Instructional design is a practice that involving the learning experience which make

acquisition of the knowledge and skill more efficient and effective. It have three
basic functions that are identifying outcome of instructions, development of
instruction and evaluations of effectiveness of instructions. By learning this unit, I
can use the instructional design models such as ADDDIE process to make decision
about the learning experience and learning environment. Constructivist theory
stress that, the learning is an internal process that happen in mind and cannot be
observed directly from the human behavior. Human have cognitive structure and
during learning process the mind will arrange the information in the mind. Both
Constructivist and instructional design focus on, or require learner to solve problem
and understand the reason and method to reach their conclusion. Then to design
the instruction using Constructivist, trainer must encourage learner to think using
their mind to solve the learning problem. Trainer act as facilitator and they just
guiding their learner to learn step by step. The content of the knowledge must be
expand based on the learners cognitive development. It mean that, teaching from
concrete to abstract and current experience to new experience. Trainer also must
guiding their learners' to use their perception to relate their knowledge with the
environment. Beside that trainer also can guiding their student to solve the problem
with inquiry technique. Trainer also can give the relevant examples that relevant to
the topic that being teach. The example that given, then helping the student to use
their mind to make a generalization and conclusion. Trainer also must consider that
teaching the new experience must be based on learners ability and their previous
knowledge. Trainer also must encourage the learner to work in a small group so
then the learner can discuss and working together. Then the trainer guiding the
learner to use meta-cognitive and reflection to evaluate the possibilities of the
solution that given. Along the discussion also, trainer can scaffolding whenever the
learner get stuck or need help. Other than guiding the learner, trainer also must
provide the learner with the material that can help and use to solve their problem.
The suitable learning environment will encourage learner to learn much better, as
they are being more motivated to learn. In other hand, trainer also must build up
the learner intrinsic motivation. As the motivation also must be consider in learning
process.