -35- 41 Unit 1Unit 1 Are you Russians? Are you a Russian tourist? NO! T'm not a Russian tourist. Yes, we are Russians. We're Russian tourists. Tm a Russian tourist (f.). In fact... In fact, he is a Soviet spy. In fact, she is a Soviet pianist, 10 Do you speak... 11 [in) English 12 fin} Spanish 13 fin} French 14 I speak... 15 1 spoak Russian. 16 Do you understand? 17 1 understand. 18 1 understand Russian, 19 He understands English 20 She understands Spanish. 21 She undersiancy well. 22 She underste English well. WRIAVALN 23. Actually 24 Actually, she understands French too, 1 I know. 2 What happened? 3 Something. 4 Something happened. 5. I know something happened. 6 It's clear that something happened. 7 don't know what... 8 About it (about that) 9 Nothing. 10 Nothing about it, 11 I know nothing about it. VE VY RUSSkiye? VY RUSSkiy tuRIST? NYET! ya NvE RUSSkiy wRIST. DA, MY RUSSkiye. My RUSSkiye trlSTy. Ya RUSSkaya turlSTka. vSAW-mum BALE vSAW-mum QALE-ya, On soVYETskiy shpiON. WSAW-mum DALE-ya, onA soVYETskaya piaNISTka. Cover-EAT-ya (Cover--> Gover) po-anGLEEski po-isSPANski po-frantz-GOOSE-ki (without the Gl) cover-YOU (Cover --> Gover) Ya gover-YOU po-RUSski, Vy paw-knee-MY-yet-ya? (Ya) paw-knee-MY-you, Paw-knee-MY-you po-RUSski. On paw-knee-MY-yet po-anGLEEski. Oné paw-knee-MY-yet po-isSPANski. Oné hurrah-SHOW paw-knee-MY-yet. Ond hurrah-SHOW paw-knee-MY-yet po-anGLEEski, D'east-BEAT-yell-no (BEAT --> VEAT), Dreast-VEAT-yell-no, ond TOE-ze paw- knee-MY-yet_po-franTZUSki. VIL ya z'NIGH-you shto slew-CHEE-loss. SHTO-tuh SHTO-tuh slew-CHEE-loss. ya ZNA-you shto SHTO-to slew-CHEE-loss YAS-no shto SHTO-to slew-CHEE loss. Ya nye 2’ GNAW-you SHTO... Ob Etom (sounds like abet ‘em) Breech of O--> Nitch of O Neat-shove O ob Etom Ya nye z'NIGH-you neat-shove O ob Etom. 36) AaMoney. Day. Good, kind. Good day. Evening. Good evening. Morning. Good morning. Night. 10 Good night. 11 Have a safe trip! 12 Good luck. 13 Pardon me. 14 Excuse me. 15 Goodbye. 16 "bye-bye waVwauaune (tape off) VII DEN-ghee (suggens SINGLE, sore like JANE. Ghee) DEN (the firs part of DEN-ghee) DObriy (DOUGH-bree) DObriy DEY YETCHER (rhyme. with THE ETCHER) DObriy YETCHER Utro (rhymes with Sutra) DO-bruh-ya Utro NOCH (th. with cose: cp. Spanish NOCHE) spa-COIN-oy NOCH. S'Just LEAVE of a pooch YE! fsieve-O HiROshiva. frost-EAT-ya --> prost-EAT-ya ease-beNEATH. ease veNEAT-ya dust-feet-ON-ya. puCKER (Br. accent: almost bug-Off, minus the ff) =37- Unit 1CYRILLIC AND PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION OF J-VIII Russian Spelling 1 A DyPAK 2 TORE D7PAK. 3 @ PYCCKMA 4 a MMAHHcT. 5 a WnHOH. 6 & PYCCKHM IINHOH. 7 TORE. 8 8 TOKE 9 TOKE OMHOH 10 @ AMEPHKAHCKMM MINHOH. 1 BR 2 BB PYCCKHit? 3. BEI PYCCKHH, ZA? 4A, f PYCCKHI 5. HET, @ HE PYCCKHI. 6 3TO. 7 (OW PYCCKHA NMAHHCT? 8 HET, OH AMEPHKAHCKHA WINHOH. 9 9370 PYCCKHA LINKOH. 10 Kt07 11 KTo BEI? 12 KTo oH? 13. KTOo sto? 14 3T0 MBAH, A 3TO POSA. 15 DA, 3T0 HBAH H PO3A. 1 MBL 2 MBI MHARHCTHL 3 ¢ HAMH. 4 "Mommy" ¢ HAMH 5 CBAMH. 6 MbIc BAMH, 7 BBC HAMH. 8 HOHE! Unit 1 Phoneti “seripti Je durak. je to%y durak. je raskij. fo pianist. je Sion. Je raskij Sgidn. tézy. je t6zy. jo té%y Sgion. Jo amfsikansyt) Spién. vy. vy riskt}? vy raskt}, da? da, Ja riskt). get. Ja ne ruskij. ate. on rast} ienist? get, on amizikanskij Sgicn. ate riskij Sgién. kto? kto vy? kto n? kto eto? ate ivan, 9 éte réze. da, nt réze. Tt my. my piagisty. snem!. “mommy” s nami. s vari. my s vem}. vy s nem! igigtt =38- a79 cond. 10 THA. 11 MoHTE clonA. 12 wnutE THA. 13. cxopizi 14 THB 15. PYKH BBEPX. 16 f CHAWeD. 17 MOMTE C HAMH. Iv 1 MoxHO. 2 MOKHO? MOKHO. 3° CNACHBO. 4 HHUETO. 5 BRATOMAPIO BAC. 6 ECTB. 7 ECTb MPOBNEMA. 8 nom 9 “TO? 10 4T0 3T07 11 3T0 @0TO ANMAPAT. 12 3TO MAMIHHA. 13 3To KMOW. 14 TOMBKO.- . 15 9T0 TONBKO MAUIVHA. 1 ato. 2 3T0 PYCCKHA. 3. 9TO PYCCKHE 4 TAMHBIA ATEHT. 5. 370 PYCCKME LINHOHE. 6 3HAMHT. 7 3HAYHT, # PYCCKH DINHOH. 8 TA BbI COBETCKHiA TARHBIM ATEHT. quae. tuda. Aqipt quae. 1qigt tudd. skeréjil USel rakt wyerxt Ja zdojdg. 14{f1 s nomi. blagederi vas. Jeg Jeyp prebjéme. postil 316? 3t6 eto? bta fote ate mekyno. te Kut. té]ke. bt té}ke mesyno. tte. bto rishi. bte rishi}. tojnyj egent. ata raskiji Spiny. znatit... znakit, Je raskt) Sptén. da, vy sayetskij tajny) eqént. 45 Unit 1vi 1 BB PYCCKHE? 2) BbI PYCCKHA TYPHCT? 3. HET! & HE PYCCKHA TYPHCT. 4° DA, MBI PYCCKHE 5) MBI PYCCKHE TYPHCTBL 6 A PYCCKAR TYPHICTKA. 7 =BCAMOM ZENE.. 8 BCAMOM ZENE OH COBETCKHi IINHOH. 9B CAMOM ZENE, OHA COBETCKAA NMAHHCTKA. 10 roBoPHTE... 11 Mo-aHrMMAcKH. 12 Mo-McrAHCKH. 13 10-@PAHUYSCKH. 14 roBoPio.. 15 ToBoP! No-PYCCKH. 16 TOHMMAETE? 17 TMOHHMAD, 18 TOHHMAI No-PyccKu. 19 OH TOHHMMAET MO- AHTIHHCKH. 20 OHA NORHMAET M0-HCNAHCKH, 21 OHA XoPOmIO NOHMMAET. vy rasktj1? vy risk!) turist? get! Ja ne rdskij turist. da, my riskt ji. ~ my raskij1 tugisty. jo riskeje turistk f semam 4é]{, on sayetskt) Spién f samam dé}}, ond sayatska je pisgistke. govexif. nglijshi. . > mispanski: pe-franciskt. gaverd. gaverd pe-rasyf. panimayizi? panimaju. pagimaju pe-ruski, on paqimajit pa-anglt jsl and panimajit. pe-ispanski. and xora8é pontmajit.. 22 OHA XOPOMIO MOHHMMAET NO-AHTNIMHCKH. ana xara8d pegimajit pa-anglijski. 23 DEACTBATENDHO. 24 DEACTBMTEMBHO OHA TOXE NOHHMAET TlO-PAHUYSCKH. vil 1 sHAW. 2 4T6-To cnyunmoc? 3 4T6-To. 3 4T6-To cnywnnoce. 5 SHAIO TO YT6-TO CHYYHNOC. 6 ACHO, ¥T0 YT6-To cn YHMOC. 7 & HE 3HAIO TO, 8 0 STOM. 9 HHUETO. 10 HHYETO 0B STOM. 11 HMUETO HE SHAIO OB STOM. "Unit 1 AR Aljstyigijna. distal fne ané té¥y pagimajit pa-frenciskt. ja zndju. Sto-ta slutilag? Bto-te. Sto-ta slutfleg. Ja zndju Sto Sto-ta slutilag. jésne, Sto Sto-ta slutilag, Jaye zndju Bto. ab atom. nitive. itive ab étom. Ja nitivé ne zndju ad tom. 51 nénern 2 MEHB 3 ROBPH 4° OSPR TEHD 5S aivep - 6 HOBPHIA BEYEP 7 FPO 8 N6BPOE +TPO 9 Hou 10 coKéAKon HOW 11 ¢ YACTHBOrO IYTH 12. Bcero xOPOMETO 13. nPOCTHTE 14 MSBHHATE 15 no caMaARHa! 16 TOKAI (tape off) VuI 4énat den dobryj débryj den! yetir débrij yatirt tre débreje dtret not ‘spak6jnoj notit ¥ Easttiveve pusit 18}1v6 xeré¥evel prasgipit Azyinigit do syldinjet paket In the next several pages you'll find Easy Steps to Reading Russian, a presentation of the letters of the Russian Alphabet and their a yximate sound value -- first for’ ting English words, as if English were speed in Cyrilic lees, ten (with recorded native Rusian voices) fr representing Russian words, A -41- ‘summary of the alphabet is given on page _. ee Unit 1Unit 1 otageree (tape off) (Bonus Module 1) EASY STEPS TO READING RUSSIAN The purpose of this bonus module is threefold: 1. To remove any fear you may have of the “difficulty” of the alphabet 2. To enable you to learn the system of Russian writing in a couple of hours 3. To help you learn to pronounce Russian in a near-native accent Part One: The Letters of the Cyrillic Alphabet Here you will learn the 21 consonant letters and 10 vowel letters, of the Cyrillic alphabet, plus the “hard” sign and the “soft” sign. Learning the letters will be made easy by their first being used to represent English words spoken in.an American accent. Pant Two: Reading....with a Russian Accent Here you will learn how the letters you now know are used to represent the sounds of Russian words and you will learn how to pronounce Russian in a near-native accent. =aPart One: The Letters of the Cyrillic Alphabet Slavic Languages Of the ten major Slavic Languages, half are written in Cyrillic letters and half in Roman letters. Writen in Cuil R Russian Polish Bulgarian Czech Ulerainian Slovak Serbian Slovenian ‘Macedonian Croatian Many languages unrelated to Russian are also written in Cyrillic letters, among them Mongolian and Uzbek. Of course any language (including Russian) which uses Cyrillic letters could just as well be written in Roman letters. And any language (including English) could just as well be written in Cyrillic letters. Modeled almost entirely on the Greek alphabet, Cyrillic is not really very foreign to us, and each letter has its transcription equivalent so that any Russian word can be rendered directly into Roman transcription, which can then be read by anyone who knows the pronunciation rules of Russian. Unlike English, Russian spelling indicates the pronunciation with impressive uniformity. Seeing any word spelled in Russian, even an unfamiliar word, the Russian child can sound it out with confidence. Obviously, learning to read Russian is a much easier task for the Russian speaker than is learning to read English for the English speaker. The Russian alphabet has 20 consonant letters and 10 vowel letters. All are easy to learn if one associates them with familiar sounds and forms. We'll take the letters in groups, giving for each Cyrillic letter its corresponding Roman transcription. and its approximate sound, Most Russian consonants, you will notice, have paired variants: one is “"palatalized” (having a "sharp" y-sound mixed in with it); the other is “plain” (having a “dull” sound with no y-sound mixec with it), We mark palatalized consonants with a cedilla-like subscript: t - J, k-k, etc. Going from the familiar to the unfamiliar, we first present the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet as used to represent English words (pronounced in a gener- al American accent), disregarding details of Russian pronunciation. Once the letters are in mind, it will be easy to deal with the details of Russian accent. -43- 4a Unit 1Unit 1 Group t Co . a as in PAPA (never as in DAD or DATE) ° as in GOAL, GORE (sever as in GOG) k/ asin KELLER and KJELLER m/m™ as in MOOS and MEWS ty as in TOON and TUNE (Brit. proum.) nEKOD> Practice Reading. Read these English words written phonetically in Cyrillic Jeers, “Then compare them with the same words spelled in normal Engl in small print on the right. KOMO MOTO MAMA KAMA Como Moto mama comma TOTO TAKO TATA = TAK) Tow tuco, Tut talk MAM TAT KAT TAM = mom tt cot, Tom Group_2 Letter Transliseration Sound B6ord = b/ as in BOOT : BEAUT. (Note the two forms of lower-case B.) a €,a a sound varying between the vowel of ELF and ALF 3 2/% asin ZOOM : reSUME (Bri. prooun) Note the close resemblance of 3 and 3. The 9 is simply a backward €, the Greek letter called “epsilon” while 3 looks like the number 3 or a script Z: j BOBO T3T M3MO = BS3K_— bobo Teva, «memo Beck MaT T3B BST 33 mevmat ubteb beat Balt KA3 Mo3 338 5093 cae mows wb Boas 60 MaAé KA6 k36 bow mob cob ab Group 3 L Transliterati s od c sit as in SOO : SUE (Brit. promun,) y u as in LULU (never as in LULL) uw i as in MIMI (never as in MIME or MISS a j as in BOY, YORK, German JOHANN, ~44- 50C pronounced /s/ like the C in CITY (never like the c in CAT). The letter C is taken from the Greek letter sigma, written G . Here are some English words written phonetically in Cyrillic letters, M3C CTO KOCT KACT TAC CK9M Bac Mess stow coast cost toss scam Bess Ys is « boy falling down. He cries “OOF Y _ This looks like a boy falling down. Read the letter y as the sound OO asin COO-COO or U in LULU: ¥ ¥ Y. myny ny BYBY 3YT-CYT KYC 3YC BY3 BYCT Lulu co0-coo — booboozoot-suit Coos Zeus booze boost MIMI (never like the MIME or MISS). Corresponds to the Spanish, French or Italian /i/. Think of it as a slightly deformed “script y" with its tail cut off: Read H as /i/ as in uu . MHMH BYE KXKH THK TAKK T3KH Mimi beebee = Kiki Tiki talkee tacky WH This is the semivowel Jyl in BOY or YORK. It never occurs after a consonant, but only before or after a vowel. Koh aw BAMBH BSBH MAM KART «= HAT coy eye. «Bybee. baby my kite yacht Practi ine. cOK OT TO cry soak = mut now sew TocT M3C CHBH = MAMH toast mess aeabee | mommy cCHMH MYC 37M MOCT — Simi mooie mom = most Bon Bart By TOW boy —buyfty buoy tay HoK Horo HOM WTA yoke yoyo “Yom = Uub cAK crc BACT — OTC tock —Zeuss boned ous can on Wok oKe sigh ey ok oaks, AMC Maric MAYC AKC ice mice mouse ox ans Mavic Boric BOH3 eyes mace Boyce boys KAY3 cay3 BAYM CTAK cows tows Baum = ty CAC o BYBH = BAB =— sauce Sioux booby Bobby c3KC CAT ckan CKAYT —sanisex sweet sky scout 51 Unit 1Unit 1 Group a P/Q as in POO : PEW r B/g as in GOO : GEW n Wy as in LULU ; LEWD (Brit. pr.) TV This is a portal or “walk-through”. TT This looks like a portal - and also looks exactly like the Greek lener pi. Read 1 as /p/: 1 1 1. TATA on cnyk CnAT CHAYT ¢cI3M papa soup spook — spot spout Spam T= This is a gun (that shoots gamma rays). 4 This looks like a gun -- and also looks exactly like the Greek lett gamma, Read T as ig: fT T T. To Tym Bar Tar TAHTP = Fall go goop = bogs ~—étiger gap Q_ This isa lamp. AYn1 This looks like a lamp -- and is similar to the Greek letter lambd Read Tas MoM IL myny TON. TAT nan ARI An Lulu Lolo lolly lie isle fault mana Toro moro Tom papa go-go ogo goal wer ry rn mn Tepfag glue ghoul Loup nono fom = tw qion polo goalie poop lope mmc 8 yn TK = ISKC loops pool Luke's Lex KonT = Mar TAK TOcT colt log dock ghow Mont —‘MocT CTA = CTAMIT ~— moult. pot sull_— stopp BAN BYMA CKAT. ~—s FONT ~—sbant_— bila Scot hoped Mry CANT cArH TAR McGoo salt soggy guile MAM OMAK BAM TAA mile pile bile tile ~46-Group 5 L ‘Transliterati s oe P rly as in ROOM : RUDE (Brit) e tif as in FOOL : FUEL Tderg a4 as in DOOD : DUDE (Brit) Note lower ease forms. EYP This lever looks like the lower R, but one leg is missing. Even with one leg, it represents the sound fr/. Remember: I is ép/ and P is fi! F is identical with the Greek letter called rho. Will you read P as /p/ on as ii? Yes, always Ai: P PP. Pon POr Por TOP TIPO TPO ran role rope «rogue = gore. «pro grow guy This is a fly CD This looks like a fly -- and is similar to the Greek letter called phi. Read @ as ffi: @nu @nah ono ony @u SAH G0 GAM flea fly flow fla fee fi fo fam A This is a dunce cap. | This looks like a dunce cap -- and comes from the Greek delta, It may be drawn as a simple triangle or squared off at the top and "set on a stand.” Our D comes from the same source. Read Das /d:0 1 2 mua nono mop Pon mar rag man yA jn didi dodo doors road. «= dog_-= gods die «= Dewey Ed/ad Practice reading. eudu dopo PY TAPT — Fifi for. roof, an AMM SIAM = CTPA CTPA dime life smwife raw DAPK «TOPKAPI PHS. dark pork ard treeze Por PAL Port TADS — rogues rod rope—Dodds BIAKC TIAN «= PAT OPAT — blocks plop top trop CMOKP = TAH men PANT — smoker tre daddead fault BPOKP @Y0T = POT. PAT — broker float wrote fright Pan PHD PAK Pat fry freed wry/tyeRhewnt -4i- Unit 1 53| Grows 6 Transliteration S$ na B vI¥ as in VOUS : VIEW H a/Q as in NEW (Am) : NEW (Brit. ) q E (ch) as in CHAIR B_ This letter represents the sound /v/, not /o/. Remember that B is NY fol, never Iv; B is W/, never /o/! The letter B was taken directly from Greek where it was pronounced /v/, (Greek had no /v/:/b/ contrast.) The Greek B was slightly modified to form the Cyrillic letter B to represent the /b/ sound of Russian, Read Bas/v/: B B. Read Bas: BB BSB Bev BOT vote BHIT veep BEB Veb BOT boat BHI beep HH This letter, like Latin N, was borrowed from the Greek letter H , called SN NU. The Romans made the connecting bar cross from top left to bot- tom right N . The Slavs made it into a horizontal bar, so the letter looked just like our “aitch", Read H as /n: HOH H HO no HOT note HAT knot HA BOH gnaw bone BAHH bonny BOH van HOAB knave HAMB naive This is a CHAIR upside down. UU This looks like a chair upside down, The letter ¥ represents the sound JEN(ch) as in chair. Read Yas /E/; YY 4 4YAPM = YAPTI3 U3 yoiC —KaY eau Pat charm Charles choose choice. ~— catch fetch reich BST H3T POR SIABA-HYC wet net_ rove lava noose CYH HATH BAH YM PHY — soon saughty body cheap reach HYH AMM HAM 53H BAHT nom chime knife Bea vauat HOT HHT HOM HAT HAY — soe net — moll nog aotch CKAY @AHT [19H @PAYH BMT scarce fon pen frown belt CMYY AMT PACT BPAYH B3HT smooch fight frost brown vent =48— RaGroup 7 au 3 (sh) as in SHIP m 8 or BE as in crash:chain or smash-ship wu ¢ (ts) as in tsetse, ritz, pizza x 2 (2h) as in Zsa-Zsa, measure, beige x b kh as in Baje, Bach, Khomeini Ui) This is a SHIP. Li) This looks like a ship, Read Was /S/(sh): I MO my mop WAN MAM M3 MMM TPM Tam YAM shoe shore shop posh mesh leash wash gosh wash Ti) This is « ship with a CHAIN. LL) This looks like a ship with a chain, The letter IT represents the sound sequence SH + CH, as in freSH1-CHeese, baSH-CHair. Take the SH of SHip and follow it with the CH of CHain. P3MH3 fresh cheese (This is a TSETSE FLY with its square wings and proboscis. Ly This looks like a teise fly. The letter UL represents the sound /c/ (ts) as in tsetse fly or riz: LM W. THMILA TAK WIMAM, —K9LL (or K9TC) BYLL (or BYTC) pizza pie schmaltz cats ‘boots HL This is Zsa-Zsa Gabor's pleagure-bug costume. This looks like Zsa-Zsa's pleagure-bug costume. XX represents the sound /2/ (zh) as in Zsa-Zsa and pleasure. Read K as /2/; K K K. & KA-KA AH BMX TAPAK Zsa-Zsa Jean beige —_—garage Note: (1) % is written like a “mirror K". (2) The initial consonant in John and the final consonant in badge are represented by the digraph 1X: TKAH,- BSD “8-55 Unit 1x The Ras X represents a sound close to our sound /h/ but a little as if clearing the throat. A similar “throaty-h” occurs in . jota), German (achtung) and many other languages. i also occurs in our expression of disgust on tasting bad food: Yukh! Read X as /x/ (kh): XX BAX TIX 10x XOM3HHH Bach Lech Loch Khomeini YAK MAK AK YOK chalk shock Jacques. choke | DXAK OX3HK OXOK Tau jock Jake joke posh Tom THA = rau Yan gauche pizza gash chop YARHA = IKYHO OX3HH = DKOHC China umes ane Joye mxyc = @oyll, ALL BAY juice Fou Lous boteh OXWH3 TAL TAX MBIL9P — jeans Pos Taj(mahal) mestchair ja je:jo ju yori XSJICMHKM XADA@H XOMSHH PYK MIBAPTLL X3PLL BAKWMI AXTYHT Group & Helsinki Khaddafi “Khomeini rouge Schwarz Hera baksheesh as in German Ja! as in yes : yom as in Yukon, Utah, ewe as in will, bib L Transliterati s oo achtung MAS Maya Toa Goya AA The letter is just a modified A. German Ja! Read fl as ya: 4 ca Suya Aa MOHTOS: Yaya Montoy: Im phonetic transeription the symbol jf will be used inst Tt represents the sound ya as in A id of » Maja, nat Me; Read the letter E as /je/ (ye): EE E EKO Yoko RE yo-yo a ah Read the letter £ as Beil (yo: BOE E EA yea en yoy E E Eand E represent the sounds /je/ and /jo/ respectively. Unit 1 =DThis looks like an unfinished 1-O-U, with the U left off -- but it's the dropped U that is the sound represented by the letter 10! That is, the letter 10 represents the sound /ju/ (yu) as in the name of the letter U. Read 1 as /jw. 1 10 10 KT 1M WKAH WTA MAXT 132 1 Ute yole Yukon Utah Paiute «= used. = “U" “The letter BI is just a modified Wi -- the bottom-left-to-top-right diagonal is just curled back. Read EX as l/ asin BIT: bl BI BL OBUT opm BBUT Brin = TIBI SBI HBIK dill dip bill blip pin zitz knick c) WK 39 aT you uke yoke yacht nun TIS] «= CHIBIIT. = CTUTEIT. — petit! pit pt MT HT cuT cbIT en it seat ait mun Tb = DMD OBI lead tid deed did AH AH OH fH yawn on own Yone Ma ET roc Pp Yuma yet ute yore TBUT THM = MBI MAIL gil glee mill meal CKAY —CTBIY.- TAYYO = TPAYHO Scotch stiteh gaucho Groucho monn nan KAYE KPBITNI Floyd flawed cloud cripple Group 2 Two extra letters in the Cyrillic alphabet are used in Russian to represent only the modification of a preceding consonant: b ("soft si.’ to indicate palatal ization) and ‘b ("hard sign” to indicate non-palatalization). Because Russian does not have the vowel sound of BUD / /, we'll borrow the Cyrillic letter to represent that sound in English. Read bas//: ‘b b > Bbo dH KbM ObnNM PbH IbH bud Dudley run done, TbM PDHT CbM fun gum runt = sum XDM YbM IItbMT. come hum chun = lump KMbIL «© KTBY —MOIBILL._ «Ss BBMIK klutz clutch Schlitz. bulk KMS «= KPBY = KPBIIT = ITBKT_— clash crutch_— crushed plucked TUTbOT «= YBMMIC)|- RDMMNT PVT plush chumps jumped —_ushed MPbITC WDE HiaKc CMbIOXD erupts yukh! yaks smudged 9KCI PbMBII PbKBC BBTKBC axle rumble ruckus Buthus -51- Unit 1Unit 1 Self-test You've built a foundation of “recognition competence” seeing how Cyrillic letters are used to represent the sounds of English. Now comes the bigger challenge of building “production competence.” See how well you perform. in this self-test. i Fill in the blanks, toy ply fright may paste nod hooves tomb chem wash yawn mh AL v3 TM —M yw Ao brag rough flux buy shove drift jello yes Ute Yoke Yacht —T —e —bc BA aaa Then check your enswers on the far right. Ton man Pant won neiict xyB3, TM KOM Zug WAH/aH BPar @mEKe BAR ue Pb mene Hisc/ec wr Hox/t Hara Now go clear back to the beginning of this module. Do this exercise, going from Group 1 to Group 9 until you feel you have productive mastery of all Cover the Cyrillic side and practice writing some of the English words phonetically in Cyrillic letters, checking your performance as you need. (Warning: This can be so entertaining that you may be tempted to The important thing, of course, is that you feel fully acquainted “with all the letters.) the letters: spend too much time on it. 58Part Two: Reading....with a Russian Accent In Part One you learned to read and write English words phonetically in Cyrillic letters. You saw that the letters do not imply a Russian accent, As you bridge over now to Russian words you'll see that in representing the sounds of Russian, the letters don't change their value except in certain subtle particulars we call “accent.” A. Stressed Vowels (Aa) TAT pat stalemate AT fat of heels MAY mat match (tennis) MAY mat ball 3an zal hall BSA vagal (he) took (3B) WK tek bankcheck Mari mel Mel MEI mel chalk MHE mae to me (Btw) Hw i and MM mi (do-te-) mi MBI my we Tht ty you BUN wi (he) hit BHUL by! (he) was (o8 To to that BOM vol ox Bin yol (he) led HOC nos nose HEC qos (he) carried (y 10) yM um mind, intelligence HY nu well then... qk luk onion TK juk hatchway oP jur open field -53- Unit ROB. Stressed vs, unstressed vowels. (an TABAK _ tabék tobacco AMMAPAT apparét apparatus AHHA — énne Anna Aua age Anya DADA dada daddy nana 4aqi uncle (bl K) 3MMA gima winter M3BHHM izying excuse! BBA byl (he) was THHA ine mud THA tyne of a stockade @®) MEHIO mind menu METAMII mitél metal AHHE Anyi to Anna Ee jis hers (y 10) JKcyc ksus vinegar CYHDYK = sundik trunk THA tund moon (OE) BOMPOC vaprés question OKHO = akné window OKHA —ékna windows OXOTHO — axétne willingly 30M0TO § zdleta gold HONOT dalaté chisel ‘The rule for stress reduction of O is simple: Take three words spelled OJIOTO, each with a different point of stress. Bén0TO délate (0 is reduced to /a/ (uh) inall syllables following stress) HonéTo deléta (0 is reduced to /a/ (ah) ina syllable preceding stress) monoTé dalaté (0 is reduced to /a/ (uh) ina syllable twice removed from stress) ‘The rule for stress reduction of E is even simpler: Take three words spelled JEMIETE, each with a different point of stress. . nénete dé]igi (eis reduced to /i/ (ih) in all syllables following stress) menéte qi}ézi (e is reduced to /i/ (ih) ina syllable preceding stress) Heneté qiigé (€ is reduced to /i/ (ih) ina syllable twice removed from stress) -S4- Unit 1 60Look back at the above examples in set B. Can you formulate a rule for the reduction of A similar to that for the reduction of O and E? C. Vowels and Semivowels. ‘When two vowel letters occur together in a Russian word, the second one is usually a soft vowel letter, in which case (following a vowel) it represents the sequence semivowel / plus /ae i ow. In other words, after a vowel " is the same as JA, Eis the same as AE, lis the same as AH, Eis the same as VO, and 10 is the same as VAY. Here are a few Russian words with vowel letters coming together. YHTAIO (Kitdju) —sread EPYTOE (drugéj:) another UATAET (Eitdjit) he reads MPYTYIO (drugdju) bd MMTAS = (Bitdja)—sreading «= OPYTMIE — (drugq(ji) : AEM = (dajém)_—swe give OPYTAA (drugdje) Practice Reading. EE TycTow 3HAI0 Sij6 pustdj andju IO MIYCTOE 3HAET = jéju pustéji _ zndjit EH myctAa 3HAA —jej pustdja zndja BOMIEE mycTyio = MOEM béji pustdju pajém TOHKHE TIYCTEIE CTOMT —ténkiji_—pustiji_—stajit YOTHO MOOT MOET = ujdina = méjut_—méjit D. Voiced and Unvoiced Mutes. Certain of the Russian consonants, which we call mutes. are classed in pairs. In each pair of mutes ‘one is voiced and the other is unvoiced: Voiced Unvoiced B 0 a T T kK x mo 3 c B & ‘The thing about voiced mutes is that under certain conditions they are pronounced as unvoiced mutes! For example, a word ending in a voiced mute is pronounced as if it ended in the corresponding unvoiced mute. (In other words, in word-final position the voiced mute letters B OT X 3B are pronounced /ptk 8 $ f/ rather than /b d g 2 z v/.) -55- Unit 1For example: bean work meadow husband gas shelter well understood even if you did not unvoice them!) Practice Reading. Aq AqA TIOB TOBA cympyr BOB TPYD wl MYX TAR KPOB ex EKA TPAB TIPABA 503 CMPYTA BO3A (bop) rrug) (luk) {mu} (gas) {krof] tidal Hops /\6ba/ E. Palaalized ("softened") Consonants ‘You know that Russian has paired consonant sounds, e.g. /f - {/, /m - my, where one member of the Pair is palatalized (pronounced “with a y-sound added”) and the other is not. Also you know that the soft vowel lenters (A E 1 £ 10) indicate that a preceding consonant is palatalized, and the hard vowel letters (A 3 BI O Y) indicate that a preceding consonant is plain, Thus food - feud is YI, “BIOL; mood - mewed is MY - MIOI, etc.. Unit 1 BUI nen BASA EDOP nana THH 3uK CETKA MAY HET TIKBO Pag Toy Ipol Iwao /fort Ida-da /tyn fayk /set Imat Inet Aiba frat -56- Note: Except where indicating pronunciation at the phonetic level, we will continue to repre- sent the voiced mutes as such in Roman transcription. It will be necessary therefore for you to remember to unvoice them when conditions call for it if you want to perfect your accent. (In fact you would be perfectly ijo8/ [j%al Ipraff (praya/ Isupriky /vos/ Isupréga/ /voz4/ yi pol/ ¥éza/ {éder/ 444e/ yin/ gik/ qétka/ mat/ net/ }ibe/ yat/ hell of hell forehead hedgehog hedgehog's right © forehead's right (f) husband husband's was floor vase fort yes-yes hedge ery set match net of bast glad load loads hit baked of elm Fyodor uncle of dey grousy Zeke net ball no pleasingly rowIn Russian both palatalized and plain consonants occur also in positions where there is no following vowel letter to indicate whether the consonant is palatalized or not. When a palatalized consonant is not before a vowel, the special symbol called "soft sign,” is placed after it w indicate that itis palatalized. Note the contrast in sound and spelling. Practice Reading. MAT MATb [mat mot TINOTb —/plot BEIT BBITb = /byt Mom MOMb = /mol TIBI TIbvIb = /py! MENT MEMb = /mel non NOMbIIA /pol KOH KOHb = /kon KPOB KPOBb fkrof (Tape on) AMEPHKA ATACKA. BEPMOHT BYCKOHCHE KAHADA BAHKYBEP amerika alaska yirmont yiskéngin kenade venkiyir maj/ ploy/ byy mo}/ pyv me}/ poses kon krof/ checkmate raft condition pier ardor chalk floor beginning shelter Practice in pronunciation MOHTAHA HEBPACKA MHUMMTAR KONOPADO KATIM@OPHHA OKTIAXOMA BAMOMHHT = OTA. OTTABA OHTAPHO BUKTOPHA TIABPADOP menténe nibraska mitigan keleréda ka]iforgija aklexéma vajéming jate atave antaxtje yiktorija labrador ~s7- MUHHECOTA NOPKnA BAIWMHTTOH IXOPOXKA AJIBEPTA TAMMPAKC miniséta Nexida vakingtén dkorddije algerte galifaxs mother flesh to be moth dust shallow Poland steed blood APH30HA ATIABAMA KEHTYKKH OPETOH MAHHTOBA BHHHMMET azizéna alabama wintoki erigon megitébe wiginek Unit 1(tape off) ALPHABETICAL ORDER | If you want to use a Russian dictionary, phone book, or other alpha- betized document, it will pay to leam the order of the letters in the Russian | alphabet. 1 AB BrdEEX 34 AK TM HO nePecTy@XUUUMDMsHsav aA Memory _Aids: (1) Note that the first and last ietters are the vowels A and #1. (2) Note that among the last four letters are the vowels: BI 3 10 4, (3) Note that the hard and soft signs + % surround Bl. (4) Note that four of the “strange” consonants, IL 4 I Ul, come just ahead of the final four vowels. (S) Note that from V4 to ¥ the sequence of letters follows the order of Roman alphabet i to u, (Try it!) (6) Note that the first six letters suggest the order of the Roman alphabet if you remember that B follows A and comes before B. Then T comes where Roman has C, (In Cyrillic, C=S, of course, so it comes before T. Actually Roman C and G were derived from the Greek letter T-.) (7) Note that & is placed where V comes in Roman. (F is, after all, related to V.) (8) There is no w in Russian: X follows @. 7 (9) Note that letters with diacritics come in sequence: E # M Hi. (10) Note that and 3 come where G and H occur in Roman. Now test your knowledge of the order of letters by going through each of the memory aids. Then practice finding random letters in the alphabet. -58- Unit 1 Ra(tape off) Letter Names and Letter Sequences Aa B6 Bae rr Ha Eo £E& KE ah beh veh geh deh yeh yo zheh 33 Hu H# Kx Na Mu He Oo 4 zeh if Rita) y (of boy) kah el om en ° Tm Pp Ce Tr Yy OH EX UT bh 2 "Hard" ASH OS a eyo 01 i "Soft" A EM EO ja je ji jo iu Diphthones: aii, off, oi, ef, mit, mii, (Hopxl, (poke), bag yer ae ye ee Oke Vowel clusters: 4a, Hm, de, He, ie, ée, e8, fr, Ow, do ja, jaja, oie, He, vie, ja. Jojo” oyu, joju, ou Ch "soft" vowel: BA [manu], be [BreTudu], 510 (Hire), Distinguishi _ B:B F:T K:@ FT: UU: oO: 6:3 rt o«:@ min ou: wim in one system of transcription, the vowel & is represented as Y, in another as L In Russian it represents a “muffled” sound formed with tongue back and lips spread. BEST COPY AVAILABLE -59- an Unit 1 vo(tape off) One Man's Experience Learning to Read Russian Rex Lee, retold by . Blair I arrived at my hotel totally illite::se in Russian and persuaded that the language posed formidable barcers to the uninitiated. Leaving my room, I set out on my daily jog, but realizing I could get lost, I lacked back to get the name of the hotel. (I figured if I could give its name, any Russian could help me find it.) Luckily the name.I saw was readable: PECTOPAH. It seemed a little strange, but not unpronounceable: PECK, TOE, PAW I said over and over as I jogged along. Birds PECK a TOE on a PAW. I was certain I would not forget it. On my run I became concerned on seeing several signs with the same name along the way! Obviously PECTOPAH could not be the hotel name. Maybe it ' was the name of a hotel chain, Then I saw a sign with a picture of a familiar American soft drink. On it was written TIETICH. That had to be PEPSI, 1 reasoned, seeing the correspondence of the first and third letter with Greck TI that I connected with the formula for computing the circumference of a circle. With that, the hypothesis presented itself that the letter C stood for S and that the backward N (M) had to be the equivalent of our vowel i, as in Pepsi. Another observation 1 made was that on every traffic light was the word STOP, I deduced that it must be the Russian spelling of our word STOP! That insight confirmed my hypothesis that MEQICH really was PEPSI and at the same time ruled out my initial surmise that the Russian letter p was Pronounced like English p. With TIEICH and STOP as my Rosetta Stone, I now had to revise my initial reading of what I took to be the hotel name. Fortunately I found my way back to the hotel without help. I went straight to the desk, wrote down PECTOPAH on a piece of paper and asked an English-speaking clerk how to say it. She replied "RESTORAN" and pointed to the restaurant near by, Ahah, a nice cognate! So, Russian P is the equivalent of English R -- they had designed it, for some mysterious reason, without the prop or second leg! And Russian H is the equivalent of English N ++ they had changed the diagonal bar to a horizontal one, making it look exactly like our H. Looking up, I saw a picture of the Kremlin, one of the familiar sights I had noticed on my jog. Beneath it was the word KPEMJIb. The equivalence clicked in immediately: K and M in Cyrillic equate with English K and M. -60- Unit 1 66With that, I sat down and made note of what I had figured out of the Cyrillic alphabet that first hour: =P A T P=R ° K C=s E M H=N yw a Already Russian was appearing less formidable. Its relationship to English began to appear straightforward. I became curious to find out how many equivalences there were. Instead of proceeding by hit or miss, 1 went to the hotel bookstore and obtained a simple introduction to the Cyrillic alphabet. Within a few minutes, believe it or not, 1 had familiarized myself with the remainder of the alphabet and was able to “read” quite a few words. The time it took, from the beginning of my workout to the point at which I had learned all the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet and could read words I had never seen before, was just over an hour -- and most of that time I was not even trying to learn to read Russian. Clearly, the widespread myth about Russian being "a most difficult language” -- a myth I had accepted without question -- began to melt away, and I wondered what other delights I would find in this previously feared language. oe Unit Lrama 68 (ape on) Who's there? i's me. Who ate you? 's me, Olya. Olya? Olya Ivanova. --Oh, Olya, come in, please, ~-Hello.... Hello, Do you speak English? Just a minute, please. -2- --Give me, please, the number of the Hotel. =-One rminute.....801-37-25. Repeat, please, a bit louder. 801-37-25. Do you understand? -801-38-257 “No. 801-37-25. -801-37-257 ‘Correct. ~Thank you, == You're welcome. Minidialogs ‘Onn Hpandsa, --Ax, 011A, BxomliTe, nowAnyiicTa, Bu Topopitre no-anrauificxa? IMNYTKY, Noxdényiicra. ~-Hdiite une, noxdnyiicra, uéuep rocTannussl. --Onny MuHyy.... 6001-37-25. Tostopiire noxdnyiicra, norpéuve, ~601-37-25. Mounudere? 801-30-257 Het. 8601-37-25. 801-5 /-25? Toxanyiicra. ~kto tam? 016 ... sao =vy gavariyt | amlndtky, § ~-dajgl mye, gespigicy. ~-ednd mindts <-pattoxiji pe. 01-37-25. ~00 1-38-25 ~-pazilaste,(tape on) OPENERS AND REJOINDERS --May 17 =-You may. ~May I-come in? You may. Please do. Can it be done? It certainly con. ~-Did you understand? Yee, more ar less. =-Where is the entrance? --Over there. =I bave a question. —What isi) We have some questions. What are they? Go abead and ask. n-Is this seat free? =-¥es itis. —Thanks a lot ~You're welcome. One, two, three, four. Again, Louder! One, two, three, four. Once more! A bit louder! One, two, three, four. We're there! Finally! BEST COPY AVAILABLE ~-Méxzo noltra? --Méxxo, Nominyicra. --270 sosuéarn0? ~-Konétmo soamdxo. Bu nézeme? Ta, 6énee ax uézee, Tne axon? Bow Tam. 7 mers noxpéc. => Kaxéi? J Bac sompéest, --Kaxie? eoxinyiera. =-370 uéeTo cnc6ézH07 ona, eno6éam0. =-Coaci6o Comme. =-He créer, Pay, mma, tp TeTnipe. s-cadaa, Tpéirre! Exé pas. Torpéwnt =-Paa, 3a, TPH, teTHP o-Mipaéxanat Haxozéal -63- mn =-Paa, maa, Tp teTuipe. =-méina? =-méine. s-méina vaiyl? —-méine, pazalesta, s-bta vezmétne? =-kaghtna vezmézne, oovy pégalt? de, DOLIfA AP magiyt. anode fxot? s-von tem, nu mint’ vaprés. kd}? -u nes veprésy. mkakise? pedélests. ta masta svebsdne? nda, svabédne, spesgibe dejSéf1. ye stéit, oraz, dve, tet, Eta. a-snéva, grémeétt raz, dve, txt, Etturt. as. pagrémeét Unit tDear Peace Corps Volunteers! ‘After the first week of learning Russian you have already got some knowledge of the language. Every moming you say "[lo6poe yrpo", don't you? You know several Russian nouns, verbs, numerals. You remember some new poems and songs. Excelient! Orauuio! 2s." it one of you favorite Russian words? As a result of the language training you will master a member of survival ‘ompetencies thoroughly selected on the basis of competency - based education approach. Competencies which are sometimes called “life skills’, are the repertoire of verbal and associated behavior that a person needs to perform the tasks of daily life, During the first week you might have noticed that there was something unusual about the teaching methods applied. The kind of instruction you have experienced is a part of Accelerated Learning approach. Conventional teaching has assumed that learning should involve determined concentration and frequent repetition. It is known now that this style of learning is not efficient because it causes unnecessary tension and it tends to involve just one half of the brain. Accelerated Learning, in contrast, teaches you how to achieve a pleasantly relaxed, yet receptive state of mind, and presents information in new ways that actively involve both the left and right brains. There can be no learning without memory. We remember things easily that have powerful associations for us, which is why TV advertisers use strong visual images, music, and rhythm, and attempt to involve our emotions. It’s the reason why you can. remember the words of a pop song with little or no conscious effort, yet struggle to remember a list of historical dates. The new techniques of teaching create such powerful associations that students find they can literally picture what they are learning in their "mind's eye" and hear what they are learning in their "mind's ear.”Accelerated Learning does not only work by setting up memorable visual and aural associations in the mind. A high proportion of all learning takes place at the subconscions level. So Accelerated Learning presents the student with new material in such a way that it is simultaneously absorbed by both the conscious and subconscious mind. There are Accelerated Learning courses now in scores of universities around the world, The technique has been incorporated in the school system of the city of Chicago. Multinational companies such as Shell Oil, General Motors, and Hilton hotels are using the method, as are dozens of U. S. government agencies. Are you going to further benefit from Accelerated Learning? Welcome aboard! A few words on grammar, One can talk about Russian grammar a lot, some people do it endlessly! However you can communicate in Russian without knowing all the “rules and we have therefore kept discussion of complexities to a minimum. Please, don't worry if something baffles you, or if you can't remember it all. You can leave it and still understand the unit. You'll probably find later that you can't remember why you were confused! Grammar should be an aid, a tool in learning Russian. Remember though that very few grammatical mistakes will be serious enough to prevent you from being understood. If you want a more detailed information about some grammar structures, see Grammar Notes in the back of the book. Good luck! P.S. Don't be scared with a somewhat lengthy text at the beginning of each Unit. This is the content of an episode from an exciting video you are going to watch all though the course of training. You will not have to read it until all the language material it contains has been worked through in class and comprehended.Competencies: Show appropriate documents. Structures: Unit 21 241 212 2.1.3 214 215 Introduce oneself. Introduce others. Kro 310? Yo sto? WGaxyc ener B Poccao. Oner uner 8 ob | Kax Bac / te6s 30nyt? [Meus 3onyrM6uxyc. (i Gyay yawns pycoxui asic.) 3ro Moll TemonaH. Bor moa nepesoruima. 3nece moe nansTo. Tam Mou pens. ~66-Berpeua. Uro 510? Sto aspondpr. A Kro $10? Ino Onér Merposay Opnos. Kro on? Ox xommepseckmi pmpéxrop cpus "JIéua". Ou scrpeser Vi6mxyca pina. A ro xro? Sro Taresina Kupsinnoza. Oud Toxxe neTpesaer mucrepa puma. Ona nepesoguma. Ona 6yner momorars Onéry Opnosy. Oud 6yner nepeBogirs? Kouesno! Ormiso! Viuxyc Dpr — amepuxancknit Gusnecmen, EMy By KHEI UyObI, WANK, Bonka, ukpa. A crexue raseTs emy Hy xHsI? Her. Ou ne unraer 10~ pycckn. Ox yMéer HeMHoro ropopaTs no-pyccks. Ox neva p CankT— Tlerep6ypr. Ou nerur wa ndespe? Her, wa noesge we a, a ny. On aeTur Ha Maanine umd 1a apTo6yce? Konéano, ner. Ha maunine ua apTo6yce Toxe ényr. Ox nerTuT #a camonére? [pananbuo! Mucrep Cpu seri B Poceitto a camonére. Camonér - 9r0 xopoud! Ox cam nevi! Onnisuaa Mamma! Camonér mpasemmies B Cauxr-Tlerep6ypre 8 9 vacos. Korga rocnomin pan 6yner Canxt—ITerep6ypre? B népars. wacos. A cKOmbKO Bpemenu ceiiuac? Ceituac 8.45. Korépsttt sac? Ceiric 9.20. Camonér 13 Hato—Mopxa npusematiaca. Tocnomin Opnds acrpesder M6uxyca Ipinia. Ecrs npoGéma! Opmoa ne suder rocnomina [puna. Pocnogan Ppax rosopur no-pycckn? Sto M6uxyc Ppa. Ox s Pocewa. Ou s Cauxr-Tletep6ypre. Ormirao! Ox 8 wy6e. Temneparypa noanyxa Canxr—TletepOypre minye pécars rpanycos. 9ro xos1omuo! -61- Unit 2.1 a dk ialTamoxenunky aykex nicnopr MOuxyca. ¥ rocnomima Ppana ace 8 nopsaxe. TaMoxenuk 2kenaeT ycuexa. Focnoqun Tpux Moxer maTH. Ax, kak on pan! Ax, Kax eMy mpusruo! Ormiano! Kaxoe xopoutee pyccKoe cn0B0 ~ “ormmaHo". Onér Opads surder - "M6uxyc Fpan". Ja, $r0 on, Amepuxancxuit Gusnecméu ViGuxyc Tpun. "C npuésgom! [o6po noxaosare! Bet rosoprre no-pyccku?" JTa, rocnopmn Ppmi HemHoro rosopHr 1o0~pyccKa. On 6yner yanrs pyccKmit a3biK 3yecb, » Cauxt—Ferep6ypre. Overs xopomo! Tocnomun Cpu saakomarca c Tarbauoi Kupaanosoi. Ey ovenb npasxo! Hi ond oxen pana! A S10 kro? Sto Harama, A 3ro ed nana. On e# serpeuder. Ou ovens pan. Vi ona ovens pana - ona aecb B Poccuu, noma! Ueit ro Garaxk? “sm dro new? Yet 3ro emogan? Sto vemonaH Haraum, a sor vemonan M6uxyca puna. Her, $ro vemonau we Harauun, a roctomiva Tpinal Onér Opnés, M6nxyc pun w nepenomumua ényr 8 rocramuny Ha Mauine. Onu OynyT B rocrunune 8 10 yacos. Harama toxe ener. Ho ona ever He Ha Maisie, a Ha Merpo. HI ond ener He B rocruMLy, a HOMO. Unit 2.1 75BR rill in the blanks with the appropriate words. 1, Oner Opnos__. aupexTop erygent nepenonunk 2, Tartana Kupuanona MpeKtop ——cTYeHTKa nepesonwuna 3. Oxer Opnos setpesaet 0 Haramy WOuxycaTpuna —- Tarsany Kupunaosy 4, Tarsaua Kupnasona 6yzet uate exare nepesonuTs Gexars Tocnoqua Tpan aerur m : noesae mannHe camonére 6. Tocnogua Ipauw nepesonymk — Gusiecmen ——aMpeKTOP. 7. Emy we wyaus wy6st Mannan BonKa 8 Camonér upuzemantes 5 Canxt-Derep6ypre ® sacos. noceMb nepats RecaTe Temnepatypa » Cauxt—Tlerep6ypre munyc rpaaycon. nate come necat 10. Oner Opnos, Tarsaua Kupmaaosa u MGuxye Fpaa ___ (@) (6) (a) eayt wayt Geryr nerat (6) marasnn ope reatp cocrmanuy -o- Unit 24111, Onw Gynyre rocrummges______—4acon. necat onuturanuar Apewanuare. 12. Hatama a eé nana (a) (6) (a) eayt mayt Geryr aetat (6) » opue ROMO Brocrumuy —» tearp BS. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate letters / words. Berpesa. — 2 ro asponopr. AKT 970? Iro Oner Merposwa Opnos. --- ~~? O8 xommepyecxut aupexrop cbupme: "Jena", Ou serpeya__ M6uxyca [pma. _ ___ ___* Sro Taresna Kupuanona, Qua toxe serpeva__ mucrepa I’paua. Oua nepesomumm_. Oua 6yn__ nomor___ Onery Opnosy.Oua 6yx__ nepeson___? Koneuno! Oranano! Wouxyc [pau - amepukauckuit Gusnec___. Emy aypxusr my6_, wramk_, sok, uxp_. A cBexne raset_ emy nyxnn? Her, On ne uura__ mo-pyccku, On yme__ wemsoro rosop___ mo-pycckm. Ou net__ 8 Canxr-Tlerep6ypr. On net__ wa noesn_? Her, na moesl_ we eT._,a@ em__. Ow sneT__ wa MammMAH_ uaa Ha apzobyc_? Konewno, ner. Ha maumi_ u ua asto6ye_ ToxKe en__. Ou netT__ Ha camonér_? MIpasumsuo! Mucrep pun aer__ 2 Pocc_ wa camoaére. Camonér - sro xopowio! Ox cam aeruT! =~10- Unit 2.1Ormmmat Maui! Camonér mpusemaures 8 Canxr—Ierep6ypre 3 9 wacos. Korga rocnommi Ppa G6yn__-b Canxr-Ilerep6ypre? B jeBaTe wacop. A cKOmbKO BpeMeHu cettuac? Cettaac 8.45. Dialogs. 1. - Baws macnopt? Bet Gusnecmen? ~ Jla, 1 Gaanecmén. Buanecnen! = Y sac neé nopaqke. Moxere nari. Kesito yenexa! ~ Ormirmo! Cuaca6o! — Cnenyronyuitt 2. One Mempoews Opsos: Muctep Ypun! Mucrep V'pan! Omeu Hamawu: Harautat Hamawa: O%, nanat Omey: Haraurensxa, c mpaéspomt! ... 9To Teo 4emonan? Hamawa: Tia, molt. QOpaoe: Muctep Tpun? Cow: Ia, aapanerayiire! -1- Unit 2.1 “I3. Opasoe: o6po noxanosars! Oner Merposwy Opnos. Kommepyecxuit pupexrop cbapmut "Jiena". Tpun: W6uxyc Cpu. Qpsoe: Oxeut npusrao! Bsi rosopure no-pyccKa? Tpun: O, wer. Hemuoro. 4 Syny yuure pycckuit 2361. Opasoe: Oxeus xopouo! Tans, muictep Tpan syecs. Hepesodunua: 3upascrayitre. C mpHésyom. Opasoe: 3uaKxometecs, Tarbsma Kapsumiosa. Oud 6ypet nomoraTs. nam. Ona nepesoxma, Doux: Ovens mpasrno. H6uxye Upan. Tlepesodunya: Oven apastHo. Qpsoa: ro vam aria? Coun: Ma, moi, pave: Ht womory sam. Manniua ram. Tpoury ac. ~ 3upanernyiire! Mena 3onyr Hatama. A kax pac 30y1? - 3apascreyire! Meus aonyr HGuxye. Oven: npusrno. ~ Ovews npusituo (64ens pana). ~ Hapuaure. Bui macrep Tpun? ~ Ha. A W6uxyc Cpun. 3apascrayiire. ~ Oven mpusitio (a pag nac Bugets). Onér Merposus Opaos, KOMMEp4¥ecKHit HPEKTOp. ~ Ovens mpusitio. Unit 2.11 5. = [Janairre nosuaxomumcs. Mens sosyr Pasapa. A pac? ~ Mens sonyr Mpa. - Ovens npusiruo. But crypenrKa? — Ta, a cryaéurxa. A But? - Al nosourép Kopnyca Mapa CHIA. 6. —Swaxomprecs. Focriogan Epan. Pocnoguu Derpos. Supplementary material. BS Fill in the blanks. Berpexa. “tro 2 30 aspo.___. A ___ 20? 910 Oser Merposis ----— Kro on? On Kommepyeckwt mu____op ¢pupmet “Jlena". On coGupa_ ca serpesars MOuxye_ [pan A 910 xto? 910 Tarsan_ Kupunnos_ Ona rome eerpesa,_ mmerep_ ‘ [pus_, On_ nepesomnm.. Ou Gya__ nomorars Oner_ Opnon_. Ox. Gym _ nepesomars, On_ yMe__ nepesomrs? Konewno! Oruno! Homxyc ms mL 8 Her, Ou ne ura nio-pyc___. Oa aet__ m3 Heto-Mopxa p Cauxr-Ierep6ypr. Ou met__ wa noes? Her, a e ue nevar, a eayr. On meT__ Ha oot Ey ayant _bi eMy Hy KHbI? M02 e mt Ha a___ Konewo, wer. Ha maumm_ 1 Ha aproOyc_ toxe eayr. On ser__ mac. 2 TIpanunssio! Mucrep Cpu ae B Poce_ wa camonét_. Camonér ~ 910 xopouo! Ox cam set_ maura! C_ __T npmwema__ex a Camcr—Terep6ypr_ == Unit 2.1 &0Opnos verpena__ WGmxyc_ Fpmi_. sHa__ rocnomua_ [pun_. Focnoum Tl. Oa s Pocen_. Ow p Canxr-I1, On B uy6_ - Tem. ~~-Pa sosmyxa Bp Canxr- Tletep6ypr_ mye necars rpagycos. Sto x____o! Tamokemumey Hy. MLL Bet Bp nopsie. TamoxenumK >xer yenex, Tio a Tle Mox__ wana. Ax, Kak om p_al Ax, Kak ey opusTHo! O_____ ol Kaxoe xo___ee p.___oe cos ~ Ol OL.» wr - "h. Ta, 910 on. AL____-_oxmi Ows___ um ML om! AL__o m0____vars! Bsr rosopi_ (ee oy oe sabik 3yec, 0 Cankr—M_ Tim suaxom__ca c Tarsan__ Kupunnon__. W ona o__w» paral A x0 x10? S10 H. Ou ovens pan. HM ona oo. paya - oa sfech B ____um, soma! Yet ___ Garax? Usu === yeMonan? 3ro Peete Hers 370) as sua eB va Manum_. Owx 6ya__ 8 rocrmam_ 2 10 uacon, TL_.ma roxe eq. Ho owa en. we na Maumo, a wa werpo. ona em. Me B roctmnmy, a ROMO a5 Unit 2.1 81Grammar Structure 2.1.1 7 1 Kro 9T0? dro oT0? Who is it? What is it? 370 Houxyc. 310 xypHan. Sro Hatama. Kro sto? STo Anam. Sto Esa. -15- Oro kuura. Yro 9T0? To KypHan. 2if on > OHO i & Ht cTy gente] CTY EHTKA x«KyPHANO | KHMTA TIMCbMO Unit 2.1 -16-& o & J OHH #) x, n CTY HEHTHI CTYDEHTKK feo Yi sal KY PHAJBI KHMTHM TIMCbMA Unit 241Exercise 1 Group the nouns below into the appropriate gender group: OHO | OH OHA | [7] ‘Sro KYPHAT, YU 3ro KHHTA. 7 So MIMCbMO. ie WHCTHTYT wIKONa Mara3HH mou¥Ta cTaqnoH ocuc oKHO —_pecropan reatp opuc Gupxa 3apog = MeTpo| | Mamma ceno camonér Tpampatt paGora Exercise 2 Replace the singular by the plural: ro MalluvHa 3ro KYPHAIIBI. IMGEMO camomeT TeaTp cTaquoH OKHO lukoyia 310 KH. uarasuit \ jesyuka | 8aBoq ay rocTuHnya pal 310 TIMCbMA. Tecra _/ NOTE! yenOBeEK — JWAK peOéHok — jeTu mpyr = — Apy3pa 6pat - 6paTba -7B- Unit 241e Mouxyc ornevaer apanansno, a But? Ibicus answers correctly, and you? ‘S1o my6a? 9370 cnopremeHka? ‘310 Mamma? Her, 970 manka. Ja, sro : eee cTloprcmeHka. Oro Semana? “370 H6uxyc? -19- Unit 2.1 £6Structure 2.1.2 WGuxyc exer 6 Poccun. Ibicus is going to Russia. EXATb (ceiraac) © Oe Unit 21KYA? - Where to? (direction) Kyaa on eget? Kyna on unit? Ou eget B Poccun. Ou unét 8 oducl. Uro 970? Lad Sro knaccO, S10 KomuaTa. Kyga? Kyga ujér crynenr? ala abs Cryneut ager Cryjeut ugeT B knaccL]. B KOMHATY. Unit 21ened. | e ; Who goes where? AccusATIVE Case Noun ENDINGS (SINGULAR) Kyna? Ou eget B CaparosL]. Ona uaér Ha noarty. masc., neut, = NOMINATIVE fem. -y (-10) BoducO) B Mocxsy B KHHO 8 Kanmbopxuro Exercise 1 Answer the questions using the words given on the right. 1. Kyna mnyt crynentet? a. B 300MapK 2. Kyma ayyT croprcmenbi? 6. B My3e 3. Kyna enyr Typucrsi? B. Ha Ga3ap 4. Kyna mnyt net? Tr. Ha craquou 5. Kyna myer %enuyaHa? a. B TeaTp 6. Kyna ener Upan? e. 8 Ou6.moreKy NOTE! A uny aomoit. ~82- Unit 24 89Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with the correct pronouns;open the brackets using the appropriate prepositions and noun endings (if necessary). Model: ..... wer ... (Mara3ua) On(a) ugér 8 Mara3anO. sees eneT ... (MHCTUTYT),a ..... BAYT (mko.a). enem ... (craqwoH),a ..... wyéte ... (TeaTp), bese uy ... (6npxa), a ..... ma’... (pecropant). seo ener ... (opuc),a ..... eay .. (gom). Unit 2.1Unit 21 Structure 2.1.3 ak Bac / re6a 30ByT? = Ero Kak SOByT ee Vigan. goByr? What is your name?Exercise 1 Read and memorize: A Buxrop. Mena sosyr Buxrop. Tot [xeiimec. Te6a 30nyr [xelime. Ou Maiixa. Ero 30syT Maiika. Oua Cauppa. Eé sopyt Cannpa. Mot Maiixn u Cangpa. Hac 30syr Maiixa m Canppa. Bu Hux u [xynu. Bac 30Byr Hux u Jxyan. Onn Wouxyc a Harama. Ux sonyt M6nxyc a Haraura. 2 Do you remember the characters in the film? * Sto GusHecmen. Kak ero 30ByT? * STo KoMMepuecknit yupeKTop cbupMpi "Jlena". Kak ero 30ByT? + 9ro nepesogumua. Kak eé 30nyt? + Hesyuna serur 8 Merep6ypr. Kak eé 3onyr? ees Unit 2.1 Sp 4Structure 2.1.4 AA Oyny yaHTS pycckHit a3bIK. J will study Russian. uMTAaTb. 4uTaTb. 3asrpa on (ona) 6yneT Saprpa oun OyayT aurare. | ‘UUTaTb. = 86- Unit 2.1Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks using the future tense forms: odel: Saprpaa ..... 4HTaTb KypHan, —+ Saprpa « 6yny wuTaTb xypHan. W6uxye ...... yanrs pycckuit aapix. Mb TOBOpHTE NO—pyccKH. Om 3HaTb pyccKuit a351K, Tlepepogunua momoraTs. Uro Bu... AetaTb 3aBTpa? Exercise 2 Answer the questions in the parenthesis and complete the sentences: W6uxyc Ppan TOT Ou ener 4 Kya? Tocnoqun [pun Ha CaMonéTe. uTO qenaet? Ou Gynet B Ilerep6ypre : Us POYPre —arRaT M6nxyc pan, Oner Mertposny m nepesonynua enyt Ha Malunue, Kya? Wouxyc 6yner pyccKuii 13BIK. ‘To Aenate? W6uxyc nemuoro mo—pyccku. uTo aenaeT? ale Unit 2.1 ghStructure 2.1.5 STo Moi YemoyaHt. Sro Mos nepesoyynya. Sto Moé nambTo. STO MoH Belg. This is These are suitcase / interpreter / coat. My things. MOM) G) Ae Usa oTo Kuura? SrTo Mos kuura. Yet sTo xypuanD? Sto Mow xypuanO. TROL TBOS Hall nama Baul Bama Mon, ik Dep Ubé 970 nuchMo? Sto Moé nucbMo. TROE Hamre Baume Unit 2.1 Ubu oTo nuceMa? Oro MOH TMCbMa. TBOH Han BaloKypHast | xypHan 2%KYpHaa Sto ero|K#mra =| Sro eé |KHura | Oro wx |KHura TMHCbMO THChMO MHCbMO THCbhMa MHChMa MIHChMa Exercise 1 Read, repeat and memorize: a TBE ou OHA = MBI BEI oun Welt oro MaruuTomou? MOM TBOM ETO EE HAM BAU Mx Uba oro MaumuHa? Moa TBOA EO EE HAMIA BAIA UX Ubé oro nanbT0? MOE TBOE Ero EE HAUWE BALIE ux Ubu oT0 Bewn? MOK BOM EfO BE HAMM BAUM MX -89- Unit 2.4 SG Keke diateExercise 2 Use the required pronouns: Cecrpa xupér 3yecb. S70 ..... KOMHaTa, — Sro eé Komuarta. SL uaraw xypuan. S70... oKypHan. Bpl nuwere MucbMO. STO ..... MHCbMO. Tot yumm caopa. ITO ..... croBapb. S10 1. Sto masbTo. Or cugur ayece. Sto MecTo. Crynenrsi uraior. 9t0 yueGuuxu. Unit 2.1Competencies: Name clothing items. Check into a hotel . Structures: 21 | Dly6a - sro ormH4Ko! 2.2.2 (Tlepesonamua 6 usy6e. 2.2.3 [Orkyna But npuexann? 2.2.4 [HiGuxye xunér b rocTmaMne. Harama xupét B MetepSypre. Tre on xanét? Ha kaxom sTaxe? — Ero HoMep Ha naTOM sTaxe. =9- Unit 2.2 98 et (alli MadiToesaxa 8 rocrauuny, Oner Opnos, nepesommma « M6uxyc Ppa ényr na manne rocrimuny. Pyccxaa 3ama! Kpaciwo, no xomopHo. B py6amxe XONOMHO HB HAaTEe xOnOAHO. B KocTIOMe TOxe XOnOgHO. Ho B my6e Tenn, He xonoguo. B aém rocnoguH pux? Ou a my6e. A B udm Tarsaua? Ona TOoxe B utyGe. He xonogno! A 5 yém Oxer Tlerposna? On ne 8 myGe. Ons nanbro. B aaneté xononuo? Konésuo, wer. B manbTd Toxe He xomoguo. [Ipexpacuo! Ja—aa, TlanbTo ~ 9T0 xopomo, a my6a — ormH4Ho! A Bet? B 4éM Bt cerojna? B my6ax? B nambto? B pyGamxax? B pxuucax? B naaTe¢x? B 6proxax? Her, abi we B myOax, KowéuHo, m He B nambTO. But KTO B Ym. Bam xon0gHo? KapKo? Hamm 3uakomste 8 rocraanye. 3ro rocruanya "fpaGanruitccan". Tye ona waxdpurca? Ona waxoqutes 8 néurpe ropona. Orsiauo! Focnominy Cpiny uyxeu nowep. aa Hero sfech 3akd3an HOMep. Ox OyneT 3fech KUTE. Ajmunuctpatop ronopur: "[o6pmtit Bevep. Oguy muuyry." Tocnoqam [pia co6upaerca ato-To nucate. Ou numer : Pamaana ima rPHH MBUKYC Ton poxnenns — 000991 1 Unit 22Orxyna on npwéxan? Ou upuexan u3 Amepuxu, 43 Hpio- Viopea.On ne mimer, ckomsKo spémenu om coOupderca XuTE B roctauune. Ero nomep Ha nsiToM oTaxe, A BoT Herd Kmo4. A Bau uomep? Ha kakom 9raxe Bam uomep? BS. Fill in the blanks. 1. Oaer Opnon a M6axye Fpan na : () (6) (8) (a) mayt Seryr exyt nevat (6) camonére — maumne noeane anro6yce (») roctuumay MarasuH rearp pecropan Suma. B XOnORHO, a B ne xonoguo. @ (6) (a) nansronaarse pySamxe my6e (6) pyOamxe my6e naneTo anaree 3. Bau MGuuye Ppan? Onn : naayto my6e kocriome naatbe B uém Oner Opzon? Ons KocTiome y6e naneto anatbe 5. Hawn suaxomues_ pecropane — caMoaére noesne roctauaue 6. Tocnoguny Fpany nyxen , MarnaTopon teat nomep pectopat =93- Unit 2.2 100 47. Yocnogua [pun co6epaetea ar0-T0 nucate surare 8. Ero womep wa orame. seraéprom — naTom wecrow ceRbmon 9. A Bam uomep na oTaxe. nepaom sropom xpereem weraepron BS Fill in the blanks. Tloesnka 8 rocramany. Oser Opnon, nepenonuum_ x M6axyc Tp en na maw» rocrumua_. Pycckaa 3uma! Kpacus_, wo xonogu_. B pyOaumx_ Xooqu_ mB nnaTS_ xosoqH_, B KocTioM_ TOxe xomogHo. Ho » my6e renso, we xonommo._ ___ rocnoaua Tpun? Ou 8 my6_.A 8 aé Tarbaua? Ona toe a my6_. He xonogu_! AB aém Oxer Terposua? Ou ue p mye. Ou p nanbtT_. B wanbTo xonoguo? Koneano, wet. B naabto Toxe eee . TIpexpacuo! Jia~fa, mamet_ - 970 xopoul_, a my6_ - ormuum_! A am? B vém put ceroqna? B wy6ax? B nansto? B pyGamx_ _? B pxanc_ _? B anatpax? B Gpiox__? Her, pst we B myGax, Kowewno, # He B nansTo, Ba kro a 4m. Bam xoaogu_? ‘Kapx_? Unit 2.2 il,Kama 3nakompie 8 rocTHEHa., 93To rocTHHUy "Tipu6antnitcxaa". Pe ona naxoqutca? Ona waxonatcs 8 WeHTp_ ropona. Oranauo! Tocnonmay puny ayxex aomep. [Lax nero ayech 3akasan HoMep. Ou Gyh__ saech x__ _. AmMmnuctparop rosopur: "Jlo6peri sesep. Oguy Munyry." Tocnoqun [pan coOupa__ca ¥ro-ro nuc___. On num__: amanus - TPHH Mima ~ HBHKYC Tox poxnéaus = 000991 —I Tuanora. 1, - 3ypancrayire! Most cbanainas Ipau. Y menst saxdsan womep. ~ Mpocrire, xax Bama cbanaixas? ~ puns. HiGuxyc Fpant. — Oryga But mpuexann? ~ Hs Amépaxn, 43 Horo-Hopxa. ~ Xopowo. Bor, 3anommnre, moxanylicra. ( SanommnTe, WOXayiicTa, BOT 3TO.) - Bor, sosemute. ~ Beé p nopanke. Baur nomep na ceqpmom 9TaxKe. Bor Baul K104. ~ Cnaci6o. ~95— Unit 2.2 1622, - Mspunure, rae naxojatca marasHR? — Ha Mocxoscxoit yaune. ~ Tyna nyano éxath Ha aBrobyce? - Her, na rpampae, 3. - 910 Marasau? ~ Ta. = Byece MOKHO KyUHTE wny6y? - Konesuo. - A namer0? - Ta. - A many? ~ Konesno. B marasue ects acé: 1 my6x1, 4 MALTO, H ULAMKH, H 6proKu ... Yro Bam nyo? ~ Acam ne sumo. -% Unit 22 103‘OQ Match the adjectives with the nouns. 1. xpacunoe 2. Ténm0e 3. Gomsmas 4. sépaax 5. cepste 6. xpacepa 7. poporaa 8. Genas 9. xopommait Situation. pySamxa Opioxs nate w6Ka comrep akuner namo my6a 4. manka Your friend is going to meet with his counterpart Ivan Solntsev. He has never seen Ivan before. And you know Ivan very well. Explain to your friend that Mr. Solntsey will be waiting for him in the hotel at 3 p.m. He is a young handsome man. He'll be wearing blue jeans, a checkered and a warm grey sweater, because it is very cold now. -97- 104 Unit 2.2 4 4Supplementary material. BS. Fill in the blanks. OL. Oo —swva Tat w WL. TL em. mM wae--) 2 Kan K_o-- 0, wo x LLL B pyGam_ x _ B mma x_____0. Bxocriom, toxe x____ : my6. = T__0, we x____ 0. B wm ri Ox 5 my6_. A » sé Tarssua? Ona toxe w ____. de xonoguo! A 5 stm Oner Terposua? Ou ue p myS_. On 3 mambo. B n_____ xosoqno? K__ amo, wet, B mambto T___ we xonoguo. Mpe,____o! Ma-aa, ml - 370 xopomo, a m___ - oranuol Hawa snaxomme 8 rocrumun_.. 970 "IIpaOaatuitcxan". Tne o__ waxogurea? boueHTp. TL r. nyxen u___p. /na wero sec sakagam HL _ Gymer syecs.___. A____uerparop ronop_ _ wpe___. Omsy ___yty.” TL 4TO-TO mucaTh. On nam Panwans - TPHH Yiwa - MBMKYC Ton poxnenus - 000991 Orxyna om mpwex_.? On mpuexan uz Amepux_, 43 Hpio-Mopx_. On ne mmm__, c__ oko ape. _um om coOmpa__ca ____ procrumuy_.Ero u___p #a ___oM its Se Oe Unit 22, sub adq 4 Grammar Siw Structure 2.2.1 Ily6a - aTo oTan4Ho! (lit. — A fur coat ~ it’s excellent!) Uro sto? 3To STo 3To 9370 oKyprang. raseTa. | cooOmeHHe. | HosocTH. KAKOH | KAKA KAKOE KAKHE aTO XypHanO?|sTo rasera? | sro coodmenne?| 970 HoBocTu? | 3To 3ro 3To 3ro HHTe peCHBIM | HUTepecHam |MHTepecHoe /MHTeEpecuble a#&ypHan(. | rasera. cooGmenue. HOBOCTH. -9- Unit 22 1063 3 Kaxoit? - What kind? Kak? - How? adj edv XOpoumHit —> xopomiy') +0 — xopome ag adv nuoxelt —> naoxg, +0 - muoxo adj adv mHTepecHanit —> mrrepecsf Qi + 0 + uuTepecHo eo adv yekacHblit —> yxacik +0 — yxacHo adj adv Ceroyua xonoqubiit qens. — CerojHs. xonoqHo. 3 adj adv On xopommit crygenr. — On xopouto ropopur no~pyccKu. Unit 22 -100- 107Uro on yenaet? =O) Ou noér. Kak ou noér? Ou noéT xopouio. On noéT MI0xo. -101- Unit 2.2g We always use: . adjective + oun adverb + verb xOpowml CTYReHT XOOMHBIM JeHb kpacHBbit napk Exercise 1 Match the words: 1, ormmunpit 2. ormmuHO 3. mm0xom 4, m10x0 5. mpexpacuiit 6. mpexpacno Unit 22 xopouro roBopuTh XONOMHO ryIATS KpacuBo mucaTS a. TeKcT 6. unraT, B. mucaTb Tr. yenoBex A. HTS e. PunEM -102-Kak? a One Gi A Am Ou rosopur mo-pyccku... | On ropopu mo—pycckM. + XOPOMIO. ... NPABUIBHO. | ... MIOXO. ... HeTIpaBHIbHO. Exercise 2 Answer the questions: 1. Kak Bur Gygete rosopurs no-pyccKn? 2. Kak Bui xupéte? 3. Ckaxkure, noxamyiicta, Tmoc WBaLYaTs — TO xOMOAHO? 4, Tlepesoqunua Oyfer nepesogutTs. Sto xopowo? ~103- Unit 2.2Exercise 3 Answer the questions: a) Kaxue cnosa yacro ropopaT ONTMMMCTHI, a KakHe | nmeccHMHCTEI? a _ ff XOPOUO . — yxKacHo nmoxo \ ormmHo = BKYCHO unTepecHo _/ mpexpactio u 6) Kax Bui nymaere, M6uxyc [pun - onramact ana neccumucr? [louemy? =104- Unit 2.2 meee Tlepesoqunua B myG6e. — Structure 2.2.2 The interpreter is wearing a fur coat. (lit. ~ The interpreter in fur coat.) Kro 8 4ém? — Who is in what? Who is wearing what? PREPOSITIONAL CASE NOUN ENDINGS Buém? On 8 6proxax. fem. SINGULAR masc., neut. -e 8B KOCTIOMe Biuy6e aX (-9X) B KOCTIOMaX PLURAL, | | B ury6ax ~105- Unit 22Exercise 1 Who is wearing what? W6axyc (koctiom). Tarpana (uy6a) Opzos (pyGauxa). Vigan (cputep) Haraua (™xaucsi). Tierra (canorn) Exercise 2 What are you wearing today? -— Kpoccosku T manka ‘year yGalika Py cBuTep ya KyPTKa 106Ka Ne = 106 - Unit 22 113 ja dt 1Structure 2.2.3 SA mpuexan(a) 13 AMepuku. Tam from America. (lit. - I have arrived from America.) Uro 90? aS] “| Sto knaccO, STo KOMHaTa, Orxyya? Orkyga ayer crynent? Shad] Se! Crynent wer Crygeut upét 3 Knacca. 43 KOMHATBI. -107- i14 Unit 2.2Orkyya? ~— Where from? GenrtIve Case Noun ENDINGS ( SINGULAR ) Orxyya? Q [Gams scan ) Seonera es Anepn A u3 [letpoiira. masc., neut, -a (-# fem. bi (-u u3 Jlerpoiita 43 Mocksbt Mase. Fem. Sto MapaxD. (Nom); 40? ro AMepuka. (Nom. A eny w WapuxD. (Acc.) | KYQA? |A eny B AMepuxy. (Acc.) A «xupy B Ilapnxe. (Prep.)| CE? h oKuBy B AMepuxe. (Prep. A mpuexan 43 Tapmxa. (Gen.) |OTKY MA? |A mpuexan u3 AMepuKn. (Gen, ~108- Unit 22KYA? TE? OTKYTA? ByomMO B TOME M3 TOMA Exercise 1 Write the correct endings. Caparos_ Kanupopxn_ A npwexan(a) u3 Mocks_. BawmurTon_ Boarorpan_ -109- Unit 2.2 116——y waa i Structure 2.2.4 W6uxyc x uBéT B rocTHHuye. Ibicus is staying at the hotel. (tit. ~ Ibicus lives in the hotel.) Uo sto? Sto xnacc[], To Komuarta. Tye? poe +» B KOMHATe, +. BKgacce. -110- Unit 22PREPOSITIONAL CASE Bate] “| [nase Oua B naaTbe. ExaTs Wa apToGyce. 4 NEW! Tye? t susie J Kup B Mocxse B yome N 5. -1- Unit 2.2| cima Tye? ~ Where ? (location) ee ae Ou xuBér B Capatose va yauye Tymxana. XKKTb ‘1 KUBY MBI KHBEM TEI KUBEWIb BbI KuBETE on/ona xuBET OHM XUBYT PABOTATbB a padotaro MbI paGoTaem TbI paSoTaemb BbI paOoTaeTe on/oua paGotaet ouu paboTaioT Unit 2.2 -12- = 3Exercise 1 Answer the questions choosing the appropriate word: 1. Tye nosHaxomaauch M6uxyc u Harama? (ocuc, rakcu, camomét) 2. Tne Gyner xuTs M6uxyc? (rocrunaya, 10m) 3. [ne 6yner xu Harama? (rocranmya, fom) 4, Tye waxogutcs roctunuua? (Mocxsa, Caparos, Ierep6ypr) 5. Tne Bot xuBéte? (Caparos, Mocksa, Pocros) 6. [ye Bui pa6boraere? (oduc, MarazaH, 3aB0g) REMEMBER! Uo 20? - Ito pom. Tye Mpau? ~ Man p poe. in the house Tye Usau, B ocbuce? - Her, on oma. at home -U3- Uni 22 j 4elit hiths Exercise 2 Write the noun in brackets in the correct case form: | Kopnyc Mupa naxogutcs 8 (neHTp) ropoya. | A eny 8 Kopnyc Mupa na (Maumue). A xupy wa (ynuua) B (qeHTp) ropona. Moi nom Haxonutca Ha (nmomaqE). A paGoraio w (Kopnyc) Mupa. AL Gyay (nom) 8 7 uacos. Te Moa pyuxa? Oua p (knura). A xuura ~ Ha (cron). ~14- Unit 2.2 121Structure 2.2.5 ~ [ye on xupétT? Ha Kakom 9Taxe? - Ero HOMePp Ha NATOM 3TaAxe. - Where does he live? On which floor? | ~ His room is on the sixth floor. KAKOM? RRS AI NEPBHA BTOPOM TPETHH YETBEPTHA OATH HOBBIM Kakoii cnoptcmen0] rosopat:"Oi!"? KAKAA? BAAR HEPBAR BTOPAA TPETLA YETBEPTAA NTAR HOBAS Kakas cnoprcmenka ymui6aeTes? KAKOE? WEPBOE BTOPOE IPETbE 4ETBEPTOE NATO HOBOE Kakoe ceroqus uncno? -us- Unit 2.2PREPOSITIONAL CASE ENDINGS Tne? kakom (sTaxe)? kakon (ymmue)? floor? ms street? — Where? On which Ou xuBéT Ha WeCTOM 9TaxKe B HOBOM OMe 8B Oonbuow KBapTupe. SINGULAR Noun ENDINGS ADJECTIVE ENDINGS masc., neut. masc.,neut. -OM (-€M) fem. Ha BTopoM (2TaxKe) Ha oTaxe fem. -oit (eit) Ha yuye Ha HoBoit (ymmme) Exercise 2 Supply the required adjective endings: 1. Mbt KuBéM B HOB__ rocTHHHye. 2. Oxa paSoraeT B KHHKH__ Mara3uHe. 3. Ou KuBéT B Gombur_ ome. 4. Harauta xuBéT Ha BTOp__ 9Taxe. Unit 2.2 ~116- 123Exercise 3 Answer the questions: a) Ha Kaxom oraxe rocTunuypi xuBéT MOuxyc? - Ha nsarom eTaxe. Ha kakom 9Taxe xmBéT Harama? -(@) A Oner Terposwy? - (9) A wa Kako 97axKe KBBéTe BpI? a) 6) B xaxom rony pogusca orey Haraum? — On poguaca » 1938 rony (rsIca4a eBaTECOT ‘TpaquaTb BOChMOM roqy). B Kako rogy ponuaacb Harama? ~ (1965) B kako rogy Bot poqumuch? e) -1- Unit 2.2Korma (8 Kakom rony) ponuica Maan? Van pogunca B 1972—om rony. ~118- Unit 22 re) ail Unit 2.3 Competency: Use the telephone: local calls. Structures: 2.3.1 [Amory paGora’ 2.3.2 [WGuxyc ssonnt Haraine 2.3.3 [On ssomun Harame. 2.3.4 (Cxomsxo Bam / TeGe net? -119- Unit 2.3Brocrunnye. Hamm 3naxomue 8 omepe. U6uxyc pag. S10 ero nomep. On BHAUT B HOMepe Tenedou. IIpexpacno! Ou mMoxer paborats. UM on 6yner paSorars Emy nyxHet myOet, manKH H RORKa. Ou HacTosmui GusHecmen. A Teneou paGotaet? Ou nactoamnit? Kouéauo, na. On ne MOxer He pa6oTaTe 8 rocTanaue "TpuGantHicKkaa". Orausno! Kaxaa nporpamma na cerogua? Cerogua ormatx. Hactoamnit ormerx. Tocnoqun pax moxer ommprxars. Ipexpacuo! A KaKxaa MporpaMMa wa 3aBTpa? 3ae7pa B OAuMHagNaTS HOAB—nHoAS GyneT Hemoncrpauua Mogénelt 8 cbipme "JIéua". 3arpa M6uxyc ue Gyner otpErxats. Ou Gyner paGorars. B yécats rpaguats erd Gyner KnaTb Maimua BHH3y. On coOupaiotca éxaTs B cupmy Ha Mammue. Orausuo! Ozer Opnos mpomaerca. Ur0 on rosopit? "To cannauna?", "Io scrpesn?" unm "Jo 3antpa?". Ou ne rosopit: "Moxa". Ox ropopir: "Jo saarpa!" UGuxyc Tpan acé nosaa, Onér Opade npurnamder erd wa o6én, Osens xopomo! Yro MOuxyc pagar s uoMepe? Bot wropa. Bot xpécao. Bot oxHO. A Sto cron u cTym. MOXHO cHAeTh MYMTATS HAM MuCATS. Bor qunan. Moxuo otguixath, Moxxo cnatb. A BOT nHaHHHO. Myssixa - 9To mpexpacuo! A or # tyanér. Yo 310? So 4emondu. 370 ero Yemonau? Her, dro He ero vemondu! So He -120- Unit 2.3 10%ero nému! S70 we MyxkckHe Bému! Sto xKeHcKHE Bema! A rae ero semonan? I'ye ero sému? YUro 510? Sro susutuas KaprouKa. ... Havana Cepréesaa Konanéna. upma "JEHA" Hamaava Cepreeona Kocanéoa Hemonerparop onexaut. mea. 355 - 14 - 97 Bro e& vemopan. Sto e& nem. Homep e€ renedoua... Orauano!Homep ed renecpoua 355 ~ 14 - 97. U6uxyc ssonaT Harame. Anno! Kro $ro? 310 Haranna Cepréeana Konanépa? Ila, $vo ona. Ormiuno! Ero aemogan y weé? Ja. Eé nama Gyner B rocTunuue B ABeHaquars yacds. Ox qact emy (UGaxycy) ero uemonas. A M6uxyc gact emy e€ semopau. Ovens xopomo! Harama rosopar: “Bor pacrana!" Kro pactana? Haraua? M6uxyc? Her, W6uxyc ne pacrana. Sro ed mana pactana. Ou 6yneT » roctuuuye 8 12 wacos. M M6uxyc pact emy e& semonau. -121- Unit 2.3 PDAdditional text. Oner Opnoa, Taxa m Hatawia - pycckwe. OHM KHBYT HM padoTaioT 8 Cankt-Merep6ypre. Onm ceauac tam M Haxoaatca. Onér Opnos paGoraer B cbupme "Jlena’. ViGuxyc [pa - aMepukaney m xKxuBéT B Awepue. ge oH ceauac Haxoqutca? OH ceauac 8 CaHkT-Metep6ypre B TocTmnue "Mpu6antwicKas”. A oui? Kro abi? Boi amepukanubi. [ae sbi xuséTe? Bei KuBETE B Amepuke. A re abi ceaac HaxoquTeck? Bui HaxoguTech 8 Poccuu, 8 Capatose, 8 cavaTopwm "Anmas". Bei cenuac xuBéTe 3nec. Bol sHaeTe, rao HAaXOAMTCA CaHaTOpMa "Anwas"? OH B ueHTpe ropoga? Her. A re sbi paSoraete? Bui pasoraete 8 Kopnyce Muipa. Bui sononTéps: Kopnyca Mupa. Bei népebia pas 8 Poccun? B Caparose? -12- Unit 23 129CS Fill in the blanks. L. 4 5 1. 10. 11. HG6uxye 5 . pecropase — womepe Mockse Caparose Ou suqnt » nomepe maruutopo Teaecbou my 6or naBo B nomepe ects renedou. MGuxyc Moxer au ormexare pasorats exare WG6uxyc nacroamni 7 nepenogvak — aupexTop etygent Ousnecmen Cerogus oratix. Focnogwn Cpun moxet , asaprpa om Gyper: A (a) (6) (a) paGorars ant ropopats orasixars (6) ropoputs —otauxath porate wat Saprpa e RecaTe ero Gyaet xAETE 5 noesa canonét sauna semonan Oner Opaon mpomserca 4 roBoput: 7 Mo sasrpal Sapascrayitre! Tpuser! Toca! ‘Mo acrpeuu! W6uxye exqur semogan. Ito semogan? nau ee ero pau Sro vemunan Haraasu Kosanéeoi w oro ___ new. ero ee nau pam Tana Hatamm cxopo Gyger ® rocrauunue # nact HOuxycy wemonan, pau et nau ero Oner Opnos u Harawa : pycexue aMepuKanust © yKpaMHust -123- Unit 2.3 130BS Fill in the blanks. B roctauaue. Ham_ snakomme 5 Homepe. M6uxyc pan. 370 nomep. Ou Bagz__ B Homep_ tenetou. Mpexpacu_! Ox mox__ paGorars. HM om Gyn__ pa6orams Emy uyxant myst, wanku Bonka. OH Hacrosim__ OusHecmen. A reneox paGora__? Ou nactoamui? Konewo, na. Ox xe Moxer ae pa6ora._ 8 rocramuy_ "“IIpuGantuiicxaa". Oranduo! Kak_ _ mporpamma na cerogua? Ceromua —omanix. Hacrosm_ _ otmsix. Tocnomun Tpan moxer orqbixa_ _. Tipexpacno! A xakas nporpaMM_ wa sasTpa? Saprpa onWHHaqNaTs Moms - Hon» Gyl__ weMoucrpauua mogene B bupm_ "Jena". Sasrpa Monxyc we Gyn. _ omppixars. Ox 6yner paSora__. B pecats rpumuams ero 6yq__ xHaTb Mamuna sHusy. Onn coGmpa.___ exate 8 dmpm_ ua Mamma_. Ortawao! Ozer Opmos npoma__ _a. Yro ow ropop_ _? "flo ceagauua?", "Jlo scrpew_?" uan "Jo saptpa?". On we rosopat: "Moxa". Ox rosopat: "lo saptpa!" M6uxye [pan acé nows_. Oner Opnos nparnama__ ero wa oGex, Quen» xopouio! ~~ 131 Unit 23 callTuanoru, 1. = Anno! 910 Haraua? = Her. Sto eé mama. A kro 370? ~ 3ro ef nossiit amepuxaucknii apyr HOuxyc. Cxmxsire, noxanyiicra, Harama yoma? - Her. Harawa ua pa6ore. — Cxaxcure eit, x70 1 anomut. Korga ona 6yneT noma? - Moxker Gprte, B 7 4acos. - Xopomio. Cnaca6o. Hzsnmire. 2. = Cxanatre, xro Bat? — Mbi amepuxannn. ~ Due est xapére? Bur xunére w Amepuxe? ~ Da, mer annem B Amepuxe, = A rye sii ceirsac naxogurecs? — Mp1 waxogumea a Poccan, 8 Capatose, 8 canaropau "Asma". Mii celiac acnoém spect. = Bur snaere, re naxomurca canatopnit "Aamas"? On ueurpe ropona? - Her. — A re Bet paGoraere? ~ Msi paGoraem » Kopnyce Mupa. Mut soxontéper Kopnyca Mupa. ~ Bui nepsbuii pas B Poccuu? B Caparose? ~125- Unit 23 1323. - Hapumire, sit we cxaxere, rae taxdanrea canaropuii "Aamas"? (a) — 310 na 6-olt Hesnol. (6) ~ A Kax Tyna exaTs? ~ Bui Moxere exars Tyna wa Tpampae HoMep TpH. (a) ~ A rne ocranonxa? — Bou tam. ~ Cnacn6o. — He 3a uro. Words for substitution: (@) novra, mania, marasna, pecropax (6) wa yaaue Kupona, wa ysmue Yanaesa (2) Ha anroGyce Homep pecaTs, Ha TpomeliGyce HOMep wecTHaquaTE ~126~ Unit 23Situations. 1. You have lived in the "Voiga" hotel for 2 days already. You like the hotel and your room. Call your family in America and describe the room you live in, 2. You are an American businessman. Call your Russian counterpart and ‘find out the schedule for tor 1orrow. 3. You have taken someone's suitcase by mistake in the airport. There is a visiting card in the suitcase. Call the owner of the suitcase. Supplementary mate: BX Fill in the blanks. B rocranune. Hamm sua,___e » u____e. WOmxyc p__. 310 e__ nomep, On paa__ Bt On MW RYKHBE Wb, mL Gees K. _a mpo_ Ma Ha cero_ eee engaore x: ace aw La. TL ane ome, 8 are To_-___ 0! A kK /__# mn __pamma ua 3a__pa? __at__ B __--Maquare Homs-oms = _ _meT 8 crpauus Monenefi p cupme ‘Jlewa". Sas__a W6u___ we __ er Seon ars. Ou 6y__t paGor__». B ecats TpaauarL e_ Gyaer xX__Th Ma__wa B__ay. O__ co__ ares cxaTs 6 -127- Unit 2.3gully wa ML Oxer Opaos np_maercs. Yro om r___pat? “flo com _ » Ho ser__ nw?" mam "lo 3. _pa?". On we rol. lar "M1 _a". Our_p_p_r "ZL serp_!" H6_x_c Tp_a net naan. Oxer Opson mp_ra_m_ er Ha o6_f. O4_ne x_p_mo! “ro W6nxyc s_a_r 8 s_M_pe? B_rmr_pa. Br xp_ a0. Bor ox__. A sro cr. m _ ys, Mix. Cath « 477 oman ocr, Bot pam, M_ m0 _r7_xatp. _oxa_ -fars, A soT mH_a_Ho. __3b_a - 970 mp_xp_cuo! A sor w tame. Yo 970? S70 wMa_m. 910 ero _ _mogan? Her, 9To we _ro aem___u! 310 we ero __um! 910 He myx___e sem! Sto xen. _e sm! A rpe ero ~.0_au? [ne ero em? Yro oro? 370 ____ a aa kap___ka.... Ht_apa C_pr__sua Kopas_oa. upma "JIEHA Hamaavn Cepreeana Kooaaée Jemoncrparop onexaut mea, 355 - 14 - 97 Bro e& 4_____m. 9ro e& p__u. Ho__p e& re__ _ona... O_nu_wo! Hap e& eeo.a 355-14-97. M6___¢ ~-- HT Hite. Asso! K__ 970? 370 Haranba Ce_ _ees_a Ko_ant_a? fla, oro _ua. __awuno! _ro 4__onau y wet? Ma. Ee o__a 6__er B r____umme B __ _HaquaT 4a__s. Ox nact _my (W6uxycy) ro sem__aw, a Mu_ye my - _& —— nam. Ome xo__mo! Harama ro__put: "H6uxye - pa__ ma". Her, we M6uxyc p____na.3roeé mana p___ _ Om Gera or —-Ne B12 yacos. H WOuxye qact e_ _ e& vemonan. ~128- Unit 23 135Grammar 4 Structure 2.3.1 Amory paGorarp. 1 can work. MO4b (ceitzac) MOXEMb On (OHA) MOXET =129- Unit 2.3Exercise 1 Read and repeat: | a) Amory. A mory pa6orars. A Mory paGoratp B oduce. Sl Mory paGorate B o¢pace 3 vaca. 6) Ox MoxeT ropopxTp. Ou MoxeT roBopHTE mo-pyccKuH. Ou Moxker xopour> ropopurs no~pyccxat. B) OH MoryT neTeTD. Ona MoryT seTeTb Ha Camométe. Onu MoryT weTeTb Ha caMométe B Mocxksy. Exercise 2 Please, tell us what you can do and what you cannot. Unit 23 tonStructure 2.3.2 ee | UGukyc 3s0untr Haraue. Tbicus calls Natasha. (lit, - Ibicus phones to Natasha.) A 3BOHIO 3BOHHTb TbI 3BOHHMIB on/ona 380HUT MBI 3BOHHM BbI 3BOHHTe OHM 3BOHAT TOBOPHTh (ods (om & AQ Mw Yee Gores} Gercoaara) 9? ) Fe AAG a O® OQ! j BN -BL- Unit 2.3Komy? - To whom? Komy ssoxut U6uxyc? WGuxyc sponut Hatame. Dative Case Noun ENDINGS Komy? SINGULAR PLURAL, masc.,neut. —y (fo) —am (—s™m) W6uxycy BONOHTEpaM: fem. -e Upy3bam Harare Lap aft Komy 3Bonut Mapua? tbe Mapus 3BonurT Meany. -132- Unit 23 19aMHe | re6e emy | en HaM | BaM Exercise 1 Answer the questions: 1. Komy 3nonur M6uxyc? (Oner Merposau, Haraura, ypy3ba) 2. Komy nomoraer nepesogunta? (W6uxyc, yupextop, crysenTst) 3. Komy Bui o6nraHo 3B0nnTe? 4. Kro “aco 3noxut Bam? Komy Mapua qaput kuury? Mapua japur kuury Mpany. Komy ona xenaeT 3,0poBba? Ona xenaer 3noponps Msany. G -133- Unit 2.3 140 sadia dicks sllon Buepa| ona on Uro on fenan Buepa? Uro ona jenana Byepa? Structure 2.3.3 W6uxyc 3nonua Haraue. Ibicus called Natasha. (lit. ~ Ibicus phoned to Natasha.) + d= 3BOHHA 3BOHHTS —* 3B0) wR + Ja =| 3B0HWIa + AM =} 3BOHKIN Buepa on yntam. Buepa ona unTana. Uro onn penanu Byuepa? Unit 23 Buepa onm ynTann.Exercise 1 Answer the questions: 1. Komy Boi 330HMuM Buepa? 2. Kro gan Bam Hopbii KypHan? 3. Komy Boi nogapuau gBeTst? 4. Komy nomorana nepesoqunya? 5. Kro nomoran Bam? 6. Komy Bui nocpimamu mucbMa? -135- Unit 2.3 aA, aveosisaiStructure 2.3.4 Cxonpko Bam /tTeGe net? How old are you? _— a po. oy ( Cxomxo Mne Cone ) Ce ‘ “yee 21 = fe nn ‘ner? =) \ ” W Vey f Se fr NOTE! Use the DATIVE CASE when speaking about age! =136- Unit 23Cxompko met Uspany? Visany ypaqyaTb apa ropa. REMEMBER: I roy 2-4 roja 5-20 ner Exercise 1 Think and say how old the characters of the film are. Exercise 2 Answer the questions: 1. Ine Bot ceituac HaxoquTech? 2. Kto Bai? 3. Orxyga Bui npwexana? 4. [ye Bri xuBéte? 5. Tne Bet paSoraere? 6. Kyna Bui egere Kaxqpui ene? 7. Kowy But 3n0nnau Buepa? -137- Unit 2.3, ~ dn _3 Exercise 3 Match the questions with the answers and fill in the blanks with the appropriate verbs: 1. Pye KuBér U6nxyc? a.Ona B cbupme "JIena". 2. Ber paSoraete na 3anoge?|6. Het, Buxropy. 3. Tne paS6oraer Harama? jp. On ..... B roOcTHHuLe. 4, Onu xKuByT Ha yraye vr. Her, onm Ha yauye Pagumesa? Tlyurkana. 5. [ne Haxonutca Tearp? a. B yeutpe ropona. 6. Ona gana Gunet Meany? |e. Hert, 1 ..... B GaHke. =138- Unit 23 145Competencies: Identify various food items. Express gratitude. Structures: 2.4.1 |Axouy ects. 242 2.4.3 Viouxyc en cupl] uxonbacy. Korna Wouxye upuexan » Poccmio? 3umon. =139- Unit 2.4 146 sa deSTE TET ETT ‘Xue6 ¢ MacsIOM H COK MaHTo. Yrpo. U6uxyc Ovens xouer ects. On xKAeT ospuNMaHTKY. A BoT H ocbuuMaHTKa ¢ sapTpakom. Cet¥ac H6uxyc Gyner 3asTpakarb. Ox acerga sapTpakaer 8 8.00. Xopoumit annerur - 970 mpexpacuo! Uro om Gynet ects? Ou Gyner ects aitnd, xme6, Macao, cbip H KonGacy. Ox OveHs xOueT nUTS. UT on 6yneT nurs? Ceitadc H6uxyc 6yner mtb Kétbe ¢ caxapom u coK Maro. Sro Ovens sxycuo! Ornn4uno! Tuem Wouxyc o6énaa y Onéra Opnosa goa. Ox ex ram Gopm, KOTAETHI, KApeRBIA KapTOdbenb, canaT u3 KanycTH. Bcé Guin0 Ouexs sxycuo, On nix Tam BonKy, a moene o6€na - sai. Bewepom M6uxyc yxunan » pecropane. On scerga yxunaer B 19 wacon. On ea xne6 ¢ Macuom H cEIpom (GyTepOpom), sino, Gynouky c >KEMOM. Ox num mHBO H COK. A ‘To BbI equte Ha 3dBTpak, Ha OGen, Ha yxuH? Uo Bet u06uTe? Xorute ect? CKopo 6ynet o6éa. =140- Unit 2.4BS Fill in the blanks. L 10. Yrpo. MGuxyc ovens xouet ‘i orguixats ——paGorarb cers A porn ¢ aantpakom. nepesoquuna ocuuuanrka cTypeHtKa Wouxyc 6yner yxuaate nucate warath Ou seerga 3 8.00. saptpakaio — 3asTpakaloT aap TpakaeT On Gyner ecte i Monoxo Kove cup On Gyner nuts xne6 macao cox Dro o4eus 1 oranyno axycHo npexpacto ute UGuxye sastpakan —oGeaan yuan On ea tam : wait nso opm On mua tam xne6 canat kapropeat -141- y Onera Opsowa goma. i be aco all sanrpacars. sanTpakaem wai aituo xoAORHO paGoraa BonKy wait Unit 2.411. Besepom M6uxyc 2 5 Ww CW (a) saptpaxan Gena yexunas paGoran (6) marasune pectopane —¢bupue rearpe 12, Ow aceraa 3 19 sacon, saptpakaet — oGeqaeT yxunaer oTanixaeT 13. Owea : m0 cox mem MonoKo 14. On aun 5 HBO xae6 Macno cBIp BR Fill in the blanks, ‘Xute6 ¢ MacmoM COK MaHro. Yrpo. W6nkyc ovens xou _ ects, “On xn ocmnuantk_. A sot 4 otpmumanTk_ ¢ saBrpakom. Ceifuac Wouxyc Gyger saprpaxa__. Ou scerga saprpaka__ 8 8.00. Xopom__ annerar ~ sro mpexpacu_! Yro om Gyyer ec_ _? On G6ymer ecrs saiimo, xne6, macn_, chip m Kon6ac_. On oven xoveT n___. 4to on 6ymer m___? Cetiaac M6uxyc Gya__ murs Kotbe c caxapom u cok Mauro. 310 ___ _ axycu_! Oranuxo! ~1a2- Unit 2.4 i49[em Wonxyc o6ema_ y Onera Opnopa poma. On e tam 60pm, KoTHeTs, xapeH__ KapTocbenb, _ _ _aT m3 Kanycrsi. Bcé 66100 oveus xycuo. OR mi TaM BOmK_, a mocte o6ena - wait. Bexepom W6uxye yxwua_ 2 pecropas_. Ow scerqa yxuna__ » 19 aacon. On __ xme6 c Mactom m chtpom (6yrep____), aiimo, Gynoax_ ¢ qxeMoM. Ox ou_ mHBO & cox. A ‘ro vol em. a 3ap__ __, Wa o6em, 4a yxuH? Uro Bot m06___? Xor___ ects? Cxopo 6ya__ o6en. Twanora. 1. ~ Ho6poe yrpo! — 3apdncrayire! =Sxoxy nosderpaxars. = Yro put xovirre saxasire? = Byrep6pox c suicaom u ctipos. Candr #3 Mopkonm, Hi x1e6. = Yai, Kéepe, cox? ~ Kéde, noxinyiicra, ~ C monoKom? ~ Her, 6e3 monoxa. = Xopomis. = Cnacii6o. = 143 ~ Unit 2.4 on 22. - Bynere o6énat»? — Ta, ecam MOxHO. — Konéuno, mono. Hpoxomiire, noxdayiicra. ~ Bopur, wa, cyt Mondunii? = Axony pyccumi Gopuy, Bucpurréxe c siiném 4 xaprodbensHoe mopé. ~ Xopouid, “ro abi Gjgere nuts? Koxbsik, BOrKA, BHHG? ~ Her, cnaci6o, tombKo Kobe. Supplementary material. BR Fill in the blanks. Xune6 ¢ macoM cox Mauro. Yrpo. M6nxyc ovens _ _ _er ects, Ou Kar obunmantky. A sor a opuunantka c om. Ceitwac M6uxye a ars. Ox scerna _ _-eT B 8.00. Xopoumi annerat - o10 mpe___ wo! Yro om 6yzer ~---? O# __ er ecrs afi__, xe, mac... c_.om xoa__cy. Ou ovens ___et auth. Yro om GyneT__ __? Ceiyac M6uxyc ___et murs koe ¢ ca___om m _ Manro. 310 oveHs ____uo! Or___no! Tuem Wouxye ____ax y Onera Opaosa oma. Ox —1 Tam Go__, KOT__Tb, xapeupii Kap____mb, can__ m3 ka___tel. Boé Guino oven ____wo. Ou __a Tam BL__y. a mocae o6eqa - 4__. ~144- Unit 24 151Bewepom MOuxye ____aa p p_ —--e. On aceraa ----aeT B19 wacop. On La xe6 c¢ Lom om LL om (6ytep6poa), __uo, 6.___Ky ¢ ____om. On -1 _ 80 mH cL A bot Te wa K, Ha un? Uro ser n1o6u__? en eu -s- Unit 24Grammar Structure 2.4.1 A xouy ecth. Tam hungry. (lit. - I want to eat.) XOTETb =146- Unit 2.4gated verb + verb the infini Uo Tei xouemm AenaTs? A xouy ect. On xouer ects. MBI XOTHM eCcTB. ‘ afi} Uro on 106ur penatb? On mo6ur unTaTD. maestaed, Exercise 1 Answer the questions: a) Kyga Bai xorute exath? Kax Baul spyr xoueT ropopuTb mo—pyccKu? Tye Bot xoTute UTE? Tye Baum npy3ba xorar paSorats? Komy Bui xoture no3B0HMTE? Ha kakom 2Taxe Bur xuBETe? A Ha KaKOM XOTHTe KUTE? a) Uro Bot xorue sematb cef¥ac? (autarb, paGoTare, OTHbIXaTe) ~147- Unit 2.4 154Structure 2.4.2 W6uxyc en ceipo u KonGacy. Ibicus ate cheese and sausage. ACCUSATIVE CASE Kyya? | Yro? | Koro? Where to? What? Whom? A wy Bocuco. 51 uuraro «ypHang. A su06mo Vsana. Aupy wa paSory. Auwraora3zery. A mo6m0 Haranry. Uro on pemaet? RB On uutaet. Uro on uuTaeT? ES EF ALP Ou unTaeT Ou autaeT On untae x*ypHano. — | KHUry. TCbMO. 148 - Unit 24 155 vied llKR os HET = JIOBMTS (+ KOTO) Mena | Teoa ero eé Hac | Bac i ux Exercise 1 Answer the questions choosing the appropriate word: a) ro ex U6uxyc » nomepe? MacslO AiO ToKeM, Kom6aca Maco ceIp 6) Uo naa H6uxyc? MOMIOKO coK uait BOAKa Boa MBO B) Uro unran M6uxyc p camonére? TlucbMO 2kypHas kuura razeta = 149- 186 Unit 2.4eel Exercise 2 Replace the singular by the plural: W6uxyc suger Exercise 3 Give the correct form of the pronouns in the parenthesis: A xjan Buepa (ona) B mapKe. SH mo6m0 (thi). Ox xouer npurnacnrs (mi) B TeaTp. Mb Gygem 2KnaTb (OHM) Ha BOK3aNIe. TIpenogapatem yuur (BEI). Harauia Byyena (0H) B odpce. = 150- Unit 2.4 157Structure 2.4.3 W6uxyc npuexan 3 LO Ibicus arrived in winter. Uro aro? (Kaxoii cesou?) - What season? Korga? - When? Sto 34a. ST0 BecHa. | Korma? - Becuoit. Sto meTo. STOo ocens. Kora? — 3umoii. Korga? - Jlerom. Korma? — Ocexpro. -1S1- on oo Unit 2.4Ste avi Korga W6uxyc npuexan 8 Poccmo? Kora qoxknb upét? Korza Teno Ha ynuue? Kora Bst mo6ure oTgbixaTh? Tye But mo6ure orpixat? Ceituac yrpo. Cetiruac len. AYO A Korya? - Yrpom. Kora? — ném. Ceituac Beep. Celiuac Houb. Korna? - Beuepom. Kora? - Housto. Korga Bui sasrpakaete? Korga Bui yxunaete? Uto Bot qenaere quem? Korga Boi crmre? -152- Unit 2.4 159Exercise 1 Answer the questions choosing the appropriate word: 1. Korga But npuexamu B Poccu10? (34Ma, meTO, OceHb, BecHa) 2. Tye Bur 3aBrpakaaM ceroqua yTpomM? (rocrmuuua, 10M, pecropan, Kate) 3. Uro Bui emu? (xne6, chip, KonGaca, aio, Kamla) 4, Uro Bui nana? (4a, Mon0Ko, Boga, COK) 5. Uro Bui qenaete ceituac? (auTaTb, roBOpATS, NucaTb, ryiaTb) 6. Uro Bui xorute penars ceiiuac? (uaTaTb, rOBOPHTb, eCTb, OTALIXATE, MeTe) 7. Uro But watTamm Buepa BeYepoM? (ncbMo, ra3eTa, KypHan, KHura) 8. Komy Bui Gygete 3BOHHTE cerogua BeYepOM? (apyr, aupexrop, noppyra, apy3ba) 9. Uro Bp xoTHTe JenaTb ceroqHa BeYepoM? (paGoratb, rynaTb, CMOTpeTb TeeBM3Op, CYMIaTb MY3bIKY) ~153- Unit 2.4 160Competencies: Identify local currency by name and value. Compare locai currency to US money. Describe food needs. Locate places to buy food. Select food (price, container, size, quantity). Structures: 3.1.1 [Mue nyxno/nano xynmre x71e6. 3.1.2 [Mie ayacto kymnrs aniorpannt cuipa. B 3.13 | Ckonsko cront x1e6? 300 pyGneit. Unit 3.1A xoyy ects. But xoniire ects? Bam yxno Kymin mponjxrss? Xopomo! Pye 2st MoxerTe KYMTE mpopyKTét? Koueano, B MarasHne Hin Ha pEInKe. Tam Hy kunt péuera, Y Bac ects penera? [onnapet am pyOmn? CxombKo? 207 20 pommapos — 370 oTmHHO, HO B Marasune H Ha pEIHKe BaM Hy>KHI pyOsH. 1 poanap — 9ro 2000 py6new. Hy:kHo nomensits Bauru 20 ponnapos. ¥ Bac 6yner 40000 py6ne#. Oratano! Moxxo HATH B Marasio# H Ha PbTHOK, Bam nykeu x1e6? Xopouto! Msi upém # xneGuniik marasum. Ppe o# naxoqurca? Pye waxojurres xneOubit MarasHH? Ou nenaseKo. Bam Hy:KHO agit mpsao ya knaprina m nosepHyr Hanpaso, Dror marasim nassiBderca "Byaouuaa". 3yeck mponaior xne6, 6yIKH H neveHbe. Bot moGwre neveHLe? But xorirre kymuins Gensut xne6, sépapui xie6 u mevenbe. Mpopasen, cnpammpaer: "CKOmbxo Bam x7é6a # ckOnbKo nevénba?" A Bur cnpammpaere: "CkOmbxo 3T0 cront?" Byxanka Genoro xné6a cronr 400 py6néi, Syxauxa vépaoro crour 200 py6neli, a masa neséuba — 350 py6net. Bam ay.kna Gyxanka Genoro xne6a, nonGyxauKu épHoro xneé6a H gue nauKn neiéubs. CkombKo 310 crout? Sto ctour 400 + 100 + 700 = 1200 py6né#. Ormn4no! Bam ny:xuni stiia, Mac0, MONIOKO, KOMpe, caxap, Ko16aca, chip? Tye Bat MOxeTe KynuTs 3TH mpopyKTbI? Bui MOXKeTe KYHUT ITH MPORyKTEI B marasine “Tponjcrat”. Tae waxoqurea warasiin “TIpoxjret"? 310 panos -155- 162 Unit 3.1 4eS ARN RS I ¢ “Bynosuoi". Ba By>kHo KymiTE nomki6 KonGaceI, TpucTa rpaMM cEtpa, HecaTOK aHM, GYTEUIKY MoNOKa, 6auKy Kode u GauKy mxéma. CKOMEKO 370. crowr? 3ro cromr 8500 py6nen. Osount u qppykrst npoaror Ha painke. Bam Hy:kHO KyniTs OBO H eppyxrin? Ja? Bam nyoxno ara wa pemox. Ou Oxo mipKa. Ber MoxeTe KYUHTE TaM sO.10KH, rpyum, BHBOrpan, apSy3, TOMAOPBI, OTypHEL, KapTouIKy, MOpKOBb. XA Fill in the blanks. 1, Bui xorure cers. But uaére 3 asponopr Ha soK3an BMarasun Ha peHOK 2, Bearasuwe "Mpoayxts” Bu moxere kynuTe 5 marnntorou wemonat kpecto npoayxrst . BMaraaane a ¥a punke nyxust 7 newprn x1e6 acto cox osomm 4, Bet uaére noxynarh xae6 5 Ha pettox b warasnu *IIponyKrst” 8 xneGuni MarasHH 5. BxaeGnom marasaue we mpogawr ____. xne6 newenbe macro kapromxy 60K ~156- Unit 3.1 tna6. Byxanua Gexoro x1e6a cront pySxei. pera ueTmpecra —naecor 7. Byxanxa sépnoro xne6a crour py6nea. neecri cpaera mectscor Tayua nesensa crout py6neit. mpectH naTERecAT ‘cpuera nategecat aatecot 9. Barasane "Mponysrsi" Bu moxere kynute 5 (a) (6) a) nasky 6) xne6a Ganxy aan GyrsaKy kouer Gyxanxy koe necatox meema xopooKy MonoKa BS Fill in the blanks. A xouy ect. Bam myx__ x7e6? Xopouo! Mer aném » xzeGH__ marasux. Ine On nepanexo. Pe waxomures xneOubti Mar. Bam uyKH_ MATH MpaMO BA XBapTana M MOBepHYTS waNpaso. Dror Marasum HassiBaetes "“Bynowaa", Specs mponaior x__6, GyaK_ wi neveuse. But m06___ nevenbe? Ber xo____ xynare Gen__ "CkombKo xne6, vépx__ x1e6 a mevemse. MIponasen cnpauupa Unit 3.1Bam xeGa ckonbKO nevemsa?" A Bet cnpamusa___: "Ckom«Ko oro cro__?" Byxanxa Genoro xne6_ cro__ 400 py6n__, 6yxauka s&puoro cro__ 200 py6nelt, a maka ueveuba — 350 pyO___. Bam nyu Gyxanka Gemoro xne6_, non6yxanku sépuoro xneGa um gue nauK_ evens. CkombKo 910 _____ ? Bro crour 400+ 100+700=1200 py6___. Orso! Amaxoru. Y npmnapxa. At the counter. 1. ~ Ckamaire, noxamyiicta, 6yn04KH caeKHe? - Cnéxne, caexne, ~ Tp 6yno%Ku u nonosimy 4épuoro. 2, = Ckombxo crout 37a Kopo6Ka? - Hare narecor. = Mue xopé6xy Kompér, nanny kérbe u topr. Cxommko 310 crown? - Hecate te1ca4 ppecrn. ~158- Unit 3.1 165Y xaccsi. At the cashier's. 1. = Tecate Tees precra. - B xaxoit omen? ~ B népastii. 2, = [ecate te1ca4 qpectn 3a KondpeTEH, Kore u TOPT. Supplementary material. BS Fill in the blanks. SA xoyy ects. Bu xorure ____? Baw uyxno K____b mponyxrs? Xopomo! T__ Doi MOXKe__ KJNHTS mposykrit? Ko___wo, B Mara____ WH Ha peIEK_ Tam nyxepr ab. Y Bac ecms ge__ru? Jlonnapet umm ___au? Ck___Ko? 20720 yom___o8 - 910 or___Ho, Ho ame Hw __ pK BaM HyxHBI py6__. 1 gommap - sro 2000 pyGxei. Hy__o nom__sT Baum 20 ponnapos, Y Bac yer 40000 py6neti. O_n_wol M__ao m__ 8 Ma___MH H Ha p_ Bam __sen x__6? Xop__o! -— waxom__ca? T__ naxogurea B_M BYKHO H__M MP_MO MBa KBap_ — H___saetca "Bysoman". Syece mpo___t x. 1 e. Bui moOu__ n_____e? __ xommre xy__ 6 m nesense. Tponasen, cmpanoma_ om___s 2" A Bot copaunma_ =159- Unit 3.1 1661200 py6reit. Bam Hy-kmbI a__a, Mac.,_, MONO__, KO__, ca__p, KO__aca, c_p? Tye Bet Mome__ © __mre oTm ___pyxmmi? __ Momere Ky__m om mpo__ mst B Marascwe "IIpomykrst”. pe ma_ _qurca Ma_ _sHH "TIponyxrsr"? Sro payom ¢ "Bynomoa". Bam u__u° xymms nomkni0 KOM__cbi, TpHcTa rpaMM Compa, NecaToK _wu, 6y__mky M_a_Ka, 6__xy pies a Oey) wou Cee 0 970 ¢___1? 3m 8500 py61ei. Oso. Mm py__t ___taor ua pom. Bam __xgi0 K__uTe Lum w ___kre? Ja? Bam nyxno ua_u ma pemiox. Ox oKOO HA_Ka. Bet Moxe__ KYMHTb TaM __HOKH, Tp__m, ____rpam, __6y3, TO__AOpBI, O__ mt, ___Toumy, ___KoBb, ~160- Unit 3.1, 167Grammar Structure 3.1.1 Mue ayxuo/Hago KynuTh x1e6. Emy HYXHO ONT a3bIk. Efi najo exatp B Mocxsy. Ou jomken = Emy Sao wayyaTe PYCCKHit #3BIK. ~161- 163 Unit 3.1 3i ( Vigan fonKeH YATATE Ca) S aHruMackue TeKCThI. Emy 4yKHO SHTAaTb anraulickue KHHTH 4 oKYpHasbl. Exercise 1 Open the bracketes: @ (Ona) nyxkHo B3aTb Kara. (1) Hago mesnoHnTe apyry. (Baxrop) nyxxHo noMenaT® ponzapst. (Onn) nao uaTa 8 ocpuc. (Mp1) HyKHO Kyn@T KoH(eTEI. Exercise 2 Please, say what you need to buy if you have to: a) exats B Mocksy; 6) scrpeuars rocreit; B) 3aBTpakaTb. -162- Unit 3.1Structure 3.1.2 SS Exercise 1 Complete the sentences using the nouns on the right in the appropriate form: 1 packs a KYM KHAOrpaMM 6. PF MsICO MONOKO’ CAXAP Macno *BIOKH PBIBA 2. Taitre, nloxkanyitcra, { KOH@ETEI Gyrsinky ...... CUPAPETE: ™BO com ; MACIO 3. Ha purpaue msi BHAUM YA CAXAP NaUKH ...... __ ee Exercise 2 Fill inthe blanks with the words from the list bellow: 1, Taitre, noxaayicra, mpe ..... caxapa, TpH ..... Kouer Howe BapeHba. 2. Mue nyxkuo kynurs ..... mailonesa, ..... comm 4 nate cmuyex. 7 4 3. Cerogua a kymuna ..... Koge, ..... COKa H ...., capnun. 4. Ox naarur 3a gpe MouoKa. : (im Ve ee HANKA KOPOBKA ——~___ -163~ Unit 3.1salt saai ell Cxompko yero? - How much/many of what? CKONbKO? Xypen 1(ommn) 2KypHanO. _ | ry 2(mea) 3(TpH) A(aertipe)| 2(nBe) 3(rpa) 4(sersipe) Y A Teneo okypHana KHErB = =| S(t), ... 15(rormATS), + 20(apamaM)|S(THATE), 15(namaquaTe), a» 20(pBaLAT) 2oKypHanoOB xoro ~164- Unit 3.1 1mStructure 3.1.3 CxombKo crouT xne6? 800 py6neit. Exercise 1 Answer the following questions: CKOmBKO CTOUT KOpo6Ka cnHueK? Cxoapxo crour Topr? Cxonxo crout 6uner B Mocxsy? CkonbKO CTONT KMNOrpaMM CbiIpa? Exercise 2 Use the questions words rye? kya? komy? ckombKO? 410? in the following sentences: 1. Cxaxute, noxanyicra, ..... BbI KyMMM 9TOT TOpT? 2. Ckaxkure, noxanyiicra, Kaccy? TaTHTb AeHET: : BaM WIM B 3. CKaxkute, noxamyicta, MarasHHe? - Mpoqaror B 9TOM 4, Ckaxkure, noxkamyitcra, sees CTOHT KMNOTpaMM BHHOrpaya? 5, Ckaxute, moxanyicra, .. . MOXKHO KYMMTb pbi6y? - 165 - Unit 3.1 ireCompetencies: Give and follow directions. Select a clothing item. Identify colors. Structures: 3.2. [Yre6a xopouutl myx. 3.2.2 [WOuxye auraer Kamry. [pan noxynaer nonapoxQ . Oua xouer myxka - Gusnecmena, 166 - Unit 3.2Xopoma Mama, 7a we waura. Tocnoauu Ipuu xopomo nosanrpaxas. Tenéps on moxer paGérars. Xopomd paGorars nocne xopomero sastpaxa. Kakaa mporpamma wa ceroqua? Cerdqua rocnoqua [pun ener 8 cbupmy "Jima". Tam Gyner nemoucrpayua monenei. Tam GyneT Muoro xKpacwBex >%xéHMuH. OTauaHO! H6uKyc oueus pan! CkoapKo spemena? [lécath tpuquate. Mauna yxe xnéT W6uxyca suusy. Emy nyxno éxars suns, Ou upér x aucry. Dye auct? Caesa? Cupasa? Jur cnpapa. Amepukanckuit Gusuecmen ugér B auct. Koro om augur Tam? On sigur Monomsix 4 KpacHBLIX pycckmx >xKéamuMH. Onna éHIHHa B KpacHBow myGe. El tenao. Kyna onm ényt? Hanpaso? Hanéso? Koneauo, uer! Mut énet TOmbKo Beepx kau Buus! Ceftuac aur éner puma, U6uxycy uyxno éxaTh Hua, xenmunam HyaxHo éxaTe BEES. Tae waxoqutca x%¢HMMHa B KpacHBOH u HOBOH my6e? Ona caésa, Kakaa xpacusaa wySa! Kakaa kpacupaa xenmuna! Eé wy6a Kpacizaa, Honan, Ovens ténnaa H Ovens poporas, CKombKO oud crout? Oud crour aga Munnnona pyOaei, CkoaBKO-cKOmbKO? Tea muamuona py6aéi! Huvero ceGe! Oraiunas my6a! Sro nonapox e& myxka. Ox scerga et Take nokynder. Xopournit -167- Unit 3.2 274— nonapox! WM myx eé xopoumi. Ornuauerit myx! Ou Guanecmén. Eé nonpyra Toxe xo4er Taxylo KpacuByio, HOBy!o, OueHs TénAyIO w poporyio my6y. Van taxoro myxa? WU my6y, a Myxa. Taxoro xopourero My>ka Hayo acKaTs. Pye? BR Fill in the blanks. Xopoura Mama, na se wama. The waxoqutca KenmMH_ B Kpacunoi m Hono my6e? Ona cnesa, Kaxaa xpacus__ mya! Kak__ kpacupaa xeumun_! Eé wyGa xpa___as, HoB__, O¥eHB __ _nas H O¥eH popor_ _. Cxombxo ona cTo_ _? Oma crouT Ba MHanHoHa pyOr_ _. Ckoabxo ~ ckombxo? Jaa Munau__ _ pyGzeit! Huvero ceGe! Orawin__ uty6a! Sro nogapox e& myx_. On scerga ei Taxue nokyna__. Xopom__ — uogapox! M myx e2 = _ _pomiuit. Oranu__ myx! Ou Ousuecmen. E& monpyra Toxe xos_ _ rakylo Kpacua__, _ Bylo, oveHb TEnn__ 4 _ _poryio wy6y. Vina taxoro Myx_? Wi my6_, « myxa. Takoro xopout_ Hago uckats. Tye? uy Unit 32Taanorn. 1. Vasunure. Ene mgr? ~ Vimite npamo, Honeparite nanpano. Tam 6yser andr. ~ Pye aucpr? Cueva? ~ Her, ner. Judpr 6yner enpasa. 2, -Vispumure, Bam ssepx? - Her, mne Bins. — Mue roxe suns. ~ Pecropax sHH3y? — Ha, nunsy. 3, — Mapunire, rae naxogutes pecropan? - Cnesa or andra. - Bomsmide cnacn60. ~ He 3a To. 4, Visemmire, cxomxo crout my6a? - 31a, cnpapa? - Her, ta, cnesa, - Benas? - Her, sépuas. = 2 muon, ~169- Unit 3.2 785. = Ax, kakoit xpacupbuit caurep! ~ a. Orawno. Ovens rénresi, Ho 64enb Roporoil. = CxénbKo crour? 100 Teten3. — Ot, kax oporo. — Ha. 3a xopdume peur wago naatuTe. 6. -Mssumire, x10 970? = 3ro xpacnpbuit pycckuit camosap. — Cxompxo crout? - 10 THe, - Cnuci6o. A 310 sro? ~ Sto Oven kpactasie A0%KKR. — Cko.mKo ont croat? — Onna nOxxka crour 2 TEIeaWH. ~ CnacuGo. A Gepy tpx. -170- Unit 32 toy© Complete the dialog. a. — Visnmnmre, cxomsxo crour m1y6a? — Her, Ta, cnepa. - Her, stpuas. ~ Olt, xax joporo. = 3ro xpacupoit ceurep. = Da, ove Tenth. — Her, ne ovens joporoti. 2 — 80 THca. = Her, aro we foporo. 3a xopoume new Hao naaTHTE, -1n- Unit 3.2"O stach qusion and ners 1. Ckomko crow uy6a? 2. Te waxomeres pecropan? 3. Sro noporoi cprtep? 4. But Gepére? 5. Tne marasmn? Jlanexo? 6. Uno 310? 7. Tae andr? 8. Sror camosap crour 100 ‘TeIcH4. "Q stach ne vorts 1. nosepunre 2. cnepa 3. ckomKo 4. xpacussiit 5. pyccxmt 6. oporas 7. ware Unit 32 a, Cuena or supra. 6. JIncpr 6yner cnpaza. B. Ta, « Gepy 970 natse. T. 3ro KpacuBbie 02KKH. 4% Oit, Kax yoporo. e. 80 Tatea. x, Jloporoi, no Tenant. 3. Her, we nanexo. Hyurre mpsnso, TIOTOM NoBepHHTe Hanpaso. _ 6. nr Ky -1n- or anpra courep camozap my6a pao wanpazo ctontseees all wsevHMTe cnpaea: uépHan wy6a cnesa Senan Situations. 1. You walk into the elevator. You need to go to the restaurant, but you don’t know where it is. Up or down. Try to get the information from the people in the lift. 2. You are in a shop. You want to buy a warm red scarf. Find out its price. -1B- Unit 3.2Supplementary material. BS Fill in the blanks. oe Mawa, na we ____. Tocnoaus pan xop___ mo_______ ax, T.___» on Moxer p___—_ b. Xopomo pa6ora__ a___e ___omero 3a____wal Kawase na c___aua? Ceronsa ro. _omus. [pwn e___ 5 dmpmy ‘Jiena". Tam 6_ _ _r MeMoHCTpanHa © Mogenet. Tam GyneT M___O xKpac_ _wIx wen __. Oranyno! U6axye ___ _ Pe co ° spemenn? JlecaTh tTpuqyars. —-a yxe xgér MOuxyca B__3y. E__ yxe nyxuo exars p__3. Ox w__t x amgry. Tre 2_ Ca___? Cn___a? _- cmpasa — Omsnec___ umér B aur. Koro on RMT MO__ABIX Mm KP__uBBIX pyccKHX Onna xeH___a B xpac____ m___. Ea ren__. Kya onm e__1? Ha__ so? Ha__p0o? Ko___uo, uer! Mupr eget T____0 _____ mmm ____! Ceiinac emer ____. WOuxycy nyxno ____ BYKHO exaTh _ BHM3, H >KeHUIMHAM Tle HaxO_ _ _c# *_HUL_LH_ B K_a_w_of Hm HOBO my6e? Ona c__sa, Kaxas xpacusaa __6a! Kaxaa xpacnnaa x al 6& wy6a xpacupaa, wo__a, oven Te__aa u ~ Aporia Clio © ona crout? Ona apa ManaHoHa _ Ckoabko - ckoako? [[pa muanuona py6neh! Husero cee! O.__ uaa wy6a! 3ro eé mywa.On sc___a eis takwe noxynaer. Xopoumit n____ _x! Mi myx ef xo____it. OL____ sit myx! On _u_ue_me_. Be mompyra Toxe _____ Taxyio xpa____.. ) HO.) omen» ne my6y. Maa taxoro ____? M my6y, == -omwero Myxka Ha ucKate. T__? -14- Unit 3.2eseen ig Grammar Structure 3.2.1 Y re6a xopommit Myx. Y MeHs €CTb KypHal. y HAC. Y Hac ecTb xKypHall. - £3 Y Te6s ecTb xKypHal. os (Ye) Y Bac ecTb xKypHall. -175- Unit 3.2 falls dewy KOTO? KTO? o@ ees SS)Exercise 1 Answer the questions: Uro y Bac ects? a) B CyMKe; 6) B KapMmane; B) B KOMHaTe. Exercise 2 Match the words: Model: craxan | Boga > cTakaH BOJbI xycox | myx ranctyk | cecrpa MHCbMO | CBIP HoMep | ropoq yauka Temedou yeutp | MomoKO newb | orppix -171- Unit 3.2Structure 3.2.2 W6uxyc uuraer kuury. pun noxynaet nogapoxO. Ona xoueT Mya — Ou3HecMeHa. Uro on qemaerT? Ou uuraer. Ou unraer... unrepecubiit | auTepecuyio | untepecnoe | unrepecumre oxypHanQ. rasety. coobuenue, HOBOCTH. ~178- Unit 3.2urate uo? ~ Read what? SioGuts Koro? ~ Like/love whom? ACCUSATIVE CASE i oes Koro? Yrot (animate) (inanimate) Acc. =GEN. Acc. =NoM. 2 an] Ero A eee (OH) cnopaptL] | crynenTa _ NIMCbMO ero BX (oH) canes Mope raseTy LS nmecHto (OHA) TetpageL] cTyfeHTKy -179- Unit 3.2 « aAccusative Case Noun ENDINGS (SINGULAR) Koro? Yro? ANIMATE INANIMATE, masc., neut. ACC. = GEN. masc.,neut. ACC. =NOM. = BCTpeTuTs ppyra = KymuTs xxyprant] WITH 43 Mara3HHa 9T0 xypHanL) fem. ~y (-10) KYHTS KHHTy BCTpeTHTb cecTpy REMEMBER! TeTpayb naowWalb MaTb do not change in this case (exeption). = 180- Unit 3.2Koro m106nt? Anam mo6ut Esy. A+E=@ Exercise 1 Complete the sentences using the word wich are the parenthesis in the appropriate form: 1, Ou xouer xynnrs (uty6a). 2. Ona yBuyena (yom). 3. Ha sbicrapxe mpoyator (kor). 4, Ox m06ur (seByuiKa). 5. Mbt Haya (qen0). 6. Mei 3Haem (6u3Hecmen). 7. Ona xouer (Myx) H (ury6a). 8. Ou nogapua e& (nogapok). ~181- Unit 3.2 oO oo Epa mo6ut Agama.