Red Star Belgrade

Not to be confused with Red Star F.C..

Fudbalski klub Crvena Zvezda (Serbian Cyrillic: ena zzda]),
, IPA: [ts
commonly known in English as Red Star Belgrade
(Serbian: / Crvena Zvezda
Beograd) or simply Red Star, is a Serbian professional
football club based in Belgrade, the major part of the
Red Star Sports Society. They are the only Serbian and
ex-Yugoslav club to have won the European Cup, having
done so in 1991, and the only team from Eastern Europe
to have won the Intercontinental Cup, also in 1991. With
27 national championships and 24 national cups between
Serbian and the former Yugoslav competitions, Red Star
was the most successful club in former Yugoslavia and nished as rst in the Yugoslav First League all-time table,[2]
and is the most successful club in Serbia. However, since
the 199192 season, Red Star has failed to qualify in the
group stages of UEFA Champions League.
According to 2008 polls, Red Star Belgrade is the most
popular football club in Serbia, with nearly 48.2% of the
population supporting them.[3] They have many supporters in all other former Yugoslavian republics and in the
Serbian diaspora. Their main rivals are fellow Belgrade
side Partizan. The championship matches between these
two clubs are known as The Eternal derby. In September
2009, British Daily Mail ranked the Red Star Partizan
derby fourth among the 10 greatest football rivalries of
all time.[4]

Red Star legend Rajko Miti.

grade. Red Star was formed from the remains of Jugoslavija and they were given Jugoslavijas stadium, ofces, players, and even their red and white colours. The
name Red Star was assigned to the club after a long discussion, and the rst vice presidents of the Sport Society,
Zoran ujovi and Slobodan osi, were the ones who
assigned it.[6] Red Star was soon adopted as a symbol of
Yugoslavia and Serbia, a sporting institution that remains
the countrys most popular to this day.[7] On that day,
Red Star played the rst football match in the clubs history against the First Battalion of the Second Brigade of
KNOJ (Peoples Defence Corps of Yugoslavia) and won,
30.

According to the International Federation of Football

History & Statistics' list of the Top 200 European clubs of
the 20th century, Red Star Belgrade is the highest-ranked
Serbian and Ex-Yugoslavian club, sharing the 27th position on the list with Dutch club Feyenoord Rotterdam.[5]

History

Main article: History of Red Star Belgrade

In February 1945, during World War II, a group of young
men, members of the Serbian United Antifascist Youth
League, decided to form a Youth Physical Culture Society, that was to become Red Star Belgrade on 4 March.
At the end of the Second World War, several pre-war
Yugoslav clubs were dissolved because they had played
matches during the war and were labelled collaborators
by Marshal Titos communist authorities. Two of these
clubs from Belgrade were SK Jugoslavija and BSK Bel-

Red Stars rst successes involved small steps to recognition. The club won its rst championship in 1951. It
was a team of players consisting of Stankovi, Popovi,
Miti, Kosti and ekularac. Those football players,
whose names are still remembered, won four Yugoslav
championships and two Cups, not missing the opportunity to win every Yugoslav Trophy for ve straight seasons. As champions, Red Star were Yugoslavias entrants into the 195758 European Cup where they were
famously beaten, 54, on aggregate by English champions
1

2
Manchester United in the quarter-nals, with the team
managed by Matt Busby beating Red Star, 21, in the
rst leg in England before drawing, 33, with them in
Yugoslavia in the return game on 5 February at JNA Stadium.[8] The second leg is notable for being the last game
played by the "Busby Babes". On the return ight to England the following day, the plane crashed in Munich, West
Germany, resulting in the deaths of 23 people including
eight Manchester United players.

HISTORY

100,000 ery supporters, fell behind today a goal from

Milo esti, but Juriis own goal gave Gladbach a psychological advantage before the rematch. This game was
played at the Rheinstadion in Dsseldorf, where the Italian referee gave a questionable penalty to the Germans,
and the Danish player Allan Simonsen sealed Red Stars
fate. The Foals won, 21, on aggregate.[9]
After the 1970s, historical matches against Udo Latteks
Barcelona followed during the 198283 European Cup
Winners Cup. In both matches Barcelona were the better team and Red Star was eliminated. Remarkably, when
Baras Maradona scored his second goal in front of about
100,000 spectators at Marakana, the Belgrade audience
were so excited about the goal, that even the loyal Belgrade fans applauded Maradona.[10] Gojko Zec returned
to the team in 1983, nding only one player from the
champions generation he was coaching back in 1977
Milo esti. Zec similarly repeated the teams triumph
from his previous mandate by winning the championship
immediately upon his arrival. Gojko Zec would later
leave the club in a controversial Scheibers case-style scandal which was the result of irregularities in the 1986 season.

Stojanovi (C)
Miletovi
Jurii
Jovanovi
Jovin
Muslin
Petrovi
Milovanovi
Blagojevi
Savi
Milosavljevi
Red Stars starting lineup against Borussia in Dsseldorf, 1979 UEFA Cup Final. (coach: Branko Stankovi).
After the Miljani era, it was the time of Gojko Zec,
whose reign as head coach was to last four years and bring
Red Star three trophies and the rst great European nal. The rst season with Gojko Zec at the helm was
quite literally a real demonstration of force the league
was won with an advantage of nine points over all rivals,
which was, up to that moment, the biggest margin of victory in the history of the league. In the following season,
Red Star nished second in the league, paving the way
for a great performance in the 19781979 season of the
UEFA Cup. After eliminating teams like Arsenal, West
Bromwich and Hertha BSC, Red Star made for the rst
time the Cup nal. And there, Red Star met Borussia
Mnchengladbach, who played ve European nals from
19731980. The Germans, who were backed by about

Stojanovi (C)
Belodedi
Marovi
abanadovi
Najdoski
Jugovi
Mihajlovi
Bini
Savievi
Prosineki
Panev
Red Stars starting lineup against Marseille in 1991
European Cup Final. (coach: Ljupko Petrovi).

3
After Zec left in 1986, there were great changes in the
club. The management of the club, run by Dragan Daji and Vladimir Cvetkovi, began to build a team that
could compete with some of the most powerful European sides. During that summer, Velibor Vasovi became
coach and the side was strengthened by acquiring a number of talented young players, among whom Dragan Stojkovi and Borislav Cvetkovi stood out. In the rst season that started with penalty points, Red Star focused on
the European Cup and achieving good results. In 1987,
a ve-year plan was developed by the club with the only
goal being to win the European Cup. All that was planned
was nally achieved. On the clubs birthday in 1987,
it started. Real Madrid were defeated at "Marakana".
From that day through to March 1992, Red Star enjoyed
the best period of success in its history. In these ve seasons, Red Star won four National Championships; in the
last of those four years of heyday, the club won the 1991
European Cup Final which was played in Bari. Red Star
coach Petrovi brought the team to Italy a week before
the nals, in order to peacefully prepare the players for
a forthcoming encounter with Olympique Marseille. By
that time, Red Star had 18 goals in 8 matches, whereas
the French champions had 20. Therefore, the 100th European competing nal was expected to be a spectacle of
oense. Nonetheless, both Petrovi and Goethals opted
for defence and the match settled down into a war of attrition. After a 120-minute game and only few chances on
both sides, the match was decided following the penalty
shootout. After several minutes of stressful penalties, two
of Marseilles players missed their penalties, and Darko
Panev converted his penalty and brought the European
Cup to Yugoslavia for the rst time. Red Star won the
shootout, 53, on 29 May 1991 in front of 60,000 spectators and the millions watching on television around the
world. 20,000 Red Star fans at Stadio San Nicola and
millions of them all over Yugoslavia and the World celebrate the greatest joy in Red Stars history. Sadly the night
of the 1991 European Cup Final was to prove to be one
of the nal times that Yugoslavia could come together to
celebrate as one.[11][12] They won unbeaten the 199091
European Cup in Bari and the 1991 Intercontinental Cup
in Tokyo.
In 1992, the club was weakened by the departure of almost the whole champions generation (new players were
later added, such as Drobnjak and Ivi). In addition,
Red Star had to defend the trophy out of their country due to the war in former Yugoslavia (not even in
Serbia, although there was possible locations), thereby
reducing their chances of defending their title. UEFA
changed the form of the championship that year and instead of the cup they started the 199192 Champions
League, in which eight best teams from the continent participated. In domestic competition, main rival Dinamo
Zagreb left the league, just as all the other clubs from
Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia did, and the championship in a Yugoslavia that was cut in size was played on
the edge of observance of regulations around the begin-

Dejan Stankovi was the youngest captain ever in Red Stars history.

ning of the Bosnian War. At the end of May the UN had

the country under sanctions and dislodged Yugoslav football from the international scene. The disintegration of
Yugoslavia, the civil war (19921995), the ination and
the UN sanctions have hit Red Star hard. In the period between May 1992 and May 2000, only one championship
victory was celebrated at Marakana. However, they did
manage to win ve cups, along with several glorious European performances, including the famed 1996 UEFA
Cup Winners Cup showdown against an FC Barcelona
side which featured Ronaldo and Hristo Stoichkov.
Immediately after the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
ended, Red Star won the 17th cup in its history by winning
4:2 against Partizan. Just a season later, the club returned
to the European spotlight by making it to the 200102
UEFA Champions League qualication, where Red Star
was eliminated by Bayer from Leverkusen (00 and 03
in away), which would later be a nalist in the Champions League that year. Muslin left the bench in September
2001, after which Red Stars subsequent seasons became
more volatile.
In the 200607 UEFA Champions League qualifying
rounds, Red Star was barely eliminated (by 31 aggregate score) by the same A.C. Milan side which ended
up winning the 2007 UEFA Champions League Final.
Furthermore, the campaign in Group F of the 200708

UEFA Cup was a large disappointment, especially given

that the rst game against Bayern Munich was a sensational last-minute loss (by a score of 23 in Belgrade).
In those recent years, Red Stars teams featured the likes
of igi, Panteli, Jankovi, Lukovi, Basta, Bievac,
Milija, Koroman, Castillo, Gueye, and oki. After a
six-year drought, Red star won their 26th league title in
season 201314.
Despite Red Stars success on the pitch in 201314, the
nancial situation at the club has worsenedso much so
that the club were banned from participating in the 2014
15 UEFA Champions League for which they qualied by
winning the Serbian SuperLiga. The UEFA Club Financial Control Body found that Red Stars debts to players,
some of whom had not been paid for at least six months,
sta and other clubs, totalled 1.86 million. The club
board were also alleged to have hidden debts and falsied
documents. This, on top of an earlier UEFA disciplinary
measure in 2011, meant Red Star did not meet the necessary Club Licensing and Financial Fair Play criteria and,
as such, should not have been granted a UEFA license by
the Serbian FA.[13] Rivals Partizan took Red Stars place
in the UEFA Champions League.

Crest and colours

STADIUM

one next to the all-white one. Red Star used also as away
kit or third kit, an all-blue jersey, but very rarely, so that
the club used all the colours of the Serbian ag. The crest
is a red ve-pointed star, white framed, on a red-white
background. In addition, the whole crest is framed with
gold colour. There are two golden stars on the top of their
emblem, symbolizing the twenty titles won.

3 Stadium

Red Star Stadium viewed from the air.

Main article: Rajko Miti Stadium

Red Star Belgrades previous logo used from 1996/97 till

2011/2012

At the end of the World War II, several of pre-war

Yugoslav clubs were dissolved because they had played
matches during the war and were labelled collaborators by
Marshal Titos communist authorities. One of these clubs
were SK Jugoslavija from Belgrade. Red Star was formed
from the remains of Jugoslavija and they were given their
red and white colours. The typical kit of Red Star is a
shirt with red and white vertical stripes, and red or white
shorts and socks. Sometimes used the club also an all-red

Red Stars home ground is the Rajko Miti Stadium

(since 21 December 2014), formerly known as Red Star
stadium. With a maximum capacity of about 60,000,
of which 55,538 are seated, it is the largest stadium in
Serbia and in the former Yugoslavia. The stadium was
opened in 1963, and in the course of time and due to the
fact that stadiums former capacity was about 110,000,
it got the unocial moniker Marakana, after the large
and famous Maracan stadium in Brazil, and Belgrades
sold-out Marakana garnered the reputation of being a
very tough ground for visiting teams to play in. During
the mid-90s, in order to meet UEFA demands for spectators comfort and security, standing places at the stadium were completely done away with and seats were
installed on all four stands. In the years, since the stadiums capacity was gradually decreased, followed different stadium modernisations. In 2008, the club reconstructed the stadiums pitch, under-soil grass heaters, improved drainage systems were installed and new modern turf replaced the old surface. The training pitch,
located next to the stadium, was also renovated by laying down synthetic turf and installing new lighting equipment. In 2011, the stadium received also a new modern
LED scoreboard. Today, the stadium has a central lodge,
named 5 Zvezdinih Zvezda (English: 5 Stars of Red Star),
which consist of ve segments, each bears the name of
one of Red Stars legendary players (Miti, ekularac,
Daji, Petrovi, Stojkovi), two other VIP lounges and
a special VIP gallery with over 450 seats. It has also a

5
modern press box with a capacity of 344 seats including seven extra-comfortable seats, an extra media center,
the Red Cafe and a restaurant. On the west stand of the
stadium exist also an ocial Red Star shop along with
a Delije shop. The playing eld measures are 110 x 73
m, and is illuminated by 1,400 lux oodlights. According to the known German Web portal Stadionwelt, Belgrades Marakana is in the top 50 football stadiums in
Europe.[14] In 2012, American Bleacher Report ranked
the Red Star Stadium, especially if its sold out, as the
among the most intimidating stadiums in the world.[15]

4
4.1

Youth school
History

Some of the most notable home-grown players are

Dragan Daji, ocially the best player in the history of
Serbia (the choice of the Football Association on the 50th
anniversary of UEFA, known as the Golden Player), who
achieved the 3rd place at the election for the European
Footballer of the Year in 1968, then Dragoslav ekularac a runner-up with Yugoslavia at the 1960 European
Football Championship, Vladimir Petrovi Pion the
fourth Star of Red Star, Vladimir Jugovi two times the
European Cup winner (with Red Star & Juventus), as well
as Nemanja Vidi, Dejan Stankovi and Duan Savi.
Other former home-grown players include Stanislav
Karasi, Vladica Popovi, Vladislav Bogievi, Boko
and Milko urovski, Zoran Filipovi, Ratomir Dujkovi,
Ognjen Petrovi, Stevan Stojanovi (the goalkeeper of
the European Cup winner 1991 generation) and Milo
esti. Further notable players from the last 25 years
are Nemanja Vidic, Dejan Stankovic, Perica Ognjenovi, Neboja Krupnikovi, Goran Druli, Zoran Jovii,
Vladan Luki, Goran Gavrani, Nikola Lazeti, Marko
Panteli, Boko Jankovi, Duan Basta, Nenad Tomovi,
Zvonko Milojevi, Filip orevi, Vladimir Stojkovi,
Dragan Mra, Dejan Milovanovi and Vladimir Diljenkovi.
Former Red Star & Real Madrid football coach legend
Miljan Miljani, was also a member of Red Stars football
youth school.

4.2

Delije section at Red Star Stadium.

Current coaching sta

Supporters

Main article: Delije

The organized supporters of Red Star are known as
Delije, the plural of the singular form Delija, which in
Serbian generally signies a courageous, brave, strong or
even handsome young man. A rough English translation might be simply Hardman or Studs. The name

Delije rst began to be used by hardcore Red Star supporters during the late 1980s, with ocial inauguration
taking place in 1989. Up to that point, the Red Star
fans were scattered amongst several organized fan groups
that shared in the north stand of Red Stars stadium. The
Delije belongs today to one of the most famous supporter
groups in the world, who support all clubs in the Red Star
Sports Society. Their style of supporting includes the
use of large and small ags, displaying of banners and especially the creation of colorful and large choreographies,
noisy and constant cheering and other supporters stu.
The acoustic support is often coordinated by a so-called
Vodja (Serbian: leader) by a megaphone and accompanied by drums. Delije members exist also outside of
Belgrade, as well exist various fan groups in cities across
Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. They
also have members in all other former Yugoslavian republics and in the Yugoslavian diaspora. As a sign of appreciation, Red Star painted in the late 1990s, the word
Delije in block letters across their stadiums north stand.
Since the mid-1980s the supporters maintain brotherhood
relations with Olympiacos CFP ultras a friendship based
on common Orthodox faith and same club colours. Since
the mid-2000s FC Spartak Moscow fans are also included
in this friendship.

6 The Eternal derby

Main article: Veiti derbi
Red Stars ercest and long standing city rival is FK Partizan, the other large and popular sport society in Serbia.
They also have many supporters in all other former Yugoslavian republics and also in the Yugoslavian diaspora.
The rivalry started immediately after the creation of the
two clubs in 1945. Red Star was founded with close ties to
the Interior ministry and Partizan as the football section
of the Yugoslav Peoples Army. Since then, both clubs
have been dominant in domestic football. The match is
particularly noted for the passion of the Red Stars sup-

HONOURS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

68, 1968-69, 1969-70, 1972-73, 1976-77,

1979-80, 1980-81, 1983-84, 1987-88, 198990, 1990-91, 1991-92
First League of FR Yugoslavia/First League of
Serbia and Montenegro
Winners (5): 1994-95, 1999-2000, 2000-01,
2003-04, 2005-06
Serbian SuperLiga
Winners (3): 2006-07, 2013-14, 2015-16
National Cups 24 (record)
Grati of the Delije at Red Star Stadium.

porters, called Delije, and Partizans supporters, the Grobari (English: Gravediggers or Undertakers). The stands
of both teams feature reworks, coloured confetti, ags,
rolls of paper, torches, smoke, drums, giant posters and
choreographies, used to create visual grandeur and apply
psychological pressure on the visiting teams, hence the
slogan Welcome to Hellgrade. Some fans also sometimes use trumpets, similar to the supporters in South
America. This creates for the region a typical and distinctive Balkan Brass Band atmosphere. Both sets of supporters sing passionate songs against their rivals, and the stadiums are known to bounce with the simultaneous jumping
of the fans. There are many derbies in world football but
very few compare to this, it is more than just game and
has a deeper meaning. The duel is regarded as one of the
greatest football rivalries in the world and the matches
between these rivals have been labeled as the Eternal
derby. Given its widespread touch on the entirety of a
major city, its dubbed one of, along with the Old Firm,
the Rome derby and the Istanbul derby, the most heated
rivalries in European football.[23] In 2009, British Daily
Mail ranked the Eternal derby 4th among the 10 greatest
football rivalries of all time.[4] The biggest attendance for
a Red Star Partizan match was about 108,000 spectators
at the Red Star Stadium.

Yugoslav Cup
Winners (12): 1947-48, 1948-49, 1950,
1957-58, 1958-59, 1963-64, 1967-68, 196970, 1970-71, 1981-82, 1984-85, 1989-90
FR Yugoslavia Cup/Serbia and Montenegro Cup

Winners (9): 1992-93, 1994-95, 199596, 1996-97, 1998-99, 1999-2000, 2001-02,

2003-04, 2005-06

Serbian Cup
Winners (3): 2006-07, 2009-10, 2011-12

7.2 International
Red Star is the most successful club from Serbia (and former Yugoslavia) in all European competitions, and the
only club from Eastern Europe that has won both UEFA
Champions League and Intercontinental Cup. The club
competed in 50 European seasons, and the most notable
results are:
International titles 4
European Cup/Champions League
Winner (1): 1990-91

Honours and achievements

UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League

Runners-up (1): 1978-79

Red Star has won 2 international trophies, 2 regional, and

51 domestic making them the most successful football
club in Serbia and former Yugoslavia.

Mitropa Cup

7.1

Intercontinental Cup

Domestic

National Championships 27 (record)

Yugoslav First League

Winner (2): 1957-58, 1967-68

Winner (1): 1991

UEFA Super Cup:
Runners-up (1): 1991

Winners (19): 1951, 1952-53, 1955-56,

1956-57, 1958-59, 1959-60, 1963-64, 1967- Other Tournaments 17

7.3
7.3.1

Individual awards
Domestic

Yugoslav First League top scorers

FR Yugoslavia First League top scorers

Dragan Daji (1968)

UEFA Euro Top Scorer

Dragan Daji (1968)

UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament

Serbia and Montenegro First League top scorers

Serbian SuperLiga top scorers

Yugoslav Footballer of the Year

Vladimir Petrovi (1980)

Dragan Stojkovi (1988)
Dragan Stojkovi (1989)
Robert Prosineki (1990)
Sportperson of the Year in Yugoslavia

Dragan Daji (1969)

Dejan Savievi (1991)
Serbian SuperLiga Footballer of the Year

Nenad Milija (2009)

Hugo Vieira (2016)

7.3.2

International

Ballon d'or
2nd:

Dejan Savievi (1991)

2nd:

Darko Panev (1991)

3rd:

Dragan Daji (1968)

European Golden Boot

Darko Panev (1991)

Golden Player

Dragan Daji (2004)

FIFA Best Young Player Award

Robert Prosineki (1990)

UEFA Euro Player of the Tournament

Vladimir Durkovi, Bora Kosti, Dragoslav

ekularac (1960)
Dragan Daji (1968, 1976)

8 Club records
Dragan Daji is Red Stars record appearance holder,
with 615 matches. The goal-scoring record-holder is
also Dragan Daji, with 370 goals. Numerous Red
Stars players were in the Yugoslavian national team
and Rajko Miti, Dragoslav ekularac, Dragan Daji,
Branko Stankovi, Vladimir Durkovi, Vladica Popovi,
Jovan Aimovi, Vladimir Petrovi, Tomislav Ivkovi,
Duan Savi, Milo esti, Dragan Stojkovi and Dejan
Savievi (a former player A.C. Milan ) are among
them. Dragan Daji played 85 matches for the Yugoslavian national football team, a national record. Red
Star holds records such as to be only the second foreign
team that could beat Liverpool on the Aneld Road (after Ferencvros in the 196768 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup),
which was also the only defeat of Liverpool at home in the
European Cup history in the whole 20th century (during
197374 European Cup).[24] Red Star was also the rst
team that could beat Bayern Munich on the Olympic Stadium in its long UEFA competition history (during the
199091 European Cup).[25] They are the only Serbian
(and ex-Yugoslav) club, and only the second team from
this southern corner of Europe and Eastern Europe, to
have ever won the European Cup, having done in 1991,
which was also the 100th UEFA competing nal. Red
Star is among the nine clubs, which have ever won the
European Cup unbeaten. They are also the only team
from the Balkans and Eastern Europe to have ever won
the Intercontinental Cup, which it won also in 1991. Red
Star is the second most successful club from the Balkans
and Eastern Europe, behind only to FC Steaua Bucharest,
being the only club to win both UEFA Champions League
and Intercontinental Cup. The Romanian football player
Miodrag Belodedici was the rst ever Red Star player to
have won the European Cup with two dierent teams,
Steaua and Red Star, and very curious both of the teams
names mean Star. Later, the double winners were also
Dejan Savievi (Red Star and AC Milan) and Vladimir
Jugovi (Red Star and Juventus)

8.1 Top 10 scorers of all time

Last updated on: 7 September 2014

11 NOTABLE PLAYERS

8.2

Top 10 most appearances of all time

10.2 Club presidents

Last updated on: 25 October 2013

11 Notable players

8.3

Main article: List of Red Star Belgrade footballers

Club all-time European record

Main article: List of Red Star Belgrade ocial European

matches

As of Aug 08, 2013

8.3.1

UEFA Ranking
As of 19/05/2016 [26]

8.3.2

Best results in European competitions

Biggest win in UEFA competition:

11.1 Stars of Red Star

Red Star has almost a 50-year-long tradition of giving the
title of the Star of Red Star (Serbian: /
Zvezdina zvezda) to the players that had a major impact
on the clubs history and have made the name of the club
famous around the globe. So far, ve players and the entire 1991 team were ocially given the title. They are:
The 1st Star of Red Star: Rajko Miti
The 2nd Star of Red Star: Dragoslav ekularac
The 3rd Star of Red Star: Dragan Daji

Current squad

9.1

First team
As of 1 July 2016.[27][28][29]

Note: Flags indicate national team as dened under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

9.2

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as dened under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

For recent transfers, see List of Serbian football transfers

summer 2016.

9.3

Retired number(s)

Main article: Retired numbers in football

12

10
10.1

Delije (the 12th Man)

Club ocials
Coaching history

For details see List of Red Star Belgrade football coaches

The 4th Star of Red Star: Vladimir Petrovi Pion

The 5th Star of Red Star: Dragan Stojkovi Piksi
The 6th Star of Red Star: The 1991 European Cup
Winner Generation

11.2 The 1991 European and World

Champions Generation
Coach:

Ljupko Petrovi, born in Brusnica Velika, SR

Bosnia and Herzegovina, spent his playing career
in Yugoslavia with Osijek in the 1970s, and in the
United States playing indoor soccer during the early
1980s. In 1982 he returns to Yugoslavia and starts
his coaching career at youth levels of his former
club Osijek. In 1984 he becomes assistant manager
at Spanish side Espanyol and soon return to Osijek
now to become the main manager for 3 years. Later
he spends one season with Spartak Subotica before
coaching Yugoslav national team youth levels during 1987 and 1988. Next he manages Vojvodina
between 1988 and 1990 and archives an exceptional
result by winning with them the Yugoslav championship in 1989. This success will open the door for
him to Red Star who bring him and Sinia Mihajlovi from Vojvodina. After winning the European
and Intercontinental Cups with Red Star, he coaches
numerous clubs throughout the world.[33]

Goalkeepers:

11.2

The 1991 European and World Champions Generation

Stevan Stojanovi (captain), born in Kosovska
Mitrovica, SR Serbia, was Red Star goalkeeper
for almost a decade. He later played with Royal
Antwerp in Belgium. He was Yugoslav U-21 and
Olympic international. He was the captain of the
team and after retiring became players agent. During the period Dragan Stojkovi was Red Star president he returned to the club as sports director.[33]

Mili Jovanovi, born in Belgrade, SR Serbia,

came to Red Star from Napredak, and later played
during the 1990s in Portugal.

eljko Kaluerovi, born in Bar, SR Montenegro, came to Red Star from Mornar. He later played
with Djurgrden in Sweden.

Defenders:

9
he was in the direction board of the Football Federation of Macedonia. His son, Dino, also became
footballer.[33]

Duko Radinovi, born in SR Montenegro,

played with OFK Titograd and Sutjeska before joining Red Star. Afterward he played in Sweden. He
got injured day before the nal and missed the game
because of it, but his contribution in getting there
was signicant. After retiring Radin continued
living in Sweden where he became a highschool
teacher and where also keeps his links wiith football by being the assistant manager of Malm City
FC.[33]

Rek abanadovi, born in Tuzi, SR Montenegro, a Montenegrin Bosniak, he played with

eljezniar Sarajevo where he became one of their
main players during the mid-1980s and a Yugoslav
national team player. He came to Red Star in 1987
and played 4 seasons in Belgrade. Later he moved
to Greece where he played 7 seasons in the very top
of Greek football with AEK Athens and Olympiacos. He nished his career in the United States. He
was a member of the Yugoslav 1988 Olympic squad
and played in the 1990 World Cup. After retiring,
he lives between Podgorica and Sarajevo where he
owns caes, Studio 5 and Studio 4 respectively.[33]

Miodrag Belodedici, born in Socol, Romania,

was the only foreigner in Red Star that season, although his family was part of the Serbian minority in
Romania. He came to Red Star after defecting from
Ceauescus regime in 1988. By the time he came,
he already won the European Cup with Steaua in
1986, and 5 Romanian championships, and was an
established player of the Romanian national team.
After 3 seasons in Belgrade, he continued his career

Goran Vasilijevi, born in SR Serbia, played

in Spanish La liga with Valencia, Valladolid and Vilwith Zemun and Radniki Ni before coming to Red
larreal, before nishing his career in Mexico playStar. Later he played in Bulgaria and Japan.
ing with Atlante. He made over 50 appearances for
the Romanian national team and was part of Romanian squad at the 1994 World Cup, 1996 EURO and Midelders:
2000 EURO. After retiring, he became director in
the Romanian Football Federation responsible for

Sinia Mihajlovi, born in Vukovar, SR Croathe youth program.[33]

tia, a Serb from Croatia, started playing with a local
club, Borovo, from where he moved to Vojvodina.

Slobodan Marovi, born in Bar, SR MonteneHe was part of Vojvodina golden generation that
gro, played with Osijek before joining Red Star. Afwon the Yugoslav championship in 1989. A year
terward he continued his career in Sweden, Denlater he came to Red Star and became one of the
mark and China. He was a Yugoslav international.
more inuential and charismatic players. In 1992
After retiring he involved hiimself in the turism
when economical and sports sanctions were imposed
buissiness renting apartments in his hometown Bar.
to FR Yugoslavia not allowing its teams to compete
Later between 2010and 2012 he was assistant maninternationally, he moved to Italy where he played
ager at Red Star while Prosineki was the coach.[33]
the rest of his career with Serie A teams Roma,

Ivica Momilovi, born in Bojnik, SR Serbia,

Sampdoria, Lazio and Inter. He is considered by
played with Napredak before joining Red Star. Afspecialists as one of the best free-kick takers of all
terward he played in Cyprus and Sweden.
time. He played 63 matches and scored 10 goals for
the Yugoslav national team, and was present at the

Ilija Najdoski, born in Kruevo, SR Macedo1998 World Cup and EURO 2000. After retiring he
nia, was one of the main Vardar players during the
became a coach.
1980s. He joined Red Star in 1988. After 4 season

Milorad Ratkovi, born in Zenica, SR Bosnia

with the Red&Whites he moved to Spain where he
and Herzegovina, was one of the star players of eplayed 2 seasons in La liga with Valladolid. He later
lik Zenica during the 1980s from where he came to
played with Denizlispor, CSKA Soa and FC Sion
Red Star in 1990. Besides a loan to Borac Banja
before retiring. He was Yugoslav international, and
Luka, he later played in Spain with Celta Vigo and
later during the mid-1990s one of the main players
Sevilla.
of the Macedonian national team. For a short period

10

11 NOTABLE PLAYERS

Vlada Stoi, born in Vranje, SR Serbia, was

only 19 when he came to Red Star in 1984. He
stayed in the club until the winter break of the 1991
92 season when he moved to Spain and play with
Mallorca and Betis during the mid-1990s. Then, in
1997, he joined Belodedici in Mexico and played a
season with him at Atlante. He nished his career in
Portugal with Vitoria Setubal. He played one match
for the Yugoslav national team in 1990. Since mid1990s he became involved in the direction of Betis
where he later became sports director.[33]

Rade Toi, born near Ugljevik, SR Bosnia and

Herzegovina, played most of the 1980s with Sloboda Tuzla. He became Yugoslav national team
player and joined Hajduk Split in 1988. Red Star
brought him from Hajduk in 1990. After two seasons with Red Star, he continued his career in Spain
with Mrida and Catellon.

Vladimir Jugovi, born in Milutovac, SR Serbia, was one of the main Yugoslav players during
the 1990s. He came young to Red Star, however, in
three seasons he won it all. He joined Sampdoria in
1992, later Juventus, Lazio and Inter, and will play
in the Italian Serie A until 2001, with the exception of the 199899 season that he will play in the
Spanish La Liga with Atltico Madrid. He played
41 matches for the Yugoslav national team, scoring on three occasions, and was present at the 1998
World Cup and EURO 2000. Among all members of this generation, he is the one that won most
trophies in his career. After ending his career he
spent a short period in the direction board of Red
Star. Later he became players agent and spends time
scouting players and helping them build a strong career. He mainly lived in Vienna, but also in Belgrade, Monaco and Palma de Mallorca.[33]

Robert Prosineki, born in Schwenningen,

West Germany, was a son of Yugoslav emigrants.
Still in Germany he started playing in the youth team
of Stuttgarter Kickers. In 1980 he returned with his
family to Yugoslavia and joined Dinamo Zagreb. He
debuted for Dinamo senior team in 198687, how- Strikers:
ever in the next season he was brought to Belgrade

Darko Panev, born in Skopje, SR Macedonia,

by Red Star. He immedatelly established himself
started playing with Vardar Skopje in 1982 and beas one of the most talented Yugoslav youngsters, a
came Yugoslav First League topscorer in the 1983
fame which will be conrmed by his exhibitions at
84 season being only 19. Red Star brought him in
the 1987 FIFA youth championship where he helped
summer 1988 and during the 4 seasons he spent in
Yugoslav team win the gold and got himself acBelgrade, he became clubs main goalscorer. He was
claimed as tournaments best player. He was among
again Yugoslav championship topscorer in 3 seasons
the crutial players of Red Star during his 4 seasons in
in a row between 1989 until 1992, and he will win
the club. In the meantime he also became Yugoslav
the European Golden Boot in 1991. He made 91
national team player and played in the 1990 World
appearances and scored 84 goals in the league for
Cup where he got the title of the best young player.
Red Star. In 1992 he signed with Inter, however he
With all this, it was no surprise his move to Real
didn't adapted well in Italy, and later played in GerMadrid in 1991. After three seasons in Madrid, he
many and Switzerland before nishing his career.
played another three seasons in Spanish La liga, with

Oviedo, Barcelona and Sevilla, one season each. By

this time the old Yugoslavia got dismembered, and
Prosi chose to represent his father country, Croatia. He became a regular in the Croatian national
team and played with them in the EURO 1996, 1998
World Cup (where Croatia nished third) and 2002
World Cup. After retiring he became a coach. First
he was assistant of Slaven Bili in the Croatian national team and then it was preciselly Red Star that
gave him the chance to debut as main coach where
he stayed between 2010 and 2012.[33]

Dejan Savievi, born in Titograd, SR Montenegro, was playing with Budunost when during
the season 198788 he became chased by major Yugoslav clubs. The back then 21-year-old talented
youngster at the end of the season ended up signing with Red Star and will become one of clubs legends. He was only 20 when he debuted for the Yugoslav national team and since then became a regular. He stayed three and a half seasons with Red
Star, a period which was crowned with the 1991
European Cup and him winning the Ballon d'Or in
1991. Besides, he was awarded as the Yugoslav
best athlete that same year. In 1992 he joined AC
Milan and stayed in San Siro for the next 6 and a
half years. With Milan he won in 1994 the Champions League and the European Supercup, besides
3 Serie A titles and 2 Italian Supercup titles. He
became known by the Milan fans as Maestro and
one of his main highlghts was the incredible goal
he scored against Barcelona in the 1994 Champions League nal. He left Milan during the 1998
99 winter break and joined again Red Star. However, he stayed only half a season, and left to Rapid
Wien where he played two more seasons before retiring. During the entire 1990s he was among the
main players of the Yugoslav national team, and has
played in the 1990 and 1998 World Cups. After
retreing for a period he coached FR Yugoslavia national team for a period, and in 2004 he became the
president of the Football Association of Montenegro.[33]

11
Regarded as one of the best Macedonian players 12 Kit manufacturers and shirt
ever, he was a regular in the Yugoslav national team
sponsors
during the late 1980s and played with Yugoslavia in
the 1990 World Cup. Later he played for the Macedonian national team in their rst matches between 13 In popular culture
1993 and 1995. After retiring he worked shortly in
the Macedonian Football Federation and later became the sports director of Vardar. However he de- The clubs name in Serbian is also the title of the 2013
cided to step away from football and became a cae Italian novel Crvena Zvezda by Enrico Varrecchione.
Written in the alternate history genre, utilizing elements
owner in Skopje.[33]
of uchronia, its story is based on the premise of what if
the 9 November 1988 return leg of the European Cup sec
Dragia Bini, born in Kruevac, SR Serbia, ond round clash between Red Star and AC Milan hadn't
played with Napredak and Radniki Ni before join- been ordered abandoned by German referee Dieter Pauly
ing Red Star in 1987. He played with Red Star only in the 65th minute due to thick fog that night in Belgrade.
one season and will play with French side Brest and Red Star were leading 10 after a goal by Dejan SavieSpanish Levante before returning to a second spell vi and were also a man up due to Milan striker Pietro
with Red Star in what will be a European Cup win- Paolo Virdis receiving a red card. After abandonment,
ning season. After that season he moved abroad UEFA cancelled the match and ordered it replayed in
again playing with a number of clubs such as Slavia full the next day. This time it nished 11 and went to
Prague, APOEL and Nagoya Grampus. He played penalties (the rst leg in Milan also ended 11) where
for the Yugoslav national team in 1990 and 1991. Milan won and went through to the quarter-nals, evenAFter retiring, he entered the direction board of FK tually winning the European Cup thus getting the covObili, rst a sports director and then as club presi- eted trophy again after twenty years, the clubs rst under
dent. He kept his ties with Red Star by being mem- its recently arrived owner, ambitious businessman Silvio
ber of the club assembly. He was also the president Berlusconi. In the novels parallel universe, Red Star
of FK Napredak Kruevac. His son, Vladan is also won the 8 November 1988 match in Belgrade and eliminated AC Milan, which thus never won its 1989 European
a footballer.[33]
Cup, meaning that Berlusconis ultimate entry into Italian
politics had a much weaker background push, which ad
Vladan Luki, born in Sopot, SR Serbia, came versely aected his performance at the 1994 Italian gento Red Star in 1986 aged only 16. His great scoring eral election.[34] The novel also follows the fate of Red
abilities made him become a regular in the Yugoslav Stars ctional striker, loosely based on Savievi, Jovan
national team in 1991, however his luck turned Eldzic who scored the famous goal in the fog and later
around in a match against Austria when he got an went on to transfer to AC Milan where he achieved more
injury. He left Red Star in 1993 when he joined accolades, eventually taking Italian citizenship, remainAtltico Madrid. During his career until 2000 he ing living in Italy upon retiring from football before enalso played with Vojvodina, OFK Belgrade, Mar- tering politics and running for mayor of a small town in
bella, Sion, Metz and Paniliakos. In 1998 he played Piedmont's Alessandria province.[34]
2 more games for FR Yugoslavia national team. After retiring he became the chairman of his home- Billy Bragg's 1991 UK top thirty hit song "Sexuality" contown club, FK Sopot, and between 2009 and 2012 tains the lyric I had an uncle who once played for Red
Star Belgrade. When interviewed many years later Bragg
he was Red Star president.
was asked if this was true, to which he replied that his
uncle actually played for Fulham but that did not t the
rhyme with played.[35]

11.3

More notable players

To appear in this section a player must have

either:
Played at least 80 matches for the club.

A band from Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United

States,[36] is called Red Star Belgrade.

14 References
[1] Stadion Rajko Miti (Marakana)". Retrieved 25 June
2015.

Had senior national team appearances.

[2] Yugoslavian rst league all-time table

Notable foreign players.

[3] Svaki drugi Srbin navija za Crvenu zvezdu retrieved from

b92.net, 18 March 2008

12

15

EXTERNAL LINKS

[4] THE LIST: The greatest rivalries in club football, Nos

101. Mail Online. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

[28] Licensed for Uefa Europa League. UEFA. Retrieved 30

June 2015.

[5] Europes Club of the Century retrieved from ihs.de, 13

September 2009

[29] List of licensed footballers. Red Star Belgrade ocial

website. Retrieved 17 July 2015.

[6] History Start. crvenazvezdafk.com.

[30] FUDBAL number 32 pages 2865, 2878, 2984 & 2985

at Football Association of Serbia ocial website (Serbian)

[7] Classic club: Red Star claim gold for the Balkan peninsula FIFA.com. FIFA.com. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
[8] Crvena Zvezda Manchester United 3:3. YouTube. 6
February 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
[9] Finale Kupa UEFA 1979. YouTube. 15 February 2011.
Retrieved 25 June 2015.
[10] Crvena Zvezda FC Barcelona 2:4 (1982.). YouTube. 11
August 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
[11] Crvena Zvezda Olympique Marseille penali 5:3.
YouTube. 13 November 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
[12] Bari 1991. Dodela pehara ampionu Evrope. YouTube.
17 April 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
[13] Red Star player pay a hefty price. fpro.org. 18 June
2014.
[14] Blic Sport Stadion Zvezde meu 50 najznaajnijih u
Evropi. Blic Sport. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

[31] IGRAI NA POZAJMICI: IVKOVI PONOVO BEZ

ANSE at czbgtv.com, 17-8-2015 (Serbian)
[32] Boovi ostaje bar do leta u Zvezdi at Veernje novosti,
28-1-2016 (Serbian)
[33] Generacija iz Barija: Od profesora do predsednika at
Veernje novosti, 31-12-2010, retrieved 22-2-2016 (Serbian)
[34] Crvena Zvezda 09/11/1988.
09/11/1988. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

[35] Q Magazine Music news & reviews, music videos, band

pictures & interviewsQ Magazine. Retrieved 25 June
2015.
[36] Jason Ankeny. Red Star Belgrade Music Biography,
Streaming Radio and Discography AllMusic. AllMusic.
Retrieved 25 June 2015.

[15] Allan Jiang. 10 Most Hostile World Football Stadiums.

Bleacher Report. Retrieved 25 June 2015.

15 External links

[16] Juniors (in Serbian). crvenazvezdafk.com. Retrieved

17 February 2015.

Ocial

[17] Cadets (in Serbian). crvenazvezdafk.com. Retrieved 17

February 2015.
[18] Younger Cadets (in Serbian). crvenazvezdafk.com. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
[19] Pioneers (in Serbian). crvenazvezdafk.com. Retrieved
17 February 2015.
[20] Younger Pioneers (in Serbian). crvenazvezdafk.com.
Retrieved 17 February 2015.
[21] Base (in Serbian). crvenazvezdafk.com. Retrieved 17
February 2015.
[22] Pre-Base (in Serbian). Retrieved 17 February 2015.
[23] The Inferno At Yesterdays Biggest Rivalry Game. theoside.com. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
[24] Liverpool Crvena Zvezda 1:2 (1973.). YouTube. 22 December 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
[25] UEFA Champions League 1990/91 - History
UEFA.com. UEFA.com. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
[26] Member associations - UEFA rankings - Club coecients UEFA.com. UEFA.com. Retrieved 20 May
2016.
[27] First Team. FK Crvena zvezda. Retrieved 1 March
2015.

Crvena Zvezda

Ocial website
Red Star Belgrade at FIFA
Red Star Belgrade at UEFA

13

16
16.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Red Star Belgrade Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade?oldid=727871857 Contributors: Zocky, Arwel Parry,

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Kralizec!, Oldelpaso, Abd, Paxsimius, BD2412, Monk, Rjwilmsi, , Lairor, Ev, Fish and karate, Chobot, Soul assassin~enwiki, Bgwhite, The Rambling Man, YurikBot, Wavelength, RobotE, RussBot, Hede2000, Rsrikanth05, DJ Bungi, Pal~enwiki,
Matticus78, Number 57, SM, Zzuuzz, DSturges, LeonardoRob0t, Fram, Anclation~enwiki, Curpsbot-unicodify, Ief, Kalaha, Ajdebre,
Dupz, DM1989, Zanoni, SmackBot, Laughing Man, Honza Zruba, Nickst, Ilikeeatingwaes, Doolilah, PeeJay2K3, Mauls, Gilliam,
Nzd, Chris the speller, Timbouctou, Persian Poet Gal, Jprg1966, Thumperward, Mattythewhite, Bazonka, Whispering, DHN-bot~enwiki,
MaxSem, Royboycrashfan, Zvonko, Litany~enwiki, Bolonium, Nitsansh, ArtVandelay13, Smooth O, Decltype, Fsdemir, Tony esopi patra, Only, Evlekis, Matthew hk, Mattwhiteski, Ohconfucius, Cyberevil, SashatoBot, Zahid Abdassabur, Sanya, John, Secretaria, Fenix
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JoelCFC25, Kevin McE, N3X15, JohnCD, WATP, Jogurney, Montanabw, Jak kao koho, Pasadena, Batobatobato, Cydebot, Achangeisasgoodasa, Paly, Icemanofbarcelona101, Malizlato, DumbBOT, TakTak, Nowhere77, Thijs!bot, ZachPerry, West Brom 4ever, KanFootball, Chandler, Tocino, Dawnseeker2000, KrakatoaKatie, Milivoje, AntiVandalBot, Lazarevic, BokicaK, Jbaranao, Vanjagenije, Thegoz, Blu3d, JAnDbot, Kaobear, MER-C, Oliviu, Nikola89, Itshissong, Dapsv~enwiki, Magioladitis, Parsecboy, VoABot II, Mr Milosevic, TonyStarks, Jetstreamer, BanRay, Waacstats, Jebise2, Allstarecho, Segasmith, JaGa, MartinBot, Rettetast, Chudinho, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, AlexiusHoratius, J.delanoy, DandyDan2007, Mjarko, Boro24, AntiSpamBot, Snake bgd, A18919, Kjetilb, Bones999, NovaSkola, SJP, Gethomas3, Toon05, SV 84, KylieTastic, Matej1234, Bonadea, Ja 62, Inwind, Vrsf, Idioma-bot, Sthenel, Joao10Siamun,
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Brian Brandell, AmeliorationBot, ZanZakUlije, Bort08, Obelixus, The dude with the Red Wings, SwisterTwister, Oltianruci, Digirami,
Eric-Wester, Magog the Ogre, Erotskipatlidzan, AnomieBOT, Dribblingscribe, DemocraticLuntz, Rubinbot, Jim1138, Kov 93, Playtony,
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Cnwilliams, Arbero, Even f, VEO15, Dr. Vicodine, Kante4, Lotje, Kora15kora, Bosko2500, Qwertysccer, Nikgudz, DARTH SIDIOUS
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Schweinee, Baseball Watcher, Vuk krst, Milan90KL, Snotbot, Simione001, Frietjes, DrizdRSB, Piotrekmessi, Eqps, Kostun, Themacor, Bora83ns, DarkoDS, UncleTupelo1, Electriccatsh2, Narkomanijabre, DBigXray, F00700I, KRSTA96, BG19bot, Soundwaweserb,
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Mouse, 123BRS, Altar, Lukabeograd, The Almightey Drill, Peacemaker67, SaaHO, Blurros, Neba09, RastovicMarko, Manjanebojsa,
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Anonymous: 2247

16.2

Images

File:600px_Bianco_e_Rosso_diagonale_con_stella_Rossa.png Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/
600px_Bianco_e_Rosso_diagonale_con_stella_Rossa.png License: Public domain Contributors: Personal drawing Original artist: Myself
File:Beograd_7652.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Beograd_7652.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Darwinek
File:Beograd_7654.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Beograd_7654.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Darwinek

14

16

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:Captain_sports.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Captain_sports.svg License: Public domain

Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Dejan_Stankovi_-_Inter_Mailand_(1).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Dejan_Stankovi%
C4%87_-_Inter_Mailand_%281%29.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Steindy (<a href='//commons.
wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Steindy' title='User talk:Steindy'>talk</a>) 12:48, 28 November 2009 (UTC)
File:FC_Red_Star_Belgrade_Logo_(Old).svg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7e/FC_Red_Star_Belgrade_
Logo_%28Old%29.svg License: Fair use Contributors: seeklogo.org Original artist: ?
File:Fk_Red_Star_stadium.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Fk_Red_Star_stadium.jpg License: CC
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File:Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg Source:
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Barbuda.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Argentina.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Here, based on: http://manuelbelgrano.gov.ar/bandera/creacion-de-la-bandera-nacional/ Original artist: Government
of Argentina
File:Flag_of_Australia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: http://www.elibrary.az/docs/remz/pdf/remz_bayraq.pdf and http://www.meclis.gov.az/?/az/topcontent/21 Original
artist: SKopp and others
File:Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_
Herzegovina.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Kseferovic
File:Flag_of_Brazil.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg License: Public domain Contributors: The ag of Bulgaria. The colors are specied at http://www.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0034&
n=000005&g= as: Original artist: SKopp
File:Flag_of_Cameroon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: (of code) cs:User:-xfi File:Flag_of_Canada.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg License: PD Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Chad.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Quelle Fonto: http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/td.html Original artist: SKopp & others (see upload log)
File:Flag_of_Colombia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: SKopp
File:Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: This vector image was created with Inkscape. Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Gabbe
File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=4317 Original artist: Nightstallion, Elephantus, Neoneo13, Denelson83, Rainman,
R-41, Minestrone, Lupo, Zscout370,
<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:MaGa' title='User:MaGa'>Ma</a><a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:
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commons/thumb/7/7f/Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png/15px-Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png' width='15' height='15' srcset='https:
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png/23px-Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png/30px-Croatian_squares_Ljubicic.png
2x' data-le-width='202' data-le-height='202' /></a><a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:MaGa' title='User
talk:MaGa'>Ga</a> (based on Decision of the Parliament)
File:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Vzb83
File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Madden
File:Flag_of_Ecuador.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg License: Public domain
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File:Flag_of_England.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_FR_Yugoslavia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Flag_of_FR_Yugoslavia.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_France.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Gabon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Germany.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg License: PD Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?

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File:Flag_of_Greece.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg License: Public domain

Contributors: own code Original artist: (of code) cs:User:-xfi- (talk)
File:Flag_of_Honduras.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Hungary.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg License: Public domain Contributors:
Flags of the World Hungary Original artist: SKopp
File:Flag_of_Italy.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Japan.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Liberia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Version 1: SKopp
Original artist: Government of Liberia
File:Flag_of_Macedonia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Flag_of_Macedonia.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Gabbe
File:Flag_of_Montenegro.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg License: Public
domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: B1mbo, Froztbyte
File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: http://www.mch.govt.nz/files/NZ%20Flag%20-%20proportions.JPG Original artist: Zscout370, Hugh Jass
and many others
File:Flag_of_Paraguay.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg License: CC0 Contributors: This le is from the Open Clip Art Library, which released it explicitly into the public domain (see here). Original artist: Republica
del Paraguay
File:Flag_of_Peru.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Peru Original artist: David Benbennick
File:Flag_of_Poland.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Portugal.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://jorgesampaio.arquivo.presidencia.pt/pt/republica/simbolos/bandeiras/index.html#imgs Original artist: Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro (1910; generic design); Vtor Lus Rodrigues; Antnio Martins-Tuvlkin (2004; this specic vector set: see sources)
File:Flag_of_Romania.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: AdiJapan
File:Flag_of_Romania_(1965-1989).svg
Source:
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%281965-1989%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: commons, Image:Flag of Romania (1965-1989).png Original artist:
Alex:D (<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Alex:D' title='User talk:Alex:D'>talk</a>)
File:Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Flag_of_SFR_Yugoslavia.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Flag designed by ore Andrejevi-Kun[3]
File:Flag_of_Scotland.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://kbolino.freeshell.org/svg/scotland.svg Original artist: none known
File:Flag_of_Senegal.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Original upload from Openclipart : Senegal. However, the current source code for this SVG le has almost nothing in
common with the original upload. Original artist: Original upload by Nightstallion
File:Flag_of_Serbia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: From http://www.parlament.gov.rs/content/cir/o_skupstini/simboli/simboli.asp. Original artist: sodipodi.com
File:Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro.svg Source:
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Montenegro.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: Own work construction sheet from http://flagspot.net/flags/si%27.html#coa Original artist: User:Achim1999
File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: Per specications in the Constitution of South Africa, Schedule 1 - National ag Original artist: Flag design by Frederick Brownell, image by Wikimedia Commons users
File:Flag_of_Spain.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Spain_(1945_-_1977).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Flag_of_Spain_%281945_-_
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File:Flag_of_Uruguay.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: design of the sun copied from URL [1], which was copied by Francisco Gregoric, 5 Jul 2004 from URL [2] Original artist:
User:Reisio (original author)
File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.
svg License: Public domain Contributors:
-x-'s le

16

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TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

-x-'s code
Zirlands codes of colors
Original artist:
(of code): SVG version by cs:-x-.
File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Flag_of_
the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Nightstallion
File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370
File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg License:
PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Logo_FC_Red_Star_Belgrade.svg Source:
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Belgrade.svg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.crvenazvezdafk.com/en/istorija.html Original artist: Vukasin005
File:Rajko_Miti_(1970).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Rajko_Miti%C4%87_%281970%29.jpg
License: CC BY-SA 3.0 nl Contributors: Nationaal Archief Original artist: Rob Mieremet / Anefo
File:Soccer_Field_Transparant.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Soccer_Field_Transparant.svg License: GFDL Contributors: Own work Original artist: Inkwina (talk contribs)

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