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Concrete Mix Design
Introduction
The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative amounts
with the objective of producing a concrete of the required, strength, durability, and workability
as economically as possible, is termed the concrete mix design. The proportioning of ingredient
of concrete is governed by the required performance of concrete in 2 states, namely the plastic
and the hardened states. If the plastic concrete is not workable, it cannot be properly placed and
compacted. The property of workability, therefore, becomes of vital importance.
The compressive strength of hardened concrete which is generally considered to be an index of
its other properties, depends upon many factors, e.g. quality and quantity of cement, water and
aggregates; batching and mixing; placing, compaction and curing. The cost of concrete is made
up of the cost of materials, plant and labour. The variations in the cost of materials arise from the
fact that the cement is several times costly than the aggregate, thus the aim is to produce as lean a
mix as possible. From technical point of view the rich mixes may lead to high shrinkage and
cracking in the structural concrete, and to evolution of high heat of hydration in mass concrete
which may cause cracking.
The actual cost of concrete is related to the cost of materials required for producing a minimum
mean strength called characteristic strength that is specified by the designer of the structure. This
depends on the quality control measures, but there is no doubt that the quality control adds to the
cost of concrete. The extent of quality control is often an economic compromise, and depends on
the size and type of job. The cost of labour depends on the workability of mix, e.g., a concrete
mix of inadequate workability may result in a high cost of labour to obtain a degree of
compaction with available equipment.
Requirements of concrete mix design
The requirements which form the basis of selection and proportioning of mix ingredients
are :
a ) The minimum compressive strength required from structural consideration
b) The adequate workability necessary for full compaction with the compacting
equipment available.
c) Maximum water-cement ratio and/or maximum cement content to give adequate
durability for the particular site conditions

d) Maximum cement content to avoid shrinkage cracking due to temperature cycle in

mass concrete.

Types of Mixes
1. Nominal Mixes
In the past the specifications for concrete prescribed the proportions of cement, fine and
coarse aggregates. These mixes of fixed cement-aggregate ratio which ensures adequate
strength are termed nominal mixes. These offer simplicity and under normal
circumstances, have a margin of strength above that specified. However, due to the
variability of mix ingredients the nominal concrete for a given workability varies widely
in strength.
2. Standard mixes
The nominal mixes of fixed cement-aggregate ratio (by volume) vary widely in strength and may
result in under- or over-rich mixes. For this reason, the minimum compressive strength has been
included in many specifications. These mixes are termed stand ard mixes.
IS 456-2000 has designated the concrete mixes into a number of grades as M10, M15, M20,
M25, M30, M35 and M40. In this designation the letter M refers to the mix and the number to
the specified 28 day cube strength of mix in N/mm2 . The mixes of grades M10, M15, M20 and
M25 correspond approximately to the mix proportions (1:3:6), (1:2:4), (1:1.5:3) and (1:1:2)
respectively.
3. Designed Mixes
In these mixes the performance of the concrete is specified by the designer but the mix
proportions are determined by the producer of concrete, except that the minimum cement content
can be laid down. This is most rational approach to the selection of mix proportions with specific
materials in mind possessing more or less unique characteristics. The approach results in the
production of concrete with the appropriate properties most economically. However, the
designed mix does not serve as a guide since this does not guarantee the correct mix proportions
for the prescribed performance.
For the concrete with undemanding performance nominal or standard mixes (prescribed in the
codes by quantities of dry ingredients per cubic meter and by slump) may be used only for very
small jobs, when the 28-day strength of concrete does not exceed 30 N/mm2 . No control testing
is necessary reliance being placed on the masses of the ingredients.
Factors affecting the choice of mix proportions
The various factors affecting the mix design are:
1. Compressive strength

It is one of the most important properties of concrete and influences many other describable
properties of the hardened concrete. The mean compressive strength required at a specific age,
usually 28 days, determines the nominal water-cement ratio of the mix. The other factor affecting
the strength of concrete at a given age and cured at a prescribed temperature is the degree of
compaction. According to Abrahams law the strength of fully compacted concrete is inversely
proportional to the water-cement ratio.
2. Workability
The degree of workability required depends on three factors. These are the size of the section to
be concreted, the amount of reinforcement, and the method of compaction to be used. For the
narrow and complicated section with numerous corners or inaccessib le parts, the concrete must
have a high workability so that full compaction can be achieved with a reasonable amount of
effort. This also applies to the embedded steel sections. The desired workability depends on the
compacting equipment available at the site.
3. Durability
The durability of concrete is its resistance to the aggressive environmental conditions. High
strength concrete is generally more durable than low strength concrete. In the situations when the
high strength is not necessary but the conditions of exposure are such that high durability is vital,
the durability requirement will determine the water-cement ratio to be used.
4. Maximum nominal size of aggregate
In general, larger the maximum size of aggregate, smaller is the cement requirement for a
particular water-cement ratio, because the workability of concrete increases with increase in
maximum size of the aggregate. However, the compressive strength tends to increase with the
decrease in size of aggregate.
IS 456:2000 and IS 1343:1980 recommend that the nominal size of the aggregate should be as
large as possible.
5. Grading and type of aggregate
The grading of aggregate influences the mix proportions for a specified workability and watercement ratio. Coarser the grading leaner will be mix which can be used. Very lean mix is not
desirable since it does not contain enough finer material to make the concrete cohesive.
The type of aggregate influences strongly the aggregate-cement ratio for the desired workability
and stipulated water cement ratio. An important feature of a satisfactory aggregate is the
uniformity of the grading which can be achieved by mixing different size fractions.
6. Quality Control

The degree of control can be estimated statistically by the variations in test results. The variation
in strength results from the variations in the properties of the mix ingredients and lack of control
of accuracy in batching, mixing, placing, curing and testing. The lower the difference between
the mean and minimum strengths of the mix lower will be the cement-content required. The
factor controlling this difference is termed as quality control.

Mix Proportion designations

The common method of expressing the proportions of ingredients of a concrete mix is in the
terms of parts or ratios of cement, fine and coarse aggregates. For e.g., a concrete mix of
proportions 1:2:4 means that cement, fine and coarse aggregate are in the ratio 1:2:4 or the mix
contains one part of cement, two parts of fine aggregate and four parts of coarse aggregate. The
proportions are either by volume or by mass. The water-cement ratio is usually expressed in
mass
Factors to be conside red for mix design
The grade designation giving the characteristic strength requirement of concrete.
The type of cement influences the rate of development of compressive strength of concrete.
Maximum nominal size of aggregates to be used in concrete may be as large as possible within the
limits prescribed by IS 456:2000.
The cement content is to be limited from shrinkage, cracking and creep.
The workability of concrete for satisfactory placing and compaction is related to the size and
shape of section, quantity and spacing of reinforcement and technique used for transportation,
placing and compaction.

Procedure
1. Determine the mean target strength ft from the specified characteristic compressive strength at 28day fck and the level of quality control.
ft = fck + 1.65 S
where S is the standard deviation obtained from the Table of approximate contents given after
the design mix.
2. Obtain the water cement ratio for the desired mean target using the emperical relationship between
compressive strength and water cement ratio so chosen is checked against the limiting water
cement ratio. The water cement ratio so chosen is checked against the limiting water cement ratio
for the requirements of durability given in table and adopts the lower of the two values.
3. Estimate the amount of entrapped air for maximum nominal size of the aggregate from the table.

4. Select the water content, for the required workability and maximum size of aggregates (for
aggregates in saturated surface dry condition) from table.
5. Determine the percentage of fine aggregate in total aggregate by absolute volume from table for
the concrete using crushed coarse aggregate.
6. Adjust the values of water content and percentage of sand as provided in the table for any
difference in workability, water cement ratio, grading of fine aggregate and for rounded
aggregate the values are given in table.
7. Calculate the cement content form the water-cement ratio and the final water content as arrived
after adjustment. Check the cement against the minimum cement content from the requirements
of the durability, and greater of the two values is adopted.
8. From the quantities of water and cement per unit volume of concrete and the percentage of sand
already determined in steps 6 and 7 above, calculate the content of coarse and fine aggregates per
unit volume of concrete from the following relations:

where V = absolute volume of concrete

= gross volume (1m3 ) minus the volume of entrapped air
Sc = specific gravity of cement
W = Mass of water per cubic metre of concrete, kg
C = mass of cement per cubic metre of concrete, kg
p = ratio of fine aggregate to total aggregate by absolute volume
fa, Ca = total masses of fine and coarse aggregates, per cubic metre of concrete,
respectively, kg, and
Sfa, Sca = specific gravities of saturated surface dry fine and coarse aggregates,
respectively
9. Determine the concrete mix proportions for the first trial mix.
10. Prepare the concrete using the calculated proportions and cast three cubes of 150 mm size and
test them wet after 28-days moist curing and check for the strength.

11. Prepare trial mixes with suitable adjustments till the final mix proportions are arrived at.
More Entries :

M-20 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009

M-25 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009
M-30 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009
M-35 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009
M 15 Mix Designs as per IS-10262-2009
Mix Design For M35 Grade Of Concrete
Mix Design M-50 Grade
Understanding Nominal and Design Mixes

What actually happens if I vary proportions

of cement and sand in mortar?
When preparing cement mortar proportions of sand and cement can AFAIK be
varied. I've always been using the "default recommended" 1-to-3 (one volume of
cement for every three volumes of sand) proportion.
up vote 18
down vote
favorite
5

What actually happens if I alter the proportion - how will it affect mortar and why
would I want that?
mortar
edited May 30 '11 at 14:39 asked May 30 '11 at 9:09
shareimprove this question
Chris Cudmore sharptooth
10.5k53872 6,42373573
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5 Answers
active oldest votes
Codes and other guides provide nominal mix combinations that perform fairly in
general conditions.
up vote 19
down vote
accepted

In general, a 1:2 mix will give better strength than a 1:3 mix. But it is quite possible
that a 1:0.5 mix might perform worse. Strength comes from inter-particle force
transfer between sand grains and also from shear resistance provided by cement
acting as adhesive. Thus codes provide known balanced combinations that are
satisfactory.

To gain complete control over the properties of a mortar/concrete mix, you must
consider the following criteria:
1. Cement Amount: As a thumb rule, increasing the cement increases the
strength. Beyond a certain point, it also acts negatively. Since major force
transfer in a concrete/mortar matrix is from sand-sand interaction, excess
cement will turn the mortar very brittle since cement particles cannot
transfer normal contact force - they are good at providing shear strength.
Since cement is expensive, in low-strength applications like roads the
amount of cement is less to optimize on the cost.
2. Wate r Amount: Generally water content ranging from 20% - 35% (w/w
cement) is considering a safe operable range. Lower water content gives
low strength and less manoeuvrable mix for flat conditions like road laying.
Higher water content is generally used in specific conditions like laying out
pile using tremie - where the free flowing nature of mix is necessary.
Although high- water also leads to lower strength, there are other
workarounds (mentioned ahead).
3. Sand Amount: A very high amount of sand will make your mix very brittle
and weak against all kinds of forces. For M20, M25 etc, general proportion
is 1:3. However, for High-strength mix (M35+) its better to go with 1:2 and
somewhere about that.
4. Aggregate Amount: Aggregates have two reasons to be there - economy
and strength. They are cheap and provide as a good filler. Very high and
very low amounts of aggregate give poor strength but a varied economic
solution. A moderate amount is good enough.
5. Aggregate shape: Generally, increasing crookedness of the aggregate
particle gives increasing strength as it gives a higher contact area and better
inter- lock capabilities.
6. Air Entrainme nt: A high air-content in the mix leads to lower strength.
That's why high-strength concrete is vibrated before laying to expel the
small air-pockets. A low air content gives low manoeuvrability, so
sometimes, 'air-entrainers' (chemical additives) are used to give the desired
flowing nature without compromising on changing the water content and
consequently the strength.
7. Additives: Physical additives like 'fine-silica-powder', 'fly-ash' allow
cement reduction and provide economy. fine-silica is ... very fine so it goes
into the smallest of voids and provides good contact strength by reducing
the air content. Fly-ash comes as a general replacement for cement. It is a
by-product from thermal power stations and is very cheap. Upto 15%
cement can be replaced by fine-silica and upto ~40% by fly- ash. Chemical
additives like super-plasticizers do provide a effective workability increase,
or even a water reduction at similar workability - thus giving a higher
strength mix.
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answered May 31 '11 at 4:29

OrangeRind

30614
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example).
tldr; Stick to the recommended mix.
Also read and up-vote woodchips' most excellent answer.
Now, here comes the science:
Concrete, mortar and grouts are all mixtures of Portland cement, water, and aggregates (
sand, and in the case of concrete: gravel.)
Concrete is used for structural purposes, and it's primary role is to support a load. The
ideal concrete is a solid, monolithic block of rock with no cement at all. Obviously, this
is not very workable. The next best thing is a mix that is mostly aggregate, finely
up vote graded to include all sizes from dust to boulders so that the amount of cement required
18
to glue it together is minimized. The less cement, the stronger the concrete, provided
down that there is enough cement to hold it together.
vote
Mortar is semi-structural. It's there to glue bricks together, but must be able to support
the load over thin layers. it is primarily coarse sand, held together with Portland cement.
It is Sand- vs-Sand forces that give the mortar it's strength, so I would be reluctant to
reduce the sand quantity in the mix.
Grouts and thin-sets are non-structural, in that they are not required to support any real
weight. They are used in tiling to prevent lateral movement, or to level a structural
member (i.e. sub-floors) They are primarily fine sands and Portland cement.
Now we need to consider the cement itself. The w/c (water-cement) ratio is the single
most significant factor in the final strength of the cured cement. The less water you put
in, the stronger the final product (again to a certain minimum point.) So, this would tell

us that for a good cement, we want a relatively dry mix.? Wrong. There are two other
factors. another: Workability and Curing.
Workability: This is the ease of pouring, shaping, smoothing of the mortar. Obviously
you want a mortar to be somewhat stiffer than a concrete, as concrete is poured, and
mortar is spread. It has to be able to stand up on it's own. But, if you make it too stiff,
you can't work it at all. The solution is to add more water. For structural members, there
are adjuncts called super-plasticizers, which work to improve workability without
altering the w/c ratio, but they are not useful/cost effective in a mortar. This is also why
I would not consider increasing the amount of sand - you'll lose workability.
Curing: Cement never stops curing. However, we consider 28 days to be a full cure, in
which the cement reaches it's nominal strength. Curing is the process by which the
cement particles bind to available water particles and hardens. This means that water
must be present for the full 28 days! Once the original mix has set, we now must keep
the surface moist. You'll see structural pads covered with plastic - that's to reduce
evaporation. You'll also see water trucks spraying down freshly poured pads to keep
them wet. (High quality pre-cast is often steam cured at the factory) However, in the
case of a mortar, our exposed surface is small and vertical, making it difficult to add the
required water after the fact, so we must include the excess water in the mix. Of course,
this reduces the strength from the w/c ratio, but increases the strength due to the cure.
As you can see, this is actually a very complex science with many factors to consider.
The upshot is, that you or I shouldn't be messing with recommended mixes without a
really good reason -- We don't have the experience or the knowledge to understand the
consequences. -- Industry has determined that the default mixes are the best generalpurpose compromise to the many conflicting factors.
answered May 30 '11 at 13:59
shareimprove this answer edited May 30 '11 at 16:14
Chris Cudmore
10.5k53872
Good answer, that fills in the holes left by my answer. user558 May 30 '11 at
16:10
add a comment
This will affect the strength and longevity of your mortar. While I am not an expert
here, there MUST be an optimal solution to such a problem. What mix will last as long
up vote as possible, hold strongly to the stone that surrounds it, be strong in compression, etc.?
13 down
vote
Effectively, this is a multiple criterion optimization problem, that was long ago solved
by practice to find the mix that best satisfies all the goals in combination. In fact
though, if you go a wee bit in one direction, you will find that some of those goals will
1

be better achieved, while the other goals will be harmed. This is how such a problem
behaves. So the question now becomes, suppose I add some more sand (or other
aggregate) to the mix? What will happen? Very likely (and again, I am just gues sing at
the exact effects right now as I talk off the cuff) the mix will become stronger in
compression, but at some point it will erode more easily, get less sticky. Of course at
some point, add too much sand and all you have is a pile of sand, which has none of the
properties of mortar that you want.
Similarly, suppose I increase the proportion of cement? It makes sense that it sticks
better to the surrounding stone now, but it is not as strong in compression.
Adding more water to the mix has other consequences, also optimized at the level you
have been advised. So if you add water, the mix gets wetter, easier to work, stickier, but
also sloppier. It won't stay in place. It may also change the cure time.
My point is that all of these parameters have been chosen to be optimal for the group of
characteristics that define what mortar is and what it should do - the physical properties
of the mortar. In fact, those parameters have been optimized by simple experiments by
masons for years, until they established a mix that reasonably satisfies the best values at
a point that is robust and stable to material variations.
Having said all of this, now I'll do a little actual research on the subject. For example,
this site tells me that the ratio of sand and cement can be somewhere in the range of 1:2
up to 1:3, which changes the strength of the mix in terms of its ability to withstand
compressive loads. It also mentions that adding gravel to the mix will increase the
strength.
As I do more reading, I also see that the quality of the cement is a factor. With cheap
stuff, you need more cement, so this probably is defined by the composition of the
cement itself. (Is there lime in the mix? How much?)
I'll stop here, as there are MANY factors involved. What kind of sand do you use? Sand
that is composed of perfectly round spheres, all of the same size, will be easily
workable. But it won't be very strong. Sand that is "sharp" fractured with many sharp
edges with varying particle size, will be less easy to mix, less easy to work, but stronger
in terms of cured material properties.
A mix of aggregate sizes will change things too. Very fine sand will require more
cement in the mix, as the tiny particles have more surface area fo r the given volume, so
more cement is needed to coat the sand for good adhesion. But fine sand is easier to
mix, easier to work, easier to stuff into a place. If the surface it must attach too is very
irregular, it may stick better. But adding larger aggregate to a mix will increase the
compressive strength, since large stone is stronger. (At some point, this turns the mortar
into concrete.) Here is a quote that I find on one site:
"Mortar is a cement/sand/water (and usually lime) mixture designed for laying up

masonry units like cement block, stone or brick. Mortar is "sticky" so it adheres to the
block, stone or brick. Concrete is designed to stand alone."
While I am sure I have not covered all of the factors here, this should give you an idea.
There are very many parameters involved. It is not only the amount of cement and sand
that is important, but the exact cement formulation, the type of sand, the amount of
water.
shareimprove this answer

answered May 30 '11 at 11:44

user558

Good point on the aggregate shape. I completely missed that. Chris Cudmore
May 30 '11 at 16:17
add a comment
A few more point to think about:

If mortar is too hard, it will not flex and therefore will tend to crack more so
separate from the bricks.
If the mortar is harder than the brick, then the mortar will wear down slower
than the brick in rain/wind, other along timer with will leave the mortar
sticking out that then collects water and weakens the bricks.
Harder render also lets less water vapour pass, so may stop/slow building
breathing.

up vote 5
down
Hence sometimes a weaker flexible mortar made with lime (and no cement) is better.
vote
edited May 31 '11 at 12:04
answered May 30 '11 at 20:52
Walker
3,55773970

shareimprove this answer

warren
5891720

Yep... the mortar should be weaker than the bricks since you want the mortar to
crack as opposed to cracked/shattered bricks. Michael May 31 '11 at 3:53
add a comment
up vote 4 down vote
I have been a practicing stone mason for fourty years and I have seen the long term affect of the
1:3 mix compared to the 1:2 mix. With proper preparation from the base under the footing and
throughout the build, I recommend the 1:2 mix particularly with flagstone and surfaces that are
going to experience a lot of weather. My experience is almost exclusively in stone though and I
can see where using the softer mix with brick and block might be more beneficial. (To avoid
cracks in the brick or block.) I will say that I have built retainer walls and flagstone structures
using the 1:2 ratio over 30 years ago that have no cracks in them to this day.(01/26/16) The 1:2

ratio seems to hold up to water much better than the 1:3. One more note. The freeze / thaw cycle
is a major enemy to all masonry work and water intrusion can be very detrime ntal.

http://www.allinterview.com/showanswers/137489/what- is-the-ratio-of-grades- m10- m15-m20m25- m30- m35- m40.html

Question
What is the ratio of Grades M10,M15,M20,M25,M30,M35,M40.

Question Submitted By :: Civil Engineering I also faced this Question!!

By Answers were Sorted based on User's Feedback Ans wer
# 1 ratio of M10-1:3:6
M15-1:2:4
M20-1:1.5:3
that rattio is nominal mix basis.above M20,than mix design
is preford.basically M25 consider is 1:1:2
Is This Ans wer Correct ?

1922 Yes

189 No

brajesh kaurav Ans wer

# 2 after M25 we have to control the strength acoording to
garde, so it will be disigned
M10- 1:3:6
M15- 1:2:4
M20- 1:1.5:3
M25- 1:1:2
Is This Ans wer Correct ?

1161 Yes

141 No

hyder Ans wer

# 3 M-5- 1:5:10
M-7.5 -1:4:8
M-10 - 1:3:6
M-15 - 1:2:4
M-20 - 1:1.5:3
M-25 -1:1:2
M-30 - M-40 - Design Mix Followed
Is This Ans wer Correct ?

960 Yes

manoj kumar Ans wer

# 4 M-10 - 1:3:6
M-15 - 1:2:4
M-20 - 1:1.5:3
M-25 - 1:1:2
M-30 - M-40 - Design Mix Followed

108 No

Answer Posted

Is This Ans wer Correct ?

571 Yes

76 No

venki Ans wer

# 5 M5 - 1:5:10
M7.5 - 1:4:8
M10 - 1:3:6
M15 - 1:2:4
M20 - 1:1.5:3
M25 - 1:1:2
M30,M35,M40 - Design Mix Followed
Is This Ans wer Correct ?

510 Yes

68 No

munesh natrrajan Ans wer

# 6 M-5- 1:5:10
M-7.5 -1:4:8
M-10 - 1:3:6
M-15 - 1:2:4
M-20 - 1:1.5:3
M-25 -1:1:2
Is This Ans wer Correct ?

336 Yes

48 No

233 Yes

31 No

222 Yes

38 No

karthik.k Ans wer

# 7 M5 1:5:10
M7.5 1:4:8
M10 1:3:6
M15 1:2:4
M20 1:1.5:3
M25 1:1:2
Is This Ans wer Correct ?

vtu Ans wer

# 8 m25 1:1:2
m20 1:1.5:3
m15 1:2:4
m10 1:3:6
Is This Ans wer Correct ?

alexander paul Ans wer

# 9 m5 = 1:4:8
m10= 1:3:6
m15= 1:2:4

m20= 1:1.5:3
m25= 1:1:2
Is This Ans wer Correct ?

306 Yes

135 No

vikas Ans wer

# 10 No where code IS is specified mix ratios for grade of
concrete. But IS 456-2000 table no 9 is given guideline for
nominal mix of grade M5 to M20 by weigh batches.
At the same time all are mentioned mix ratios. Is it weigh
batch or volume batch

https://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?
qid=20090515060600AAOUBAq
Cement content for 1 cubic metre of 1:2:4
mix concrete is 324kg/cub.mt how this figure
324 comes?
Update: i received answer for this question can anyone clarify how the 4.44 comes on that
calculation
1 following
4 answers
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Answers
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Best Answer: In 1:2:4 concrete, you mix by volume 1part of loose cement, 2 parts of loose sand
and 4 parts of loose aggregates plus water.
These 7 parts of mix + water gives you 4.44 parts of solid concrete.
The ratio of volume of loose mix / solid volume = 7 / 4.44
To have 1 cu.m. of solid concrete, we must have 7 /4.44 cu.m of loose mix.
As 7 cu. m. of loose mix contain 1 cu. m of cement, 7/4.44 cu.m. of loose mix will contain 1/4.44
cu.m of cement.

As loose cement weighs 1440 kg/ cu.m, 1/4.44 cu.m. of cement will weigh
1440/4.44 , which is 324 Kg
Waheed 7 years ago
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depends on who you buy it from, ie a ready- mix company or or one of those smaller
companies who mik from their lorry and lay. I think ready mix is about 160 a cubic
metre, whether you use that amount or not, the mix on site people charge only for the
amount you use. In any case the mix on site is a lot cheaper than the ready mix. or you
could hire a mixer, get a m3 of ballast, and about 10 bags of cement and DIY but that is
hard work and no cheaper. Why not just ring the readymix people and ask them for a
price, they will be happy to help
Joan 2 weeks ago
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M-20 concrete 1 cubic mtr

Mix design 1:1.5:3

1.57+1/(1+1.5+3) = 0.285
cement 1 => 0.285*1440/50 = 8.20 bag
sand 1.5=>0.285*1.5 = 0.427cubic mtr
aggregate =>0.285*3 = 0.855 cubic mtr

_
Regards
Abhinav Kumar