nh hng ca thch cao CASO4 .

0,5 H2O n mt s c tnh ca xi

mng poc lng
1. Gii thiu chung
Thch cao thin nhin pha vo khi nghin PL c tc dng ci thin mt s tnh cht ca xi
mng, Thc t khi nghin xi mng, nhit trong my nghin c th ln hn 100 0C, do
dng CASO4 .0,5H2O c th c to thnh. Dng CASO 4 .0,5H2O l cht kt dnh thch
cao xy dng (CKDTC) c sn xut bng phng php nung thch cao thin nhin (TCTN)
nhit t 1000C n 1800C trong iu kin mi trng lu thng p sut, sau nghin
mn. Sn phm thch cao ny ng kt rn chc nhanh, cng tng i cao.
Khi khng pha ph gia thch cao thin nhin, xi mng ng kt nhanh v to ra sn phm c
cng thp. Thch cao c tc dng lm gim qu trnh hyrat ho ca C3A, nhng li lm
tng qu trnh hyrat ho ca C3S do s tham gia ca SO42- vo cu trc ca CSH, do nh
hng n cng ca sn phm hyrat ho ca cc khong silicat. Khi tng hm lng
thch cao trong xi mng lm gim cng ca CSH do lm thay i t l C/S trong gel
CSH. Loi thch cao pha vo cng c nh hng ti tc ng kt ca xi mng. Thc t
hm lng thch cao pha vo xi mng ph thuc khng ch vo s ng kt m cn ph thuc
vo cc tnh cht khc nh cng , tc ng rn, bin dng co ngt, tnh chu lnh...
Khi c mt dng thch cao CASO4 .0,5H2O, trong qu trnh ng kt rn chc ca xi mng
poc lng u tin xy ra qu trnh tc dng ca nc vi CASO 4 .0,5H2O to thnh
CASO4 .2H2O, sau l qu trnh tc dng ca CASO4 .2H2O vi sn phm thu ho ca C3A
to thnh cc dng sn phm nh khi pha dng thch cao thin nhin vo xi mng. V vy
chnh dng CKDTC gp phn y nhanh s ng kt rn chc ca xi mng, mt khc cng
to nn cng cho h, do chng c th nh hng n cu trc ban u ca h. V vy
vic dng thch cao CASO4 .0,5H2O va rt ngn thi gian ng kt ca xi mng, va c
nh hng n c tnh cu trc v cng ca h rn chc.
V vy nghin cu nh hng ca dng thch cao CASO4 .0,5H2O ch to nc ta n mt
s c tnh ca xi mng poc lng v b tng, t tm ra c hm lng CKDTC hp l c
nh hng tt n c tnh cng ca xi mng poc lng.
2. Ni dung v kt qu nghin cu
2.1. Nguyn vt liu s dng trong nghin cu
Xi mng th nghim ch to bng cch nghin Clanhke xi mng poc lng Bt Sn khng pha
thch cao trong my nghin bi rung. Sau khi nghin, xi mng c ngui v ng vo cc
ti ni lon s dng dn. Thch cao pha vo xi mng l dng CASO 4 .0,5H2O ch to bng
cch nung thch cao thin nhin CASO4 .2H2O (TCTN) nhit 1600C lu thi gian 240
pht, ngui v nghin trong my nghin bi rung, sau ng vo ti nilon. Thch cao
thin nhin CASO4 .2H2O c p nh, sy kh v nghin mn trong my nghin bi rung,
ng trong ti nilon s dng vi mc ch so snh. c tnh ca xi mng cha pha thch
cao v cc dng thch cao a ra bng 1.
2.2. nh hng ca TCXD n mt s tnh cht ca xi mng
Mt s c tnh ca xi mng poc lng (PC) c kho st vi hm lng thch cao
CASO4 .0,5H2O pha vo l 3, 5, 7% theo trng lng xi mng. so snh, dng TCTN cng
c pha vo xi mng vi hm lng tng t. Kt qu th nghim a ra trong bng 3, 4 v
biu hnh 1 v 2.
Nh vy dng CKDTC lm gim mnh c thi gian bt u v kt thc ng kt ca PC vi
hm lng pha vo t 3 7%. Khi pha TCTN vo t 3 7%, thi gian bt u v kt thc

ng kt u tin tng ln, nhng vi mc 5% th c hng gim dn theo mc tng hm

lng pha trn.
Cc kt qu th nghim cho thy: s c mt ca cc dng thch cao trong xi mng c tc
dng nng cao c tnh cng ca PC. Cc mu va c 5% thch cao t c cng
nn cao nht. Khi pha trn > 5% thch cao, cng ca va bt u gim i. Trong hai loi
thch cao s dng, dng CKDTC ch ra hiu qu tng cng cao hn.
Nh vy c hai dng thch cao s dng pha trn vo xi mng c nh hng n c tnh
cng ca b tng tng t nh i vi xi mng. Dng thch cao CASO 4 .0,5H2O cho
hiu qu tng cng cao hn dng thch cao t nhin v t l thch cao c hiu qu cao
nht l khong 5%.
Bng1: Cc tnh cht ca xi mng khng pha thch cao v cc dng thch cao
STT

c tnh

n v

Xi mng

1
2

Khi lng ring

Khi lng th tch dng
ti
mn
do tiu chun
Thi gian ng kt: Bt
u
Kt thc
n nh th tch
Cng nn

g/cm3
kg/m3

3,13
1240

%
%
Pht
Pht

8,3
2
60
13

mm
N/mm2

1,5
31,2

3
4
5
6
7

Thch cao
TCTN
CKDTC
2,41
2,63
1040
734
12

12,5
8
11
3
6,2

Ct liu ln s dng trong nghin cu l dm c kch thc 5-10mm, sch, hnh dng ch
yu l trn. Ct liu nh s dng l ct vng. Tnh cht c l ca ct liu a ra trong bng 2.
Bng 2: Cc tnh cht ca ct liu
STT
1
2
3
4
5

c tnh
Khi lng ring
Khi lng th tch
m
m trng thi bo ho b mt
Mun ln

n v
g/cm3
kg/m3
%
%

Ct
2,65
1475
0,50
0,8
2,53

dm
2,70
1435
0,40
0,87

Ph gia siu do s dng trong nghin cu l loi SP8S dng lng c mu nu, t
trng:1,17-1,21; pH: 7,0-9,0.
Hm lng s dng: 0,8 n 2 lt/100 kg xi mng.
Bng 3: Lng nc tiu chun thi gian ng kt ca xi mng poc lng
Lng (%)
0

Lng nc tiu
chun(%)
Vi TCTN
Vi
CKDTC
24,0
24,0

Thi gian ng kt (pht) ca xi mng vi dng ph

gia
Bt u ng kt
Kt thc ng kt
TCTN
CKDTC
TCTN
CKDTC
60
60
135
135

3
5
7

24,5
25,5
26,5

24,5
25,0
25,0

115
102
68

55
38
31

195
175
140

95
77
65

Bng 4: Cng nn ca va xi mng c ph gia TCTN v CKDTC

K hiu
mu
P0
P TC3
P-TC5
P-TC7
P CKDTC
3
P CKDTC
5
P CKDTC
7

Loi thch
cao

Cng nn (N/mm2) ti tui (ngy)

28
60
13,7
19,8
29,4
34,4
19,4
29,0
38,1
39,7
19,8
31,0
39,4
41,8
180,0
27,0
35,1
37,9
23,8
30,0
40,6
42,4

TCTN
TCTN
TCTN
CKDTC

Hm lng
(%)
0
3
5
7
3

CKDTC

24,2

31,4

42,0

46,9

CKDTC

23,4

27,4

39,3

40,5

Bng 5: Cng nn ca b tng mc 400

K hiu mu
B1-0
B1-3TCTN
B1-5TCTN
B1-7TCTN
B13CKDTC
B15CKDTC
B17CKDTC

Loi thch
cao

Cng nn (N/mm2) ti tui (ngy)

3
7
28
60
16,7
28,3
41,0
44,3
21,5
32,0
46,2
52,6
23,6
35,8
47,9
56,7
20,7
31,7
45,0
51,8
23,5
34,2
48,7
55,3

TCTN
TCTN
TCTN
CKDTC

Hm lng
(%)
0
3
5
7
3

CKDTC

25,9

38,1

50,1

59,1

CKDTC

22,5

33,4

47,1

54,0

3. Kt lun
Da trn cc kt qu nghin cu v nh hng ca dng CASO 4 .0,5H2O n mt s tnh
cht ca xi mng poc lng c th kt lun nh sau:
- Dng thch cao CASO4 .0,5H2O lm tng lng nc tiu chun ca xi mng cng vi vic
tng hm lng pha vo n 7% trng lng xi mng. CKDTC lm gim thi gian ng kt
ca xi mng poc lng v mc gim t l vi hm lng CKDTC pha vo.
- Dng thch cao CASO4 .0,5H2O c nh hng thun li n c tnh cng ca PC vi
mc pha trn kho st t 3 7%, nhng t l 5% ch ra hiu qu cao nht. Tt c cc mu va
xi mng c pha CKDTC u c cng cao hn mu i chng v mu va c thch cao
thin nhin.

- Ph gia thch cao CASO4 .0,5H2O nh hng thun li n cng ca b tng tng t
nh vi va xi mng nhng vi mc cao hn. Dng thch cao CASO 4 .0,5H2O lm tng
qu trnh rn chc ca b tng, do lm tng cng ti tui sm ca b tng s dng xi
mng poc lng.
- Hm lng thch cao CASO4 .0,5H2O pha vo xi mng hp l cng tng t nh vi hm
lng TCTN l t 3 5% theo trng lng xi mng.
Ngun: TC Xy dng, s 5-2009