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DESIGN DATA
Subject
It is required to check the adequacy of a glued laminated softwood timber beam for a restaurant
roof. The beams are at 3.0 m centres and have an effective span of 11.0 m. The permanent load,
excluding the self-weight of the beam, is 0.557 kN/mZand the snow load is 0.75 kN/m*.
,
Clause 3.1.5
Service class
Service class 1
GluIam strength
GL24
prEN lY94
Bending strength
Shear strength
Compression strength perpendicular to grain
Mean modulus of elasticity parallel to grain
Characteristic density of timber
fm.0
fv.0
ff,W,g,k
&,__
P&k
=
=
=
=
=
prEN 1194
24
2.8
5.5
11000
380
N/mm*
N/mm*
N/mm*
N/mm*
kg/m3
The depth of a ghdam beam is normally a multiple of the thicknessof the laminationsusually 45 mm. The cross-sectionsmost commonlyavailable in the UK are tabulated in
Table 5 of the Introductionto the Design Examples.
GD3, Table 8
b
h
L
0
u,
=
115
= 540
=ll 000
=
75
=
20
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
Cross-sectional area
bh
115x540
WY=
bh2
6
115 x
115 x
I
I
62 100 mm*
?!?/E
1509000000
mm4
F2
pg. mcpn
380
0.93
9.807 ps_,A
p&k=_
0.93
Beam self-weight
408.6 kg/m3
9.807 x 408.6 x 62 100
0.2488 kN/m
log
109
Actions
0.557 kN/mz
0.557 x 3.0
Beam self-weight
Therefore Gk
1.671 + 0.249
snow load
0.75 kNlm2
Therefore Q
0.75 x 3.0
1.671 kN/m
0.249 kN/m
1.920 kN/m
2.25Wm
The NALI states that snow loads in the UK should be considered as short-tern actions.
NAD Clause 3. I. 6P(2)
YG
1.35
Variable actions
YQ
1.5
Material factor
Yu =
1.3
Table 2.3.3.1
(2.3.2.2a)
Gd =
YG%
1.35 x 1.920
Qd =
TQQ~
1.5 x 2.25
=TRADA19!94.F
factors applicable
to
11 of44
F2
Load sharing
Clause 5.4.6
1.0
Size factor
Factor k,, may be used for glulam sections withdepths in bending or widthsin tension of
less than 600 mm to increase the charactetisticbending and tension strength valuesgiven
in prEN 1194.
kt, =
Depth modification
(Y)
(E!J
1.02
Lateral stability
Beam is adequately restrained along compression edge by attached joists.
Therefore
kimt
Clause 5.2.!(4)
1.0
Clause 5.2.5
Bearing length
Bearing length
75mm
k&l
1 +
Bearing factor
11 000 - 75 =
10 925 mm
1OOmm
(150 - 0
170
1 +
(150 - 75)
170
1 44
PERMANENT LOAD
M, =
_G,L*
8
v, =
%L
-=
2
2.592 x 11 ood
8
39200000Nmm
2.592 x 11 000
2
14260N
Table 3.h.7
Bending stwngth
Design bending stress
Qm.d,y
-%
wY
12of44
39 200 000
5 589 000
7.01 N/mm*
0 TR&DA 1994. F
F2
fmay = k,khkinrck&.t
1x1.02x1x0.6x24
1.3
11_30N,_~
Bending strength
satisfactory
Shear strength
Design shear StresS
Td
1.5 v*
1.5 x 14 260
62 100
= 0.34 N/mm*
1 x0.6x2.8
1.3
= 1.29 N/mm*
A
Design shear strength
Uwdfv&k
f,,d =
Yhl
Shear strength
satisfactory
Fd
Bearing strength
Design compression stress
perpendicular to grain
uOU
VC3
=?;I
14 260
115 x 75
= 1.65 N/mm*
=
<
Q4w
= 3.66 N/mm*
Section adequate in
benbrg,*tia
for permanent actions
fC,9oC
Fd
G, + Q
Md
FaL
_
v,
=-
F,L
c)
L
5.967 N/mm
5.967xllood
9025OOOONmm
5.967x11000
2
32 820N
2.592
+ 3.375
Table 3.1.7
Bending strength
M,
QmAY
=
w,
fmAy
90 250 000
5 589 000
= I 16.15 N/mm*
= lkwirQlkraodf~,k
YM
=
1x1.02x1x0.9x24
1.3
16.95 N/mm*
Bending strength
satisfactory
13of44
Shear strength
Design shear stress
7d =
fv,d =
-1.5 v,
A
1.5 x 32 820
62 100
0.79 N/mm2
4slsllcdfJC
1 x 0.9 x 2.8
1.3
1.94 N/mm2
YM
7d <
S@ar strength
satisfactory
f,d
Bearing strength
Design compression stress
perpendicular to grain
%9O,d
fc.90.d
Vd
32 820
115 x 75
iz
3.81 N/mm2
i
4skc9JLodfcso,~
YM
1 x1.44x0.9x5.5
1.3
=
<
5.48 N/mm2
sption
fc,90,d
adequate in
b@ing, shear
ad bearing for
short-term
load case
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - Deflection
The rules for calculating instantaneous and jinal deflections and the recommended
dejlection limitationsare given in Guidance Document GD4. Fomulae for calculating
jlexural and shear dejlectionsfor beams are given in the introduction to the Design
Examples.
Deflection formulae
Fonnzda I(l)
1 1
F.&
I&)_&
5L2
384+5
F udl
l1
Ood
11ooox1509oooooo
h2
5x11 ood+w
384
ll.glF,,mm
Instantaneous deflection
Dead load
Ul,imt
11.91 Gk
11.91 x 1.909
Snow load
u+*
11.91 Qk
11.91 x 2.25
14of44
TRADA, Hughendenvalley,
22.74 mm
=
26.80 mm
0 TA
1994. F@
F2
Clause 4.3.1(2)
UZ.imt
<
L
300
11 000
300
36.67 mm
InstaJltaneous
uZ,inst,mu
deflection
satisfactory
Final deflection
Table 4.1
Lf
0.8
Short-term duration
kf
0.0
(1 + bef)%iit
1.80 x 22.74
Clause 4. I(4)
*
40.93 mm
26.00 mm
47.73 mm
(1 + be3%nst
1.00 x 26.80
u,
20.0 mm
%t,ti
Ul.fln + u2.fIn-
40.93
%i
u,
+ 26.80 - 20.0
Clause 4.3.1
<
u2,,,
%,ti.
-e
%et.fin.mu
&) =
11 000
---j&j-
55.00 IIlni
The proposed beam is adequatefor both strength and st@ness, provided that it is made
withthe proposed 20 mmpre-camber. In this case, the bending strengthfor the short-term
load case determines the section required.
deflection
satisfactory
Final
A 1994.