Plumbing

Business, trade, or work having to do with the installation,

removal, alteration, or repaor of plumbing systems or parts
thereof

Plumbing system
Includes potable water bldg supply and distribution pipes, all
plumbing fuxtures and trals, all drainage and vent pipes, and all
building drains and building sewers, including their respective
joints and connection, devices, receptors, and appurtenanxes
within the property lines of the premises and shall include
potable water piping, potable water treating or using equipment,
medical gas and medical vacuum systems, fuel gas piping, water
heaters and vents for same.

Corporation cock
A valve screwed into the street sewer main to supply the house
service connection

Goose neck
Part of pipe curve like yhe neck of a goose, usually flexible

Curb stop
A control valve for the water supply of a building, usually placed
in case of emergency or should the water supply of thr building
be discontinued

Water meter
A mechanical device to measure the volume of water passing
through a pipe

Meter stop
A valve placed at the street side of the water meter and serves as
a controlling device for the building installation

Upfeed distribution system

Direct up-feed system and pneumatic air pressure system are
types of ____ water distribution system

Direct up-feed system

Water is provided by the city water companies using normal
pressure from public water main

Pneumatic air pressure system

When pressure supplied by the city water supply is not strong

enough

Downfeed distribution system

Type of water distribution system wherein water is pumped into
a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the
fixtures by means of gravity

82C
Minimum temperature for sanitizing rinse

60C
Minimum temperature for general purpose cleaning and food
preparation

41C to 49C
Minimum temperature for showers

Up-feed and gravity return

Type of installation in hot water distribution system that is
commonly used in residential buildings

Permit circulation of hot water

What is the purpose of up-feed and gravity return in hot water
distribution system?

Eliminates water waste since hot water is circulated

Why is the circulating return of up-feed and gravity in hot water
distribution system economical?

Up-feed gravity and return

This type of hot water distribution sysyem works because of the
unequal weights of two columns of heated water of uniform
height. The inequality of weight is the result of a variation in
temperature in the 2 columns

Overhead feed and gravity return

The most efficient method of delivering hot water to fixtures

Overhead feed and gravity return

Type of hot water distribution system commonly used in multistorey buildings

Overhead feed and gravity return

Type of hot water distribution system that is dependent on
natural laws governing expansion and gravity

Allows continuous circulation even if there is a mechanical

defect in the system
What is the advantage of overhead feed and gravity return?

Overhead feed and gravitu return

Type of hot water distribution system wherein operating
principle is that water rises in a closed piping. After water
reached the highest point in the system, natural forces return it
to the storage unit.

Pump circuit system

Type of hot water distribution system that is used in buildings
where it is impossible to produce a circulation of hot water

Pump circuit system

Type of hot water distribution system wherein the circulation of
hot water to the plumbinh fixture is by means of centrifugal
pump

Pump circuit system

Type of hot water distribution system wherein rotary movement
of impeller of centrifugal pump creates an even movement of hot
water flow in the pipes

Basic
Piston pumps and centrifugal pumps are ____ types of pumps

Piston pumps
Basic type of pump used on small water distribution system for
elevating water in wells or other sources

Single action
Water is drawn in with only 1 motion (piston pump)

Double action
Water is drawn in either stroke (piston pump)

Centrifugal pumps

Basic type of pump used jn tall building water distributiin. Water

is drawn into the pump and discharged with a centrifugal force.

Reciprocating pumps
Type of piston pumps with a controlled speed wherein discharge
is pulsating and changes only when the speed of the pump is
changed.

Air chamber
Introduced in reciprocating pumps to regulate pulsation

Jet pumps
Centrifugal pumps used for drawing water up from a well

Deep well jet pumps

Type of jet pumps used in high volume applications

Shallow jet pumps

For residential wells

Convertible jet pumps

Can be used for deep wells and shallow wells

Miniature pumps
Type of jet pumps used for small applications

Rotary pumps
Piston pumps that make use of a pump driver thst can discharge
900-1200 gpm. They are also more efficient for viscous fluids

Submersible pumps
Pumps designed to be fully immersible within a tank or other
media storage receptacle

Turbine pumps
Centrifugal pumps used for large applications because of their
multiple impellers

2000 gpm
Turbine pumps can discharge up to

Gate valve
Aka full way valve

Gate valve
To completely close or completely open water line. Does not
control the flow of water

Gate valve
Best suited to the main supply and pump lines wherein operation
is infrequent

Wedge shape or tapered disc and double disc valve

2 types of gate valves

Globe valve
Controls the flow of water with a movable spindle. It can reduce
water pressure. Only one side of the valve is an inlet.

Plug type disc valve

Type of globe valve for throttling

Conventional disc valve or ball type

Type of globe vale for shutting

Composition disc valve

Type of globe valve for steam.and hot water

Check valve
Main function is to prevent reversal of flow (backflow) in the line

Check valve
Swing, lift, vertical, horizontal are type of _____ valve

Angle valve
Operates same w/ globe valve (disc and seat design). Used to
make 90 degree turn in a line. Reduces a number of joints

Foot valve
Located at the lower end of pumps used to prevent lose of
priminh of tye pipe

Foot valve
Aka retention valve

Safety valve
Used in water heating systems, heating systems, compressed air
lines Nd other pipe lines with excessive pressure

Compression cock
Type of faucets/bibbs that operates by the compression of a soft
packing upon a metal sheet

Key cock
Type of faucet/bibbs that operates with a round tapering plug
ground to fit a metal sheet

Ball faucet
Type of faucet/bibbs constructed with a ball connected to the
handle

Drainage waste vent

Meaning of dwv sys

Soil drainage system

Conveys discharge of water closets or fixtures having similar
functions (containing fecal matter), with or without the
discharges from other fixtures

Waste drainage system or sanitary drainage system

Receiving liquid discharge free of fecal flow

Storm drainage system

Receives water clear water drainage fr leaders, downspouts,
surface run-off, ground water, subsurface water, condensate
water, cooling water

Vent system
Receives flow of air to provide circulation of air to protect trap
seals fr siphonage or back pressure

Upper
Cleanout should be located at ______ end of every horizontal
waste or soil pipe

22.5 deg
Cleanout located at every change of horizontal direction of not
more than..

1.5m
Cleanout located within _____ inside the property line before
house sewer connection

15m
Cleanout located at every ____ to a horizontal run of a soil or
waste pipe

2% or 2cm/m
Slope of horizontal piping toward a point of disposal

3m
Support of horizontal piping every _____

Waste pipe
Coveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter

Soil pipe
Conveys discharge of water closet, unrinal with or without
discharges from other fixtures to the building drain or building
sewer

Vent pipe
For ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for
relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals

Vent stack
Vertical vent pipe for providing circulation of air to and from any
part of the soil, waste of the drainage system

Stack
Vertical main of a system of soil; waste or vent piping extending
through one or more stories and extended through the roof

Branch
Any part of a piping sytem other than a main, riser, or stack

House/Building Drain
Lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system that receives the
discharges from the soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside of
a building and conveys it to the house sewer outside of the
building

House/Building Sewer
Extends fr the house drain at a point 0.6m fr outside face of the
foundation wall of a bldg to the junction within the street sewer

Trap
Liquid seal which prevents backflow of foul air or methane gas

Septic tank
Watertight receptacle that receives discharge of drainage system
to retain solids and digest organic matter and allow liquids to
discharge into the soil outside of the tank througj open joint
piping or a seepage pit

Private sewage disposal

Septic tank with the effluent discharging into a subsurface
disposal field, seepage pits

Roof gutter
Collector at the eaves of the building

Down spout
Vertical pipe that conveys rain water; known as conductor or rain
water

Storm drain
Receives storm.water, clear rain, or surface water

Catch basin
Receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficient period of
time to allow materials to settle to deposit

Required trap
FU rating is based on size of

0.47L/s, 28.3L/min, 7.5gal/min, 1cu.ft./min

1FU =

Common p-trap
Used for lavatories, kitchen sinks, laundry tubs, urinals;
materials nickel, chrome plated brass, galvanized malleable
copper, pvc

Deep seal p-trap

Water seal is twice the size of the common p-trap; used for
extreme conditions because resealing quality is greater

Stand trap
Used for slop sinks usually built low in the ground leaving very
little space for a foundation and a trap; serves as water seal and
structural support for the fixture

Running trap
Used within the line od the house drain

Drum trap
Large diameter (0.16m) used for fixtures that discharge large
amt of water (bathtubs, shower or floor drains)

True
True or false:
No fixtures shall be double trapped

S-trap
Prohibited. Predecessors of p-traps used before traps had to
connect to a ventilation line

The same
Size of trap shall be ____ as the trap arm to which it is
connected

51mm to 100mm
Size of trap seal of water for each fixture trap

Ventilation
To maintain balanced atmospheric pressure inside the system

Vent pipe
Pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air for
relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals

Main soil and waste vent

Backbone of entire sanitary system; connected to main soil and
waste stack; portion of the waste does not travel through

Vent stack through roof

Portion of main soil and waste vent penetrating the roof

Main vent
Principal artery of venting system to which vent branches are
connected; support to the main soil and waste vent

Main vent
Aka collecting vent line

Idividual vent or back vent

Pipe installed to vent a fixture trap, connects with the vent sys
above fixture served or terminates in the open air

Unit, common, or dual vent

1 vent pipe = 2 traps

Relief vent
Vertical line for additional air circulation bet drainage and vent
sys or as auxiliary vent for yoke vent

Yoke vent or by-pass vent

Upward fr soil or waste stacck (below floor and horizontal
connection) to an adjacent vent stack (above the floor higher
than highest spill level) for preventing pressure changes in stacks

Circuit vent or loop vent

As battery of fixtures; downstream of the last fixture connection
and turning to a horizontal line above the highest overflow level
of the highest fixture connected

Looped vent
Used in spaces without partitions; vertical vent connection on a
horizontal soil or waste pipe branch at a pt downstream of the
last fixture turning to a horizontal line above the highest overlow
level of the highest fixture connected

Wet vent
Portion of vent pipe through which water flows

Local vent
Pipe or shaft to convey foul air from a plumbing fixture or a room
to the outer air

Dry vent
Vent that does not carry liquid or water-borne wastes

Side vent
Vent connecting to a drain pipe through a fitting <=45 deg to
vertical

Vent stack
Vertical vent pipe for providing circulation of air to and fr any
part kf drainage system

32mm / 0.5
Diameter of individual vent not less than ____ nor less than
_____ the diameter of the drain to which it is connected

152mm
Each vent shall rise vertically ____ above the highest level rim of
the fixtures served before offsetting horizontaly

1 pipe size
Vstr shall be increased _____ above the connection bet stack
vent and horizontal vent

2
No. Of fixtures having same level inlet openings, may be served
by a common vertical vent pipe connected to an approved double
branch fitting

150mm / 300mm
Vstr shall terminate vertically not less than _____ above the
roof nor less than ______ from any vertical surface nearby

3m
Vent opening fr any openable window

0.9m
Vent opening above any openable window

0.9m
Vent opening fr any lot line, alley, and street boundary lines

3m

Vertical vent pipes fr any part of the roof that is used for human
activities shall be _____ and shall extend not less than ______
above such roof

10
Each soil or waste stack extending ____ or more storeys above
the building drain shall be serves by a parallel vent stack

Smaller
Size of yoke vent shall not be _____ than either soil stack or
vent stack

1m
Yoke vent connection at the vent stack shall be placed ___ above
the floor level

Trap seal loss

Direct effect of minus and plus pressure attributed by siphonage,
back pressure, capillary attraction, evaporation, wind effects

Retardation of flow
Due to effect of atmospheric pressure and/or gravity

Deterioration of materials
Due to formation of acids

Indirect waste pipes

Coveys luquid wastes by discharging into plumbing fixture,
interceptor or receptacle directly connected to the drainage
system

House traps
Placed in house drain inside foundation wall of the building

Drain tiles
Used to prevent groundwater fr seeping through the basement
walls and foundation; around perimeter of foundation connected
to house drain or sump pit

Back flow valves

Used in house drain to prevent occurence of back flows; similar
to check valves

Sewage ejectors
Pumps the wastes up fr the sump pit to the sewers usually in
basement levels

Dug well
Or shallow well; most common; dug manually 15m deep

Bored well
Similar to dug constructed using auger driven by hand or w/
power tools; <15m; >40m w/ power tools

Jetted well
Use of extreme water pressure not to affect foundations; use
suction pumps

Jetted well
Aka sand point wells

Driven well
Use iron rod; 10-15m

Drilled well
For drilling oil; 1000m

2 most common sources of contamination in well

Septic tank/leach fields and livestock feedlots

Overhead tanks
No pressure but relies on gravity to supply water

Cisterns
Rc underground and connected with a pump.to supply water

Gravity supply tanks

Used in overhead feed sys

Pneumatic water tanks

Used in air pressure sys; used w/ pump; use pressure relief valve

0.375m
Dist of WC to side wall

0.75m
Dist bet WCs c-c

Direct flush valve

Flushing action fr flush valve connected into the bowl

Reverse trap
Flushes through siphon action in trapway

Siphon jet
Larger trapway to prevent clogging and noise in flushing

Siphon vortex
Less noisy and very efficient flushing started by whirlpool
followed by complete flush

1 7/8"
Passageway in wash down

2 7/8"
Deep seal in wash down

8"x10"
Water area in wash down

2"
Passageway in reverse trap

3"
Deep seal in reverse trap

2 5/8"
Passageway in siphon jet

3"
Deep seal in siphon jet

2"
Passageway in siphon vortex

3"
Deep seal in siphon vortex

0.3m
Urinal center to side wall

0.6m
Urinal c-c spacing

0.375m
Bidet center to side wall

0.75m
Bidet c-c

2-4%
Receptor floor drain slope

559m
Width of door for thresholds

0.6sq.m
Minimum area for shower compartment

762mm
Shower heads should encompass diameter of

4.9m
Spacing of drains for gang shower rooms

1.78m
Vertical clearance of shower head to floor

Cast iron pipe

Most popular for drainage hub installation; affected by corrosion
by acid formed by carbon; used in 60s and 70s

25
Up to how many storeys for cast iron pipe?

600cm
Commercial length of cast iron pipe

50-150 mm

Diameter of cast iron pipe

Sv type
Type of cast iron pipe generally used for bldg

Xv type
Type of cast iron pipe that is extra duty used for underground
installation

Cast iron and silicon

Acid resistant cast iron pipe is made of alloy of

Acid resistant cast iron pipes

Installed in chemical lab and industrues with acid wastes

1.5m
Dist of horizontal support bet acid resistant cast iron pipes

Asbestos pipe
Made of asbestos fibers and portland cement; used as soil, waste,
ventilation pipe and downspouts; suited for concrete embedment
because of similar properties

Bituminous fiber sewer pipe

Cheapest; light in weight, slightly flexible, can take slight soil
movement; suited for house sewer and septic tank; may be
softened/damaged by excessive hot water or chemical flow

Vitrified clay pipe

One of the oldest; highly resistant to most acids

750mm
Length if vitrified clay pipe

Lead pipe
Oldest pipe; highly resistant to acids; not recommended to
convey water for human consumption

Galvanized steel pipe

Made of mild steel; 15-25 years; subject to deposits of salt and
lime

Galvanjzed wrought iron puoe

Better than steel pipe for plumbing; more resistant to acid waste

Copper pipe
Oldest pipe like lead; smooth interior surface

K type
Class of copper pipe which is heaviest recommended for
underground installations

L type
Class of copper pipe which is lighter available in both rigid and
flexible form; for residential water supply line and radiant
heating installations

M type
Class of copper pipe which is thinnest; rigid; small water supply
lines and radiany heating installations

Brass pipe
Most expensive made of zinc (15%) and copper (85%); resistant
to acids; smooth interior

Plastic or synthetic type

Germany (1935); fr synyhetic resins; superior type since it weighs
less, easy to cut, flexible smooth interior surface, cheapernthan
steel

0.002
Prohibited lead content for joints in copper tubing solders and
fluxes

Neoprene rubber rings

Seal of asbestos cement sewer pipe joints

Compression coupling
Asbestos cement sewer pipes joined by

76mm to 102mm
Enlargement considered as obstruction in joinys

4ft
Dist of supports in cast iron pipes

Friction clamps
Support the weight of cast iron pipe at each floor level

Lag shields
Made of lead to attach pupe hangets or fixtures to concrete or
masonry

Caulking anchors
Provide a fastener permanently attached to the concrete or
masonry; internally threaded to accept machine screws and bolts

Toggle bolts
Used when attaching pipes to hollow masonry units; with springoperated wings

Plastic anchors
Can be installed in smaller holes

1.5m x 0.9m x 1.2m

Min dimensions of septic tank

Cement
Most common material for septic tank

Pre-fabricated cast iron

Another material for septic tank aside from cement

2
Minimum compartments od septic tank

2/3 of total capacity or 2cu.m

Capacity of first tank

0.6m to 1.8m
Liquid depth in septic tank

1/3 or 1cu.m
Capacity of secondary compartment in septic tank

6cu.m/1.5m
In septic tanks having _____ capacity, secondary compartment
should not be less than _____ in length.

1:10
Slope in digestion chamber of septic tank

2
Min no. Of manholes in septic tank

508mm
Min dimension of manhole in septic tank

Over inlet and outlet

Location of manholes in septic tank

3.7m
If first compartment in septic tank exceeds ______, an
additional manhole is reqd over the baffle

True
True or false
Inlet and outlet pipes should not be less than the sewer pipe

104.6mm
Diameter of vertical legs of inlet and outlet pipes shall not be less
the sewer pipe nor less that _____

101.6mm/304.8mm
Length and location of inlet and outlet in septic tank shall extend
____ above and ______ below water surface

50.8mm
Dist of inverts of outlet and inlet pipes

House sewer
Vent diameter is equal to cross sectional area of

228.6mm
Air space in septix tank
According to the Standards of Practice, the inspector is
required to _______ all the toilets.
Flush

T/F: The inspector is required to light or ignite pilot lights.

False

T/F: The inspector is not required to determine whether the

water supply is public or private.
False

T/F: The inspector is required to determine the existence of

polybutylene plumbing in a home.
False

ABS stands for __________.

acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

The unobstructed vertical distance through the free

atmosphere between an outlet and the rim best describes
___________.
an air gap in the drainage system

Air-admittance valves protect traps from _________.

siphonage

The vertical, upper portion above the top-most fixture through

which gases and odors escape the sanitary drainage system,
carrying no liquids or solids, best describes __________.
a vent stack

A lavatory is __________.
a bathroom or washroom sink

A __________ is an anchoring ring secured to the floor, and

a toilet is secured to this ring with bolts.
water closet flange

A toilet or commode is referred to in plumbing standards as a

________.
water closet

The flow of liquids in potable water distribution piping in

reverse of its intended path caused by back-siphonage or backpressure best describes ________.
backflow

Hot water is ___________.

water at a temperature of 110 F or higher

There should be a space of at least _______ in front of the

water closet, lavatory and bidet to any wall, fixture and door.
21 inches

Closet bolts are often made of ______ because they resist

corrosion.
Brass

The waste from an automatic clothes washer must discharge its

water through a(n) ________ into a standpipe or into a
laundry tub.
air break or air gap

If a standpipe for an automatic clothes washer is used, the

standpipe and its trap should be at least ___ inches in
diameter.
2

Plastic bathtubs are made with _________ in case of

accidental exposure to a plumber's torch.
fire-resistant chemicals

An exterior window at an exterior wall must be made of safety

glazing unless the bottom exposed edge of the glass is
_________________ above the tub floor surface.
60 inches or more

Laundry trays made of ________ are no longer permitted

because they do not provide a smooth, impervious, sanitary
surface.
Concrete

The shower opening (or access and egress opening) should be

at least ___________ of clear and unobstructed finish-width.
22 inches

If a pump at a whirlpool bathtub is located more than 2 feet

from the access opening, a minimum size opening of ______
inches should be installed.
18 x 18

_________ are best described as short lengths of pipe

attached directly to a fixture by means of a flange for
connection to other piping or traps.
Tailpieces
Spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing
it over rough surfaces to remove entrained noxious gases such
as carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide
AERATION

Addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and lime, to the

water which cause the larger suspended particles to form a
gelatinous mass which precipitates readily. The precipitate is
gathered in large dumps and disposed of.
COAGULATION and PRECIPITATION

Water is passed through layers of sand

and gravel in concrete basins in order to
remove the finer suspended particles.
FILTRATION

Water is passed through basins

so sediments can settle
through a period of time
SEDIMENTATION

Water is injected with hypo-chlorite or chlorine gas to kill

the harmful bacteria.
CHLORINATION

Types of wells
Shallow and Deep Well

Similar to dug well, but constructed

using an auger driven in by hand or
with power tools . Seldom hand driven below 15 meters, but
can reach 40+ meters with power tools
BORED WELL

Use of extreme water pressure so as not to

affect existing foundations in the vicinity. Makes use of a
suction pump above, while
casing acts as the pump riser. Used only where ground is
relatively soft,

hence sometimes referred to as

"Sand-Point Wells".
JETTED WELL

Dug with a sharp pointed hollow

slotted iron rod and well screen. Depths are from 10-15 meters
DRIVEN WELL

Used for drilling oil . Can reach up to 1000 m

DRILLED WELL

2 Most Common Sources of Contamination:

Septic Tank / leach fields
Livestock feedlots

Distance of Septic Tank/ leach field and live stock to avoid

contamination of wells.
not less than 100 ft.

Water is sucked into a sealed vacuum by use of a piston Single

Action (water is drawn
in with only 1 motion).
Double Action (water is drawn in with either stroke).
Duplex or Twin Piston Pump
PISTON PUMPS

Water is drawn into the pump & discharged with a centrifugal

force
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

piston pumps that operate with controlled speed. The

discharge
from a reciprocating pump is pulsating and changes only when
the speed of the pump is changed. Sometimes an air chamber is
introduced to regulate the pulsation.
RECIPROCATIONG PUMP

jet pumps are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing

water up
from a well.
JET PUMPS

Rotary pumps are piston pumps that make use of a pump

driver

Rotary Pumps can discharge from 900 to 1200 GPM

Rotary Pumps are more efficient for viscous fluids
ROTARY PUMP

Submersible Pumps are designed to be fully immersible within

a tank or other media storage receptacle.
Many common types of pumps can be designed by
manufacturers to
be submersible
Submersible Pump

are used in applications where excess water must be pumped

away from a particular area.
Sump pumps, in general, is a category that encompasses a
number of styles of pumps that are used to pump out collected
fluid
Sump pumps

are centrifugal pumps used for large applications

because of their multiple impellers
Turbine Pumps can discharge up to 2000 GPM
Turbine Pumps

Does not have any pressure concerns

but relies on gravity to supply water to
fixtures below .
-Usually made of galvanized steel,
stainless steel, or reinforced concrete,
it can come in various shapes and sizes
Overhead Tank

Usually built of reinforced concrete

underground and connected with a pump
CISTERN

Used in the Air Pressure System. Often used with a pump. Also
makes use of a pressure relief valve, which relieves pressure
automatically if necessary .
PNEUMATIC WATER TANKS

Used mainly to completely close or

completely open the water line
(does not control flow of water). Best suited to the main supply
and pump lines wherein operation is infrequent .

GATE VALVE "aka-full way valve"

Used mainly to completely close or completely open the water

line
(does not control flow of water)
Best suited to the main supply and
pump lines wherein operation is
infrequent
GATE VALVE

2 TYPES OF GATE VALVE

The Wedge Shape or Tapered Disc
The Double Disc Valve

Main function is to prevent reversal

of flow (backflow) in the line
CHECK VALVE

4 TYPES OF CHECK VALVE

The Swing Check Valve
The Lift Check Valve
Vertical Check Valve
Horizontal Check Valve

Operates in the same manner as

globe valve (disc & seat design)
Used to make a 90 turn in a line
Reduces number of joints
ANGLE VALVE

Located at the lower end of the

pumps. Used mainly to prevent loss of
priming of the pumps a.k.a. 'Retention Valve'
FOOT VALVE

Used on water systems, heating

systems, compressed air lines &
other pipe lines with excessive
pressure
Safety Valve

Operates by the compression of a soft packing upon a metal

sheet
COMPRESSION COCK

Operates with a round tapering plug ground to fit a metal

sheet. 'Hose bibb"-has grooves fit for a hose
Key Cock

Constructed with a ball connected to the handle

key cock

a knocking in the pipes caused when

faucets in the lower levels are shut off
abruptly or automatically the force exerted by the decelerating
water causes the pipes to shake and rattle
Water Hammer

the flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from

a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a
negative pressure in such pipe
Back Siphonage

the flow of water or other liquids, ,mixtures, or substances into

the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water to a tank,
plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood level rim of the
receptacle.
BACK FLOW

Pipes expand and contract due to

continuous changes in temperature.
An air space should be provided to
allow for breathing room
Expansion / Contraction

Friction occurs when liquid flowing through the pipe makes

contact with the pipe enclosures, thus reducing the speed of
water flow .
There is greater Friction Head Loss with longer pipes, small
diameter pipes, and a high number of valves of fittings
Friction Head Loss

Water is obtained through a large intake

installed on the lake basin & extended
into deep water
Direct Pressure Distribution

Water is taken form a drilled well or

underground water .
Involves individual special mechanical
equipment.
Indirect Pressure Distribution

pipe from the street water main or

other source of water supply to the
building served
SERVICE PIPE

device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water

that passes through the water service.
Water Meter

the principal water distribution pipe running from the water

meter from which the various branches and risers to the
fixtures are taken.
Horizontal Supply Main

a water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or

more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures
Riser

the water supply pipe between the

fixture supply pipe and the waterdistributing pipe
Fixture Branch

used for control, isolation and repair

of the water distribution system
Controls & Valves

Water is provided by the city water companies using normal

pressure from public water main
Direct Upfeed

When pressure supplied by city water

supply is not strong enough.
- Compressed air is used to raise and
push water into the system
Air Pressure System (Pneumatic)

Water is pumped into a large

tank on top of the building and is
distributed to the fixtures by
means of gravity.
Downfeed (Overheadfeed) or Gravity System

Used for Hot Water Space Heating System

System Relief Valve

Used for Hot Water Supply System

Temperature & Pressure Relief

The standpipe is a pipe installed in buildings not as part of the

water supply or waste disposal system but primarily for use as
water conveyor in case of fire
DRY STAND PIPE

Height of Dry stand Pipe

1.20 meters

The minimum diameter for a wet standpipe is ____ for those

less than ____ form the fire service connection
51 mm - 15meter

For those wet stand pipe more than ____ from the fire service
connection, the minimum diameter is ____
15 meters - 63mm

Coverage of 1 sprinkler head for Light Hazard Occupancy

20 square meter

Coverage of 1 sprinkler head for Extra hazard Occupancy

10 square meter

Minimum dimension of Water closet center to side wall

0.375 meters

Minimum dimension of Water closet center to WC center

0.75 meters

- Flushes through a simple wash down action

- Discharges waste into a
trapway located at the front

of the bowl
- Has a bulge on the front
- Has a small amount of
standing water
- Cost less but is least
efficient and noisiest
Wash Down

Flushes through a siphon action created in the trapway

Reverse Trap

- Has a larger trapway making it less likely to clog

- Quieter flushing action
- Retains a large amount of
standing water
Siphon Jet

- Less noisy and very

efficient
- Flushing action is started
by a whirlpool motion
followed by a complete
flush down
- Retains a large amount of
standing water
Siphon Vortex

flushing action is obtained directly from a flush valve

connected into the bowl
Direct Flush Valve

Receptor floor shall drain not less than

2% - 4% slope.

conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter.

WASTE PIPE

used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system

and
for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
VENT PIPE

a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when

properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of

foul air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of

sewage or wastewater through it.
TRAP

the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipings

extending through one or more stories and extended thru the
roof.
STACK

any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stack.
BRANCH

part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system

which receives the discharges from the soil, waste and other
drainage pipes inside of a building and conveys it to the house
sewer outside of the building.
House/Building Drain

extends from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters from the
outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction
with the street sewer or to any point of discharge, and
conveying the drainage of one building site.
House/Building Sewer

use 45 wye branches, combination wye - 1/8 bend branches,

or other approved fittings of equivalent sweep
Horizontal to Horizontal change in direction

45 wye branches or other approved fittings of equivalent

sweep
Vertical to Horizontal change in direction

use 45 or 60 wye branches, combination wye -1/8 bend

branches, sanitary tee or sanitary tapped tee branches, or other
approved fittings of equivalent sweeps.
Horizontal to vertical change in direction

A lavatory discharges ____, which is equivalent tothe Fixture

Unit (F.U.)
0.47 liters/sec or 28.3 liters/min (7.5
gallons per min or 1 cu ft per min)

Minimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipe

2% or 20mm/m (" per foot)

Traps used for lavatories, kitchen sinks,

laundry tubs, & urinals
Common P-Trap

Water seal is about twice the size of

The common P-trap
Deep Seal P-Trap

Used for fixtures such as slop sinks

that are usually built low in the
ground, leaving very little space for a
foundation & a trap
Stand Trap

Used within the line of

the house drain
Running Trap

Used for fixtures that discharge large amount of water

(bathtubs, shower or floor drains)
Drum Trap

Each fixture trap shall have a trap seal of water of not less
than_____and not more than ____ (except where a deeper
seal is found necessary by the Administrative Authority for
special conditions.
51 mm - 102 mm

The vertical distance between a fixture outlet tailpiece and the

trap weir shall not exceed ____ in length.
0.60 meters

The developed length of the trap arm (measured from the top
of closet ring to inner edge of vent ) of a water closet or
similar fixture shall not exceed ____
1.80 meters

Clean out distance is _

15 meters

a pipe installed to vent a fixture trap, that

connects with the vent system above the
fixture served or terminates in the open air
Individual Vent or Back Vent

a vertical vent line that provides additional circulation of air

between the drainage and vent systems or to act as an auxiliary
vent on a specially designed system such as a "yoke vent"
connection between the soil and vent stacks.
Relief Vent

a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the

floor and below horizontal connection to an adjacent vent stack
at a point above the floor and higher than the highest spill level
of fixtures for preventing pressure changes in the stacks.
Yoke or By-pass Vent

a group vent pipe which starts in front of the extreme (highest)

fixture connection on a
horizontal branch and connects to the vent stack.
Circuit Vent

a vertical vent connection on a horizontal soil or waste pipe

branch at a point downstream
of the last fixture connection and turning to a horizontal line
above the highest overflow
level of the highest fixture connected there
Used in spaces without partitions
Looped Vent

that portion of a vent pipe through which wastewater also flows

through.
Wet Vent

a pipe or shaft to convey foul air from a plumbing fixture or a

room to the outer air.
Local Vent

a vent that does not carry liquid or

water-borne wastes.
Dry Vent

the extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest

horizontal drain connected to the stack.

Stack Vent

the vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing

circulation of air to and from any part of the soil, waste of the
drainage system. The uppermost end above the roof has
traditionally been referred to as Vent Stack Through Roof
(VSTR).
Vent Stack

The diameter of an individual vent shall not be less

than_____nor less in size than ____ the diameter of the
drain to which it is connected.
32mm (1-1/4") - 1/2

Direct effect of the Minus & Plus Pressure inside the system
due to inadequate ventilation of traps
Trap Seal Loss

A watertight covered receptacle designed and constructed to

receive the discharge of sewage from a building sewer, separate
solids from the liquid, digest organic matter and store digested
solids through a period of detention, and allow the clarified
liquids to discharge for final disposal
Septic Tank

olid organic matter that are denser than water and settle at the
bottom of the septic tank
SLUDGE

lighter organic material that rise to the surface of the water

SCUM

liquid content of sewage

EFFLUENT

Waste water with the exception of human wastes . From

laundries, wash basins, sinks, tubs, etc.
Grey Water (or Area Water)

Water plus solid and liquid human wastes

Black Water

Brick lining shall have a minimum

Private Sewage Disposal Systems compressive strength of
17225 kPa.

oldest form of disposal of organic waste. Consists of a vault

constructed of concrete for the collection of raw sewage and a
wooden shelter
Outside Privy

Installed in chemical laboratories, industries and other

installations where acid wastes are being discharged
Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe

Light in weight, slightly flexible and can take slight soil

movement without danger of cracking or pulling out of its
joints. It is thus
suited for house sewer and septic tank installations
Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe

One of the oldest materials used for sewer lines

Highly resistant to most acids
Because it is made of clay, it is brittle and cracks easily when
laid on unstable ground
Made in short lengths of 750mm
Vitrified Clay Pipe

The oldest pipe used for plumbing systems

Poisonous and injurious, is therefore not recommended to
convey water for human consumption
Lead Pipe

Made out of mild steel and expected to last 15 to 25 years

Galvanized Steel Pipe

Better then steel pipe for plumbing installation

More resistant to acid waste
Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe

Durable and extremely corrosive resistant

Copper Pipe

Most expensive
Made of an alloy or zinc (15%) and copper (85%)
Resistant to acids and has a smooth interior surface

Brass Pipe

Superior type of pipe because it weighs less, is easy to cut,

isflexible, has a smooth interior surface, and is cheaper than
steel
Most are produced from synthetic resins
BRANCH VENT
A vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack
or stack vent.

CIRCUIT VENT
A branch vent that serves two or more traps and extends from in
front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal branch to the
vent stack.

COMMON VENT
A vent connecting at the junction of two fixture drains and
serving as a vent for both fixtures. A single vent that ventilates
multiple traps, in the case of back to back fixture.

CONTINOUS VENT
A vertical vent that is the continuation of the drain to which the
vents connect.

DRY VENT
A vent that does not serve as drain and is located where if is not
exposed to back up of waste from a drainage pipe.

GROUP VENT
A branch vents that performs its functions for two or more traps.

INDIVIDUAL VENT
A pipe installed to vent, a fixture trap and w/c connects with the
vent system above the fixture served or terminates in the open
air.

LOOP or CIRCUIT VENT

A circuit vent which loop backs to connect with a stack vent
instead of a vent stack. Any vent connecting a horizontal branch
or fixture drain with the stack vent of the originating waste or
soil stack.

LOCAL VENT

Is a pipe on the fixture side of the trap through which vapor or

foul air is removed from a room fixture.

MAIN VENT
The principal artery of the venting system to which vent
branches may be connected.

RELIEF VENT
A vent installed so as to permit additional circulation of air
between the drainage and vent systems where the drainage
systems might otherwise be air bound.

UNIT VENT
An arrangement of venting so installed that that one vent pipe
will serve two traps.

STACK VENT
The extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest
horizontal drain connected to the stack horizontal drain, the
uppermost end above the roof.

WET VENT
A vent which also serves as a drain.

YOKE VENT
A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack to a vent
stack for the purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stack.

BACKFLOW
Is the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances into
the distributing pipes of a supply of water from any source other
than its intended source.

BACK SIPHONAGE
Is the backflow of used, contaminated or polluted water from a
plumbing fixture due to negative pressure.

BATTERY OF FIXTURE
Refers to any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures
which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch.

BLANK FLANGE
A flange that is not drilled

BLIND FLANGE
A flange that closes the end of a pipe line used to discharge water

CAULKING
Is plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials

COUPLING
A short internally threaded section of pipe, used to join two pipes
of conduits

UNION
Used to connect the two ends of two pipes, neither of which can
be turned

NIPPLE
A short length of pipe with threads at each end; used to join
couplings or fittings

DEAD END
Is the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end to
which no connections are made on the extended portion.

DEVELOPED LENGTH
The length along the center of the pipe and fitting.

DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Includes all piping within public or private which conveys
sewage, rain water or often liquid waste to a legal point of
disposal but does not include the main of a public sewer system
or private or or public sewerage treatment.

FIXTURE BRANCH
Is a pipe connecting several fixtures

FLOOD LEVEL
Is a device located at the bottom of the tank for the purpose of
flushing water closets and and similar fixture.

FERRULE
A metallic sleeve, join to an opening of pipe, into which a plug is
screwed that can be removed for the purpose of cleaning.

INVERT
Is the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or conduit that is
not vertical.

PLUMBING SYSTEM
Includes water supply and distribution pipe; plumbing fixture
and traps, soil waste and vent pipes; house drain and house
sewers including their respective connections.

ROUGH IN
Installation of all parts of the plumbing system which can be
completed prior to the installation of fixtures.

SIAMESE CONNECTIONS
A wye connections used on fire lines so that two lines of hose
maybe connected to the hydrant or to the same nozzle.

SOIL PIPE
Is any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closets of
fixture having similar function w/ or w/o the discharge of other
fixtures to the building drain.

TRAP SEAL
Is the maximum vertical depth of liquid that a trap will retain
measure between the crown weir and the top of the dip of the
trap.

WATER RESERVOIR
Install to be able to meet the water requirements during peak
demands from a low yielding water well.

SHOCK RELIEF AND EXPANSION CHAMBER

The device being used to eliminate the noise cause by water
hammer.

50 FEET OR MORE
The location of water well to nearest septic vault.

2 PERCENT
Slope of house sewer connected from the building to the main
sewer.

CULVERT

A passage under a road, embankment or canal which allow for

the flow of water.

BLACK WATER
The third kind of water after the storm water and area water.

RECESSED
The type of bathtub other than sunken, square, free standing.

WHITE
Color coding of high pressure steam.

BLACK
Color coding for fuel oil division.

TRAP OR WATER SEAL

The water column that seals the escape of unhealthy gases in the
sanitary drainage system.

2.50 M
Service drop conductor clearance over the roof.

COMPRESSION VALVE
A valve which in the water flow is shut off by a flat disk that is
screwed down onto its seat.

CISTERN
An underground tank reservoir to store water.

OVERHEAD STORM DRAIN

Another classification of storm drain, besides from inside drain
and outside drain.

PRESSURE COCK
Tap used in high pressure water system with an interval valve to
control the flow of water.

PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE

A valve which maintains uniform pressure on its outlet side
regardless of its pressure fluctuations on the inlet side above the
pressure level.

UNION PATENT

A pipe fitting within the interconnection of pipes for the purpose

of easy dismantling of the connection when needed.

FLUSHOMETER
A device that discharge a predetermined volume of water to
fixture for flushing purposes and is activated by direct water
pressure.

CORPORATION STOP
Another name for corporation cock.

AIR TRAP
A U-shaped pipe filled with water and located beneath the
plumbing fixtures to form a seal against the passages of gases
and odors.

ABSORPTION TRENCH
A trench containing course aggregate and a distribution tile pipe
through which septic tank effluent may flow covered with earth.

CATCH BASIN
An underground structure for drainage into which water from
the roof or floor will drain through sewer.

WYE FITTING
A type of fitting for yoke bent.

1 1/2"
Minimum discharge pipe and fitting for bath tub.

150mm DIAMETER
Minimum size of building sewer; it should not be less than the
building drain

1 1/2"
BATH FOOT

2"
BATH SHOWER STALL

1 1/2"
BATH SITZ

1 1/2"
BATH TUB

1 1/2"
BIDETS

1 1/2"
COMBINATION FIXTURE

1 1/4"
DRINKING FOUNTAIN

2"
FLOOR DRAIN

1 1/4"
FOUNTAIN CUPSIDERS

1 1/2"
LAUNDRY TRAYS

1 1/2"
SINKS (DISHWASHER)

2'
SINKS (HOTEL OR PUBLIC)

1 1/2"
SINK (KITCHEN OR RESIDENCE)

1 1/4"
SINKS (SMALL PANTRY OR BAR)

2"
SLOP SINKS (ORDINARY)

3"
SLOP SINKS (WITH COMBINE TRAP)

3"
URINAL (PEDESTAL)

1 1/2"
URINALS (LIP)

2"
URINALS (STALL)

2"
URINALS (THROUGH)

1 1/4"
WASH BASIN (LAVATORIES)

3"
WATER CLOSETS

SIPHON-VORTEX
Quiet, extermely sanitary. Like the siphon jet but having the
flushing water directed through the rim to create a vortex that
scours the bowl.

SIPHON-JET
Sanitary, efficient very quiet. A toilet bowl into which the
flushing water enters through the rim and siphonic action
initiated by a water jet draws the contents of the bowl through
the trapway.

REVERSE TRAP
Moderately noisy. Similar to siphon jet except that trap
passageway and water surface area are smaller.

WASH DOWN
Minimum cost. Least efficient subject to clogging, noisy. Simple
washout and emptying through small irregular passageway,
prohibited by some health codes.

BLOW OUT
Noisy but highly efficient. Strong jet into leg forces contents out

BIDET
A basin like fixture design to be struddled for bathing the
genitals and posterior parts of the body.

Types of Urinal

WALL HUNG, THROUGH, PEDESTAL & STALL.

19.05mm or 3/4"
No building supply pipe shall be less than WHAT size in
diameter

46 mm
Minimum height of Fire Service Connection from the grade/floor

122mm
Maximum height of Fire Service Connection from the grade/floor

61 mm.
Minimum height of Dry Standpipe Outlet from the floor line

122 mm
Maximum height of Dry Standpipe Outlet from the floor line

5 FEET
Considered extension of bulding drain outside the building wall

150 mm
Fitting for base or soil stack and building drain

51mm or 2"
Wet standpipe for a riser not more than 15m

64mm or 2 1/2"
Wet standpipe for riser more than 15m

4"
Dry standpipe for a riser below 23m

6"
Dry standpipe for a riser more than 23m

RATIO OF 1:25
Ratio of water closets for female population for elementary and
secondary school.

RATIO OF 1:30

Ratio of water closets for male population for elementary and

secondary school.

RATIO OF 1:75
Ratio of urinals for elementary schools.

RATIO OF 1:75
Ratio of water closets for female population for principal worship
places.

RATIO OF 1:5
Ratio of lavatory to number of occupants.

4 CLOSETS
Minimum number of water closet required for female office and
public buildings.

3 HEADS
Minimum head of water required in section of plumbing for
water test.

VENT PIPE
It ventilates a house drainage system and prevent siphonage and
back pressure.

6 FEET
The maximum horizontal developed length between the trap seal
and thevertical vent inlet at the trap.

2x2" WYE WITH 2" CO AND 2 X 1/8 BEND

Combination fitting between the vertical waste branch and the
horizontal waste branch.

COUPLING REDUCER
A female GI pipe reducer fitting used in straight connection, both
are threaded inside.

CIRCUIT VENT
A vent use in battery of plumbing fixture where the vent is
installed in front of the last fixture of the battery.

3/8"
It is the size of supply valve tank type for water closet.

JET
A water pump for a 200ft driven well to deliver 10gpm against
200ft. It is located at the surface.

RECIPROCATING
A pump motor installed on the surface attached to a lift and push
a rod to activate a submerge piston.

TO FACILITATE AIR MOVEMENT WITH LESSER

RESISTANCE.
The purpose of a branch vent slope of 1/4".

TURBINE
A pump with an impeller enclose in a housing coupled with the
pump motor. Its principle is to add a velocity to already flowing
liquid.

CENTRIFUGAL
A pump which delivers high water discharge with high water
pressure drawn from a shallow source like cistern, best suited as
fire or transfer pump.The motor is placed at the surface with
shaft to turn the impellers below.

46 mm
Minimum height of Fire Service station from the grade.

BELL REDUCER
A female GI pipe reducer fitting use to connect a reducing branch
from a main water distribution.

POLYETHELENE PIPE
PE

WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPES

General term for hot or cold water pipes containing portable
water supplying different plumbing fixture.

AT BRANCH SUPPLY DUCT AS FAR AS PRACTICAL FROM

THE OUTLET
Where are dampers install to regulate the amount of cool air of
an even distribution of outlets.

38 mm (1 1/2")
Standard size of wet standpipe outlet for each floor.

WYE FITTING
A type of pipe fitting for yoke vent.

6"
The minimum horizontal clearance of vent branch immediately
above the flood level rim of the fixture.

1 1/2"
The minimum size or trap of a bidet.

3/8"
Supply valve tank type for water closet.

COUPLING
A threaded fitting to join two threaded fittings as closed as
possible but not exceeding 3 inches.

@ EVERY BRANCH INTERVAL OF A SOIL STACK

Location that does not require installation of clean out.

BATTERY OF FIXTURE
Interconnection of the same fixture in one soil or waste branch
with one branch vent.

COMMON VENT
A single vent that ventiliates multiple traps, in the case of back to
back fixture.

NUMBER OF FIXTURE
A parameter in sizing the drainage pipe.

SOIL PIPE
Conveys a discharge of solid and liquid wastes closets with or
without the discharged from other fixture to the house drain.

102 mm (4")
Minimum size of standpipe for a building in which the highest
outlet is 23 m or less from the Fire service Connection.

UPFEED OR DIRECT METHOD

In water distributon system which constantly rely its pressure

from the main water pipe apply only if the main fixture is supply
continously with the flow rate and minimum required working
pressure.

PLUMBING SYSTEM
System of building which includes the water supply distribution
pipes the fixture and fixture traps, the soil waste and the vent
pipes, the house drain and the house sewer, the storm water
drainage with their devices.

64 mm (2 1/2")
Minimum size of wet standpipe for riser of more than 15 mts
from source.

6"
Minimum height of a branch vent above the fixture it is venting.

SIAMESE CONNECTIONS
Common term for a two way service connections.

BALL
Single level valve used in kichen sink, lavatory faucets or at
shower valve.

NUMBER OF BRANCH VENTS

A parameter in sizing a horizontal soil branch pipe.

1/4", WYE and 1/8" BEND, LONG SWEEP, 1/8" and 1/8"
COMBINATION.
Fitting installed at the base of the soil stack and a building drain.

JACK
A suitable type of water pump for deep well 4" or 6' casing to
deliver 35gpm against 450 ft. total develop height.

ZEOLITE
Passing on it can treat hardwater.

2" WYE AND 2 x 1/8 BEND COMBINATION

Use to accept the P-trap assembly of the lavatory.

2" P-TRAP 2x1/4 BEND 2x1/8 BEND 4x2 WYE

Fitting in water closet in its order of sequence from the floor

drain to the soil branch.

4 x 2 WYE AND 2" 1/8 BEND COMBINATION or

4 x 4 WYE AND 4" 1/8 BEND COMBINATION
Fitting installed at the branching tee from a horizontal soil
branch to a horizonal waste branch.

VENT SIZE IS AT LEAST 1/2 THE DRAIN IT SERVES BUT

NOT LESS THAN THE REQUIRED MINIMUM W/C EVER IS
LARGER
Rule of tumb in sizing an individual vent.

AIR CHAMBER
Device used to prevent water hammering.

610 mm
Minimum height of dry standpipe outlet from the floor line.

64mm or 2 1/2"
Minimum size of wet standpipe for a riser more than 15 meters
from the source.

GATE VALVE
A cut off valve installed in the service piping system.

FIBER CEMENT PIPE

Pipe not used as water service pipe.

ASBESTOS PIPE
Least popular and not recommended use as potable water
distribution pipe.

UPVC DWV SANITARY PIPES AND FITTINGS

Orange or brown in color with sizes of 4" and 3 meter in lengths
of pipes and fittings, ASTM 2729 standards.

POLTYBUTELENE PIPE AND FITTINGS

Pipes and fittings which can exclusively be used for cold water
lines for potable main distribution water service, sprinkler and
irrigation system. It could be ", ", 1", 1 ", 1 " and 2".

THREE FIXTURES

Exception of fixture to be connected into a single trap.

120 LITERS
For cold water, a family members of 12 needs a 3.6 cu.mts. of
cold water. What is the maximum hot water probable hour
demand?

CHECK VALVE
A full open valve located in a supply pipe to every water heater.

TAIL PIECE or DEAD END

Term used for pipe extension of not more than 2 feet in length
install in any stack or branch of a plumbing rough in for the
purpose of future trap.

URINAL FLASH VALVE ASSEMBLY

Device in control valve which work by discharging instantaneous
volume of water at higher pressure.

5"
Which is not a standard size of GI pipe for water supply? 2 1/2",
3",4",5"

AT EVERY BRANCH INTERVAL OF SOIL STACK

Which of the following does not require the installation of the
cleanout?

SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
A type of pump for driven well from 150 to 200 ft which work by
a principle of venturi where water of high pressure is pump into
the well to draw water upwards through the return pipe.

WRONG CHOICE OF VENT TYPE

A poor venting system caused by a slow draining of water from a
fixture down a plumbing system.

PRESSURE REGULATOR
A device used to control an incoming high water pressure into
the water distribution system by mechanical means so as to bring
it to a working pressure of 80 psi .

COUPLING

GI fitting to join two threaded fittings as close as possible but not

exceeding three inches.

FIXED TEMPERATURE HEAT DETECTOR

Fire detector installed in a fire alarm system, which uses low
melting point solders or metals that expand when exposed to
heat to detect a fire, 135deg-197deg F.

REVERSE OSMOSIS
Stage in water purification which removes mineral deposits,
slats, heavy metal, totally dissolves solids while some useful
minerals are retained.

FLUSH VALVE FITTINGS

General term used to described the fitting in the drawing.

ELBOW REDUCER
A female GI threaded pipe reducer fitting use to connect a
reducing branch pipe at an angle.

132 LITERS PER MINUTE

Minimum water delivery in liters per minute for an outlet of a
wet standpipe at a residual pressure or 1.8 kilos per sq.mts.

3 WAY VALVE DIVERTER

A hot and cold water supply pipes, where it is mix manually in
desired water temperature temperature and direct the mixed
water either at the shower head or at the fooe spout.