13 - Results and Discussion

CHAPTER - V.A.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION GENERAL ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES
'Biodivc'i&itty U front
om daily (Uvea, and liveli&oad and
c<M4titate& the xedouiccd afrxm udticA fyzmilie&, comauMitie&.

aatuM4 and ûtune yetteiatcoa dcfreadd.
- Global Biodiversity Assessment, UNEP, 1995
(1) SYSTEMATIC ENUMERATION
A total of 338 wild and naturalised taxa were described in a standard format.
The important features of the enumeration are as follows:
1
All the taxa are arranged in sequence following Bentham and Hookers
classification.
The individual species are described in two parts,
viz., (a) A bhef technical
description and disthbution pattern, (b) The ethnobotanicai information.

3.
The technical deschption includes the correct name of the plant taxon followed
by basionym / synonym of wide usage, if any with author citation;
bhef
deschption of the plant species; the disthbution pattern of the speices is

presented for the whole disthct followed by place of collection with voucher
specimens.
4. The ethnobotanicai information covers the local name, use category, information
source and detailed use deschption including the mode of preparation and
administration for medicinal plants.
5
The abbreviations used in the text are :

Use Categohes : Ed - Edible; Co - Construction; Te - Technology;
Me - Medicinal; Mi - Miscellaneous.
Plant Collectors : SS - S.Satya; BR - B.Ravi Prasad Rao
31
RANUNCULACEAE
Naravelia zeylanica (L ) DC. Syst. Nat. 1:167. 1817.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves 3-foliolate, apical leaflet modified into trifid tendril. Flowers dull
white in panicles. Achenes plumose.
Occasional at hill side forests. August-December. V.S.: Kona malleswara kona
(Venkatagiri durgam), SS 12441.
Local Name
Korivi kattaku
Use Category
Me / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Me (1) Tooth ache : Stem cuttings as odontralgics and dentrifices. Teeth are brushed
with fresh stem cuttings in the morning and evening for three days.
(2) Dysentery and cough in cattle : Young twigs as antidysenteric. Twigs are ground
well with a handful of salt to get thick paste. The paste is given in orally twice in a day
for three days.
Mi: Young branches are hanged at the corners of the houses to drive out evil spirits.
ANNONACEAE
Annona reticulata L., Sp. PI. 537.1753.
Small trees. Leaves oblong - lanceolate. Flowers light green, axillary in clusters. Fruits
subglobose
Occasional in plain forests. August - December. \/.S. : Siddulaiah kona, SS 20338.
Ramaphalamu
Local Name
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Ed : Fruits are edible
Me : Fruits as anthelmintic. Tender fruit paste is taken in thrice a day for three days.
Annona squamosa L., Sp PI. 537. 1753.
Small trees. Leaves oblong - elliptic. Flowers pale green, solitary or in groups, leaf
opposed. Fruits syncarpous, monocarps fleshy.
Common through out the District. May - October. \/.S : Nellore, SS 16361.
Local Name
Seethaphalamu,
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Folklore
Use Description
Ed : Fruits are sweet, edible.
32
Me : Head lice : Seeds as insecticide; seeds are ground well to powder, mixed with
water to get paste; applied to the scalp at bed time, next morning, the head is washed
carefully not allowing water entering the eyes.
Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Beddome, FI. Sylv. t. 1. 1869.
Small trees. Leaves oblong or elliptic - lanceolate. Flowers yellowish - green, solitary
axillary or extra axillary from nodose tubercles. Berries in clusters
Occasional in dry deciduous forests. June - August. V.S. : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18608.
Local Name
Gutti
Ed /Co
Use Category
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed : Fruits are eaten by native tribals.
Co : Wood in hut making
Polyalthia korinti (Dunal) Thw., Enum. PI. Zeyl. 398.1864.
Spreading ever green shrubs. Leaves ovate or elliptic. Flowers pale green, solitary,
axillary. Fruit an etaerio berries.
Rare in dense scrubs. November - December. V.S. : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12494
Local Name
Naragonji
Use Category
Me
Information Source :
Yanadi
Use Description
1) Snake Bite : Root bark as an antidote. Root bark is ground with little amount of
water to get paste; applied at the site of bite and to the lips of the patient.
2} Cough and cold in children : Dried leaves used as bechic Smoke emitting from
the burning leaves, is directed towards the face of the patient for 5 minutes both in the
morning and evening for three days.
MENISPERMACEAE
Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (DC.) Forman in Kew Bull. 22 : 356. 1968
Climbing shrubs. Leaves reniform or cordate. Flowers greenish yellow, small. Drupes
ovoid, scarlet.
Common on shrubs and hedges. April - December. V.S.: Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12496, Udayagiri durgam, SS 16212.
Local Name
Visha boddi
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
33
Use Description
Snake bite : Stem and roots as antidote.
broken into pieces, boiled in water and filtered to get decoction.

decoction is given orally immediately after bite.
Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels in Engl. Pflanzenr., 46.236. 1910.
Climbing evergreen shrubs. Leaves ovate-oblong, or sagittate.
These are
A cup of cooled
Flowers unisexual,
males in panicles, females in fascicles. Drupelets globose.

Common on bushes and small trees. November - March. V.S. : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12468, Siddulaiah kona, SS 18633.
Local Name
Chinna Dusari, Sanna Dusari
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Fruits are edible. Tender leaves as vegetable.
Me (1) Body heat: Leaves as refrigerant; leaves are ground well, squeezed through
a thin cloth to collect juice, mixed with water (coagulates into a green jelly - like
substance) and sweetened with sugar. A teaspoonful of the above mixture is taken in
orally, thrice a day for three days.
(2) Syphilis ; Roots as antiseptic. Fresh roots are boiled in water, filtered to get
decoction, A spoonful of decoction is mixed in a cup of goat milk and drunk once in the
morning and evening until cured.
Pachygone ovata (Poir) Hook. f. & Thoms., FI. Ind. 203. 1855
Straggling shrubs with drooping branches. Leaves ovate. Flowers minute, white in
axillary racemes. Drupes reniform.
Common in dry deciduous forests. February - April, V.S : Kulluru, SS 16394.
Goodali, Pedda Dusaara.
Local Name
Use Category
Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Fruits are used in fish poisoning.
Use Description
Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook. f. & Thoms., FI. Ind. 184.1855
Deciduous climbing shrubs. Leaves cordate. Flowers yellow, in long racemes. Drupes
globose
Common on hedges. January - May. V.S. : Kulluru, SS 16391.
Local Name
Tippa theega
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
34
Use Description
Me (1) Cough in children : Roots as antitussive, or bechic. Freshly collected roots are
crushed, boiled in water, filtered to get decoction. One teaspoonful of decoction is
given in orally once in the morning and evening for three days.
(2) Jaundice : Dry furits as tonic. The fruits are powdered and a teaspoonful of
powder along with a spoonful of honey is taken in orally, twice in a day for nine days.
(3) Diabetes : Leaves as antidiabetic. Decoction is prepared from the leaves. A cup of
decoction is taken in once in a day for two weeks.
Mi: Fried aerial roots kept in toddy to get more taste.
NELUMBONACEAE
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Fruct. 1: 73.t.19.f.2.1788.

Perennial stoloniferous aquatic herbs. Leaves peltate, orbicular. Flowers rose, solitary
Berries globose.
Occasional in ponds. June - October. V.S. : Panasa baavi (Venkatagiri durgam),
SS 20302
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Tamara
Me / Mi
:
Yanadi /Yerukala
Me (1) Cough : Roots as bechic. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally, thrice in a day for three days
(2) Piles Tender leaves are ground well to get paste. The paste is applied externally
on swellings of piles, twice in a day until cured.
(3) Male sterility : Seeds as aphrodisiac. Seeds are dried and powdered.
teaspoonful of powder, with honey given in orally every night for fifteen days.
Mi: Flowers for decoration during marriages and festivals.
NYMPHAEACEAE
Nymphaea pubescens Willd., Sp.PI. 2:1154. 1799.

Perennial aquatic herbs. Leaves peltate, reniform. Flowers white - pink, solitary
Berries globose, glabrous.
Common in ponds and ditches. All seasons. V.S. : Panasabaavi (Venkatagiri durgam),
SS 20301.
Kaluva.
Local Name
Mi
Use Category
Information Source
Yanadi
Flowers for decoration during marriages and festivals.
Use Description
35
PAPAVARACEAE
Argemone mexicana L, Sp. PI. 508. 1753.
Annual erect prickly herbs. Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers solitary, terminal, yellow.
Capsules oblong, spinous
Common weed in waste and cultivated fields. February - May, V.S. Kovuru, SS 18695
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Kusuma chettu, Bramha donda.

Me
Yanadi / Folklore
(1) Ophthalmia : The stalks and leaves abound with a bitter yellow juice (latex) like
gamboje One or two drops of latex are dropped into the eyes once at bed time for
three days.
(2) Headache : Seeds as analgesic. Oil is expressed from the seeds, and applied to
the forehead thrice in a day for three days.
(3) Menorrhagia : Roots are dried and crushed into powder. A teaspoonful of powder
is given in orally with water at bed time for three days.
(4) Scabies : Latex is collected from young branches, mixed with an equal quantity of
coconut oil, applied on the symptoms once in a day for three days.
CAPPARACEAE
Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce in Bot. Exch, Club, Soc. Brit. Isles 3:415. 1914.
Shrubs. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers greenish-yellow in terminal corymbs.
Berries cylindrical, torulose. Common in scrubs.
Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12456.
Local Name
Sepaaku
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
January - September.
V.S :
Me : Dropsy : Leaves as resolvent. Raw leaves or cooked leaves are eaten twice a
day for three days.
Mi: Leaves as galactagogue for cows, as cattle feed.
Capparis divaricata Lam., Encycl. 1: 606. 1785 ;
Small trees. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate.Flowers yellow, solitary, axillary with gynophore
Berries ribbed, apiculate.
Occasional in dry open scrubs. February - May. V.S : Kulluru, SS 16388.
Locyal Name
Use Category
Uppi
Ed / Me
Yanadi
36
Use Description
Ed: Tender fruits as vegetable
Me : Scabies : Leaves as antiseptic.
Leaves are ground with water to get paste,
applied on the symptoms twice in a day for three days.

Capparis grandis L.f., Suppl. PI. 263.1781.
Deciduous trees Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers creamish - white in racemes or
umbels. Berries globose.
Occasional in dry deciduous forests. February - May, V.S : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12470.
Local Name
Magasiri gadda.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Tuberous roots are fried on fire and eaten.
Me : Male sterility Tuberous roots as aphrodisiac. Tubers are cooked and eaten with
honey or goat milk in the morning and evening for fifteen days,
Capparis rotundifolia
Rohl. in Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin. Neue. Schriften
4 : 185. 1803.
Spreading, branched, prickly armed shrubs. Leaves suborbicular. Flowers white, small
in terminal or axillary umbels. Berries globose.
Occasional in forests. April - August. V.S : Sri Harikota SS 20360.
Local Name
Suramullu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Head ache : Roots as analgesic. Freshly collected roots are cleaned in water, ground
well to get paste. The paste is applied to forehead thrice in a day until cured.
Capparis sepiaria L., Syst. Nat. (ed. 10) 2 : 1071. 1759.
Thorny shrubs Leaves ovate - elliptic. Flowers dull white in axillary umbels. Berries
globose Common on scrubs. June - October. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12457
Local Name
Nalla uppili.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Fever : Root bark as antipyretic. Root bark is cut into pieces, boiled in water,
filtered to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally once in a day for three
days
37
(2) Stomach complaints in cattle : Stem bark and root bark are ground with water to
get a paste; given in orally thrice a day for three days.
Capparis zeylanica L , $p. PI ed. 2 720 1762.
Armed climbing shrubs. Leaves elliptic - ovate. Flowers in supra axillary rows. Berries
woody, red Frequent in scrub forests. February - May. V.S Kulluru, SS 16393
Local Name
Aridonda.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed : Leaves are cooked and eaten as vegetable. Fruits are in pickle preparation.
Me : Stomach ache : Root bark as anthelmintic and stomachic. Decoction is prepared
from the root bark and a cup of it is taken in orally twice a day for three days.
Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC., Prodr. 1:243. 1824.
Deciduous trees. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets ovate - lanceolate. Flowers light yellow,
solitary. Bernes ovoid - globose.
Occasional in forests. March - August. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 20308.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Mogalenka,
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Me: Urinary complications : Stem bark as diuretic. It is broken into pieces, boiled in
water to get decoction. A cup of decoction, taken in orally twice in a day for three days.
Mi : Wood is used in making.
CLEOMACEAE
Cleome gynandra L ., Sp. PI. 671. 1753.
Annual erect herb. Leaves 3-5 foliolate, leaflets obovate. Flowers white, terminal
corymbose racemes. Capsules linear, terete.
Common in waste places. November - February. Y.S : Narasimha konda, SS 18692.
Local Name
Vaminta, Telia vaminta.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi / Yerukala / Folklore.
Use Description
Ed: Tender leaves as vegetable.
Me : (1) Ear ache : Leaves as analgesic. Leaf sap is collected by squeezing the
leaves, between the palms. 2-3 drops of leaf sap are dropped in both ears once in a
day for three days.
38
(2) Leprosy : The whole plant made into an ointment with coconut oil and used as
emollient. The ointment is applied to pustular eruptions of leprosy, thrice in a day until
cured.
(3) Skin disease (Itching) : Leaves as antipruritic. Fresh leaves are eaten by yanadts,
bruised and applied to the skin, act as a rubefacient, and produce abundant serous
exudation, answering the purpose of a blister.
Cleome viscosa L, Sp. PI. 672. 1753.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves 3-5 foliolate, leaflets elliptic-obovate. Flowers solitary,
axillary, yellow. Capsules cylindric, grooved.
Common weed of cultivated fields and wastelands. All seasons. V.S : Gilakapadu
(Rapuru), SS 16263.
Local Name
Kukka vaminta.
Use Category
Me
Use Description
Yanadi / Folklore.
(1) Body ache and Head ache : Leaves as analgesic.
Fresh leaves are squeezed
between the palms to get sap. Leaf sap is applied on the body twice in a day. One or
two drops are put into each nostril to relieve head ache, once in a day for three days.
(2) Wounds . Leaves as vulnerary. A handful of leaves are ground to get a paste;
applied on the wounds, in the morning and evening for three days.
VIOLACEAE
Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. V, Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austr. 10 : 81.1876.

Perennial woody erect herbs. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers solitary, axillary, deep purple
red Capsules globose, 3 valved.
Common weed in waste places and forests. August - December, 17 S : Siddulaiah
kbnda. SS 18661.
Local Name
Chandra kantha.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Blood dysentery : Whole plant as antidysenteric. A few plants are boiled in water to
get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally, thrice in a day for two days.
FLACOURTIACEAE
Casearia elliptica Willd., Sp.PI.2:628.1800.

Deciduous trees. Leaves elliptic, tomentose. Flowers grey, in axillary fascicles
Capsules ellipsoid, succulent, glabrous.
Occasional in all forests. February - June. V.S: Siddulaiah kona, SS 20339
39
Local Name
Use Category
Use Description
Co : Wood in hut making.
Mi: Fruits in fish poisoning.
Dodduga
Co / Mi
Yanadi
Wood in comb making.
Casearia esculenta Roxb., FI.Ind.2:442,1832.

Small trees. Leaves ovate. Flowers in fascicles. Capsules ellipsoid.
Common in Forests. April - August. V.S : Sri Harikota : SS 20361
Local Name
Kondajangeru
Use Category
Ed
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Leaves as vegetable.
CLUSIACEAE
Calophyllum inophyllum L , Sp. PI.513.1753.
Trees Leaves opposite, decussate, oblong-obovate. Flowers white, polygamous.
Drupes globose.
Occasional in forests near streams. November - April. V.S: Sri Harikota ; SS 20362.
Local Name
Ponna
Use Category
Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Flowers for decoration during festivals and marriages.
PORTULACACEAE
Portulaca oleracea L., Sp. PI. 445.1753.
Annual prostrate herbs. Leaves obovate - spathulate. Flowers 3 - 5, in terminal
dusters Capsules obovoid, glabrous.
Common in cultivated fields and moist places. All seasons. V.S. : Nellore, SS 16398
Local Name
Pappukura
Use Category
Ed
Information Source
Yanadi / Folklore.
Leaves and tender branches as vegetable. Collected and
Use Description
sold in the local market by Yanadis.
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
ay
Shorea tumbjiggaia
Roxb., FI.Ind,2:617,1832.
Large deciduous trees. Leaves oblong. Flowers pale brown, in terminal panicles
Capsules oblong - conic, enclosed in accrescent wing like sepals.
40
Rare in the hilly ravines. May - July. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18644
Local Name
Thambavi, Guggilamu
Use Category
Information Source
:
Use Description
Co : Wood in making huts
Co / Mi
Yanadi
Mi: Leaves as meal plates.

MALVACEAE
Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 54.1826.
Perennial woody herbs . Leaves ovate. Flowers solitary, axillary, yellow. Schizocarps
globose with 15-20 mericarps.
Common in waste places, field hedges. July-February. V. S : Kovuru, SS 16329
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Tutturabenda, Adavibenda, Nugubenda

Me
Yanadi
Me (1) Fever : Roots as antipyretic. Infusion of roots is prepared. A cup of liquid is

given in orally thrice in a day for three days.
(2) Leprosy : Roots dried and powdered. The powder is mixed in coconut oil to get
emollient. The emollient is applied on the symptoms twice in a day until cured.
Hibiscus cannabinus L, Syst. Nat. ed. 10.1149.1759.
Erect herbs. Leaves deeply 3-5 lobed, elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers pale yellow, axillary,
solitary capsules globose.
Cultivated and grown near yanadi huts. All seasons. V.S : Siddulaiah kona (Girijan
Colony), SS 18662.
Local Name
Gogu
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Ed : Leaves as vegetable.
Me (1) Constipation : Leaves as purgative. Leaves are cooked into curry and eaten
with rice or bread.
(2) Scabies : Tender leaves are crushed into a fine paste. The paste is applied on the
symptoms, in the morning and evening for seven days.
Co : Fibre from the stem used in hut construction.
Mi: Fiber used for cordage.
41
Hibiscus platanifolius (Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 2 51 1827

Small trees. Leaves cordate, palmately 3-5 lobed. Flowers large, showy, bright rose
Capsules globose, fulvous hairy.
Common on hill slopes. November - April. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18603.
Local Name
Adavi buruga, Konda pathi.
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Over heat of the body : Gum as refrigerant. White gum collected from the stem is
mixed with sugar. Two teaspoonful of the above mixture is taken in orally twice in a
day for three days.
Hibiscus vitifolius L , Sp PI 696.1753.
Shrubs. Leaves ovate-orbicular. Flowers yellow, solitary, axillary or in terminal clusters
Capsules globose, villous.
Common in forests and field hedges. August - February. V.S: Kovuru, SS 16328.
Local Name
Adavi patti.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Skin disease (Itching): Leaves as antipruritic, young leaves are crushed, squeezed to
get leaf sap; applied on the symptoms twice in a day for three days.
Pavonia zeylanica (L.) Cav., Diss. 3:134.1787.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves orbicular, 3-lobed. Flowers pink, solitary, axillary.
Schizocarps globose, glabrous.
Common weed of waste lands. August - February. V.S: Penchalakona. SS 20309
Local Name
Chittamutti.chinnamudda pulagam
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
1. Fever: Roots as antipyretic. Roots are broken into pieces, boiled in water, filtered to
get decoction A cup of decoction taken in orally, thrice in a day for three days.
2. Cough : Leaves as bechic. One or two raw leaves are washed in water and directly
eaten twice in a day for three days.
Sida acuta Burm. f., FI. Ind. 147.1768.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers solitary, axillary, yellow. Schizocarps
depressed - globose, glabrous.
Abundant weed in waste places. August - September. V.S: Venkatagiri, SS 16315.
42
Locai Name
Use Category
Visha boddi.
Me /Co
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : 1. Intermittent fevers
Roots as antipyretic. The root is bitter and is given in
infusion in conjuction with ginger, thrice in a day for three days.
2. Dysentery
Leaves as antidysenteric. Leaf sap is extracted by squeezing between
the palms mixed with honey and given in orally twice in a day.
3. Snake bite
Leaves as antidote. Leaf sap is extracted and given in orally
immediately after bite
4. Antinatal complications : Tender twigs as part of the ingredients of the decoction
prepared by Yanadi to prevent antinatal complications.
Co : Fibre from sterm bark used for cordage.
Thespesia populnea (L.) Ccrrea in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9:290.t.8.f. 1.1807
Evergreen trees. Leaves ovate. Flowers solitary, axillary, yellow. Capsules globose
Common in villages and road sides. August - October. V.S.:Kovuru Girijan colony, SS
16319
Local Name
Ganga raavi, Gangi reni.
Use Category
Me / Co
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
Me : Scabies : The capsule is filled with a yellow pigment like liquid gamboge, which is
a good external application in scabies and other skin diseases, the juice being simply
applied to the parts affected thrice in a day for three days. The bark boiled in water
used as a wash for the same purposes with the best effect.
Co. wood as low quality timber in hut making.
BOMBACACEAE
Bombax ceiba L., Sp. PI. 511.1753. Bombax malabaricum DC. Prodr. 1:479. 1824
Deciduous trees. Leaves 5 - 7 foliolate, leaflets elliptic-oblong. Flowers light red, on
leafless branches Capsules oblong.
Occasional in dry deciduous forests. February - May. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 20340.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Adavi buruga, Telia buruga.

Mi
Yanadi / Folklore.
Cotton for stuffing pillows beds and in wicks making
43
STERCULIACEAE
Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Encycl. 3:52.1789.
Evergreen trees. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers yellow in axillary panicles. Capsules
globose.
An introduced tree, often run wild. June - November. V.S : Kaluvai, SS 16326.
Local Name
Thenekayala chettu, Rudrakshalu.
Use Category
Ed / Co
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed : Fruits are edible.
Co : wood is used in cot and hut making.
Helicteres isora L, Sp. PI. 963.1753.
Deciduous trees. Leaves oblong-obovate or orbicular. Flowers red in axillary clusters.
Follicles spirally twisted,
Common in scrub forests. December - May. V.S : Stambala kona (Dakkili), SS16350.
Local Name
Gooba thada.
Use Category
Me / Co
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : 1.Sores of the earLiniment is prepared from the fruits and applied in the ears,
twice in a day for three days.
2. Scabies Fruits are ground well to get paste; applied on the symptoms after bath
Co : Fibres from stem bark used in rope making and in hut construction.
Pterospermum canescens Roxb., FI. Ind, 3:162.1832
Evergreen trees. Leaves oblong - obovate, prominently nerved. Flowers white, axillary,
solitary. Capsules persistent, seeds winged.
Common in Forests. Through out the year. V.S : Sri Harikota, SS 20363.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Lolagu, Nerudu.
Mi
Yanadi
wood in cot making.
Pterospermum xylocarpum (Gaertn ) Sant, & Wagh., in Bull. Bot. Surv India 5:108
1963. Pterospermum heyneanum Wight & Arn. Prodr 69.1834.
Deciduous trees Leaves ovate - elliptic. Flowers white, axillary, solitary or in 2 - 3
flowered cymes. Capsules pyriform.
Common in forests. November - March. V.S : Penchalakona, SS & BR 12490.
44
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Thada.
Mi
:
Yanadi
Mi :wood in furniture making (local cots) and leaves as meal plates. Fibre from stem
bark used for making ropes.
Sterculia urens Roxb., PI. Corom, t. 24,1795.
Deciduous trees. Leaves palmately 4 - 5 lobed. Flowers yellow in panicles. Follicles
ovoid-oblong.
Occasional in hill forests. September - February. V.S : Siddulaiah konda, SS 18651.
Local Name
Yerra Poniki, Telia Poliki, Tabasu.
Use Category
Me / Te
Information Source
:
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : Body heat: Gum as refrigerant. Gum dissolved in water given orally twice in a
day.
Te : Gum is collected from the stem and sold to Girijan corporation, Nellore,
TILIACEAE
Grewia flavescens Juss., in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 4 :91.1804.
Evergreen shrubs. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers yellow, in axillary clusters. Drupes
globose.
Common on hedges and lower hill slopes.
durgam, SS 16282.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
October - February.
V.S : Venkatagin
Adavijana
Ed
Yanadi
Fruits are eaten by local tribals.
Grewia hirsuta Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1:34. 1790.

Straggling shrubs. Leaves ovate - lanceolate. Flowers yellow in axillary cymes.
Drupes globose, hirsute.
Common in deciduous forests. August - December. V.S : Stambala kona (Dakkili),
SS 16373.
Local Name
Konda thada, Chittijana, Chirijana.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed:
Fruits are eaten by tribals
45
Me : Wounds ; Roots as vulnerary. Roots are dried and powdered. The powder is
directly applied on the wounds, twice in a day until cured.
Grewia rhamnifolia Roth, Nov Sp. PI. 244. 1821.
Small trees. Leaves elliptic - ovate. Flowers yellow in cymes. Drupes globose.
Common in forests. October - December. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 16280.
Local Name
Thegalaku, Tegalli.
Use Category
Ed / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Fruits are eaten by tribals.
Mi: Leaves as cattle feed.
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 22. 1760.
Annual herbs. Leaves palmately lobed. Flowers yellow-orange in axillary clusters.
Capsules globose.
Occasional in all forests. October - January. V.S : Kovuru, SS 16222.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Thutturi
Mi
Yanadi
Leaves as cattle feed.
LINACEAE
Hugonia mystax L , Sp. PI. 675. 1753.
Large woody climbing shrubs. Leaves elliptic- obovate. Flowers yellow solitary, axillary
Durpes red, globose.
Common in dry forests. August - September. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12474,
Siddulaiah konda, SS 18627.
Local Name
Kaaki beera
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Fruits are eaten by local tribals.
Me : Snake bite : Root bark as an antidote. Fresh root bark is ground well with water
to get paste and applied at the site of bite.
ERYTHROXYLACEAE
Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb., PI Corom. t. 88. 1798.
Small deciduous trees Leaves elliptic - obovate. Flowers white, solitary or in fascicles.
Drupes oblong, red.
46
Common in forests. March-June. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12448; Siddulaiah

kona, SS 18617.
Local Name
Devadaru, Devadari.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Me (1) Worms in the stomach Leaves as vermifuge Tender leaves are cooked as
curry and eaten twice in a day for three days.
(2) Antinatal complications : Stem bark and leaves as part of ingredients of the
decoction prepared by Yanadi to prevent antinatal complications.
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Tribulus terrestris L ., Sp. PI. 387. 1753.
Annual prostrate herbs. Leaves paripinnate, leaflets oblong. Flowers yellow, solitary,
axillary. Schizocarps globose.
Abundant weed of all places. All seasons. V.S : Nellore, SS 16312.
Local Name
Palleru
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Folklore.
Use Description
;
Urinary trouble : Whole plant as refrigerant and diuretic. Plants are dried and
powdered. The powder is mixed with sugar or honey, cow ghee and stored in cool
place. One teaspoonful of the above mixture is taken in orally with milk, twice in a day
for seven days.
RUTACEAE
*
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 5 223. 1800.
Deciduous trees. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets ovate. Flowers pale green in axillary
panicles. Berries globose.
Common in dry deciduous forests. March - September. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 20303.
Local Name
Maredu, Bilva
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Fruits edible.
Me (1) Asthma : Leaves as antiasthmatic. A cup of decoction prepared from the
leaves, taken in orally, thrice in a day for three days.
47
(2) Palpitation of the Heart: Stem bark is broken into pieces, boiled in water, filtered
to get decoction A cup of decoction taken in orally thrice in a day for one week
(3) Diarrhoea & Dysentery : Raw fruits as antidiarrhoeal, and antidysenteric. Raw
fruits are broken, dried and powdered. Decoction is prepared from the powder A cup
of decoction is given in orally thrice in a day.
(4) Intermittent Fever: Root bark as antipyretic or febrifuge. Root bark is broken in to
pieces, boiled in water, filtered to get decoction. A cup of decoction given in orally,
thrice in a day for three days.
Co : The mucus of the seeds is used as an excellent addition to mortar, especially in
construction of walls drinking water wells and buildings.
Atalantia monophylla (t.) Correa in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 6 : 383. 1805.
Thorny small trees. Leaves unifoliolate, leaflets ovate, gland dotted. Flowers white, in
axillary fascicles. Berries globose.
Common in forests. June - September. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12422 ;
Gilakapadu forest, SS 16273.
Local Name
Munukudu, Yerra Manukudu.
Use Category
Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Head ache : Root bark and seeds as analgesic. Root bark or fried seeds ground
well, slightls warmed and bandaged to forehead with clean cloth, once in a day for
three days.
Co : Hard and long stems as pillars in hut making.
Mi: Young branches as firewood by natives.
Citrus timon (L.) Burm. f FI. Ind, 173. 1768.
Thorny small trees. Leaves unifoliolate, solitary or in clusters, axillary.
Hesperidium,
globose
Cultivated and as an escape in forests. January - May. V.S : Gilakapadu (Rapuru), SS
16359.
Local Name
Nimma, Sanna Nimma.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed : Fruits in pickle preparation and squashes.
Me : Body heat: Fruit juice as refrigerant Juice is mixed with honey and taken in early
morning for three days.
48
Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., Prodr. 1: 538, 1824.

Shrubs. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-5 foliolate, leaflets oblong - ovate. Flowers white in
axillary panicles. Berries globose.
Common in scrub jungles and forests. May-July. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12421;
Penchala kona, SS & BR 12487.
Local Name
Gonji
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed Fruits are eaten by tribals.
Me (1) Stomach ache in children : Root bark as stomachic. Root bark of this plant
and roots of hemidesmus are ground well to get a paste. Paste is given in orally twice
in a day.
(2) Snake bite : Roots as antidote. Roots are ground well on a stone with water to get
a paste. Paste in given is orally and applied at the site of the bite.
Limonia acidissima
L., Sp. PI. ed. 2.554. 1762. Limonia elephantum (Correa) in
Trans. Linn. Soc. London 5 :225. 1800,

Deciduous armed trees. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets oblong or obovate. Flowers
yellow, in long racemes. Berries globose, woody, indehiscent.
Occasional in dry deciduous forests. March - August. V.S : Narasimha konda, SS
18681.
Local Name
Velaga.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Ed: Fruit pulp is delicious and nourishing.
Me (1) Dysentery and Diarrhoea : A transparent gummy substance exudes from the
stem when cut or broken as antidysenteric. The collected gum is reduced to powder
and mixed with honey. A teaspoonfu! of the above mixture is given in orally twice in a
day for three days.
(2) Bowel complaints in children ; Leaves as stomachic
Tender leaves are
collected, crushed to get sap. One teaspoonful of leaf sap is given in orally once in the
morning for three days.
Murraya paniculata (L.) Jac., in Malayan Misc. 1:31. 1820. Murraya exotica L., Mant
PI. 563 1771.
Evergreen small trees. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets ovate - lanceolate Flowers
white, solitary or few - flowered cymes. Berries ovoid.
49
Occasional along the ravines.
May - June.
V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12455
Panasabaavi (Venkatagiri durgam), SS 16302.

Local Name
Naara musti
Use Category
Me/Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : Snake bite : Root bark as antidote. Root bark is rubbed on a flattened stone with
water to get paste. The paste is smeared at the site of bite.
Mi. Flowers for decoration during marriages and festivals.
Naringifialata (Wight & Am.) Ellis in Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 22:193. 1980.
Small trees. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obovate. Flowers white, in terminal racemes.
Berries globose.
Common in forests. February - September. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12465 ;
Penchala kona, SS & BR 12493.
Local Name
:
Nallamunukudu, Verri velaga.
Use Category
Me / Co
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : (1) Snake bite : Stem bark as an antidote. Stem bark is rubbed on a flattened
stone with water to get paste and applied at the site of bite.
(2) Gastric trouble (Bowel complaints) : Fruit pulp as stomachic and tonic. Fruit pulp
is cooked, mixed with honey and taken in orally both in the morning and evening for
three days.
(3) Constipation : Roots as purgative. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction. A cup of decoction is taken in orally, thrice in a day.
(4) Antinatal complications : Stem bark as one of the ingredients of the decoction
t
Co : Timber is used in hut and cot making.
Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson in Saldhana & Nicolson, FI. Hassan District. 387.
Small thorny trees. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets elliptic - ovate. Flowers pale green,
in axillary racemes. Berries globose.
Common at foot of the hills. April - July.
V.S : Kona Malleswara kona (Venkatagiri
durgam), SS 16241; Siddulaiah kona, SS 18613.

Local Name
Achilandra billu patri, Torra velaga, Adavi nimma.
Use Category
Me / Co
Yanadi
50
Use Description
:
Me : Rheumatic pains : Stem bark as analgesic. Stem bark is powdered, warmed and
taken in a small cloth bag. Such bag is gently applied on the parts with pain,
thrice in a day.
Co : wood is used in making axles of bullock carts.
Pamburus missionis (Wight.) Swingle, in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6 : 338. 1916.
Small trees. Leaves unifoliolate. Flowers white, in axillary racemes. Berries yellow.
Abundant in dense forests. March - June. VS : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12438.
Local Name
Adavi kitchili.
Use Category
Ed
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Fruits are in pickle preparation.
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Tab), Encycl. 2 : 116. 1797.
Prickled scandent shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate, gland dotted. Flowers small, yellow,
unisexual in axillary or terminal panicles. Berries globose.
Occasional in hedges. September - December. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12437 ;
Siddulaiah kona, SS 18607.
Local Name
Mirapagandra
Use Category
Ed / Me / Te
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed: Tender leaves used in curry preparation, replacing chillies.
Me (1) Fever : Root bark as antipyretic. Root bark is crushed, boiled in water, filtered
to get decoction. A cup of decoction is taken in orally, thrice in a day until cured.
(2) Stomach ache : Leaves as stomachic. Fresh raw leaves are eaten twice in a day
for three days.
(3) Body pains : Roots and fruits as analgesic, A liniment is prepared by heating roots
and fruits in coconut oil. The liniment is applied to the affected parts of the body, thrice
in a day until cured.
Te : Yellow dye is extracted from root bark.
FLINDERSIACEAE
Chloroxylon swietenia DC., Prodr. 1: 625, 1824.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves pinnately compound, leaflets numerous, gland dotted
Flowers creamy - white in axillary panicles. Capsules oblong.
Occasional in forests. April - June. V.S : Penchala kona, SS & BR 16233.
Local Name
Billu, Billudu.
Use Category
Me / Co / Mi
51
Use Description
:
Yanacli
Me : Scorpion sting : Stem bark as antidote. Fine paste from stem bark applied for
scorpion sting.
Co : Most serviceable hard wood popularly called satin wood, well suited for naves of
wheels. The wood is durable, used in house / hut construction.
Mi: Wood in the preparation of agricultural implements.
SiMAROUBACEAE
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb., PI. Cor. t. 23. 1795.
Deciduoud large trees. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets subopposite, oblong-lanceolate
Flowers, large, in long axillary or terminal panicles. Samaras lanceolate.
Occasional in forests, January-September, V.S : Sri Harikota, SS 20364.
Local Name
Peddamanu.
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Me: (1) Fever: Stem bark as antipyretic. Decoction is prepared from bark A cup of it
is given in orally twice in a day for three days.
(2) Cough : Stem bark as antitussive. A cup of decoction is given in orally, thrice in a
day for three days.
(3) Antinatai complications : Stem bark as one of the ingredients of the decoction
prepared by Yanadi to prevent antinatai complications.
Mi: Wood is supplied to matchbox industry.
BURSERACEAE
fioswellia ovalifoliolata Bal. et Henry in J. Bombay Nat. Hist, Soc. 58:546-548. 1961.
Deciduous medium sized trees. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets ovate - oblong. Flowers
large, greenish in axillary panicles. Drupes winged.
Occasional in hill slopes. February-April. V.S : Penchala kona, SS 16230.
Local Name
Guggilamu.
Use Category
Me / Te
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : Antinatai complications : Stem bark as tonic. It forms one of the ingredients of
the decoction prepared by Yanadi. A cup of decotion is given in orally thrice in a day
for three days
Te . Gum is collected from cut edges of the stem and sold to Girijan corporation,
Nellore, A.P.
52
Commiphora caudata (Wight & Am.) Engler in DC., Monog. Phan. 4 : 27. 1883.
Deciduous small trees Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets ovate- lanceolate or elliptic.
Flowers red, in dichasial cymes. Drupes globose.
Common in hill forests.
September - October, V.S : Siddulaiah kona, 18637;
Penchalakona, SS & BR 20310.
Local Name
Konda ragi
Use Category
Ed / Me / Te / Mi
Information Source ;
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Fruits in pickle preparation.
Me : Wounds : Gum collected from the stem is dried and powdered. The powder is
directly applied on the wounds, twice in a day until cured.
Te : Gum is collected by making injuries on the stem and sold to Girijan corporation
Mi: wood is used to get fire. A hole is made in the dry wooden block. Another suitable
dry stick is taken and one of its end is inserted in the hole, twisted fastly so that the
dried leaves kept near the hole got fired.
MELIACEAE
Azadirachta indica A. Juss., in Mem. Mus. Natl, Hist. Nat, 19 : 221. 1830.
Semi evergreen trees. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets ovate-lanceolate. Flowers white
in panicles. Drupes oblong, glabrous.
Common in villages and roadsides. February-June. V.S : Kovuru, SS 16324.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Vepa
Me / Co / Te / Mi
Yanadi / folklore / Yerukala
Me: (1) Head iice : Seeds as insecticide. The seeds are skinned, and the kernels are
powdered, mixed with water and applied to the scalp. After one hour, the head is
washed. Repeated for every fifteen days until cured.
(2) Leprosy : Neem oil as an antibiotic. Acrid bitter oil expressed from the pericarp of
the seed, applied on symptoms thrice in a day until cured.
(3) Head ache : Oil from the seeds as a liniment, applied to forehead thrice in a day.
(4) Fever : Stem bark as antipyretic and tonic. Powder or decoction is prepared from
the stem bark. A teaspoonful of powder with water or a cupful of decoction is given in
orally thrice in a day for three days.
(5) Psora & Pustular eruptions : Leaves beaten into a pulp. Leaf pulp is externally
applied, that acts like acharm in removing the most intractable form of psora and other
pustular eruptions.
53
(6) Diarrhoea : Stem bark as antidiarrhoeal. Stem bark is broken into bits and soaked
in a cup of water for half an hour. This is strained and a cupfull of it taken thrice in a
day for three days.
(7) Antinatal complications : Stem bark forms one of the ingredients of the decoction
Co : Wood is used as pillars in hut making.
Te : Gum collected from injured bark, used as adhessive material. Oil from seeds used
in lamps for lightening.
Mi: Thin stems in cot making.
Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno - Batavum 4 : 6. 1868.
Shrubs. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers white, in axillary
corymbose panicles. Drupes globose.
Occasional in forests. March-June. V.S : Udayagiri durgam, SS 16209.
Local Name
Pogavese aaku, Ranabheri.
Use Category
Me / Mi
Use Description
Folklore
Me : Weakness in children : Leaves as stimulant. Leaves are shade dried. The

smoke emitting from burning leaves is exposed to the body of the children for 5 minutes
in the morning and evening for three days.
Mi: Stem bark added in toddy for better taste.
Melia azedarach L , Sp PI. 384.1753.
Deciduous trees. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets ovate-lanceolate.
Flowers white, in
panicles Drupes oblong.
Common in villages, along roadsides. March-August. VS : Kovuru Girijana Colony,
SS 16220.
Local Name
Thuraka vepa.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
(1) Diabetes : Leaves as antidiabetic. Leaves are ground well, squeezed through fine,
thin cloth to get sap. A spoonful of leaf sap is taken in orally thrice in a day for twenty
one days.
(2) Swelling of the limbs : Leaves as discutient. Leaves are ground to fine paste,
warmed, applied on the swelling and bandaged every morning until cured.
(3) Cough : Leaves as expectorant and antitussive. Young leaves are ground well,
squeezed to get leaf sap. Two or three teaspoonful of leaf sap is taken in orally in the
morning on an empty stomach, until cured.
54
(4) Pin worms in children : Roots as vermifuge. Decoction is prepared from the roots
Two or three teaspoonful of decoction is given in orally, early in the morning, on an
empty stomach for three days.
Soymida febrifuge (Roxb.) A. Juss. in Mem. Mus, Natl. Hist. Nat. 19.251. 1830.
Deciduous trees. Leaves paripinnate, leaflets elliptic oblong.
Flowers white, in
panicles. Capsules obovoid, woody.
Common in dry deciduous forests.
March - May.
V.S : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12433 ; Penchala kona, SS & BR 16224.
Local Name
Balintha Chekka, Somi Chettu.
Use Category
Me / Co
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : (1) Fever : Stem bark as febrifuge. Stem bark is broken into pieces, dried in
shade, taken in a new pot with water, boiled to get decoction. It is cooled and filtered.
A cup of decoction is given in orally thrice in a day for three days.
(2) Diarrhoea : Stem bark as antidiarrhoeal. Decoction prepared as given above, given
in orally thrice in a day for three days.
Co : Wood in house construction.
Walsura trifolia (A.Juss.) Harms in Engler & Prantl. Pflanzen f, ed. 2.196:119,
177. 1940.
Small trees Leaves trifotiolate, leaf lets ovate - oblong. Flowers in corymbose panicles
Berries globose.
Occasional in open scrubs. January-April. V.S'. Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12446,
' Penchala kona, S3 & BR 12486.
Local Name
Yerra vaaludu.
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Me: (1) Syphilis : Stem bark as antiseptic. Stem bark is ground well to get fine
powder, applied on the symptoms. Decoction, prepared from the stem bark given in
orally thrice a day until cured.
prepared by Yanadi to prevent antinatal complications
Mi: Wood is used in making cots. Fruits are crushed and used for fish poisoning.
55
OLACACEAE
Ximenia americana L., Sp. PI. 1193. 1753.
Deciduous small thorny trees. Leaves ovate. Flowers pale green in sub-umbellate
racemes. Drypes globose.
Common in dry deciduous forests. April-July. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12472.
Local Name
Vaathareni, Nagari.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : Cough and cold in cattle : Leaves as bechic. Leaves are ground into paste and
given in orally twice in a day for three days.
CELASTRACEAE
Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1:114. 1891.
Deciduous trees. Leaves ovate or elliptic - oblong. Flowers pale green, in axillary
cymes. Drupes oblong.
Common in dry deciduous forests. July-November V.S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 16276;
Local Name
Neridi
Use Category
Co
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Wood in cot making and as beams in house construction.
A
Pleurostylia opposiffa (Wallfe Alston in Trimen, Handb. FI. Ceylon 6 (Suppl ):

48. 1931.
^
^
Evergreen small trees. Leaves oblong - obovate. Flowers pale green in axillary cymes
Drupes ovoid.
Occasional in dense forests. December-January. V.S: Venkatagiri durgam,SS 16292.
Local Name
Nalla Nakkena, Paala theega
Use Category
Co / Mi
Yanadi. Yerukala
Use Description
Co : Wood in hut construction.
Mi: Young leafy branches as galactagogue for cattle. Wood in making combs.
RHAMNACEAE
Scutia myrtina (Burm. f.) Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 44 : 168. 1875.
Straggling armed shrubs. Leaves obovate. Flowers greenish white, in axillary clusters.
Drupes subglobose, compressed.
56
Common in scrubs. December-March

Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
V.S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 16271
Budida pandlu.
Ed
Yanadi
Fruits are edible.
Ventilago denticulata willd. in Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neune Schriften 3 417
1801. V maderaspatana Roxb,, FI. Ind 1: 629. 1820.
Unarmed lianas. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers yellow, in axillary and terminal
panicles. Samara.
Common in all forests. November-March. V.S'. Penchala kona, SS & BR 12492:
Venkatagiri durgam, SS 16239 ; Siddulaiah kona, SS 18667.
Local Name
Surupu, Surati, Surudu.
Use Category
Me lie
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Scabies : Root bark as antipruritic. Root bark is ground well with coconut oil to
get ointment, applied at itching site of the skin, both in the morning and evening for
three days.
Te Dye extracted from root bark is used in dyeing cloths.
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., Encycl. 3: 319.1789. Z. Jujuba (L ) Gaertn , Fruct, 1: 203
1788.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers creamy - yellow, in axillary
cymes. Drupes globose.
Common in open dry forests. July-August.
V.S: Gilakapadu forest, SS 16259;
Narasimha konda. SS 18675.
Local Name
Gotti, Regu
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co / Te
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed Fruits are edible.
Me (1) Snake bite : Stem bark as antidote. Stem bark is ground well with water to get
paste Paste is applied at the site of bite and taken in orally once immediately after
bite
(2) Cough : Stem bark as antitussive. Stem bark is fried and powdered. A teaspoonful
of powder is taken in orally with water, thrice in a day for three days.
Co Wood in house construction.
Te Stem bark in tanning leather.
57
Ziziphus oenoplia (L) Miller, Gard, Diet. ed. 8, n. 8. 1786.

Armed climbing shrubs. Leaves ovate - lanceolate. Flowers greenish white, in axillary
umbellate cymes. Drupes globose.
Common in dry open scrubs. September-December.
V.S : Udayagiri durgam,
SS 16206 ; Siddulaiah kona, SS 18623

Local Name
Pariki, Pullaranga
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed: Fruits are edible
Me : Dysentery : Stem bark as antidysenteric. Stem bark cut into pieces, boiled in
water to get decoction. Half cup of it taken in thrice in a day until cured.
Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd,, Sp. PI. 1:1104. 1798.
Perennial armed shrubs. Leaves suborbicular-elliptic. Flowers pale yellow, in axillary
cymes Drupes globose.
Common in scrubs of the plains. April-October. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12480.
Local Name
Gotti
Use Category
Co/Te/Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Te : Fruits in tanning leather to blacken.
Mi: Wood as firewood & in agricultural implements.
VITACEAE
Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Gangnep. in Lecomte, Notul. Syst (Paris) 1:346, 1911.
barge climbing shrubs. Leaves 5-7 foliolate, leaflets oblong-lanceolate. Flowers white
Bernes subglobose.
Occasional on hedges and bushes. August-October. V.S: Udayagiri durgam,SS 16210
Local Name
Nasagummadi
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Folklore
Use Description
:
Ed: Tuberous roots are edible. Leaves as vegetable
Me : Weakness : Tuberous roots as tonic, used as one of the ingredients of local tonic
prepared by forklore.
58
Cissus quadranguiaris L . Mant PI. 39. 1767.

Tendrillar climbing shrubs. Leaves ovate, reniform. Flowers red, in umbellate cymes.
Berrieis globose, red.
Common over hedges and bushes. June - September. V.S : Podalakuru, SS 16357.
Local Name
Nalleru
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source .
Yanadi / Folklore / Yerukala
Use Description
Ed: Tender stems and leaves are used as vegetable.
Me: (1) Bone fracture in limbs : Whole plant ground well to get paste, applied to the
limb and bandaged, after setting the broken bones, once in every three days until
cured.
(2) Antinatal complications : Tender stem cuttings form part of ingredients of the
decoction prepared by Yanadi to prevent antinatal complications
Cissus vitiginea L, Sp. PI 117. 1753.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves broadly cordate. Flowers in leaf-opposed umbellate cymes.
Berries pyriform.
Common on bushes and hedges. October-January, V.S: Venkatagiri durgam.
SS 16286.
Local Name
Use Category
Nela gummadi, Adavi gummadi

Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
;
Ed: Fruits eaten by local tribals.
Me : Injuries : Stem bark as vulnerary.
Stem bark is dried, powdered, applied on
injuries once in a day, until cured.

SAPINDACEAE
Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Sp PI. 1 : 366 1753.
Annual climbing herbs. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets ovate lanceolate. Flowers white, in
long racemes Capsules trigonous with bladder like wings.
Common weed. June - March. V.S : Kulluru, 20330.
Local Name
Budda kakara
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me; (1) Urinary complications : Root is diaphoretic and diuretic Roots are cut into
pieces, boiled in water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is taken thrice in a day for
seven days.
59
(2) Bilious Affections : The whole plant, boiled in oil to get liniment
The liniment is
applied over the body twice in a day for three days.

(3) Ear ache : Leaves as analgesic, Leaves are squeezed, between palms to get leaf
sap. One or two drops put in both ears twice in a day.
Mi :0mamental plant.
Dodonaea angustifolia L. f., Suppl. PI. 218. 1782 D viscosa (L.) jacq., Enum
PI. Craib. 19. 1760.
Gregarious shrubs. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers yellowish, in axillary clustered cymes
Capsules globose, winged.
Common in all forests. October-January. V.S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 16228
Local Name
Bandaru
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
(1) Birth control : Seeds are ground with betel leaves to get a paste. The paste is
given to ladies thrice in a day for three days, once in a month.
(2) Swellings, sprains and rheumatic pains : Leaves as antiarthritic and discutient
Leaves are ground well, squeezed through a clean cloth to get sap; applied on
swellings, sprains and rheumatic pains thrice in a day until cured.
Sapindus emarginatus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3 : 54. 1794
Deciduous trees. Leaves paripinnate, leaflets elliptic - obovate. Flowers greenish yellow, in terminal racemes. Drupes ovoid - globose.
Common in all places. January-April. \/.S : Penchala kona, SS & BR 16227.
Local Name
Use Category
fnformation Source
Kunkudu
Me / Mi
Yanadi / Folk lore
Use Description
:
Me : Dandruff: Fruits as detergent. Fruits are dried and powdered. The powder is
mixed in water to get foamy paste. It is directly applied to the scalp and washed after
half an hour Repeated once in three days until cured.
Mi; Fruits sold to Girijan corporation, Nellore, A. P.
ANACARDIACEAE
Buchanania axillaris (Desr.) Ramam. in Saldanha & Nicolson, FI. Hassan District. 374
1976 Buchanania angustifolia Roxb., PI. Cor. t. 262. 1820
Deciduous small trees. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers pale yellow, in axillary or
terminal panicles. Drupes ovoid, oblong.
60
Common in deciduous forests. June-October.
V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12440
Penchaia kona. SS & BR 16232

Saara
Local Name
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co / Te
Information Source
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Ed: Kernels are used as a substitute for almonds.
Me: (1) : Seeds are sweet, aphrodisiac and cures burning sensation of the dody
(2) Intercostal pains : Gum collected from the stem, given internally with goat milk,
Co : Wood used in hut making.
Te : Stem bark in tanning leather.
Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. in J. Arnold Arbor. 19 : 353. 1938.
Large deciduous trees. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets elliptic - lanceolate. Flowers pale
yellow, in pendulous terminal panicled racemes. Drupes ovoid.
Common in dry deciduous forests. March - June. V.S : Gilakapadu, SS 16274.
Local Name
Gumphena
Use Category
Me / Te / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : Ulcers : Stem bark and leaves as vulnerary. Decoction is prepared from stem
bark and leaves A cup of decoction is given in orally, early in the morning on an empty
stomach for a week
Te : Gum is collected and sold to Girijan corporation, Nellore.
Mi. Wood in making cots.
Mangifera indica L , Sp PI 200. 1753.
Large evergreen trees. Leaves lanceolate - elliptic. Flowers greenish - yellow, in
terminal panicles. Drupes ovoid - oblong, fleshy.
Frequent in villages and common in interior forests. February - May. V.S : Batragula
kona (Penchaia kona), SS 20311.
Local Name
Mamidi
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
Ed : Fruits are edible Pickles from raw fruits
Me: (1) Cough, Asthma : Leaves as bechic and antiasthmatic. Tender leaves, stem
bark of Ricinus communis, and seeds are mixed, boiled in water and filtered to get
decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally, thrice in a day for three days.
61
(2) Diarrhoea : Resinous juice from the stem as antidiarrhoeal. The juice is mixed with
white of an egg and a teaspoonful of this mixture is taken thrice in a day for three days.
(3) Menorrhagia and Leucorrhoea : Stem bark is broken into pieces, boiled in water,
filtered to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given orally thrice in a day for one week.
Co : Wood is used in hut making and agricultural implements.
Mi: Small leafy branches are hanged as banners across the streets and in huts for
decoration, during festivals and marriages.
Rhus mysorensis G. Don, Gen. Syst. 2 : 74. 1832.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obovate. Flowers greenish - yellow,
in axillary or terminal panicles. Drupes globose.
Occasional in dry forests. October - December. V.S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 16270.
Local Name
Sundaari
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Fruits are edible.
Me: (1) Tooth ache : Twig cuttings as odontralgics and dentrifices. Teeth are brushed
with twig cuttings, both early in the morning and in night for ten days.
(2) Neck pain : Roots as analgesic. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction A cup of decoction is taken in orally, thrice in a day for three days.
Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz. Prelim. Rep. For & Veg. Pegu Append. A. 44 & B.42
1875.
Deciduous trees Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets opposite. Flowers yellow, in panicles
Drupes ellipsoid.
Rare
in Sri Harikota islands. December-August. V.S : Sri Hari kota, SS 20366.
t
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
:
Pulla mamidi / Adavi mamidi.

Ed
Yanadi
Raw fruits in pickle preparation
MORINGACEAE
Moringa pterigosperma Gaertn , Fruct. 2: 314. 1791.
M. oteifera Lam., Encycl. 1
398. 1785.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves 2 -3 pinnate, leaflets ovate - elliptic. Flowers white, in
axillary panicles Capsules loculicidal.
Common in villages and Yanadi colonies. July-August. V.S : Kovuru, SS 16355.
Local Name
Munaga.
Use Category
Ed / Me / Te
62
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
Ed : Tender fruits as vegetable.
Me (1) Partial paralysis : Stem bark as antiparalytic. Strips of bark are heated and
wrapped around the affected limb and bandaged. To be repeated once in seven days
(2) Intestinal worms : Stem bark as vermifuge. Stem bark is crushed well, boiled in
water to get decoction; strained and cooled. One cup of decoction is taken in, on an
empty stomach once in a day for three days.
(3) Night blindness : Tender leaves are crushed, squeezed through a thin cloth to get
leaf sap Two or three spoonful of leaf sap is taken orally twice in a day until cured.
(4) Scorpion sting : gum as antidote. Gum is rubbed on a stone with a drop of water
to get a paste, applied at the site of sting.
Te : Gum is used as an adhessive material.
FABACEAE
Abrus precatorius L., Syst. Nat. ed. 12.2:472. 1767,
Perennial twining shrubs. Leaves paripinnate, leaflets oblong. Flowers pinkish- purple,
in axillary racemes. Pods linear - oblong.
Common on hedges and bushes. August-January. \7S : Kulluru, SS 20352.
Local Name
Telia Gurivinda, Yerra Guriginja
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Ed : Tenders leaves as vegetable.
Me (1) Cough : Leaves as bechic. Tender leaves are squeezed between the palms to
get leaf sap. Two teaspoonful of leaf sap are given orally twice in a day for 3 days
Leaf powder, mixed with sugar is chewed twice in a day for 3 days.
(2) Gonorrhoea : A few leaves are crushed, kept in a cup of water for 30 minutes and
strained A cup of infusion is taken orally twice in a day for 3 days.
(3) Sore throat A few tender leaves are chewed twice in a day until cured.
(4) Body swellings : Leaves are crushed, mixed with honey and applied externally on
swellings thrice in a day until cured,
Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. in Miq. PI. Jungh. 242. 1852.
Annual trailing herbs. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets elliptic - obovate. Flowers yellow, in
axillary racemes. Pods oblong.
Common in forests. December-April. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 16291.
Local Name
Pacha botavadi
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
63
Use Description
Me : Diarrhoea in Cattle : Tender shoots as antidiarrhoeat. Such shoots are ground

well to get thick paste; given orally, twice in a day for three days.
Mi : Tender twigs as cattle feed.
Butea monosperma (Lan.) Taub., in Engler & Prantl., Pflanzenf. 3 (3): 366. 1894.
Butea frondosa Roxb. in Asiat Res. 3:369. 1792.
Deciduous trees. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets broadly obovate. Flowers orange-scarlet,
in axillary or terminal panicles. Pods flat, pubescent.
Common in forests. February-June. V S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 20304.
Local Name
Moduga vudu
Use Category
Me / Te / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me: (1) Constipation : Seeds as purgative and vermifuge. Seeds are dried and
powdered. One teaspoonful of powder is taken with water once at bed time.
(2) whooping cough : Seeds are burnt to ash. One teaspoonful of ash. mixed with
one teaspoonful of honey and taken in at bed-time for three days.
Te Yellow dye is extracted from flowers and used in dyeing cloths. Gum is collected.
Mi: Leaves as meal plates.
Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC., Prodr. 2 . 404, 1825. Canavaiia gladiata
DC., Wight, ic. t. 753. 1844.
auct non
Large climbing shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets elliptic - ovate. Flowers pink, in
Common on bushes and hedges. October - December. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS
18606
Local Name
. Adavi thamba, Thamda.
Use Category
Ed / Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed. Tender pods as vegetable.
Me : Stomach ulcers ; Fruits as vulnerary. Decoction is prepared by boiling pods in
water A cup of decoction is taken orally twice in a day for one week
Mi : Seeds are rubbed on a flattened stone with water to get a paste. The tribals use
this paste to let out the insects from their hidings in the soil, capture them, fried and
eaten
64
Clitoria tematea L., Sp. PI. 753. 1753.

Climbing herbs. Leaves pinnate, leaflets ovate. Flowers blue or white, solitary, axillary.
Pods oblong
Common in hedges as an escape. October-December. V-.S : Kulluru, SS 16339.
Sanku puvvu
Local Name
Use Category
Me / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Me: (1) Constipation in children : Roots as purgative. Roots are ground well with
water, squeezed through a thin cloth to get root extract. A teaspoonful of root extract is
given orally twice in a day.
(2) Fever & Rheumatic pains : Leaves as antipyretic and antirheumatic. Tender
leaves are cooked in water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given orally, twice in
a day until cured.
Mi: Ornamental plant.
Dalbergia paniculata Roxb , PI. Cor. t 114. 1799.
Large deciduous trees
Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets oblong-obovate.
Flowers
pinkish - purple in long panicles. Pods lanceolate.
April-September.
V.S: Gilakapadu forest.
SS 16272; Venkatagiri durgam, SS 20305.
Local Name
Pachaari
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me: (1) Rheumatic swellings : Leaves as discutient. Tender leaves are warmed,
placed on swellings and bandaged twice in a day until cured.
(2) Foot cracks : Leaves are warmed, placed on cracks and bandaged, tiwce in a day
for three days.
Denis scandens (Roxb.) Benth. in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4 (Suppl) : 103. 1860.
Large, woody climbing shrubs. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets elliptic - oblong Flowers
white - pink, in axillary racemes. Pods oblong.
Common on hedges. September-February. V,S. Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12481;
Gilakapadu forest, SS 16269.
Local Name
Mynapu theega, Theega dirisena
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed: Tender leaves as vegetable by local tribals.
65
Me: (1} Antinatal complications in women : Root bark as panacea
Root bark is cut
into pieces, boiled in water in a new pot to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given
orally thrice in a day for three days.
(2) Rheumatic pains of Legs & Hands : Tuberous roots as antirheumatic Root tubers
are cut into pieces, taken in a new pot and boiled with water. Half cup of cooled
supernetant liquid is taken orally thrice in a day for three days. Liquid also applied at
the site of pain.
Dolichos trilobus L., Sp.PI. 726. 1753.
Perennial twining herbs. Leaves trifoliolate, terminal leaflets ovate. Flowers yellow, in
axillary lax racemes. Pods linear, glabrous.
Common in field hedges. August-December. V.S : Kulluru, SS 20331.
Local Name
Adavi chikkudu
Use Category
Ed
Use Description
Ed : Pods as vegetable.
Yanadi
Indigofera aspalathoides DC., Prodr. 2 : 231. 1825

Stiff undershrubs. Leaves tri - pentafoliolate, leaflets linear - oblanceolate. Flowers
red, solitary, axillary. Pods cylindric.
Common in the district. August-October. \/.S : Narasimha konda, SS 18678.
Local Name
Chinna nelavemu.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Tooth ache Roots as odontic. Tender roots are chewed in the morning and evening
to get relief.
Dandruff: Plants are dried and burnt to ash. The ash is mixed in coconut oil, applied
to scalp and washed after one hour, every morning for one week.
Indigofera cassioides DC., Prodr. 2.225. 1825.
Large erect shrubs. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets elliptic - oblong. Flowers purple red,
in axillary racemes. Pods cylindrical, glabrous.
Occasional in forests. October-March. V.S: Bairagula kona (Penchalakona).
SS 26313
Local Name
Kondanili
Use Category
Ed /Me
Information Source
Yanadi
66
Use Description
:
Ed : Tender leaves as vegetable.
Me : Stomach ache : Roots as stomachic. Roots are dried and powdered
teaspoonful of powder and equal amount of honey is taken orally, thrice in a day.
Indigofera tinctoria L., Sp. PI. 751. 1753.

Undershrubs Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets obovate. Flowers reddish - pink, in
Common in hedges and bushes. August - October. V,S : Kulluru, SS 20353.
Local Name
Nilimanduchetlu.
Use Category
Te
Folklore
Use Description
:
Te : Blue dye extracted from leaves and stems, used in whitening and brightening
white clothes.
Melilotus indica (L.) All., FI. Pedem. 1 : 308. 1875
Annual diffuse herbs. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obovate. Flowers yellow, in axillary
and terminal racemes. Pods oblong.
Occasional weed of fields plant forest plains. January-April. V.S : Siddulaiah kona,
SS 18697.
Local Name
Use Category
Use Description
:
Pasupu veru chettu

Me
Yanadi
Jaundice : Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get decoction.
decoction is given orally twice in a day for three days.
Half cup of
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre., FI Forest. Cochinch, sub. t. 385. 1899. Pongamia
glabra Vent, Jard. Malm. t. 28. 1803.
Evergreen trees Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets ovate - elliptic. Flowers purplish white, in axillary racemes. Pods obliquely oblong.
Common in the district. March-August. V S : Kadiri nayudu palli, SS 16365.
Local Name
Kanuga.
Use Category
Me / Mi
Use Description
Me: (1) Rabies Roots are crushed and boiled in water to get decoction. A cup of
decoction is given orally. First dosage is given immediately after bite, followed in the
morning and evening for three days.
67
(2) Whooping cough : Entire fruit or seeds as bechic. Seeds are roasted on fire and
powdered. A pinch of powder is mixed with honey and taken in thrice in a day for one
week. The natives used to tie a dried fruit to their necks, even for a common cough
(3) Scabies : Oil, extracted from the seeds, is applied to the skin after bath, every
morning and evening for one week.
Mi: Grown as shade giving trees.
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., PI. Cor. t. 116. 1799.
Deciduous trees. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets elliptic-oblong.
Flowers yellow, in
terminal racemes. Pods orbicular, winged.

Occasional on hill slopes. March-July. V.S : Kulluru, SS 20354.
Local Name
Yege, Yegisa
Use Category
Me/Co/Te
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : Diabetes : Stem bark as antidiabetic. Stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled in water
to get decoction. One cup of decoction is taken orally twice in a day for 15 days.
Co : Wood much used in hut / house construction.
Te : Gum, commerically called Kino is extracted from stem, used as an adhesive.
Pterocarpus santalinus L., f,, Suppl. PI. 318.1781.
Deciduous trees. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets ovate orbicular. Flowers yellow, in
terminal racemes. Pods suborbicular, winged.
Common on hill slopes. April-August. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18671.
Yerra chandanamu, Rakta chandanamu.
Local Name
Use Category
Co
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
Wood is used in house making by Yanadis. Attractive
household carvings and furniture are made out of the wood by locals.
Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC in Ann. Sci Nat. (Paris) 4 : 97 1825.
Large climbing shrubs. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obovate - rhomboid. Flowers blue,
in lax racemes. Pods linear - elliptic.
Occasioanl in dry deciduous forests.
February-June.
V.S: Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12439.
Local Name
Bhoochakra gadda
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed : Raw tubers are eaten by local tribals
68
Me : Male sterility : Tubers as refrigerant, and aphrodisiac. Tubers are boiled in water
and eaten with honey, twice in a day for two weeks.
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., Prodr 2 : 385. 1825.
Annual trailing herbs. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets obovate - rhomboid. Flowers yellow,
in axillary racemes. Pods oblong.
Common in the forests, June-November, V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18650.
Local Name
Adavi chikkudu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Blood dysentery : Cotyledons as antidysenteric, Cotyledons are cooked and made
into paste The paste is taken in with water twice in a day for three days.
Rhynchosia suaveolens (L.) DC., Prodr. 2 : 387. 1825.
Annual subshrubs. Leaves trifoliolate, leaflets ovate - rhomboid. Flowers yellow, in
axillary pairs. Pods oblong, pubescent.
Occasional in dry deciduous forests.
October-February. V.S : Penchala kona,
SS & BR 16228
Adavi kandi
Local Name
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
:
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Cotyledons are cooked as curry and eaten by local tribals.
Me : Antinatal complications in women : Leaves as penacea Leaves are added as
one of the ingredients of the decoction prepared by Yanadis. A cupful of decoction is
given orally thrice in a day for three days.
Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci. 7 : 235, 1912.
Shrubs Leaves paripinnate, leaflets opposite, oblong. Flowers brown to purple, in
axillary long racemes. Pods linear - cylindric.
Cultivated or found run wild in the district. November-April. V S : Sri Harikota,
SS 20367.
Local Name
Jeeluga
Use Category
Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
Leafy branches as cattle feed and as green manure.
Sophora interrupta Bedd., Ic. t. 165. 1868 - 1874.
Tall erect shrubs. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets elliptic. Flowers yellow in racemes
Pods glabrous.
69
Occasional in hill slopes. October-February. V.S : Penchala kona, SS & BR 16231

Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Antinatal complications in
Adavi senaga
Me
Yanadi
women : Decoction is prepared from the leaves
A cup of
decoction is given in orally, twice in a day for three days.

Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., Syn. PI. 2 : 329.1807.
Perennial undershrubs. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets obovate-oblanceolate
purple in axillary or terminal recemes. Pods linear, flat.
Common in waste lands. All seasons. V.S : Kovuru, SS 20336
Local Name
Nela vempali, Vempali
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Flowers
(1) Elephantiasis : Roots as antifilariasis. The roots are bruised, boiled with coconut
oil and made into an ointment. The ointment is applied on the symptoms, thrice is a
day until cured
(2) Mouth ulcers : Roots as antibiotic. Roots are beaten up, mixed with arrack and
applied internally as a thin layer, twice in a day for three days.
(3) Dyspepsia : Roots are bitter and used as stomachic. Roots are boiled in water to
get decoction A cup of decoction is given in orally thrice a day for three days.
(4) Antinatal complications ; Roots form the part of the ingredients of the decoction
prepared by Yanadi.
Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers., Syn. PI. 2 : 329. 1807.
Perennial undershrubs. Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets obovate. Flowers purple, in
pseudo axillary racemes. Pods flat, curved upwards.
Common in waste places July - November. V.S : Nandavaram, SS 18687
Local Name
Nela vempali
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
(1) Elephantiasis : Roots as antifilariasis and discutient. The roots are bruised, boiled
in coconut oil and made into an ointment. The ointment is applied at the symptoms,
twice in a day until cured.
(2) Chronic skin disease : Tender twigs & roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to
get decoction. A cup of decoction is taken in orally twice in a day for one week
70
CAESALPINIACEAE
Bauhinia racemosa Lam., Encycl. 1 : 390. 1785.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves bilobed ovate - orbicular.
Flowers pale yellow, in
terminal and leaf - opposed racemes. Pods oblong, twisted.

Common in dry deciduous forests. March - October. V.S : Narasimha konda, SS
18683.
Local Name
Are, Ari
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Tender leaves and fruits as vegetable.
Me : Antinatal complications in ladies : Root bark as panacea. Decoction is
prepared from the root bark, a cup of it given orally, thrice in a day for three days.
Co . Fibre from the stem bark is made in to ropes, used in hut making.
Caesatpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb,, FI. Ind. 2 : 362, 1832. Caesalpinia crista L., Sp. PI.
380. 1753.
Large straggling prickly shrubs. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets elliptic - oblong. Flowers
yellow, in axillary spicate racemes. Pods oblong, densely prickled.
Common in the district. August - February. V.S : Kulluru, SS 16337.
Local Name
Gaccha kaya chetlu.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Folk lore
Use Description
(1) Hydrocele : Seeds are ground on a flattened stone with water to get thick paste,
gently applied on the affected parts (Testicles), twice in a day until cured.
(2) Asthma : Leaves as antiasthmatic. Leaves are crushed and squeezed in a fist to
get leaf sap. Two teaspoonful of leaf sap is taken in orally twice in a day for fifteen
days.
(3) intestinal worms : Leaves as vermicide and vermifuge. 2 or 3 teaspoonful of leaf
sap is given in orally once in the morning for seven days.
Cassia auriculata L., Sp PI. 379. 1753.
Shrubs. Leaves pinnate, leaflets elliptic - oblong. Flowers yellow, in axillary or terminal
corymbose racemes. Pods flat, oblong.
Common in open scrubs. May - September. \/.S : Kulluru, SS 16368,
Local Name
Thangedu
Use Category
Me / Te / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
71
Use Description
Me (1) Tooth ache : Stem cuttings as dentrifices and odontic. Teeth are brushed with
a stem cutting, twice in a day until cured.
(2) Vomiting : Flowers as antiemetic. Flowers are gound well, squeezed through a thin
cloth to get juice. One teaspoonful of juice is mixed with one teaspoonful of honey and
given in orally twice in a day.
Te ; Stem bark in tanning and dyeing leather.
Mi: Flowers for decoration during marriages.
Cassia fistula L., Sp. PI. 377. 1753.
Small deciduous trees. Leaves pinnate, leaflets oblong - ovate, Flowers yellow, in
axillary racemes. Pods cylindrical, glabrous.
Common in open forests. March - May. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12414.
Local Name
Use Category
Rela
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Tender leaves used as vegetable.
Me (1) Dysentery : Fruits as antidysenteric. Pulp of the fruit taken in orally, twice in a
day until dysentery stops.
(2) Scabies : Dried stem bark is rubbed on a flattered stone with water to get a paste,
applied externally after bath in the morning until cured.
Cassia italica (Mill.) Andr. FI. PL Anglo Egypt. Sudan 2:117, 1952.
Diffuse herbs. Leaves pinnate, leaflets elliptic - oblong. Flowers yellow, in axillary
racemes. Pods flat, apiculate.
Occasional in fallow fields. June - September. V.S : Kulluru, 16389.
Local Name
Nela thangedu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Constipation : Leaves as purgative Tender leaves are crushed and squeezed to
get leaf sap. One teaspoonful of sap is given in orally once after dinner.
(2) Bone fracture : Leaves are ground well to get thick paste, applied at the site of
fracture and bandaged, once in every three days until cured.
72
Cassia occidentalis L., Sp. PI 377. 1753.

Annual undershrubs. Leaves pinnate, leaflets ovate - lanceolate.
corymbs. Pods oblong, glabrous.
Abandant in wastelands and forest peripheries. August-January.
Flowers yellow in
V.S : Kovuru,
SS 16317.
Local Name
Kasintha, Benukaaku.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Muscle strain : Tender leaves are squeezed between the palms to get leaf sap. The
sap is applied at the site of strain and rubbed gently thrice in a day until cured.
Hardwickia binata Roxb., PI, Cor. t. 209. 1811.
Deciduous trees. Leaves bifoliolate, leaflets obliquely ovate. Flowers yellowish green, in terminal panicles. Pods strap shaped.
Common in forests. August - December. V.S : Kulluru, SS 16397.
Local Name
Yepi
Use Category
Co/Te/Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Te : Resinous gum is collected from the stem & fibre from stem bark.
Mi : Leaves as green manure. Wood in agricultural implements.
Pterolobium hexapetalum (Roxb.) Sant. & Wagh in Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5 : 108.1963
Straggling prickly shrubs. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets ovate - oblong. Flowers white, in
axillary or terminal racemes. Pods winged, oblong.
Common in all dry forests. July - December. V.S : Stambala kona, SS 16301.
Local Name
Pariki
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Whooping cough in children: stem bark cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction. A spoonful of it given internally twice a day until cured.
Tamarindus indica L., Sp. PI. 34.1753
Evergreen trees. Leaves paripinnate, leaflets oblong. Flowers pinkish - white, in lax
racemes. Pods falcate, turgid.
Common in villages. April - December. V.S : Udayagiri, SS 20316.
73
Local Name
Chinta
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed . Fruit pulp in curry preparation
Roasted cotyledons edible tender leaves as
vegetable. Raw fruits in pickle preparation.
Me (1) Scorpion sting : Seeds as antidote The seed is rubbed on a stone with a few
drops of water to get a paste. The paste is applied at the site of the sting.
(2) Menorrhagia . Stem bark is broken into pieces, boiled in water to get decoction, a
cup of it is taken in orally, thrice in a day for three days.
Co : Wood as pillars in hut making.
Mi: wood in agricultural implements
MIMOSACEAE
Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd., Sp, PI. 4 : 1083. 1806.
Deciduous armed trees. Leaves bipinnate with stipular spines, leaflets linear - oblong
Flowers pale yellow, in globose heads. Pods linear - oblong.
Common in dry deciduous forests. August - December. V.S : Gilakapadu forest. SS
16254 ; Narasimha konda, SS 18674.
Local Name
Telia thumma
Use Category
Me / Co / Te
Yanadi 1 Folklore
Use Description
:
Me: (1) Cold & Bronchitis in cattle : Root bark as alexiteric. Root bark, turmeric,
bulbs of Allium cepa are ground well to get paste. The paste is given in orally twice in a
day. until cured.
Co : Wood is used in hut making.
Te : Stem bark is sold to leather industry, for tanning purpose.
Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib. in Bull. 1915 : 410. 1915.
Prickly climbing shrubs. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets elliptic, subsessile. Flowers white in
globose heads Pods linear, flat.
March-September.
V S : Siddulaiah kona,
SS 18628.
Local Name
Korintheega
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
74
Use Description
:
Cough in children : Leaves as bechic or antitussive.
Leaflets are ground well, squeezed through a thin cloth to get leaf sap. A teaspoonful
of leaf sap is given in orally, once in the morning for three days.
Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boiv.. in Encycl. 19. 34. 1838.
Deciduous trees. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets linear - oblong. Flowers creamy - yellow,
in globose heads. Pods oblong, flat.
Common in the deciduous forests. March - September. V S : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12408; Siddulaiah konda, SS 18616.
Local Name
Seekireni
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Dandruff : Leaves as insecticide Leaves are dried in
shade and powdered. The powder is applied to the scalp with little water and washed
after half an hour. To be repeated once in a week, until cured.
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Am., Prodr. 271. 1834.
Thorny small trees, Leaves bipinnate, Flowers small in purple and yellow coloured
spikes. Pods twisted.
Common in open dry scrubs.
August - December
V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS
16283
Local Name
Veluthuru chettu.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
(1) Fever in children : Fibres from stem bark as antipyretic. Fibres are tied around
waist of the children, once in a day, until cured.
(2) Scabies : Tender leaflets are ground well with water to get paste, applied on the
symptoms twice in a day until cured.
Mimosa pudica L., Sp. PI 518. 1753.
Prostrate prickly herbs. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets oblong, hispid. Flowers pink, in
axillary globose heads. Pods compressed, undulate.
Common in moist places. All seasons. V.S : Nellore, SS 16332.
Local Name
Attipatti, Komali
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
Scabies : Leaves are ground well with a little water to get
soft paste Paste is applied on the symptoms after bath, twice in a day until cured
75
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth, in Hook., London J. Bot. 3 : 199.1844.

Evergreen armed trees. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets obliquely oblong. Flowers white, in
panicled spikes. Pods moniliform, coiled.
Common in villages and field hedges. January - May. V S : Udayagiri, SS 20317
Local Name
Seema chinta
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed : Arils of the seeds are edible.
Me (1) Fever : Stem bark as febrifuge. Stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled in water,
filtered to get decoction. A cup of decoction, given in orally thrice in a day for three
days
(2) Knife cuttiings & Injuries : Leaves as antiseptic and antitetanus. Leaves are
masticated in the mouth to get thick paste. The paste is directly placed on the cut or
injury and bandaged, once in a day until cured.
Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stunz., in C.S.D.A. Bur. PI. Industr. Invent. Seeds 31:85
1914. Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) Dc., Prodr. 2 : 447. 1825.
Deciduous armed trees. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets oblong, glabrous. Flowers yellow,
in axillary spikes. Pods linear, oblong.
Common in waste lands. All seasons. V,S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 16246,
Local Name
Karra thumma, Kanchethumma
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : Septic injuries / wounds : Leaves as antiseptic and vulnerary. Tender leaves
jaggary, and 2 or 3 Piper betel leaves are ground well with sesamum oil to get soft
paste. The paste is applied on wounds / injuries and bandaged, once in a day until
cured.
Mi : Pods as cattle feed. Stems as firewood by natives. Grown as fencing plants
around fields.
Prosopis cineraria (L) Druce., in Bot Exch. Club. Soc Brit. Isles 3 : 422. 1914
Prosopis spicigera L., Mant. PI. 68. 1767.
Thorny trees. Leaves bipinnate, leaflets linear oblong. Flowers pale yellow, in axillary
spikes. Pods turgid, subtorulose. Frequent in scrubs forests. June - September V.S :
Nellore, SS 20341.
Local Name
Jammi
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
76
Use Description
Me : (1) Jaundice : Stem bark is crushed into small pieces and strained in a cup of
water for 30 minutes, the infusion is given in orally twice in a day for three days.
(2) Dysentery : Stem bark as antidysenteric. Stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled in
water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally, thrice in a day for three
days
Mi: A sacred plant for Hindus, common in and around the temples.
COMBRETACEAE
Anogeissus latifolia (DC.) Beddome, FI. Sylv. S. Ind, t, 15, 1869.
Deciduous trees Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers yellow, in fascicled heads Drupes
compressed, glabrous.
August-December.
VS: Penchala kona,
SS & BR 16226.
Local Name
Sirimamidi, Yelama.
Use Category
Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me . Cough : stem bark as bechic. A cup of decoction prepared from stem bark is
taken internally twice in a day for three days.
Mi: Wood in agricultural implements.
Combretum aibidum G. Don., in Trans. Linn. Soc. London 15 : 429. 1827
C.ovaiifolium Roxb., Fi. Ind. 2 :226. 1832.
Gregarious climbing shrubs. Leaves ovate - oblong. Flowers pale green, in axillary
facemes. Drupes ovoid, winged.
Common in dry deciduous forests. February - May. VS : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12483.
Local Name
Yaada, Yadara theega.
Use Category
Co/Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Co ' Wiry stems in hut making.
Me : Leaves as abortifacient for cattle. Decoction is prepared from the leaves and
given in orally to cows.
Terminalia arjuna (DC.) Wight & Am, Prodr. 314. 1834.
Large deciduous trees.
Leaves oblong - elliptic. Flowers pale yellow, in terminal
panicled spikes Drupes angled, woody.
77
Common
in
dry
SS& BR 16229.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
deciduous
forests.
April-October.
V.S:
Penchalakona.
Venna mudda, Erri maddi

Co I Tel Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Te : Gum from stem sold to Girijan corporation, Nellore.
Terminalia chebula Retz., Obs Bot. 5 : 31. 1789
Deciduous trees. Leaves elliptic - oblong, coriaceous Flowers yellow, in axillary
spikes Drupes ellipsoid - obovoid.
Common in deciduous forests. May - October. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, 18646.
Local Name
Karaka
Use Category
Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
Me (1) Constipation : Unripe, dried fruits as purgative. Such fruits are powdered. A
teaspoonful of powder is mixed with a spoonful of honey, given in orally at bed time, for
three days.
(2) Sore eyes Fruit in ophthalmia. The fruits are rubbed on a clean, flattened stone
with a little water to get fine paste. The paste is externally applied to the eyes once in
the morning and night until cured.
Co : Wood in making huts and cots.
Mi: Dried fruits are sold to Girijan corporation, Nellore.
Terminalia pallida Brandis, Indian Trees 308.1921.
Deciduous trees. Leaves rounded-obovate. Flowers creamy-yellow, in axillary or
terminal simple spikes. Drupes obovoid.
Occasional on hill tops. March - July. V.S : Stambala kona, SS 16351.
Local Name
Telia karaka
Use Category
Me / Co / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : (1) Diarrhoea : Stem bark as antidiarrhoeal. Stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled in
water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally twice in a day until cured.
(2) Cough : Fruits as bechic. The dried fruit pulp is finely powdered after removing the
seed, one teaspoonful of powder, mixed with a pinch of turmeric powder, taken in with
water, twice in a day for seven days.
78
(3) Grey hair : Oil, extracted from seed kernels, is applied to hair daily for three
months.
Co : Wood as pillars in hut.
Mi: Wood in cot making.
MYRTACEAE
Eugenia bracteata (Willd.) DC. Prodr. 3 : 264. 1828.
Trees. Leaves opposite decussate, ovate - elliptic. Flowers white, in axillary cymes.
Fruits globose.
Occasional. April - August. \/.S : Sri Harikota, SS 20368.
Local Name
Konda Neredu.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Me (1) Tonsils & Gum swellings : Freshly collected roots are ground well to get paste,
given in orally with a cup of goats milk twice in a day for three days.
Syzygium alternifolium (Wight.) Walp., Rep. 2 : 179. 1843.
Ever green trees Leaves suborbicular - ovate. Flowers white, in axillary, trichotomous
cymes Berries globose, dark purple.
Occasional on hill slopes. March - July. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18665.
Local Name
Use Category
Use Description
Moyi
Ed / Co
Yanadi
Ed : Furits are edible.

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels in U.S.D.A. Bur. PI. Industr. Bull., 248.2 1912
Syzygium jambolanum (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 3 :259. 1828.
Large evergreen trees. Leaves elliptic-oblong. Flowers white, in paniculate cymes.
Berries oblong.
Common along roadsides and in villages, in forests. July-December. V S : Venkatagiri
durgam, 12424: Siddulaiah kona, SS 18631.
Local Name
Neredu, Allipandlu, Alla neredu.
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
79
Me: (1) Diabetes : Seeds as antidiabetic.
Seeds are dried and powdered
teaspoonful of powder is boiled in water to get decoction. Half cup of decoction is

taken in orally, tiwce in a day for 15 days.
(2) Gonorrhoea : Seeds as antiseptic. Seeds are dried and powdered. One
teaspoonful of powder is taken in orally with water, twice a day until cured.
Mi: Leafy branches for decoration during festivals and marriages. Wood in agricultural
implements.
MELASTOMATACEAE
Memecyion edule Roxb., PI. Cor. t. 82. 1798.
Evergreen small trees. Leaves broadly ovate - elliptic. Flowers blue in axillary umbels
Berries globose, black.
Common in forests. June - September. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18660.
Local Name
Alii
Use Category
Ed / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Co Wood in hut making.
Mi: Wood in agricultural implements
LYTHRACEAE
Ammania multiflora Roxb., FI. Ind. 1:447. 1820.
Annual herbs. Leaves linear - oblong, sessile. Flowers red, in simple or dichasial lax
cymes. Capsules globose, red.
Common in marshy and fallow fields. January - June. V.S : Gilakapadu, SS 16340.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Vendapaku
Me
Yanadi
Fever : Whole plant as antipyretic. A few plants are
washed, and boiled in water to get decoction. A cupful of decoction is given in orally
Lawsonia inermis L., Sp. PI. 349. 1753.
Shrubs Leaves obovate - elliptic. Flowers yellow, in terminal panicles.
globose.
Common in field hedges and villages.
SS 16362.
December-January.
Capsules
V.S Gilakapadu,
80
Local Name
Gorintaaku
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Me: (1) Scabies : Leaves are ground well with water to get thick and soft paste, applied
on the symptoms twice in a day for sevendays,
(2) Blood dysentery : Seeds as antidysenteric. Seeds are dried and powdered. One
teaspoonful of powder is given orally with water twice in a day for three days.
(3) Leprosy : Leaves and flowers in equal proportions, ground well with water, filtered
through a thin cloth to get an extract. The extract is applied on the symptoms twice in a
day until cured.
(4) Jaundice : Leaves are boiled in water to get decoction. A teaspoonful of sugar is
added in a cup of decoction and taken in orally twice in a day for three days.
Mi: Leaves are used in colouring nails, during marriages and festive seasons.
PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora foetida L., Sp. PI. 959. 1753.
Climbing shrubs
Leaves ovate, trilobed. Flowers pale yellow, axillary in cymes
Berries globose.
Common on hedges. October-January. V.S : Kulluru, SS 16392.
Local Name
Gabbu donda.
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Head ache : Leaves as analgesic. Tender leaves are crushed, squeezed through a
thin cloth to get sap. The sap in applied to forehead, thrice in a day, until cured
'
CUCURBITACEAE
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrader, in Linnaea 12 : 414. 1838.

Trailing herbs. Leaves deeply 3-5 lobed, Flowers monoecious, axillary, male in
racemes, female solitary. Berries green, with white stripes.
Common on dry open sandy soils. August - Novemebr. V.S : Gilakapadu, SS 16244
Local Name
Chitti papara, Erripuccha.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Fever in children Roots as antipyretic. Root is rubbed on a clean stone with a
little water to get a paste. The paste is applied on the tongue and water is given, thrice
a day for 3 - days.
81
(2) Dropsy : The juice of the fruit, when fresh, mixed with sugar given in orally thrice in
a day for 15 -days.
(3) Constipation : Extract of the plant is powerful cathartic. The plant is ground well,
squeezed through a cloth to get an extract. A teaspoonful of extract is given orally at
bed time for three days.
Coccinia grandis (L ) Voigt., Hort. Sub. Calck. 59. 1845.
Annual climbing shrubs. Leaves broadly ovate, shallowly to deeply lobed.
Flowers
white, axillary, solitary. Berries ovoid - oblong.

Common on bushes and hedges. Throughout the year. V.S : Kovuru, SS 16400.
Local Name
Donda
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed: Tender fruits as vegetable.
Me : Wounds : Roots and leaves as vulnerary. Root is rubbed on a stone with a little
water to get a paste. The paste is applied on a wound, till it bursts and heals. Leaes
are crushed with butter and applied on wounds in the form of liniment.
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina.) Standley., in publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Chicago Bot
Ser. 1.3:435.
A climber
Leaves simple, suborbicular. Flowers white, axillary, solitary. Berries
cylindrical.
Commonly grown in Yanadi colonies. January-August. V.S : Palemkota Girijan colony,
SS 20357.
Local Name
Sorakaya
t,lse Category
Ed / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed: Tender fruits used as vegetable.
Mi: Ripe fruit shells used as utensils and water bottles.
Momordica charantia L., Sp. PI. 1009. 1753.
Annual, slender climbing herbs. Leaves deeply lobed, lobes obovate or linear. Flowers
unisexual, yellow, solitary. Berries oblong, tubercled.
Common in waste lands and forest outskirts. July-December. V.S : Kulluru, SS 16358.
Local Name
Kakara
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi / Folklore
82
Use Description
Ed : Tender fruits as vegetable.
Me : (1) Migraine : Leaf sap is mixed with salt. One drop of it dropped in each nostril.
(2) Diabetes : Tender fruits and leaves as antidiabetic. A teaspoonful of juice from fruit
or leaves, is given in orally at bed time for 7 -days.
(3) Psora, Scabies : Whole plant mixed with cinnamon, long pepper, rice, and
sesamum oil, boiled to get an ointment, applied on the symptoms, thrice in a day for
10 days.
Trichosanthes cucumerina L, Sp PI. 1008. 1753.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves orbicular, reniform or broadly ovate.. Flowers white, axillary,
male flowers in racemes, female ones solitary. Berries fusiform.
Common on hedges in forests. July - October. V.S : Kovuru, SS 20342.
Local Name
Pamudonda, Adavi potla, Chedupulla.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Stomach disorders : Seeds as stomachic. Seeds are dried and powdered. A
teaspoonful of powder is given in orally with water, thrice in a day for three days
(2) constipation : Roots as purgative. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction. A cup of decoction is given at bed time.
(3) Antinatal complications : Seeds and roots as part of ingredients of the decoction
BEGONIACEAE
Begonia malabarica Lam., Encycl. 1 . 393. 1785.

Succulent herbs. Leaves ovate or suborbicular. Flowers white in dichasial corymbose
cymes. Capsules rhomboid subglobose, 3 winged.
Rare on rock crevices in moist shades. December - February. V.S . Udayagiri durgam,
SS 16207.
Local Name
Adavi chukka
Mi
Use Category
Information Source
Folklore
Dried twigs are hanged at the corners of the houses, to
Use Description
drive out evil spirits.
CACTACEAE
Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.. Syn. PI. Succ. 191. 1812. Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl.)
Haw., Suppl. PI. Succ. 79. 1819.
Succulent shrubs. Flowers solitary, lateral, bright yellow. Berries pear shaped.
83
Common in dry open scrubs and waste places. May - August.
V.S : Stambala kona
SS 16382
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Brahma jemudu
Ed
Yanadi
Fruits are eaten by Yanadis.
AIZOACEAE
Trianthema portulacastrum L., Sp. P! 223. 1753

Annual, diffuse, prostrate herbs. Leaves obovate - orbicular Flowers white, solitary
Capsules oblong.
Abundant weed of cultivated fields and in moist places. June - December. V S : Palem
kota Girijan Colony (Venkatagiri), SS 12402.
Local Name
Atikamamidi
Use Category'
Ed
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
:
MOLLUGINACEAE
Glinus oppositifolius (L.) DC. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser 2 1 : 552.1901.
oppositifolia L., Sp. PI. 89. 1753.
Mollugo
Annual diffuse herbs Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers white, in axillary fas'-'des

Capsules ellipsoid.
Common weed in fields and waste lands. February - April, \/.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS
18638.
Local Name
Santhraci
,Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Scabies : Tender plants boiled in coconut oil to get an ointment, applied on the
symptoms after bath, twice in a day until cured.
APIACEAE
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, in Mart. FI. Bras. 11(1) : 287. t.78. f. 1. 1879. Hydrocotyle
asiatica L., Sp. PI. 234. 1753.
Annual prostrate herbs. Leaves reniform. Flowers purple, in axillary umbels
Cremocarps ribbed.
84
Occasional in moist places.
June-October.
V.S : lldayagiri durgam, SS 16208 ;

Local Name
Saraswathiaku, Vallari
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Bowel complaints, Fever in children : Leaves as stomachic and antipyretic The
leaves are toasted and given in infusion, twice in a day for three days.
(2) Leprosy : Entire plants are ground well with a little water to get paste. The paste is
applied on the symptoms twice in a day until cured.
(3) Nervous weakness : Leaves as nerve stimulent. Leaves are dried in shade and
powdered. A teaspoonful of leaf powder mixed with a spoonful of honey, taken in
orally thrice in a day for 40 days.
ALANGIACEAE
Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang in Engl. Pflanzenr 41.4 (2206) 9. 1910
Small deciduous trees. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers white, in axillary fascicles
Drupes globose.
February-April.
SS 12407 ; Siddulaiah kona, SS 18632 ; Narasimha konda, SS 18677.
Local Name
Uduga
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed: Fruits edible.
Me: (1) Hydrocele : Leaves are ground well with a little water to get a paste, applied,
covered by the leaf of the same plant and bandaged, once in a day for 40 days.
(2) Swelling due to snake bite : Stem bark as discutient and antidote. The stem bark
along with the stem bark of Strychnos are ground well with a little water to get a paste.
The paste is applied at the site of bite, twice in a day until cured.
RUBIACEAE
Benkara maiabarica (Lam.) Tirvengadam. in Taxon 32 : 440 1983
Armed shrubs. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers white, in axillary cymes.
globose
Common in scrubs. March - October. V.S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 16250.
Local Name
Pedamalle,
Nallapedamalle.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Berries
85
Use Description
Ed : Fruits are eaten by tribals.
Me: Swellings in the legs : Leaves and roots as discutient. Leaves are slightly
warmed and bandaged on swellings twice in a day until cured. Roots are ground well to
get paste. The paste is given in orally, twice in a day for two days.
Canthium dicoccum (Gaertn.) Teijsm & Cat., Hort. Bog. 113. 1866.
Thorny shrubs. Leaves elliptic, ovate - lanceolate. Flowers pale green, in axillary
umbels. Drupes obcordate, didymous.
Occasional in scrubs. December - March. V.S : Penchalakona, SS & BR 16225 :
Gilakapadu forest, SS 16278,
Local Name
Nakkena
Use Category
Ed / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Co : Wood as beams and pillars in hut construction.
Mi: Wood in comb making.
Canthium parviflorum Lam., Encycl. 1 : 602. 1785.
Thorny shrubs. Leaves elliptic - ovate. Flowers pale yellow in axillary fascicled cymes.
Drupes oblong - ellipsoid.
Common in waste lands. April - September. V.S : Sri Harikota, SS 20369.
Local Name
Nalla balusu.
Use Category
Ed / Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Me :
Mi: Wood as firewood.
Catunaregum spinosa (Thunb.) Tirvengadum in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat (Paris) Ser
3.35 : 13. 1978.
Deciduous thorny shrubs. Leaves obovate. Flowers yellowish-white, in subsessile
cymes Berries globose.
Common in scrub forests. September-November. V.S Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12419 ; Gilakapadu forest, SS 16277 ; Siddulaiah konda, SS 18640
Local Name
Balusu, Manga
Use Category
Ed / Me / Mi
Yanadi
86
Use Description
Me : Dandruff: Unripe fruits as detergents. Fruits cut open and rubbed to scalp with
water and washed, once in a week until cured.
Mi: Fruits are broken and mixed in stagnant water to poison fish.
Gardenia gummifera L. f., Suppl. PI. 164. 1781.
Deciduous trees. Leaves obovate-oblong. Flowers yellow, solitary, terminal. Berries
oblong.
SS 12417.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
March-September.
VS: Venkatagiri durgam,
Bikki
Ed
Yanadi
Fruits are edible.
Gardenia resinifera Roth, Nov PI. Sp. 150 1821

1824.
Small trees. Leaves elliptic - ovate.
G. lucida Roxb. FI Ind 2: 553
Flowers pale yellow, solitary, axillary.
Berries
ellipsoid.
Common in scrub jungles. May-August. V.S: Gilakapadu forest, SS 16251; Siddulaiah
kona, SS 18614
Local Name
Yerri bikki
Use Category
Me / Co / Te / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : Childrens weakness : Resin or gum collected from stem as stimulent. It is dried
and powdered. The powder is put on fire & the smoke, emitting from it is exposed to
face of children, twice in day for one week.
Co : Wood in hut construction.
Te : Gum is collected from the stem and sold to Girijan corporation, Nellore
Haldinia cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale in Blumea 24 : 361. 1978.
Deciduous large trees. Leaves orbicular. Flowers creamy - white in termincal heads
Capsules oblong.
Common in dry deciduous forests. May - October. V.S : Stambala kona. SS 16380
Local Name
Adavi manga, Rudra ganapa
Use Category
Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
87
Use Description
Me : Post natal complications : Stem bark as panacea. It is cut into pieces, boiled in
water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally, thrice in a day for three
days.
Co : wood in hut making.
Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam., Encycl, 1:272. 1792. Oidenlandia corymbosa L., Sp.
PI. 119. 1753.
Annual prostrate herbs Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers white, solitary or in clusters
Capsules globose.
Common in wastelands. July-March. V.S : Palemkota yanadi colony (Venkatagiri),
SS 20306.
Local Name
Chiru Nelavemu
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Jaundice ; Roots are ground well with little water to get
thick paste, made into round tablets. Two lablets, thrice in a day for three days are
given in orally with butter milk.
Hedyotis puberula (G.Don) Arn., Pugill., PI. Ind. orient. 342. 1836. Oidenlandia
puberula G. Don, Gen. Hist. 3 : 530. 1834. O. umbellata L, Sp. PI. 119. 1753
Perennial ascending herbs. Leaves clustered at nodes, linear-Lanceolate.
pinkish - white, in axillary umbels. Capsules globose.
Common weed of all places. July - January. V S : Penchala kona, SS 20314.
Flowers
Local Name
Chiruveru
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Snake bite : Leaves as antidote. A cup of decoction from leaves, given in orally
immediately after bite.
(2) Asthma : Leaves as antiasthmatic, The leaves are dried and powdered The leaf
powder is mixed with flour and made into cakes. Two cakes are eaten each day for
fifteen days.
Ixora arborea Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 19 : 5. 1811.
Evergreen trees. Leaves elliptic-obovate. Flowers white in trichotomously branched
cymes. Drupes subglobose.
Common in dry deciduous forests. March - September. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12482
88
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Koya
Me
Yanadi
Centipede bite : Root bark as antidote. Root bark is cut
Use Description
into pieces, ground well with water to get a paste, applied at the site of bite
Knoxia sumatrensis (Retz.) DC,, Prodr. 4: 569. 1830.

Annua! erect herbs
Leaves lanceolate.
Flowers violet, in axillary or terminal
corymbose cymes. Capsules with 2 - indehiscent mericarps.
Occasional in dry deciduous forests. July-November. V.S : Stambala kona, SS 16372
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Leaves are crushed,
cuts or injuries, twice
Nela vemu, Chedu pulla.

Me
:
Yanadi
:
Cuts & Injuries : Leaves as antiseptic and antitetanus.
squeezed through a thin cloth to get sap. The sap is applied on
in a day until healed.
Morinda pubescens Smith in Rees. Cyclop. 24 : 3. 1813.

Deciduous trees. Leaves elliptic - ovate. Flowers white, in globose umbellate heads
Syncarpia globose, with 4 - 6 fleshy pyrenes.
Common in forests. March - July. V.S : Nellore, SS 16383.
Local Name
Maddi, Thogaru, Pedda papidi
Use Category
Me / Co / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Me : Jaundice : Fresh stem bark is crushed and strained in a glsss of water
throughout night. The infusion is given in orally on an empty stomach in the morning
for 7 - days.
Mi; Wood in making furniture.
Pavetta indica L., Sp. PI. 110. 1753.
Shrubs. Leaves elliptic - oblong, obovate. Flowers in terminal corymbose panicles
Berries ovoid.
Common in scrubs. July - October. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12464 ; Panasabavi
(Venkatagiri durgam), SS 16240.
Local Name
Katika papari
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
89
Use Description
Ed: Fruits edible.
Me : Back pain : Leaves as analgesic. Leaves are beaten and squeezed through a
new, thin cloth to get leaf sap, applied gently at the place of pain, thrice in a day for
three days.
Tarenna asiatica (L.) K. Schum. Bot Tidsskr. 24 : 332. 1902
Large shrubs Leaves elliptic-oblong. Flowers white, in corymbose cymes
Berries
globose
Common in scrubs. July - September. V.S : Siddulaiah konda, SS 18601.
Local Name
Kommi
Use Category
Ed / Co
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed .Fruits are edible.
Co / Twigs for fencing around the huts.
ASTERACEAE
Blumea membranacea DC. var. Jacquemontii (Hook.f.) Randeria in Blumea 1QV274
1960.
Annual herbs Leaves obovate - oblanceolate. Heads yellow, in terminal panicies
Achenes minute, spindle-shaped with pappus.
Occasional on hill slopes. January - March. V.S : Udayagiri durgam, SS 16399.
Local Name
Karapaaku
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Piles : Leaves are ground well, squeezed through a new
cloth to get sap Three - teaspoonful of sap is mixed with one teaspoonful of cow ghee
and taken in orally twice in a day for 15 days.
Dicoma tomentosa Cass, in Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 12. 1818.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves obovate or linear. Heads homogamous, solitary, axillary
Achenes obovate.
Common in waste places. November - February. V.S : Udayagiri durgam, SS 16215.
Local Name
Goligundaku
Use Category
Mi
Information Source
Folklore
Use Description
Leafy branches are hanged at the corners of the huts to
drive off evil spirits.
90
Echinops echinatus Roxb , FI. Ind. 3 : 447. 1832.

Annual herbs. Leaves lanceolate. Heads white, solitary, axillary or terminal. Achenes
obconical with pappus
Common weed of wastelands. December-June. V.S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 16248.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
:
Brahma donda, Brahma dandi

Me
Yanadi
Leg pain : Roots as analgesic
Roots are ground with
pepper to get paste. The paste is made into tablets. Two tablets in the morning and
evening for three days.
Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Mant. PI. 286. 1771. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., PI. Jav. Rar.
528 1848.
Annual prostrate or erect herbs. Leaves lanceolate. Heads heterogamous. solitary,
axillary or terminal with white florets. Achenes compressed with pappus.
Common in moist wastelands and cultivated fields. All seasons. V.S : Palemkota qirijan
colony (Venkatagiri), SS 16372,
Local Name
Guntagalagara, Gunta galijeru
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed Leaves as vegetable
Me: (1) Tooth ache : Stems or twigs as dentrifices and odontralgics Teeth are
brushed with twigs, twice in a day until cured.
(2) Jaundice : Leaves are squeezed in the fist to get leaf sap A teaspoonful of sap is
given in orally, thrice in a day for 15 - days.
(3) Elephantiasis : Whole plant in its fresh state is ground well, mixed with gingelly oil.
boiled to get an ointment, applied externally at the symptom, thrice in a day until cured
(4) Gonorrhoea : Whole plant as an antiseptic. Tender twigs are ground well into a
paste, squeezed through a new, thin cloth to get sap. Half cup of sap is taken in orally,
(5) Loss of Hair (Depilatory) : Whole plant as antidepilatory. Plants are crushed to
get sap. Equal quantities of sap and coconut oil are mixed, boiled to get an ointment,
massaged the scalp once in a day for 40 - days.
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC in Wight Contrib. Bot. Ind. 24 1834
Annual suberect herbs. Leaves lanceolate-ovate. Heads homogamous, pink, terminal
Achenes with pappus.
Common in forests and wastelands. August-November. t/.S: Penchala kona,
SS 20315
91
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Gayapaku
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Injuries, Knife cuts : Leaves as antiseptic and
antitetanus. Leaves are crushed, squeezed through a thin cloth, to get leaf sap Leaf
sap is applied on injury twice in a day until cured.
Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers., Syn PI. 2 : 421,1807
Annual erect herbs. Leaves lanceolate-spathulate. Heads yellow, in clusters forming
terminal spikes Achenes minute with pappus.
Occasional weed of fields, wastelands and hill slopes. September - March. V.S :
Udayagiri durgam. SS 16211.
Deyyaputhalaku
Local Name
Use Category
Mi
Information Source
Folklore
Use Description
Leaves are tagged in the huts to drive out evil spirits
Sphaeranthus indicus L Sp. PI, 927. 1753
Annual ascending herbs. Leaves ovate-spathulate. Florets pink-purple in solitarey
heterogamous heads. Achenes oblong, without pappus.
Common weed in post harvested fields. October-March. V.S : Venkatagiri, SS 12484.
Local Name
Bodatharamu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Stomach ache : Roots as stomachic, Roots are cut into pieces, dried and
powdered. A teaspoonful of powder is taken in orally with water, twice in a day for
.three -days.
(2) Intestinal worms : Seeds as anthelmintic and vermifuge Seeds are dried and
powdered. One teaspoonful of powder is taken in orally with water, twice in a
day for 5 days
(3) Scabies : A liniment is prepared from the plant with coconut oil. This liniment is
externally administered for scabies and other cutaneous complaints, until cured.
(4) Cough : Whole plant as bechic. Plants are shade-dried and powdered.
This
powder in mixed with pulverised cummin seeds. This is mixed with honey and taken in
orally twice in a day until cured.
Tridax procumbens L., Sp PI. 900. 1753.
Procumbent herbs
Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Florets yellow in solitary, axillary
heterogamous heads. Achenes with pappus.
92
Gregarious weed in fields and waste places. Throughout the year. V.S : Kulluru,
SS 16390.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Gaddi chamanti
Me
Yanadi
Wounds & Cuts : Leaves as vulnerary, A few leaves are
squeezed between two palms, to get leaf sap, externally applied on the wounds and
cuts twice in a day until cured.
Xanthium indicumJ Koenig, in Roxb., FI. Ind. 3 : 601. 1832. X. strumarium L.. Sp. PI
987. 1753.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves ovate. Florets yellowing-green, in heads. Achenes without
pappus.
Common weed of cultivated and waste lands. August - March. V.S : Gilakapadu,
SS 20319.
Local Name
Marula matangi
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Fever : Roots as antipyretic, boiled in water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is
taken in orally, thrice in a day for three days.
(2) Tooth ache : Roots as odontic. Tender roots are cleaned and chewed The
chewed root is placed in the cavity of the affected tooth.
PLUMBAGINACEAE
Plumbago zeylanica L., Sp. PI 151. 1753.
perennial undershrubs. Leaves ovate, glabrous. Flowers white, in terminal simple
spikes. Capsules oblong.
Common in hadges and forests outskirts. September-January. V.S : Penchala kona,
SS & BR 12491.
Local Name
Telia chitramulamu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
(1} Buboes : Stem bark as vesicatory. The fresh bark is bruised, made into a paste,
mixed with rice conjee, applied to buboes until cured.
(2) Abortion . Roots as abortifacien;. Roots are dried in shade and powdered. The
powder is administered during pregnarcy (Below third month pregnancy).
93
SAPOTACEAE
Madhuca indica Gmel. in Syst. Nat. 2 (1) : 799 1791.
Deciduous large trees. Leaves elliptic - obovate, glabrous. Flowers creamish-white, in
axillary clusters Bernes ovate - oblong.
Common in all forests. March - September. V. S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 20320.
Local Name
Ippa
Use Category
Me/Te
Yanadi
Use Description
Me; (1) Diarrhoea : The stem bark as antidiarrhoeal. Ths bark is crushed & strained in
a cup of water for ten minutes. Half a cup of infusion taken in thrice a day for three
days.
(2) Headache : Seeds as analgesic. Germinated seeds are washed, crushed on a
stone with a few drops of water, squeezed through a thin cloth to get the juice. Two or
three drops of the juice are put into each nostril once in the morning.
Te : Flowers are cooked in water to prepare a country liquor.
Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard. in Ann. Inst. Bot. Goel Colon. Marseille (Ser.3)
23: 9. f. 2. 1915.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves broadly ovate. Flowers creamy white, in axillary
fascicles. Berries oblong - ellipsoid.
Common in forests. September - December. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12416 ;
Paala chettu
Local Name
Use Category
Ed / Co / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
d : Fruits are edible.
Co : Wood for house construction and agricultural implements.
Mi: Twigs of Manilkara hexandra are grafted on the twigs of Achras sapota to produce
high yielding sapota varieties by local farmers.
Mimusops elengi L , Sp PI. 349.1753
Evergreen trees. Leaves elliptic - ovate or lanceolate. Flowers creamy white. Berries
ovoid, yellowish - brown.
Occasional along streams. June-October. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12445
Local Name
Pogada
Use Category
Ed
Yanadi
Use Description
Fruits are edible.
94
EBENACEAE
Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb , PI. Cor. t. 49 1795
Shrubs. Leaves elliptic-oblong. Flowers dull white, unisexual, male flowers in clusters,
female solitary. Berries globose.
Common in scrubs October-February. V.S: Gilakapadu forest, SS 16267; Siddulaiah
kona, SS 18635.
Local Name
Ullindara
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Diarrhoea : Leaves as antidiarrhoeal. Leaves are crushed, squeezed through a
thin cloth to get sap. One teaspoonful of sap is given in orally twice in a day until
cured.
Mi : Wood in plough and comb making.
Diospyros exsculpta Buch.-Ham. in Trams, Linn. Soc. Lond. 15 : 110, 1827.
Deciduous large trees. Leaves broadly ovate. Flowers dioecious, male flowers in
axillary cymes, female solitary. Fruits globose.
Common in all forests. March - July. V.S : Gilakapadu, SS 16260.
Ummitta
Local Name
Use Category
Ed / Co
Yanadi
Use Description
:
t
Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh., var. buxifolia (Rottb.) Bakh., in Bull. Jard Bot
Buitenzorg ser. 3. 15 : 57. 1936.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves obovate, coriaceous. Flowers unisexual, in axillary
short cymes. Berries subglobose.
Common in scrubs, February-June. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12462 ; Siddulaiah
kona. SS 18618
Local Name
Use Category
Use Description
Ooti
Ed / Co / Mi
Yanadi
95

OLEACEAE
Jasminum cuspidatum Rott in Ges.Naturf.Freunde Berlin Neue schriften 4:192 1803
Scandent shrubs. Leaves obovate. Flowers white, in terminal or axillary corymbose
cymes. Berries sub globose.
Occasional along ravines. March - August. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18648.
Local Name
Malle, Pedda made
Use Category
Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Ornamental plant.
Use Description
Jasminum scandensV ahl, Symb. Bot. 3:2. 1794.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves ovate - lanceolate. Flowers white, in short axillary cymes.
Berries globose.
Occasional in dry deciduous forests. January - August. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12404.
Local Name
Naga malli
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
(1) Snake bite : Roots as antidote. Roots are ground well with a little water to get
paste. Decoction is prepared from root bark. The paste is applied at the site of bite
and a cup of decoction given in orally.
(2) Leprosy : Paste is prepared from roots, applied on the symptoms twice in a day
gntil cured.
(3) Tumours Fresh leaves are placed on tumours and bandaged, once in a day until
got burst & healed.
Mi: Grown as an ornamental plant.
Linociera zeylanica (L.) Gamble in FI. Pres. Madras 2 : 558. 1957.
Perennial shrubs. Leaves ovate-obovate. Flowers white, in axillary panicles. Drupes
oblong
Occasional in dense scrubs. December-February. V.S: Penchala kona SS & BR 12497;
Local Name
Punagani, Pumci
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
96
Use Description
:
(1) Injuries and cuts : Stem bark as antiseptic and antitetanus. Stem bark is cut into
pieces, giound on a flat stone with a little water to get a thick paste, applied on injuries
and bandaged, once in a day until cured.
(2) Leukorrhoea : Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get decoction
A cup of
decoction is taken in orally, thrice in a day for 3 - days.

APOCYANACEAE
Alstonia scholaris (L.) R, Br. In Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1 : 76. 1811
Large evergreen trees. Leaves in a whorl, oblong-elliptic. Flowers greenish-white, in
umbellate cymes. Follicles single or in pairs.
Rare in forests. December-March. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18647.
Local Name
Mavalinga, Konda gilledu
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Wounds : Latex as vulnerary. Freshly collected latex is applied on the wounds,
(2) Earache : Latex is mixed with boiled & cooled coconut oil. Two drops of it are
dropped in both ears twice in a day for three days.
Carissa carandas L., Mant. PI. 52, 1767.
Thorny shrubs. Leaves ovate-elliptic. Flowers white in terminal corymbose cymes.
Berries ellipsoid.
Occasional in scrub April-July. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12409.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
:
Kale, Vana kale

Ed
Yanadi / Yerukala
Fruits are edible. Unripened fruits in pickle preparation
Carissa spinarum L , Mant PI. 559. 1771.

Thorny shrubs.
Leaves elliptic-ovate. Flowers white, in terminal cymes. Berries
globose.
Common in scrub April-October. V.S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 18676.
Local Name
Kalive
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
97
Use Description

Me : Stomach ache : Roots as stomachic.
A cup of decoction from roots given in
orally twice in a day.

Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold in Feddes Report. 91. 52 1980. Thevetia nenifoha
Steud. Norn. Bot (ed.2) 2 : 680. 1841.
Large shrubs Leaves linear - lanceolate. Flowers yellow, in axillary cymes. Drupes
ellipsoid - oblong.
Occasional in villages, all seasons. V.S : Kovuru, SS 20335.
Local Name
Pachaganneru
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi / Yerukala
Use Description
Me : constipation : Stem bark as purgative. The stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled in
water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is taken in orally at bed time.
Mi Grown as an ornamental plant, cotyledons poisonous used for committing suicide
Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4 : 95. 1837 - 1838.
Vinca rosea L .
Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 944. 1759.

Erect perennial herbs. Leaves elliptic - obovate. Flowers white or pink, axillary, solitary
or in pairs. Follicles with cylindrical mericarps.
Cultivated and run wild along railway tracks and in the interior forests. Through out the
year. V.S : Udayagiri, SS 16309.
Local Name
Billa ganneru
Use Category
Me / Mi
Folklore
Use Description
Me : Blood pressure : Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water, filtered to get
decoction A cup of decoction is given in orally, at bed time for 3 days.
Mi: Grown as an ornamental plant.
Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4:78. 1837. Holarrhena
antidysenterica (Flem.) DC., Prodr. 8 : 413. 1844.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves broadly elliptic ovate or oblong. Flowers creamy white
in terminal cymes. Follicles linear, pendulous.
Occasional in dry deciduous hill side forests. August - January, V.S : Siddulaiah kona,
SS 18606.
Local Name
Kolamuki, Kodisapala.
Use Category
Me / Co
98
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : (1) Dysentery : Stem bark as antidysenteric. Stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled
in water to get decoction. Half cup of decoction is taken in orally twice in a day for
three days
(2) intestinal worms : Seeds as vermifuge, and vermicide Seeds are removed from
ripen pods, roasted on a pan and ground to powder. A pinch of powder is taken in
orally with water, twice in a day for three days.
(3) Menstrual pains : Root bark as emmenagogue. Root bark is cut into pieces, and
boiled in water to get decoction, a cup of decoction is taken in orally twice in a day for
three days.
Co : Wood in hut making and in agricultural tools.
ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R. Br.t in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2.2 :69, 1811.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves elliptic-oblong. Flowers creamy white in dischasial cymes
Follices paired, linear.
Common in dry deciduous forests. September-April. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18641.
Mamidi kommi
Local Name
Use Category
Ed / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Tuberous roots in pickle preparation.
Mi: Fibre from stem is used for making fish traps and ropes.
Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R. Br. in Mem., Wern, Nat. Hist. Soc 1 : 74. 1811.
Small trees. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate. Flowers white, in terminal cymes. Follicles
paired, terete, curved.
Common in dry dec.duous forests. May-October. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12447;
Local Name
Reppala
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: One or two drops of latex are added to milk, to prepare instant curd by local tribals.
Me (1) Mouth ulcers : A little cotton is dipped in the latex and applied in the mouth,
(2) Piles : Stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled in water to get decoction A cup of
decoction is given in orally, twice in a day for 10 days.
99
Mi: Fibre from stem bark used for making cordage. Wood in cot making.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. in W.T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. ed, 2. 2: 78. 1811
Shrubs, with milky latex. Leaves obovate, sessile. Flowers white, in umbellate cymes
Follicles oblong, inflated.
Occasional in waste places. All seasons. V.S : Kulluru, SS 20355.
Local Name
Telia Gilledu
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi / Yerukala / Folklore.
Use Description
:
Me (1) Wounds : Root as vulnerary. The dried roots are pulverised, boiled in coconut
oil, made into an ointment, and applied on wounds, thrice in a day until cured.
(2) Tooth ache : Latex as odontic. Milky latex, mixed with common salt and applied on
affected teeth, twice in a day for 3 days.
(3) Ear ache : Two or three drops of latex collected from young floral buds are put in
both ears twice in a day for 3 days.
(4) Snake bite : Leaves as antidote. The leaves beat up with pepper and administered
internally immediately after bite.
(5) Scabies : Leaves for dermatotherapy. Leaves are ground, boiled in coconut oil and
applied on the symoptoms of the skin, twice in a day until cured
(6) Abdomenal pain : Leaves as analgesic and rubefacient. Thin layer of castor oil is
applied on leaves, warmed on fire, piaced as a dry fomentation on the abdomen and
bandaged, twice in a day for 3 days.
Mi: Leaves and flowers used in religious festivals.
Calotropis procera (W.T.Aiton) R. Br. in W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. ed. 2 2 . 78. 1811.
Shrubs with milky latex. Leaves ovate-obovate. Flowers pink-purple, in umhYlate
cymes Follicles oblong.
Common in waste lands. All seasons. V.S : Venkatagiri girijana colony, SS 20360.
Local Name
Gilledu
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
(1} Abdomenal pain : As in calotropis gigantea
100
(2) Abortion Latex as abortifacient. A cotton brush, immersed in freshly collected

latex and inserted into vaginal tract, and kept for 3 -5 minutes.
Mi: Fibre from stem bark used for making ropes.
Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) Haw., Syn. PI. Succ. 47. 1812. C. attenuata Wight,
I. c. t. 1268, 1848.
Perennial erect, leafless fleshy herbs.
Leaf - scars spine like.
Flowers dark purple,
solitary or in pairs Follicles linear - lanceolate.

Rare as undergrowth in scrub jungles.
July-November.
V.S: Stambala kona,
SS 20322.
Local Name
Kundeti chevulu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Tooth Ache : Stems as odontic Stem cuttings are ground well to get a paste,
placed in a cavity of the affected tooth, once in a day until cured.
(2) Leprosy : Stems cuttings are ground well to get a paste, applied on the symptoms
once in a day, until cured.
Ceropegia buibosa Roxb., PI. cor 1 : 11. t. 7. 1795.
Perennial fleshy, twining herbs. Leaves fleshy, elliptic-oblong. Flowers greenish, in
lateral umbellate cymes. Follicles paired.
Occasional in grasslands. July-December. V.S : Sri Harikota, SS 20382.
Local Name
Nimmatai
Use Category
Ed
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Leaves and tubers are cooked and eaten by local tribals
Ceropegia candelabrum L., var. biflora (L.) M. Y. Ansari in Fasc. FI. India 16 : 12
1984. C. tuberosa Roxb., PI. cor. t. 9. 1795.
Perennial twining herbs. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers greenish - purple, in axillary
paniculate cymes. Follicles paired, lanceolate.
Frequent among grass in forests. All seasons. V.S : Udayagiri durgam, SS 16217.
Local Name
Telia Eswari
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Snake bite : Roots as antidote. Root is rubbed on a
flattened stone, with a little water to get a paste, applied on the tongue of the patient
and at the site of bite.
101
Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Am. in Wight. Contrib. Bot. India 64. 1834
Glabrous climbing shrubs. Leaves ovate or orbicular. Flowers yellow, in axillary cymes
Follicles oblong, cylindric, woody.
Common in hill side forests. June - December. V.S : Stambala kona, SS 16354.
Local Name
Maredu kommulu
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed : Roots in pickle preparation, often mixed in lemon and mango pickles.
Me : Vomitting : Roots as antiemetic and appetizer. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled
in water to get decoction. Half cup of decoction is given in orally, twice in a day for
three days.
Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Roemer & Schultes in Roem.Syst. L. 6 : 57 1820
Climbing shrubs. Leaves ovate - elliptic. Flowers yellow, in axillary corymbose cymes
Follicles lanceolate, beaked at apex.
Common in dry deciduous forests. November - March. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 12412, Penchala kona, SS & BR 12498. Siddualaiah kona, SS 18657.
Local Name
Podapatri,
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Diabetes . Leaves as antidiabetic. Leaves are shade - dried and powdered. A
spoonful of powder in taken in orally with water, thrice in a day for 10 - days.
(2) Stomach disorder : Roots as stomachic. Root is rubbed on a clean, flattened
stone with a little water to get a paste. A tespoonful of paste is given in orally, twice in
a day for 3 - days.
*
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br.var./nd/cus., in W.T.Aitin.Hortus Kew.ed.2.2:75 1811

Climbing shrubs. Leaves variable in shape Flowers yellow in axillary clustered
recemose cymes. Follicles in pairs, divaricate.
Common in hedges. July - December, V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12411.
Local Name
Sugandhapala
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi / yerukala / Folklore
Use Description
Me (1) Impure blood: Roots are dried, mixed with cummin seeds and crushed to fine
powder One teaspoonful of powder is given in orally with water or milk, twice in a day
for 30 - days.
102
(2) Gonorrhoea : Roots as antibiotic. Roots are washed, crushed and put in a cup of
water & strained for 30 minutes. One cup of infusion is taken in orally twice in a day for
10 - days.
(3) Rheumatic pains and boils : Roots are dried and powdered. A spoonful of
powder, mixed with a spoonful of honey, taken in orally, twice in a day for one week,
(4) Haemorrhoids : Roots are cut into pieces, mixed with onions, coconut water, boiled
to get decoction, A teaspoonful of decoction is taken in orally once at bed time for 7 days.
Mi ; Decoction is prepared from the roots and mixed in cooldrinks, as it acts as
refrigerant.
Pentatropis capensis (L. f. ) Bullock in Kew Bull. 9 : 284. 1955.
Climbing herbs. Leaves elliptic-oblong. Flowers purple, in axillary umbels
Follicles
ovate - oblong.
Occasional in scrub. June - September. V.S : Gilakapadu, SS 16258.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Yeddupulla theega
Me
Yanadi
Cold in cattle Fresh twiners are tide around the neck of
cattle, once in a day until cured.
Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. in Result. Sci. Miss. Stefan. Paoli Somal. Ital. 1 :
115. 1916.
Twining shrubs Leaves ovate Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary corymbose cymes.
Follicles paired, lanceolate.
Common in hedges, waste lands. All seasons. V.S : Kovuru girijana colony, SS 16223
Local Name
Dushtapaku, Zuttupaku.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Jaundice : Leves are crushed and squeezed between palms, to get leaf sap. One
teaspoonful of sap is given in orally, with a cup of milk, thrice in a day for three days
(2) Boils : Latex is applied on boils twice in a day until got burst and healed.
Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb.) Voight, Hort Sub Cac. 542 1845.
Straggling leafless shrubs. Flowers white, in terminal or axillary umbels. Follicles long,
lanceolate.
Common on bushes. July - December. V.S : Udayagiri durgam, SS 16214 ; Siddulaiah
kona, SS 18642.
103
Local Name
Chedu pulla, Jamudu kadalu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
(1) Ulcers in stomach & Intestine : Roots are ground well and prepared in the form of
tablets. Two tables once in the morning and evening for 3 - days.
(2) Snake bite : Stem as antidote. Stem is cut into pieces, ground with hot water to get
thick paste. The paste and a betel leaf given in orally immediately after bite.
Sarcostemma secamone (L.) Bennet in Indian forester 95: 692. 1969. Oxystelma
esculentum (L.f.) schultes in Roem & Schultes. L. 6 : 89. 1820.
Perennial climbing herbs. Leaves linear - lanceolate. Flowers purplish - pink, axillary,
in racemes. Follicles lanceolate.
Rare on bushes September - January. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12426.
Local Name
Pala theega
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Leaves as galactagogue. Stimulate secretion and flow of milk in cattle.
Ml: Leaves as cattle feed
Secamone emetica (Retz.) Schult., Syst. Veg. 6 . 124. 1820,
Climbing shrubs Leaves linear - lanceolate. Flowers minute, axillary in trichotomous
cymes. Follicles paired, cylindric.
Common in forests. October - March. V.S : Sri Hari kota, SS 20383.
Local Name
Use Category
Chirupala
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Leaves are emetic.
Tylophora fasciculata Wight & Arn. in Wight, Contrib. Bot. 50 1834.
Perennial suberect herbs. Leaves ovate -lanceolate. Flowers reddish brown, in
umbellate cymes. Follicles fusiform, striate.
Occasional in hill side forests. June - October. V.S : Kulluru, SS 16395.
Local Name
Kukkapala
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
104
Use Description
:
Weakness : Roots as tonic
Roots are crushed and
squeezed to get an extract. A teaspoonful of extract, with a cup of milk taken in at bed
time for 40 - days.
Tylophora indica (Burm. f. ) Merr. in Philipp. Journ. Sci. 19 : 373. 1921 Tylophora
asthmatics (L. f.) Wight & Arn in Wight, Contrib. Bot. 51. 1834.
Perennial climbing herbs. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers greenish - yellow, in axillary
umbels. Follicles oblong, paired.
Common in hedges, outskirts of forests. March - August.
SS 12401 ; Udayagiri Durgam, SS 16216 ; Siddulaiah konda, SS 18664.

Local Name
Kukkapala theega, Meka meyani aaku,
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me: (1) Snake bite : Leaves as antidote. The leaves are ground well to get a
paste.applied at the site of bite.
(2) Dysentery : Roots as antidysenteric. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to
get decoction. A cup of decoction taken in orally twice in a day, until cured.
(3) Asthma Leaves as antiasthmatic. Two raw leaves are directly eaten tiwce in a day
for 40 - days.
Mi: Young branches as cattle feed.
Wattakaka volubilis (L. f.) Stapf. in Both. Mag. Sub. t. 987. 1923.
Climbing woody shrubs. Leaves broadly ovate. Flowers greenish-white, in axillary
umbels. Follicles paired, lanceolate.
Occasional in hedges. September-December. V. S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12460;
Udayagiri durgam, SS 16213.
Local Name
Galijeru
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Snake bite : Roots as antidote. Roots are cut into pieces,
Use Description
boiled in water to get decoction. Roots are dried in shade & powdered. A cup of
decoction or a spoonful of powder in given in orally immediately after bite.
LOGANIACEAE
Strychnos nux - vomica L., Sp PI. 189. 1753.
Deciduous trees. Leaves orbicular - Ovate. Flowers green , in axillary cymes. Berries
globose
Common in dry deciduous forests. March - August. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 16300.
105
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Mushti
Me / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
(1) Venomous snake bite : Root bark as an antidote. Root bark is cut into pieces,
boiled in water to get decoction, A cupful of decoction is given in orally immediately
after bite. Paste prepared from root bark is applied at the site of bite.
(2) Chronic Rheumatic swellings of joints : Fruits (nuts) as antiarthritic. The nuts are
finely powdered and mixed with margosa oil. The above mixture is given in minute
doses.
(3) Paralysis : Leaves as antiparalytic. Leaves are crushed and boiled in water to get
thick decoction, applied on the affected parts of the body thrice in a day until cured.
(4) Stimulation : The seeds are used by the lower natives as a stimulent, like opium in
very small doses. The root is used in gout, the part affected being rubbed. The root
bark mixed with rice water is antibilious. The seeds, if taken for two years, one or two
every day, have the effect of rendering innoxious bites of poisonous cobras.
Mi: Fruits for fish - poisoning.
Strychnos potatorum L. f. Suppl. PI. 148. 1781.
Small trees. Leaves ovate - elliptic. Flowers white, in axillary cymes. Berries globose
Occasional in dry deciduous forests. April-September.l/.S: Penchala kona, SS 12485.
Local Name
Pala musti
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me: (1) Snake bite : Stem bark as antidote. Stem bark is crushed, boiled in water to
get decoction. A cupful of decoction is taken in orally, immediately after bite.
(2) Boils: Seeds are powdered, mixed with honey and applied on boils to hasten
suppuration.
Mi: Seeds are used to clear turbid water,
GENTIANACEAE
Enicostemma axillare (Lam.) A. Raynal in Adansonia 9 : 75. 1969.
Perennial erect herbs. Leaves lanceolate - oblong. Flowers white, in axillary fascicles
Capsules ellipsoid or ovoid.
Common in grasslands and forests. August - December. \/.S : Gilakapadu, SS 16346
Local Name
Gulividi, Golimidi
106
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Itching of the skin : Whole plant as antipruritic. Whole plants are ground with a
little water to get paste, gently applied on the symptoms of the skin, twice a day
until cured.
(2) Abdominal pain : whole plant as analgesic. Plants are dried in shade, and
powdered Equal quantities of this powder and honey are mixed. A teaspoonful of this
mixture is taken in orally, thrice in a day until cured.
BORAGINACEAE
Coldenia procumbens L , Sp. PI. 125. 1753,
Annual prostrate herbs. Leaves elliptic - ovate. Flowers pale yellow, sessile, solitary
axillary. Drupes ovoid, 4 lobed.
Common in wastelands fields and forest peripheries. May - August. V.S : Gilakapadu
forest, SS 16249.
Local Name
Hamsapadi
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Stomach ache : Leaves as stomachic. Leaves, pepper, and garlic are ground well,
squeezed through a thin cloth to get an extract. One teaspoonful of extract given in
orally twice in a day for three days.
(2) Cuts and wounds : Whole plants are dried in shade, powdered, mixed in coconut
oul, applied on cuts and wounds, once in a day until cured.
(3) Heat boils : Whole plants ground with a little water to get a paste, applied on boils
for suppuration, thrice in a day for two days.
Heliotropium indicum L., Sp PI. 130. 1753.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves ovate - elliptic. Flowers white or pale violet, in extra
axillary, scorpioid spikes. Drupes conical with 4 nutlets.
Common in waste lands. November - March. V.S : Kovuru, 18694.
Local Name
Nagadanti
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Scorpion sting ; Leaves as antidote. Leaves are squeezed between palms to get
leaf sap. One teaspoonful of leaf sap is given orally, and applied at the site of the
sting.
107
(2) Boils : Whole plants are fried and powdered mixed in coconut oil and applied on
boils to promote suppuration.
CORDIACEAE
Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam. in Trams. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 30 : 61 1940
Ehretia microphylla Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 2 : 425. 1792.
Stunted shrubs. Leaves obovate spathulate, with tribobed apex. Flowers white,
solitary or fascicles. Drupes globose.
Common in open scrubs.
July-October. V.S: Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12461;
Local Name
Pitchika beera, Barranki
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Me: (1) syphilis : Roots as antibiotic. Roots are broken into pieces, boiled in water to
get decoction A cup of decoction is taken in orally, thrice in a day for one week Paste
prepared from root bark is applied on the symptoms.
Cordia dichotoma Frost f., Prodr. 18. 1786. C. obliqua Willd., Phytogr. 4. t. 4. 1794
Deciduous trees. Leaves orbicular, elliptic-oblong. Flowers white, in axillary divaricately
branched cymes Drupes ovoid.
Common in forests. August - November. V.S : Penchala kona, SS & BR 12500.
Iriki, Banka pandlu, Nakkera.
Local Name
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me (1) Excessive Menstruation : Stem bark as antihemagogue or haemostatics
Fresh stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled in water to get decoction. One cupful of
decoction taken in orally twice in a day for 7 - days.
(2) Bone fracture : At the place of fracture, the bone is set properly and then the
required length and breadth of the stem bark is wrapped around the limb and firmly
tied The bandage is replaced afresh, for every 15 - days.
Co : Wood in cot and house making.
Mi: Wood in fire making.
Cordia wallichii G. Don., Gen. Hist. 4 : 379, 1838. C. tomentosa Wall in Roxb , FI
Ind. 2 : 339. 1824
Deciduous large trees. Leaves ovate. Flowers white in axillary paniculate cymes
Drupes ovoid.
108
Occasional in dry deciduous forests. January-July. V.S: Venkatagiri durgam.SS 12436.

Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Botavadi
Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Fever Unripe fruits as antipyretic. Unripe fruits are boiled in water to get decoction. A
cup of decoction is taken in orally thrice in a day until cured.
Co Timber in hut making.
Ehretia pubescens Benth. in Royle. III. Bot. Himal. 1: 306. 1836.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers white, in terminal, corymbose,
dichotomous cymes. Drupes globose.
Occasional in forests. April - July. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 16294.
Local Name
Palle mirapa
Use Category
Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me; Skin disease (Itching) : Leaves as antipruritic. Leaves are ground well with a little
water to get thick paste, applied externally on the symptoms thrice in a day until cured.
Co : Wood in cot making.
Mi; Wood in agricultural implements.
CONVOLVULACEAE
Evoivuluii alsinoides (L.) L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 392. 1762.
Perennial prostrate or ascending herbs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptic. Flowers
light blue, solitary or in pairs. Capsules globose.
Common in all places. Decetnber-March. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 18636.
Local Name
Astakantha, Vishnu kantha
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
(1) Stomach and Intestine ulcers : Whole plants are ground well on a flattened stone,
with a little water to get paste. A teaspoonful of paste, along with honey in taken in
orally, twice in a day on an empty stomach, until cured.
(2) Dysentery : Roots as antidysenteric, and nervine tonic. Roots are cut into pieces
boiled in water, to get decoction, A cup of decoction taken in orally thrice in a day for
three days.
109
Ipomoea aquatica Forssk., FI. Aeg.-Arab. 44. 1775.

Creeping herbs Leaves ovate-oblong, lanceolate. Flowers pinkish white, solitary or in
simple cymes Capsules globose.
Common in stagnant waters All seasons. V.S : Muthukuru, SS 12427
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Thutaku, Panjaku.
Ed
Yanadi
Ipomoea carnea Jacq., Enum. Syst. PI. 13: 1760 ssp. fistulosa Choisy D. Austin in
Taxon 26 : 237.1977
Perennial erect shrubs. Leaves ovate-hastate. Flowers violet in axillary and terminal
umbellate cymes. Capsules ovoid, glabrous.
Abundant along road sides and common in all places except forests. September-April.
\/.S : Narasimha puram; girijan colony, SS 20329.
Local Name
Gramphonepulu chettu
Use Category
Co / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Co : Stems as fencing materials around Yanadi huts.
Mi: Leaves are sold to flower markets, used in garlands.
Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker.-Gawl. in Bot. Reg. 3. t. 239. 1817.
Annual trailing or twining herbs. Leaves broadly ovate, pubescent. Flowers yellowish white, axillary, solitary or in subumbellate cymes. Capsules subglobose.
Common in cultivated fields and hedges. July - December.
V.S : Gilakapadu
SS 16338.
Local Name
Nalla kokkira, Nalla thegada.
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Constipation Roots as purgative or laxative Tender roots are collected, cut into
pieces, boiled in water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally at bed
time
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. in Tuckey., Narr. Exp. Cango. App 477. 1818
Ipomoea biloba Forssk,, FI Aegypt. Arab. 44. 1775
Trailing shrubs. Leaves bilobed, emarginate. Flowers bright pink, solitary, axillary
Capsules globose.
Common along the coastline. October-March, V.S : Sri Harikota, SS 20370.
110
Local Name
Thuti kada.
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Constipation : Leaf sap as laxative. Leaf sap is extracted
Use Description
from fresh leaves and a teaspoonful of leaf sap is given orally after supper
Ipomoea violacea L., Sp PI 161. 1753.
Gregarious climbing herbs. Leaves cordate - ovate. Flowers creamy-white, in axillary
solitary or cymes Capsules globose.
Rare, forming dense masses in wastelands. August-October. V.S : Nellore, SS 20351
Local Name
Samudrapaia
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Body pains : Leaves as analgesic. Tender leaves are
directly consumed, one leaf each in the morning and evening for three days.
Merremia tridentata (L.) Hailier. f. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16 : 552 1893
Perennial prostrate herbs. Leaves spathulate with toothed auricles at base. Flowers
yellow, axillary, solitary or in cymes. Capsules globose.
Common in waste lands and fields. September-March. V.S : Sri Harikota, SS 20371
Local Name
Elika chevulu.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
;
Urinary disorders : Leaves as diuretic. Leaves are
ground well, squeezed through a new, thin cloth to get sap. A teaspoonful of leaf sap
Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy in Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 6.408 1834.
Climbing shrubs. Leaves ovate. Flowers milkwhite, solitary, axillary in simple cymes.
Capsules globose, glabrous.
Common on hedges and bushes. July-February. 14S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12410;
Local Name
Boddi
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Throat pain : Leaves as analgesic. 2 or 3 tender and fresh leaves are eaten
early in the morning for 3 days.
111
SOLANACEAE
Datura metel L . Sp. PI 179. 1753
Erect undershrubs. Leaves broadly ovate-triangular, Flowers black, solitary, a - diary
Capsules globose.
Common in fallow fields along road sides. All seasons. V.S : Venkatagiri tribal colony,
SS 16304.
Local Name
Nalla ummetta
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Yerukala / Folklore
Use Description
(1) Boils : One or two leaves are slightly warmed on fire, placed on boils and
bandaged, twice in a day until got bq/stand cured.
(2) Dandruff: Fresh furits are gwllnclwell, squeezed to get juice, applied to the scalp,
and washed after 30 - minutes, every morning for three days.
Datura stramonium t., Sp. PI. 179. 1753.
Erect under shrubs. Leaves ovate - elliptic. Flowers white, solitary, axillary. Capsules
globose.
Common in waste places. All seasons. V.S : Kovuru, SS 16331.
Local Name
Use Category
Use Description
:
Telia ummetta
Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Boils : Castor oil is applied on the leaf, slightly warmed,
placed on the boils and bandaged, once in a day until got burst and healed.
Lycopersicon esculentum Miller., Gard. Dieted.8. n,2. 1768.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves pinnatisect. Flowers yellow, solitary or in extra axillary
drooping racemes. Berries globose - oblong.
Commonly cultivatd, often as an escape, All seasons. V.S : Nellore, SS 20356.
Local Name
Tamata
Use Category
Ed
Folk lore / Yerukala
Use Description
:
Fruits as vegetable.
Physalis minima L . Sp. PI. 183. 1753.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves ovate - lanceolate. Flowers yellow, axillary, solitary
Bernes globose
Common in cultivated fields and waste lands. July - January V S : Pidathapoluru,
SS 16334
Local Name
Budda kakara
112
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Ed : Fruits edible, leaves as vegetable.
Me (1) Inflamed tumours : Leaves as vulnerary. Leaves and ginger are ground well to
get thick paste, gently applied on tumours, twice in a day until cured.
(2) Urinary disorders : Roots as diuretic. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to
get decoctiom. A cup of decoction is taken in orally, twice in a day for three days.
Solanum nigrum L., Sp. PI. 186. 1753.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves ovate - lanceolate. Flowers white, in extraaxillary sub
umbellate cymes. Berries globose.
Common in waste lands. All seasons. V.S : Kovuru, SS 16318.
Local Name
Kaachi, Kamanchi
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
Ed: Fruits edible. Leaves as vegetable.
Me : Stomach Ulcers : Leaves are cooked and eaten. A cup of extracted leaf juice is
taken in orally twice in a day for 3 days.
Solanum surattense Burm. f., FI. Ind. 57. 1768. S. xanthocarpum Schrad & Wendl.,
Sert. Hannov. 1 : 8 t. 2. 1795.
Armed diffuse under shrubs. Leaves ovate elliptic. Flowers bluish - pink, in extra
axillary cymes. Berries globose.
Common waste land weed. All seasons. V,S : Gilakapadu, SS 16245.
Local
Name
Pacha vakudu, Pitchi vankaya.
t
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
(1) Cough : Roots as bechic. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction. A cup of decoction is taken in orally, thrice a day for 3 - days.
(2) Tooth ache . Seeds as odontralgic. Seeds are dried, ground well to get powder
One teaspoon of powder mixed in honey and taken in orally thrice a day for 3 - days.
The teeth are brushed with seed powder daily until cured.
(3) Fever: Stem bark as antipyretic. Stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction. A cup of decoction given in orally twice a day until cured.
113
Solarium trilobatum L , Sp. PI. 188. 1753.

Armed climbing herbs. Leaves ovate - angular. Flowers pinkish purple in extra axillary
racemes. Berries globose.
Occasional over bushes and hedges. August - March. \/.S : Nellore, SS 20343.
Local Name
Use Category
Mulla musti
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Fever : Roots as antipyretic. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally, thrice in a day for three days.
(2) Tooth ache Fruits as analgesic. Fruits dried and burnt to get ash Teech are
brushed with this ash twice in a day for 10 days
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 98 : 94. 1946.
Prostrate, fleshy herbs. Leaves obovate-spathulate. Flowers purple, solitary axillary
Capsules oblong - globose.
Common in marshy places. Throughout year. V.S : Sri Harikota, SS 20373.
Local Name
Kadapulla
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Epilepsy : Whole plant as antiepileptic. Plants are cut
into pieces, boiled in water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally once
in a day for fifteen days.
Kickxia ramosissima (Wall.) Janchen, in Oesterr. Bot 2:82. 152.1933
Linaria
ramosissima Wall, PI. Asiat. Rar. 2 :43. t. 153. 1832.
Perennial prostrate herbs. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or hastate, Flowers y Tow,
axillary, solitary. Capsules ovoid or subglobose.
Rare in the crevices of rocks on hill slopes. December - February V.S : Udayagin
durgam, SS 16218.
Rathi hamsa
Local Name
Use Category
Mi
Information Source
Folklore
Local backward class people believe that the entire plant
Use Description
drives out evil spirits if it is hanged at the corners of their houses.
BIGNONIACEAE
Dolichandrone atrovirens (Roth) Sprague in Kew Bull 1919 304 1919
Deciduous trees Leaves 5-7 foliolate, leaflets broadly ovate. Flowers in racemes.
Capsules linear with winged seeds.
114
Common in hiil forests. August - December. V. S : Stambala kona, SS 16377.

Local Name
Use Category
Neruddi
Me / Co
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me : Antinatal complications in women : Fruits are boiled in water to get decoction
A cup of decoction is given in orally thrice in a day for 7 - days, to improve disease
resistant in the body.
Co : Wood in making huts.
PEDALIACEAE
Pedalium murex L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1123. 1759.
Annual herbs. Leaves ovate - oblong. Flowers yellow, axillary, solitary. Drupes ovoid.
Common in waste places. August - February. V.S : Siddulaiah kona, SS 20344.
Local Name
Yenugapalleru
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Gonorrhoea : Leaves and fruits as antiseptic. Fruits are
dried and powdered, applied on the symptoms twice in a day until cured.
form the leaves given in orally twice in a day for 7 - days.
Decoction
Sesamum indicum L , Sp. PI. 634. 1753. S. orientate L., Sp. PI. 634. 1753
Annual herbs. Leaves elliptic - lanceolate. Flowers white or pinkish purple, axillary
solitary or in racemes. Capsules oblong, beaked.
Commonly cultivated, often found as an escape. July-December. V S : Kiiiuru,
SS 16356.
Local Name
Nuvvulu
Use Category
Ed / Me / Te
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Ed : Seeds in making sweet dishes.
Me : Piles : One teaspoonful of seeds are eaten everyday at bed time and oil
expressed from seeds, is applied on the swellings of the piles, twice in a day until
cured.
Te : Oil in lamps.
ACANTHACEAE
Andrographis paniculata {Burm. f. ) Nees in Wall. PI. Asiat. Rar. 3 : 116 1832.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves linear - lanceolate. Flowers white, in paniculate or terminal
racemes. Capsules ellipsoid.
115
Common at foot of the hilts and plains.
All seasons.
SS 12432 : Penchalakona, SS & BR 16237.

Local Name
Nela vemu
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Snake bite (Cobra) : Leaves as antidote or alexipharmic. Pills are made from
leaves by local Yanadis. They carry these pills when ever they were in forests I' case
of Cobra bite, a pill is rubbed on a rough flattened stone with a little water to get paste,
applied to the site of bite and some of it is put into eyes. Two pills are given orally for
every hour until the patient got recovery.
(2) Cholera & Dysentery . Whole plant as antidysenteric, stomachic and anthelmintic
Freshly collected plants are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get decotion. A cup of
decoction is taken in orally twice in a day for 3 - days.
(3) Antinatal complications : Tender twigs and roots form the ingredients of the
decoction prepared by Yanadi to prevent antinatal complications
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. And. in Thw. Enum. 235. 1860.
Annual herbs. Leaves ovate. Flowers pink in terminal racemes. Capsules oblong,
enclosed in calyx lobes.
Common in forests. September-December. V.S : Sri Hari kota, SS 20372.
Local Name
Mettaku
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Me: Stomach ache : Leaves as stomachic and anthelmehtic. A teaspoonful of leaf sap
Barleria buxifolia L., Sp. PI. 636.1753
Armed herbs. Leaves elliptic-ovate. Flowers pink, solitary, axillary. Capsules ellipsoid
Common in waste places. All seasons. V.S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 16253.
Local Name
Mulla gorinta
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Fever in children : Leaves as antipyretic Leaf sap, mixed with sugar and a
teaspoonful is given in orally twice in a day until cured.
Mi . Ornamental plant. Tribal ladies apply the leaf paste to their nails to get light led
tinge, during festivals and marriage ceramonies.
116
Elytraria acaulis (L. f.) Lindau. in Engl. Pflanzenfam. 1 : 304 1897

Annual scapigerous herbs.
Leaves obovate-oblanceolate.
Flowers white in spikes
Capsules oblong
Common in open forests especially under the shade. All seasons
konda, SS 18682
Local Name
Cheppu thattaku
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Me (1) Stomach ache : Roots as stomachic.
V.S
Narasimha
Roots are dried in shade and crushed
into powder A teaspoonful of powder with a glass of water taken in orally thrice m a
day for 3 - days
(2) Wounds : Leaf paste applied on wounds twice in a day until cured
Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Heine, in Kew. Bull. 16 172 1962
Annual erect armed subshrubs. Leaves oblong-lanceolate Flowers purple-blue in
axillary whorls Capsules linear-oblong.
Common weed of marshy areas especially in cultivated fields July-December
V S Kulluru, SS 16336.
Local Name
Neeru golimidi, Neeru gobbi
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Male sterility : Seeds as aphrodisiac. Seeds are dried and powdered
A
teaspoonful of seed powder is taken in with a cup of milk, thrice in a day for 15 - days
(2) Urinary disorderss : Roots as diuretic and tonic. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled
in water to get decoction and a cup of it is given in orally twice in a day for 3 days
Justicia adhatoda L , Sp. PI. 15,1753,
Erect shrubs Leaves elliptic - lanceolate. Flowers creamy white, in axillary or terminal
leafy spikes Capsules oblong
Occasional in villages, along hedges and outskirts of forests
October-February
VS Kovuru. SS 16219.
Local Name
Addasaramu
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Cough : Leaves as bechic. Fresh leaves are boiled in water to get decoction A
cup of decoction is given in orally, in the morning for 7 - days
117
(2) Fever Roots as antipyretic. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction A cup of decoction is taken in orally thrice in a day for 3 - days
(3) Tumours Leaves as discutient. castor oil is applied on leaves, warmed on fire
placed on tumours and bandaged, twice in a day until cured
(4) Asthma : Fruits as antiasthmatic and antispamodic. Fruits are boiled in water to get
decoction Half cup of decoction is given in orally, twice in a day for 3 - days
Justicia nilgherrensis (Nees ) T, And. in J. Linn, Soc Bot 7 118. 1863.
Herbs with decumbent branches. Leaves oblong-elliptic. Flowers white, in terminal
racemes. Capsules clavate.
Rare among grass May-July V.S : Siddulaiah konda, SS 18624.
Local Name
Addasaramu
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi / Yerukala
Use Description
:
Fever : Leaves as febrifuge. 5 or 6 leaves are crushed
and kept in a cup of water for 30 - minutes and strained. Half cup of infusion is given in
orally twice in a day fo three days.
VERBENACEAE
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. 1 : 271. t. 75. 1788
Perennial shrubs Leaves elliptic or obovate. Flowers dull white, in axillary cymes
Drupes pyriform
Common in hedge plant in villages and town December-April
V.S: Venkatagiri,
SS 16396.
Local Name
Pisangi
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
(1) Psora Tender shoots are washed, ground well to get fine paste, applied on the
symptoms, twice in a day for 40 - days.
(2) Venereal disorders : The leaves dried, pulverised and mixed with sugar and rice
are given in infusion, thrice in a day until cured.
(3) Rheumatic pains : Roots as antirheumatic. Roots are cut into pieces and boiled in
coconut oil to get a liniment, appled at the site of pains thrice in a day until cured
Mi : Grown as hedge plants.
Clerodendrum phiomides L. f, Suppl. PI. 292. 1781
Perennial Shrubs. Leaves ovate - deltoid. Flowers creamy - white, in axillary and
terminal panciles Drupes globose.
Occasional in forests. January - April. V.S : Gilakapadu, SS 16266.
118
Thakkeda
Local Name
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Elephantiasis : Leaves as antifilariasis
Use Description
warmed and tied to the filarial swellings, twice in a day until cured
Leaves are
Gmelina asiatica LSp PI 626 1753

Erect armed shrubs. Leaves elliptic-ovate. Flowers yellow in terminal racemes.
Drupes obovoid
Occasional in scrubs April-October. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12425 ; Siddulaiah
kona SS 18659
Local Name
Gummudu, Adavi gummadi
Use Category
Me / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Me: Dandruff: Fruits as insecticide. Fruit pulp is applied to the scalp, and washed with
warm water after half an hour, once in every three days until cured
Mi Wood as firewood
Lantana camara L , Sp. PI. 627. 1753.
Perennial erect, armed shrubs. Leaves ovate. Flowers variously coloured, in axillary
pedunculate heads. Drupes globose.
Gregarious weed of waste lands and scrub. All seasons. V.S : Kulluru, SS 16335
Local Name
Jerripothu chettu, Phali kampha.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Ed: Fruits are eaten by tribals.
Me : Injuries : Leaves are ground well to get a paste, applied on injury and bandaged,
once in a day until cured.
Phyla nodiflora (L.) E Greene in Pittonia 4 : 46. 1899.
Perennial creeping herbs. Leaves spathulate, subsessile Flowers white, in axillary
globose - oblong heads. Fruits pyrenes, globose.
Common in wet places All seasons. V.S : Gilakapadu, SS 20321
Local Name
Bokkena
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
119
Use Description
Boils Whole plant as vulnerary A few plants are ground
well with a few drops of water, to get thick paste, applied on the boils, once in a day
until got burst & healed
Premna latifolia Roxb var moliissima Clarke in Hook, f, FI Brit Ind 4 578 1885
Small trees Leaves broadly ovate Flowers greenish white Drupes globose
Occasional in forests March - October V.S : Sri Harikota. SS 20374
Local Name
Pedda Nellikura
Use Category
Ed
Information Source
Yanadi
Leaves as vegetable. The leaves have a strong, but not
Use Description
disagreable odour, and are eaten by the natives in their curries
Premna tomentosa Willd., Sp. PI. 3 : 314. 1800
Small trees Leaves broadly ovate - cordate. Flowers creamy - yellow, in axillary or
terminal panicles Drupes globose.
Common in the deciduous forests. August - December. V S Venkatagiri durgam
SS 12435 , Penchala kona. SS & BR 12495.
Local Name
Namari
Use Category
Ed / Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Ed: Fruits are eaten by local tribals
Me: (1) Snake bite : Roots as antidote. Root is rubbed on a flattened rough surface
with a little water to get a paste, applied on the tongue of the patient immediately after
bite.
(2) Cough in cattle : Leaves, garlic and pepper are ground well to get a paste A fist
ful of paste is given orally twice in a day for 3 - days.
Symphorema involucratum Roxb., PI. Cor t. 186. 1805
Straggling shrubs Leaves broadly elliptic, ovate. Flowers creamy white, in capitate
peduncled cymes Pyrenes included in the calyx.
Occasional on hill slopes. April-May. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam. SS 12431 : Siddulaiah
kona, SS 18670
Local Name
Iskari
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
120
Use Description
Hair fall (Depilatory) : Leaves as antidepilatory
Tender
leaves are crushed, to get a paste, applied to the scalp and washed after 30 minutes
early in the morning for 15 days
Vitex altissima L. f., Suppl. PI. 294. 1781.
Deciduous small trees.
Leaves 3-5 foliolate, petioles winged, leaf lets ellipticlanceolate. Flowers purple in axillary panicles. Drupes ovoid, with persistent calyx
Common in deciduous forests. June-November. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12452
Penchala kona. SS & BR 12488 ; Siddulaiah kona, SS 18672
Local Name
Nemali adugu
Use Category
Co / Mi
information Source :
Yanadi
Use Description
:
Co : Wood in making huts.
Mi: Wood in making cots and for agricultural implements.
Vitex negundo L, Sp. PI. 638. 1753.
Large shrubs. Leaves 3-5 foliolate, leaflets oblanceolate. Flowers blue or purple in
terminal panicles Drupes globose.
Common in wastelands, road sides and forests, May-February V.S: Sri Harikota.
SS 20375
Local Name
Vavili
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
(1) Sprains : The leaves and young shoots are warmed and plastered at the site of
sprains twice in a day until cured.
(2) Intermittent fevers : Leaves are shade-dried and powdered A teaspoonful of
powder is taken in orally with water, twice in a day until cured.
Vitex pinnata L . Sp. PI. 638. 1753. V. pubescens Vahl. Symb. Bot. 3: 85 1794.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves trifolioiate, leaflets ovate or elliptic. Flowers pale blue,
in terminal panicles Fruits globose, glabrous.
Occasional in deciduous forests. June-December. V'.S: Siddulaiah konda. SS 18672
Local Name
Nemali adugu
Use Category
Co / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Co : Timber in hut making.
121
LAM I ACEAE
Anisomeles malabarica (L.) Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 2071 1819
Erect aromatic undershrubs. Leaves ovate - lanceolate Flowers purple, in terminal
spikes. Nutlets smooth.
Common in waste lands. December-February. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12463
Mogabira
Local Name
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
:
(1) Fever arising from teething in children : Leaves as antipyretic Leaves are
ground and squeezed to get leaf sap. A teaspoonful of leaf sap is given in orally twice
in a day for 3 days.
(2) Body pains : Whole plant as analgesic or antiarthritic. Whole plants are soaked in
boiling water for 5 minutes. Such warm water is used for bathing once in a day for
3 days.
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link., Enum. PI. Hort. Berol. 2 : 113. 1822.
Erect or diffuse herbs. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers white, in axillary and terminal
globose heads Nutlets black, smooth.
Common weed of waste places and fields. All seasons V S Marripadu, 16369
Local Name
Thummi
Use Category
Ed / Me / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Ed: Leaves as vegetable.
Me (1) Scorpion sting : Leaves as antidote. Leaves are squeezed between palms to
get leaf sap. A teapoonful of leaf sap is given in orally. Leaf sap is applied at the site
of sting.
(2) Itching in Eyes : Leaves and flowers as antipruntic. Two drops of leaf / flower sap
dropped into the eyes, twice in a day for three days.
Mi: Flowers to worship Hindu God, Siva.
Ocimum basilicum L , Sp PI 597 1753.
Aromatic undershrubs Leaves ovate or elliptic - lanceolate. Flowers purple, whorled on
terminal racemes
Cultivated, also found as an escape. August-December, V.S: Narasimhapuram
Girijana Colony, SS 18685.
Local Name
Sabja, Rudrajada
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi / Folklore
122
Use Description
Me (1) Earache 2 or 3 drops of leaf sap are sqeezed in both ears at bed time
(2) Cough : Leaves as bechic. Leaves are boiled in water to get decoction. One cup
of decoction is given in orally, twice in a day for 3 days
(3) Body heat Seeds as refrigerant. Infusion of the seeds is prepared and a cup of it
is given orally thrice in a day for 3 days.
Mi Grown as ornamental plant.
Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Sp. PI. 597 1753. O. sanctum, L., Mant PI. I: 85 1767
Erect under shrubs. Leaves elliptic-oblong. Flowers white with purple tinge, in verticels.
Common in villages and often as an escape. All seasons. V S : Narasimha konda.
SS 18698.
Local Name
Tulasi
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Me (1) Cough : Leaves as bechic. Leaves are squeezeed to get sap and mixed with
onion juice A teaspoonful of the above mixture is given in orally, oncce in every
morning until cured.
(2) Night blindness : Leaves are ground well, squeezed through a new thin cloth, to
get sap Two drops of freshly prepared sap are dropped into each eye every night for
15 - days
(3) Skin diseases (Itching) : Leaves as antipruritic. Leaves are washed in water and
rubbed at the symptoms of the skin, twice in a day until cured
(4) Ring worms : Leaves as vermifuge. The extracted leaf sap, mixed with time juice
and taken in orally, each cup in each day for 3 - days.
(5) Wounds . Leaves as vulnerary. Leaves are ground well to get a paste, applied on
wounds, twice in a day until cured.
NYCTAGINACEAE
Boerhavia diffusa L., Sp. PI 3. 1753.
Perennial diffuse herbs. Leaves ovate - orbicular. Flowers pink-violet, in umbellate
panicles Anthocarps club - shaped.
Common weed of all places. All seasons. V.S : Kovuru, SS 16305
Local Name
Kanne komari
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Leaves as vegetable
123
Me (1) Body swellings : Tuberous roots as discutient. Fresh tubers are ground well
boiled in water to get decoction. One cup of decoction taken in orally twice in a day
until cured.
(2) Male sterility : Root tubers as aphrodisiac. Tubers are cooked & eaten along with
goat milk, at bed time for 40 days.
(3) Constipation : The root is given in powder as a laxative, and in infusion as a
vermifuge
AMARANTHACEAE
Achyranthes aspera L. var. rubro- fusca (Wight) Hook, f., FI. Bri. India 4: 730 1885
Annual erect subshrubs. Leaves orbicular-obovate. Flowers greenish-white in terminal
spikes. Utricles ovoid.
Common wasteland weed. All seasons. \/.S:Gilakapadu, SS 16247; Kovuru, SS 16316
Local Name
Uttareni, Yerra uttareni
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Filariasis / Elephantiasis : Leaves as antifilariatic. Leaves, camphor, coconut oil
are mixed and ground well to get a paste applied thoroughly on the symptoms, thrice in
a day until cured
(2) Tooth ache Roots as odontralgic, dentrifice. Teeth are brushed with fresh root,
twice in a day, until cured.
(3) Snake bite : Seeds as antidote. Seeds are dried and powdered. One teaspoonful
of powder is given in orally with a little water, immediately after bite.
(A) Dogs bite / Rabies : Flowering spike as antihydrophobia. These flowering spikes,
with a little sugar are made into pills. Two pills are given in orally, thrice in a day for
seven days.
(5) Scorpion sting : Leaves as antidote. Fresh leaves are crushed into a pulp, and
applied at the site of the sting.
(6) Dropsy: One or two plants are totally burnt into ash, mixed with rice conjee (Gruel)
and given internally.
Aerva lanata (L.) A. L. Juss. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat, 2 : 131. 1808.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves orbicular-ovate. Flowers white, in spikes. Utricles ovoid.
Common weed of wastelands. All seasons. V.S : Near Narasimha konda, SS 20327
Local Name
Pindi kura
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
124
Use Description
Urinary complications : Roots as diuretic
Roots are
ground well, boiled in water to get decoction. A cup of decoction given in orally thrice in
a day for three days
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 4 77 1813
Perennial ascending herbs Leaves, sessile, elliptic-oblong Flowers white, in axillary
spikes, utricles obcordate.
Common in moist places and fields. All seasons. V S : Pidatha poluru. SS 16308.
Local Name
Ponnaganti
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
:
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
Ed : Leaves as vegetable. Natives consider the leaves as food for high class people
Me : Stomach disorders : Leaves as stomachic. Leaves are cooked, mixed with a
little salt and eaten, thrice in a day.
Amaranthus spinosus L. Sp. PI. 991. 1753.
Annual erect armed herbs. Leave elliptic-ovate.
Flowers pale green, in axillary
fascicles utricles ovoid.

Common in waste lands. All seasons. V.S : Nellore, SS 16370
Local Name
Mulla thotakura
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
:
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed: Leaves as vegetable
Me (1) Urinary stones : Roots and leaves as diuretic. These are boiled in water to get
decoction A cup of decoction is taken in orally twice in a day for 14 - days,
(2) Boils & Burns : Leaves as vulnerary. The leaves are ground well to get a paste,
applied as an emollient to boils and burns, twice in a day until cured.
Amaranthus tricolor L., Sp. PI,989.1753.
Annual erect small herbs. Leaves ovate-spathulate. Flowers yellowish green, in axillary
or terminal thyrsoid panicles. Utricles ovoid.
Common weed of fields and roadsides. June-October, V.S. : Palemkota girijana colony.
SS 20352
Local Name
Chiriaku
Use Category
Ed
Information Source
Yanadi / folklore
Use Description
125
Amaranthus viridis L. Sp. PI ed. 2.3:1405.1763

Annual erect herbs Leaves ovate - rhomboid. Flowers greenish yellow, axillary or in
terminal spikes, utricles ovoid.
Common in moist fields and waste places. July - December V S : Palemkota, girijana
colony, SS 16323
Local Name
Thotakura
Use Category
Ed
Yanadi / Folklore / yerukala
Use Description
Tender branches and leaves as vegetable
Celosia argentea L,, Sp.PI.205.1753

Annual erect herbs. Leaves linear - lanceolate or ovate. Flowers dull white in terminal
spikes utricles globose.
Common weed of fields. July - November. V.S. : Kadirinayudupalli, SS 16366
Local Name
Sitamma jada
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed Leaves as vegetable
Me : Fever : Seeds as antipyretic or febrifuge. Seeds are crushed well, mixed with
sugar and put it in a cup of water to get strained for one hour. The infusion is given in
orally twice in a day for 3 days.
Digera muricata (L.) C. Martius. Beitr. Amar. 77.1825

Annual erect herbs. Leaves ovate-elliptic. Flowers rose, in lax spikes
Utricles
subglobose.
Common
weed
of
fields
and
occasional
in
moist
places,
June-November
V.S.: Stambalakona girijan colony, SS 20325.

Local Name
Chenchalaku
Use Category
Ed
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Leaves as vegetable
BASELLACEAE
Basella alba L.. Sp.PI.272.1753. B.rubra L Sp.PI.272.1753
Perennial climbing shrubs.
Leaves ovate. Flowers pinkish green, in axillary spikes
utricles globose, fleshy, dark purple.

Common over bushes and hedges. Throughout the year. V.S.
Kulluru girijana colony,
SS 16320
Local Name
Batchali
126
Use Category
Ed / Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Ulcers in stomach : Leaves are cooked and eaten, once in a meal, for 10 days
POLYGONACEAE
Rumex vescicarius L., Sp. PI. 336. 1753.
Annual herbs Leaves obtuse or acute. Flowers in racemes, terminal or leaf - opposed
Fruits white or pink
Cultivated. Wild in moist places. September - January. V.S : Nellore, SS 16333.
Local Name
Chukkaku, chukka kura
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Folklore
Use Description
Me : Constipation : Leaves as laxative. Leaves are cooked and eaten once in a meal
for three days.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Aristolochia bracteolata Lam., Encycl. T 258.1783
Perennial trailing herbs. Leaves or broadly ovate reniform. Flowers dark purple, axillary,
solitary capsules oblong - ellipsoid.
Common weed of cultivated fields and waste places. June-December. V.S :
Sri Harikota, SS 20376.
Local Name
Gadida gadapa.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
(1) Gripes : Two fresh leaves are crushed with water and given once in a day
(2) Itching : Fresh leaves are bruised, mixed with castor oil and applied externally at
the site of itching, twice in a day for three days.
(3) Snake bite Leaves as antidote. The leaves beaten up with water, given internally
immediately after bite.
Aristolochia indica L Sp PI 960.1753.
Perennial twining herbs. Leaves obovate - oblong. Flowers greenish - white or pinkish
green, in axillary racemes, capsules oblong.
Common in all forests. November-February. V.S: Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12454:
127
Local Name
Eswari, Telia Eswari.
Use Category
Me
yanadi.
Use Description
(1) Snake bite : Roots as antidote. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction Roots are ground well with a little water to get a paste A cup of decoction is
given in orally, and the paste is applied at the site of bite
(2) White leprosy : Roots are ground well with honey to get thick paste, a teaspoonful
of paste given in orally, thrice in a day until cured.
(3) Eczema : Leaves for dermototherapy. Leaves are washed in water, ground well
and squeezed through a new, thin cloth (Muslin cloth) to get leaf sap. This leaf sap is
mixed in coconut oil and applied on the symptoms, twice in a day until cured.
LAURACEAE
Cassytha filiformis L., Sp. PI. 35.1753.

Twining leafless parasitic, shrubs. Flowers yellow, in lateral spikes. Drupes globose.
Occasional on shrubs and trees. January - March. V.S : Narasimha konda SS 18696
Local Name
Pasitheega.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Inveterate ulcers : Whole plant is dried, pulverised and mixed with dry ginger and
butter. This mixture is used in the cleaning of inveterate ulcers.
(2) Hair fail : Whole plant as antidepilatory. Whole plant is pulverised mixed with
gingeily oil and applied to the scalp (to strengthen the roots of the hair) at bed time for
15 - days.
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Robinson in Philipp. J. Sci. 6:321 1911.
Evergreen trees. Leaves elliptic - ovate. Flowers creamy - yellow, in axillary umbels.
Rare along the moist ravines. May - July. V.S: Siddulaiah kona, SS. 18621.
Local Name
Pulusumamidi.
Use Category
Me / Te
Yanadi.
Use Description
Me : Malesterility (Impotency) : Roots as aphrodisiac Roots are cut into pieces,
shade dried and powdered. One spoon of powder is taken in with a cup of milk or with
spoonful of honey, twice in a day for 40 - days.
Te : Dye is extracted from the stem bark, stem bark in tanning leather.
128
Litsea monopetala (Roxb.)Pers. Syn. PI. 2:4.1804

Evergreen trees Leaves elliptic-oblong. Flowers small, sessile, in umbels. Berries
ellipsoid
Common in shady places in ravines. February-May.
SS 12442
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
corporation, Nellore.
VS
Venkatagiri durgam,
Naramamidi.
Mi
Yanadi
Tribals collect the stem bark and
sell to Girijana
HERNANDIACEAE
Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq., Select. Strip. Amer. His 282 t f 78 & f 80 1763
Large trees Leaves broadly ovate. Flowers yellow, in terminal panicles Drupes
obovoid - globose.
Occasional in forests. January - April, V.S : Sri Harikota, SS 20377
Local Name
Tanaku.
Use Category
Mi
information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Wood in making country boats.
LORANTHACEAE
Dendrophthoe falcata (L. f.) Etting. in Akad, Wiss. Math. Naturwiss. Kl Denksher. 32 :
68 113 f 14 & 15. 1872.
Large semiparasitic shrubs. Leaves elliptic - lanceolate. Flowers yellow - orange, in
axillary racemes Berries oblong, glabrous
Common stem parasite on various trees. March - September
V S Venkatagiri
durgam, SS 12466 : Narasimha konda, SS 18680.
Local Name
Badanika
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Wounds : Leaves as vulnerary. Leaves are dried in
shade and burnt into ash The ash is mixed in coconut oil to get a liniment, applied on
wounds thrice in a day until cured.
SANTALACEAE
Santaium album L Sp. PI 349. 1753

Evergreen trees Leaves ovate - elliptic. Flowers pale green, in axillary and terminal
panicles Drupes globose
129
V S Siddulaiah kona, SS 18652
Occasional in forests. May
August
Local Name
Chandanamu, Srigandham
Use Category
Me /Co
Information Source
Yanadi / Folk lore
Use Description
Me : Diaphoris & Bums
Wood as refrigerant and antidiaphoretic.
Dried wood is
rubbed on a rough stone, with a little water to get a paste, applied on the symptoms,
thrice in a day for 3 - days.
Co : Scented timber is used in house hold implements.
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acaiypha indica L , Sp. PI. 1003. 1753

Annual erect herbs. Leaves ovate. Flowers green, in axillary spikes Capsules globose
Common in wastelands. June - December. V.S : Nellore, SS 16330.
Local Name
Muripinda, Kuppinta
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yerukala / Folklore / Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Constipation : Roots as cathartic purgative. The roots are bruised in hot water to
get decoction. A cup of decoction is taken in orally at bed time for 3 days.
(2) Scabies : Leaves for dermatotherapy. Leaves are boiled in water to get decoction,
mixed with common salt and applied externally, twice in a day until cured,
(3) Ear ache : Tender leaves are squeezed between palms to get leaf sap. Two drops
of it put in both ears, twice in a day for 3 days.
Breynia vitis idaea {Burm. f.) Fischer in Bull. Misc. Inform. 1932 : 65. 1932
-
Shrubs. Leaves elliptic-ovate. Flowers yellowish-green,solitary,axillary. Drupes globose

Occasional in forests. July - October. V, S. Siddulaiah kona. SS 18611.
Local Name
Nalla purugudu, Adavi Munaga.
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Tongue ulcers in children : Root is rubbed on a rough surface with a little water to
get paste, applied on the tongue, twice in a day for 3 - days.
(2) Rheumatic swellings Leaves as antirheumatic. Leaf poultice is prepared, placed

:
at the joints and bandaged, twice in a day for 3 days.
Bridelia retusa (L ) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3 : 48. 1826.

Deciduous trees
Leaves elliptic-obovate.
Flowers reddish-yellow, in axillary or in
terminal paniculate spikes. Drupes sub globose.
130
Common in hilly forests. June - December. V.S : Penchala kona. SS & BR 16234.
Local Name
Use Category
Poramanu, Koramanu.
Ed / Me / Co / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed Fruits edible
Me : Urinary disorders : Stem bark as diuretic Stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled in
water to get decoction A cup of decoction is given in orally, twice in a day for 3 - days
Mi: Wood for agricultural implements.
Cieistanthus patuius (Roxb.) Muell.-Arg. in DC, Prodr. 15 (2): 505 1866
Deciduous small trees Leaves ovate - lanceolate. Flowers creamy - yellow in axillary
spikes. Capsules globose.
Occasional along ravines. May - July. V.S : Gilakapadu, SS 16342.
Local Name
Kodise
Use Category
Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Mi: Fruits for fish poisoning.
Croton bonplandianum Bail), in Adansonia 4 : 339. 1864.
Annual erect herbs. Leaves ovate - lanceolate. Flowers yellowish - green, unisexual
in spikes Capsules ellipsoid.
Common in wastelands. All seasons. V.S : Buchireddypalem, SS 16371
Local Name
Vanachettu, Kirasanayulu chettu.
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Folklore
Use Description
Mosquito menace : Whole plant used as mosquito
repellent. Plant is dried and burnt to get smoke in the houses, that acts as repellent
Croton klotzschianus (Wight) Thw Enum. PI.Zeyl.276.1861
Small trees Leaves elliptic-oblong. Flowers yellow, in terminal spikes. Capsules
globose.
Occasional in shady places of hills. July - November. V S
Venkatagiri durgam
SS12453: Siddulaiah kona, SS 18610.
Local Name
Naragonji,
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
131
Use Description
Snake bite : Bark of stem & root as antidote The bark is
cut into pieces, dried in shade and powdered. Bark is rubbed on rough surface with a
little water to get paste. A teaspoonful of powder is given internally with water. The
paste is applied at the site of bite.
Drypetes sepiaria (Wight & Am.) Pax & Hoffm., in Engl, Pflanzenr 81:271 1922
Evergreen small trees. Leaves elliptic - oblong. Flowers yellowish - green, unisexual, in
axillary fascicles. Drupes globose.
Occasional in closed scrubs. January - April. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12467.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Bira
Ed
Yanadi
Fruits are edible.
Euphorbia hirta L Sp.PI.454.1753.

Annual prostrate or ascending herbs. Leaves oblong - obovate . Cyathia in axillary
cymes. Capsules globose.
Abundant weed of all places. All seasons. V.S : Nellore, SS 16313.
Local Name
Patchabotlu, Reddinanabalu
Use Category
Me
Folklore / Yerukala
Use Description
(1) Dysentery : Entire plant antidysenteric. The plants are ground well, squeezed
through a thin cloth, to get sap. One teaspoonfull of sap is given in orally twice in a day.
for 3 - days
(2) Cuts and injuries : Latex is applied on cuts and injuries twice a day until healed
Euphorbia nivulia Buch. Ham. in trans. Linn. Soc. London 14 : 286. 1825
Armed deceduous small trees.
Leaves obovate-oblong.
Cyathia in' axillary or
subterminal lax cymes.
Common in open forests. November - January. V. S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 16364
Local Name
Akujemudu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Constipation : Leaves as purgative. One or two teaspoonful of leaf sap is used
internally at bed time
(2) Rheumatic pains : Leaves as antirheumatic. Leaf sap mixed with neem oil and
applied externally twice in a day until cured.
132
(3) Dropsy The bark of the root boiled in rice water and arrack filtered cooled A cup
of filtrate given is internally.
Euphorbia tirucalii L., Sp.PI.452.1753.
Succulent small trees. Leaves linear, deciduous, sessile. Cyathia in terminal clusters
Capsules globose, villous.
Common in field hedges. August - September. U.S :Narasimhakonda, SS 20326.
Local Name
Kadajamudu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
(1) Constipation : Latex as purgative. Latex is collected from the branches and mixed
with butter. One teaspoonful of this mixture is given in orally at bed time.
(2) Stomach ache : Roots as stomachic. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to
get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally thrice in a day
Givotia rottleriformis Griff, in Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. 4:388 1844
Deciduous trees. Leaves broadly ovate. Flowers yellow, dioecious, in axillary paniculate
cymes. Drupes subglobose
Occasional in deciduous forests. July - October. \/.S.:Siddulaiah kona, SS 18634
Local Name
Ponica.
Use Category
Use Description
Mi
Yanadi
Wood in making foot-wear and toys
Jatropha curcas L., Sp. PI. 1006.1753.

Perennial shrubs. Leaves ovate-cordate. Flowers greenish-yellow, unisexual in axillary
and terminal, dichasial cymes. Capsules globose.
Common hedge plant. August-October. V.S: Kovuru yanadi colony, SS16221;
Panasabavi ( Venkatagiri durgam), SS 16297.
Local Name
Telia dundigamu.
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Mouth ulcers
Leaves are ground, squeezed between palms to get leaf juice
Juice is applied in the mouth, every morning for 3 - days.
(2) Tooth ache Stem cuttings as odontralgics. They are used as tooth brush cures
toothache.
133
Jatropha glandulifera Roxb., FI Ind. 3:688.1832

Perennial erect shrubs. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, lobes obovate. Flowers in axillary
cymes. Capsules subglobose.
Common in on hills, August - January. V.S : Narasimha konda, SS18684.
Local Name
Telia dundigamu, Nela amudamu
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi / Folklore
Use Description
(1) Piles: Roots are ground well, boiled in water to get decoction A cup of decoction is
given in orally twice in a day for 10 - days.
(2) Paralysis Oil from the seeds as antiparalytic. Oil expressed from the seeds
exhibits stimulating property. This oil is rubbed at paralytic affections thrice in a day
until cured
(3) Wounds ; Latex from the stem as vulnerary, applied on wounds, thrice in a day until
cured.
Jatropha gossypifolia L., Sp.PI. 1006.1753.
Perennial erect shrubs . Leaves palmately 3 - lobed. Flowers crimson - red, unisexual,
in axillary dichasial cymes. Capsules globose.
Common in waste places; All seasons. V.S : Narasimha konda, SS 18688.
Local Name
Nepalamu, Yerra dundigamu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Eczema, scabies : Leaves for dermatotherapy. Leaves are ground, squeezed
through a thin cloth (Muslin cloth ) to get sap, applied thoroughly on the symptoms,
thrice in a day until cured.
(2) Boils & Burns : Latex applied on boils and burns twice in a day until cured.
Mallotus philippensis (Lam ) Muell.-Arg. in Linnaea 34:196.1865.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves ovate - lanceolate. Flowers orange - yellow, in terminal
racemes, capsules globose.
Common in hill side deciduous forests. October-January.
V.S : Stambalakona.
SS 16384
Local Name
Nagarigandham, Kumkuma
Use Category
Me /Co /Te
Yanadi
Use Description
Me (1) Wounds & Tumours : Fruits as vulnerary. Fruits are ground well with coconut
oil to get a liniment or paste, applied on wounds, tumous, twice in a day until cured
134
(2) Intestinal worms: Fruits as anthelmintic or vermifuge Fruits are shade dried and
powdered One teaspoonful of powder taken in orally with honey, twice in a day for
3 days
Co : Wood in hut making
Te : Red dye extracted from the flowers and capsules, used in printing clothes
Margaritaria indica (Daiz.) Airy Shaw, in Kew. Bull. 20:387.1966
Deciduous trees Leaves elliptic-obovate. Flowers pale green, in axillary fascicles
Capsules globose, depressed.
Rare along the streams. April - June. V.S :Stambalakona, SS16379
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
Magabira.
Co
Yanadi
Wood in hut making.
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. in Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 19:390.t. 19 1812
Perennial erect succulent subshrubs. Leaves elliptic - ovate. Cyathia terminal
Common in plains, often in hedges. March - May. V.S : Gilakapadu, SS 16257.
Local Name
Gaddakaragadu chettu, Kantapala
Use Category
Me / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Me: (1) Venereal diseases : Latex as antiseptic. Latex is collected afresh and applied
on the symptoms, twice in a day until cured,
(2) Tumours Leaves as vulnerary. Leaves are washed with water, warmed on fire
plastered on tumour and bandaged, twice in a day, until healed
Mi Grown as an ornamental plant.
Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn,, in Kongl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk Skr. 4
195.1829 P. niruri auct. non L: Roxb., FI. Ind. 3 : 659. 1832,
Annual erect herbs.
Branchlets resemble pinnate leaves Flowers pale green
unisexual, solitary or in axillary fascicles. Capsules globose.
Common in all places except forests. Throughtout the year. V.S : Kovuru, SS 18693
Local Name
Nela usiri
Use Category
Me
Folklore / Yanadi
Use Description
(1) Jaundice Whole plants are ground well to thick paste and made into round pills
One or two pills are given internally thrice in a day for 3 days Decoction is prepared by
boiling plants in water. A cup of decoction is given in orally thrice in a day for 3 days
13 5
Roots are ground well, mixed in a cup of curd and given in orally, twice in a day for
three days
(2) Stomach ulcers : Leaves and roots as good stomachic The leaves and roots
pulverised and made into poultice with ice water. This mixture is taken in orally, twice in
a day for 3 days.
(3) Hiccoughs : Whole plant as bechic. Plants are ground well, squeezed between
palms to get leaf sap. Two teaspoonful of sap are given in orally, and one or two drops
are put into both nostrils, twice in a day for 3 days.
Phyllanthus emblica L., Sp. PI.982.1753.
Deciduous trees. Leaves linear - oblong. Flowers greenish - yellow in axillary fascicles
Drupes globose
Common in dry deciduous forests. March - July. V.S Venkatagiri durgam, SS12450,
Local Name
Usiri, Nelli
Use Category
Ed / Me
Folklore / Yanadi
Use Description
Ed Fruits are edible and used in pickle preparation.
Me (1) Anaemia in pregnants Ripe fruits as chalybeate. The ripen fruits are cut into
pieces and dried in shade. Lateron dried in sunlight and packed in airtight container
Two or three pieces are eaten thrice in a day during whole period of pregnancy.
(2) Vomiting Fruits as antiemetic. Two spoonful of fruit juice are mixed in honey and
taken in orally, every morning for 3 days.
(3) Male sterility (Impotency) seeds as aphrodisiac Seeds are dried in sunlight and
powdered A spoonful of powder is mixed in honey and taken internally twice in a day
for 40 days
Phyllanthus polyphyllus Willd., Sp.PI.4 :586.1805.
Deciduous small trees. Leaves oblong - obtuse. Flowers pale yellow, solitary, axillary,
capsules globose
Common among rocky boulders, along ravines. May-August V.S : Venkatagiri durgam,
SS 16298.
Local Name
Pulichinta
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Constipation : Stem bark as laxative Stem bark is cut
into pieces, boiled in water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally thrice
in a day
136
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.in Lam., Encycl. 5.298.1804

Straggling shrubs Leaves elliptic-oblong. Male flowers purple
in axillary fascicles
female flowers solitary. Berries globose.

Occasional in hedges and forests. May - March. V.S : Sri Harikota, SS 20378
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
plants are boiled in water to
in a day for 10 days
Nalla purugudu
Me
Yanadi
Urinary trouble : Leaves and roots as diuretic Whole
get decoction. A cup of decoction is given internally twice
Ricinus communis L., Sp.PI. 1107.1753.^

Shrubs Leaves palmately 6-10 lobed, lobes lanceolate Flowers pale yellow, in
terminal, monoecious racemes. Capsules 3-lobed, cocci oblong, mdehiscent
Occasional in wastelands. December - March. V.S : Kovuru, SS16327.
Local Name
Amudamu
Use Category
Me / Te
Information Source
Folklore / Yerukala
Use Description
Me (1) Pain in limbs . Leaves as analgesic Leaves are slightly warmed on fire
plastered around the affected limb and bandaged, twice in a day until cured.
(2) Tooth ache : Oil from the seeds as odontralgic. One teaspoonful of oil, a pinch of
salt are mixed in a cup of warm water and gargle in the month twice in a day
for three days
Te Oil expressed from seeds, used in lighning lamps by girijans and folklore
Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell.-Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15(2):451.1866,
Spiny shrubs. Leaves elliptic-oblong, Flowers greenish-yellow, in axillary fascicles
Berries globose.
Common in forest peripheries scrubs. June-August. l/.S-Venkatagiri durgam, SS12478
Local Name
Nalla bulugudu.
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Me Antinatal complications : Stem bark as one of the ingredients of the decoction
137
Suregada angustifolia (Muell - Arg.) Airy shaw in Kew Bull. 23:128 1969
Evergreen trees. Leaves obovate - oblanceolate. Flowers yellowish - green in axillary
panicles.
Occasional in forests. August - December. V.S : Sri Harikota, SS20379
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Use Description
decoction is taken internally,
Sapranji
Me
Yanadi
Fever: Roots as antipyretic febrifuge A cup of root
thrice in a day until cured.
Tragia piukenetii Radc.-Smith. In Kew Bull. 37:688.1983.

Twining herbs. Leaves palmatifid, deeply 3-lobed. Flowers in axillary racemes capsules
3-lobed, hairy.
Common in waste lands and forest outskirts. December-March. V.S.: Gilakapadu forest,
SS16256
Local Name
Yerra duradagundaku.
Use Category
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Skin disease (Itching) : Roots as antipruritic. Roots are
ground well, with a little water to get paste, applied on the symptoms, thrice in a day for
3 - days
ULMACEAE
Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch, in Ann. Sci Nat. Bot. (Ser.3) 10 : 266 1848
Deciduous trees. Leaves elliptic - ovate. Flowers pale green, in axillary racemes
Samaras orbicular
Occasional in forests. October-February. \/.S.: Venkatagiri durgam, SS 16296
Local Name
Thavisa
Use Category
Me / Co / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Tumours : Stem bark as vulnerary. Stem bark is ground on a flat stone with a
little water to get paste. The paste is applied on tumours, thrice in a day until cured.
MORACEAE
Ficus benghalensis L., Sp.PI.1059.1753.
Evergreen large trees, with aerial prop roots. Leaves ovate
sessile, globose, red when ripe. Achenes globose
Syconia in axillary pairs,
138
Common in villages and roadisides and occasional in plain forests. March - September.
V.S.: Nellore 20337.
Local Name
Use Category
Information Source
Marri
Ed / Me / Mi
Folklore / Yanadi
Use Description
Ed Fruits are edible
Me (1) Tooth ache The white glutinous juice (Latex) as odontic It is collected from
the stem and applied to the affected teeth, twice in a day for three days
(2) Foot cracks Latex collected from the stem is applied at the cracks of the feet until
cured.
(3) Diabetes : Stem bark as antidiabetic, and powerful tonic The bark is cut into
pieces, boiled in water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally twice in a
day for fifteen days
Mi: Tender stem cuttings, tender prop root cuttings as tooth brush by natives
Ficus microcarpa L. f., Suppl. PI. 442.1781.
Evergreen trees. Leaves elliptic, obovate. Syconia orange - yellow, globose or
pyriform, sessile in axillary pairs. Achenes minute, globose.
Common in deciduous forests. March - September. V7S . Stambalakona, SS16352
Local Name
Kondajuvvi, Billa juvvi
Use Category
Me / Co
Yanadi
Use Description
Me (1) Scabies Stem bark for dermatotherapy. It is cut into pieces, boiled in water to
get decoction. Half cup of decoction is taken in orally, thrice in a day for 3-days
(2) Tooth ache Prop roots as dentrifices and odontic Teeth are brushed with young
prop root cuttings, twice in a day until cured.
Co ; Wood in hut making.
Ficus racemosa L., Sp.PI.1060,1753. F.glomerata Roxb., PI Co. 2:13,123,1799.
Deciduous large trees. Leaves elliptic - lanceolate, glabrous. Syconia cauiiflorous,
pyriform
Common in villages and near water courses. March - September. Y.S Stambalakona
SS 20324
Local Name
Atti, Medi
Use Category
Ed / Me
Folklore / Yanadi
Use Description
Ed Fruits are edible.
139
Me (1) Urinary stones A cup of latex collected from roots is given orally once in a day
for three days
(2) Cancerous affections : Stem bark is dried and powdered The powder is mixed
with gingelly oil and applied in cancerous affections.
(3) General weakness A fluid yielded by incisions in the root is given as tonic
(4) Diabetes : Stem bark as antidiabetic. Stem bark is cut into pieces, boiled in water to
get an infusion. A cup of infusion is given orally thrice in day. for fifteen days
(5) Bilious affections : Young leaves are shade dried and powdered A tea spoonful of
powder, mixed with honey is given orally thrice in a day for three days
URTICACEAE
Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Bennet, al. PI. Jav. Rar. 67.1838 P Indica (L.) Mant PI 128
1767.
Erect herbs. Leaves elliptic - ovate. Flowers white, in axillary, sessile clusters Achenes
winged.
Occasional in scrub forests, August - February. \/.S.: Sri Harikota, SS 20380.
Local Name
Use Category
Uchcha gadda
Me
Yanadi
Use Description
Urinary troubles
Roots as diuretic A cup of root
decoction is given internally twice in a day for 10-days.
CASUARINACEAE
Casuarlna equisetifolia L, Amoen. Acad. 4:143.1759.
Evergreen trees. Leaves scaly. Flowers minute, in spikes on terminal branchlets
Carpophores ovoid or oblong, nutlets winged.
Abundant all along the coast. February - July. y.S . Ramatheertham, SS 16386
Local Name
Sarugudu, Savuka.
Use Category
Co / Mi
Folk lore
Use Description
Co : Wood in hut making and as fuel by local people.
Mi: Young branches as broom sticks.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Crinum defixum Ker.-Gawl., J. Sci. Arts(London). 3;105.1817
Perennial acaulescent herbs, bulbs ovoid. Leaves long, broadly linear. Flowers white, in
terminal umbels, on long scapes. Capsules subglobose.
140
Rare in moist places at foot of the hills. September - November V.S . Panasabavi
Venkatagin durgamj. SS 16290
Local Name
Chembugadda
Use Category
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Me (1) Body pains and swellings Bulbs as analgesic and discutient. The bulb is
ground on rough surface to get a paste,applied at pains of the body and on swellings
twice in a day for 5 days.
(2) Constipation : Roots as purgative and emetic. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in
water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is given in orally early in the morning for 3
days
(3) Ear ache Fresh leaf is crushed, squeezed to get leaf sap Two drops of it are
instilled in both ears, twice in a day for 3 days.
Mi Ornamental plant
AGAVACEAE
Agave americana Sp. PI. L., 323. 1753.
Perennial short trunked shrubs. Leaves succulent in rosettes, lanceolate Flowers
yellow in cymose clusters. Capsules trigonous, oblong.
Common hedge plant. September - January. V.S : Udayagiri, SS 20318
Local Name
Kittanara, Balurakkasi, Yenugakalabanda
Use Category
Me/Co
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Body pains : Leaves as analgesic. Leaves are crushed and squeezed to get an
extract, boiled, cooled and applied externally on swellings and pains, twice in a day
until cured
Co : Fibre from the leaves in hut making.
HYPOXIDACEAE
Curculigo orchioides Gaertn , Fruct. Sem, PI. 1:63.1.16 f 11 1788
Perennial acaulescent erect herbs. Leaves lanceolate prominently nerved. Flowers
yellow, in axillary simple racemes. Capsules oblong - ovoid
Occasional in moist places and forests. July-November V.S Penchalakona, SS16236
Local Name
Nelathati
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
141
Use Description
(1) Filarial Swellings Raw tubers are eaten twice in a day until cured
(2) Impotency Tubers as aphrodisiac. Root tubers are boiled in water and eaten with
milk twice in a day for 40-days
(3) Gonorrhoea The root is considered as demulcent and tonic Roots are boiled in
water to get decoction. A cup of decoction is taken in orally, thrice in a day for 3 days
Sansevieria roxburghiana Schultes.& Schultes f, Mant. Syst Veg 7 357.f 12 1829
Acaulescent fleshy, perennial herbs. Leaves linear, sessile, deeply concave Flowers
pale green, in clusters, on terminal scapes. Berries globose
Common in forests and field hedges. July-September. V.S: Venkatagiri durgam,
SS12430
Local Name
Adavithegala, Adavisega
Use Category
Me / Co
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Snake bite : Leaves as antidote. Leaves are ground well to get paste, applied at
the site of bite.
Co : Fibres from the leaves in hut construction.
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea oppositifolia L., Sp. PI. 1033,1753.

Annual climbing shrubs. Leaves elliptic - lanceolate. Male floral spikes in clusters,
axillary, female spikes solitary, axillary, drooping. Capsules obovoid, 3-winged.
Common in forests. July - December. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12423; Udayagiridurgam, SS 16204. Penchalakona, SS & BR 16238.
Local Name
Yallagadda
Use Category
Ed
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Tuberous roots as raw or roasted on fire or boiled in water
are eaten
Dioscorea pentaphylla L , Sp.PI. 1032.1753.
Climbing shrubs with tuberous roots. Leaves 3-5 foliolate, leaflets elliptic - oblong. Male
flowers white, in axillary pendulous panicles, female flowers solitary or in paired
panicles. Capsules oblong, winged.
Common in forests July - December. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam. SS 12406; Udayagin
durgam, SS 16201; Penchalakona, SS & BR 16235.
Local Name
Injedi
Use Category
Ed
142
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Tuberous roots as raw, or fried on fire, or boiled in water
LILIACEAE
Aloe vera (L.) Burm f FI. Ind. 83.1768.
Perennial acaulescent, succulent herbs. Leaves radical, in rosettes, ensiform. Flowers
orange, in long racemes. Capsules ellipsoid - oblong.
Common in waste lands. September - December. \/,S . Kulluru SS 20332
Local Name
Kalabanda
Use Category
Me/Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Me (1) Country sore eye : Leaf sap in ophthalmia. Leaf pulp is washed in cold water
mixed with a little burnt alum wrapped in a piece of muslin cloth and applied to the
eyes twice in a day for three days
(2) Cough
Leaves as bechic. Leaf pulp is fried in cow ghee, mixed with a little sugar
and taken in orally thrice in a day for three days.
Mi Castor oil is applied on the leaf, fried slightly on a low flame of an oil lamp. A black
soot formed on leaf surface is removed and applied to the edges of eyelids for cooling
purpose
Asparagus racemosus Willd. Sp.PI.2:152.1799.

Climbing spiny undershrubs. Leaves scaly, cladodes linear, falcate. Flowers white, in
axillary racemes. Berries globose.
Common among bushes and hedges. July - October. V.S : Siddulaiahkona, SS18673.
Local Name
Pillitheegalu, Kappagaddalu
Use Category
Me
Yanadi / Yerukala
Use Description
(1) Reduced breast milk : Tuberous roots as galactagogue or lactagogue. Tubers are
washed, and outer thin layer is peeled off. Such tubers are crushed, squeezed through
a thin cloth to get juice. The juice is mixed with sugar and a cup of it taken in orally
every morning for 10 days.
(2) Dysentery
Tuberous roots as antidysenteric. Fresh tubers are crushed, squeezed
to get a juice A teaspoonful of it is mixed with sugar and pinch of salt, taken in orally
twice in a day for 3 days.
Gloriosa superba L., Sp.PI.305.1753.

Perennial climbing shrubs. Leaves ovate - lanceolate, apex tendrillar. Flowers scarlet to
crimson in upper half and yellow in lower half, solitary, axillary. Capsules ellipsoid.
143
Occasional among bushes. October - December. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS12415

Local Name
Nagetipanthagadda, Nabhi
Use Category
Me / Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Me Skin diseases (Itching) . Tuberous roots as antipruritic Tubers are ground with a
little salt to get a paste, applied on the symptoms, and washed after one hour, every,
morning for 3-days.
Mi: Fruits and tubers are collected by tribals on large scale and sold to private people
COMMELINACEAE
Commelina benghalensis L ., Sp PI .41. 1753
Annual herbs, diffuse or suberect. Underground shoots develop cleistogamous white
flowers. Leaves ovate - oblong. Flowers bright-purple in axillary cymes. Capsules ovoid
Common in moist shady places. August-November. V.S : Butchireddypalem, SS 16314
Local Name
Neetibotlu
Use Category
Ed / Me
Folklore
Use Description
Me : Body weakness : Leaves as tonic. Tender leaves are cooked and eaten with
meal for 7-days.
Cyanotis tuberosa (Roxb.) Schultes & Schultes f., in L. Syst. Veg.7:1153.1830.
Perennial erect herbs, with fusiform tuberous roots. Leaves linear-oblong. Flowers
purple in axillary or terminal cymes. Capsules ellipsoid.
Common in forests in shade. August - September. V.S : Stambalakona, SS 16388
Local Name
Rudrajadalu
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Dysentery: Tubers as antidysenteric. Fresh tubers are
crushed, squeezed, to get juice. A teaspoonful of juice is taken in orally thrice in a day
ARECACEAE
Borassus flabeilifer L , Sp.PI. 1187.1753.
Unbranched tall trees. Leaves fan shaped, orbicular. Flowers pale green, in branched
spikes. Drupes subglobose.
Common throughout the district. February - May. V.S : Kovuru, SS 20334.
Local Name
Thati
144
Use Category
Information Source
Ed / Co / Te / Mi
Folklore / Yanadi
Use Description
Ed Liquid endosperm ripened fruits, boiled or fried seedlings are edible
Te : Sap collected from cut end of the peduncle used in toddy and jaggery
preparations
Co Stems and leaves in hut making
Mi: Baskets, hand fans from leaves.
Calamus rotang L, Sp PI.325.1753.
Armed straggling shrubs. Leaves pinnate, leaflets narrowly lanceolate. Spadices long,
branched axillary, polygamo - dioecious. Fruits with scales in vertical series.
Rare in moise places. April - July V.S : Sri Harikota, SS20384
Local Name
Pemu
Use Category
Ed / Mi
Folklore / Yanadi
Use Description
Mi Canes in basket and fish trap making.
Phoenix farinifera Roxb., Cor. Pl.t. 74.1795-1819
Small bushy trees. Leaves long, leaflets oblong. Spadices with male and female floral
spikes. Drupes oblong.
Common in scrub forests. February - June. V.S. : Stambalakona. SS18700.
Local Name
Chitteeta
Use Category
Ed / Co / Mi
Yanadi / Yerukala
Use Description
Co: Leaves woven into mats and baskets. Stems as pillars in hut making
Mi: Tribals sell the fruits in local markets.
Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb., FI. Ind. 3:787.1832.
Unbranched trees, leaves with numerous leaflets. Flowers yellow, in clustered spikes
Drupes ellipsoid, red - purple.
Common in scrub forests. February - May. V.S.: Stambalakona, SS20323.
Local Name
Peddaetha.
Use Category
Ed / Co / Te / Mi
Yanadi
145
Use Description

Co ; Stems as pillars in hut making.
Te Sap collected from the cut end of the peduncle is used in toddy preparation
Mi Fruits are sold in local markets by tribals. Leaves in baskets and mats.
PANDANACEAE
Pandanus fascicularis Lam., Encycl. 1:372.1785. P.odoratissimus L.f., Suppl. PI 64

1781.
Deciduous shrubs. Leaves oblong, spirally arranged. Flowers unisexual, crowded on a
catkin like spadix. Fruits syncarpium, Drupes.
Common in scrubs along the coast. May - June. V.S.: Muttukuru, SS16363.
Local Name
Mogili
Use Category
Me / Mi
Information Source
Folklore / Yanadi
Use Description
Me: Piles
Outer layer of the stem apex is peeled off, cut into pieces, mixed with dry
fish and roasted in castor oil, as edible dish with meal, twice in a day for 3-days
Mi: Spathes for decoration and in garland making.

TYPHACEAE
Typha angustata Bory and Chaub., Exp. Sc. Mor. 3: 33.1832

Perennial aquatic shrubs. Leaves semi-cylindric. Spikes terminal, cylindrical, brown.
Abundant in stagnant waters. January - September. V.S. : Sri Harikota, SS 20381.
Local Name
Jammu / Jambu.
Use Category
Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Culms in making mats and umbrellas

ARACEAE
Pistia stratiotes L., Sp.PI.963.1753.

Free floating herbs. Leaves obovate, sessile, clustered. Flowers in spadix, creamish white. Berries ovoid.
Occasional in tanks and ditches. September - January. V.S. : Kovuru, SS16325.
Local Name
Antaratamara
Use Category
Me
Folklore / Yanadi
146
Use Description
(1) Dysentery Leaves as antidysenteric The leaves are cooked, mixed in rice and
coconut milk, and taken in orally thrice in a day
(2) Asthma Leaves as antiasthmatic Leaves are ground with rose water, sugar and
taken in orally thrice in a day for 15 days.
(3) Constipation Roots as purgative Roots are boiled in water to get decoction A cup
of decoction taken in orally at bed time for three days.
(4) Haemorrhoids : Leaves are made into poultices and applied, thrice in a day for
three days
APONOGETONACEAE
Aponogeton natans (L.) Engl. & K.Krause in Engl. Pflanzenr. 4 13 24:11 1906
Perennial, rhizomatous submerged aquatic herbs, with tuberous roots. Leaves linearoblong. Flowers violet, in dense spikes, Follicles beaked
Common in ponds and ditches. August - December V.S
Panasabavi (Venkatagiri
durgam), SS16303; Narasimhakonda Girijana colony, SS18689
Local Name
Gittigaddalu
Use Category
Ed
Yanadi
Use Description
Roasted or boiled tubers are edible
CYPERACEAE
Cyperusjavanicus Hault., Nat. Hist. 2:13.1782
Perennial herbs. Leaves flat or folded. Spikes digitate in compound umbels spikelets
oblong, compressed. Nuts obovoid.
Frequent in water logged low lying areas. May-August. VS.: Siddulaiahkona, SS
20349
Local Name
Vidavali
Use Category
Co
Yanadi
Stems for roofing huts.
Use Description
POACEAE
Aristida adscensionis L., Sp. PI. 82.1753.
Perennial erect herbs. Leaves filiform. Spikelets one flowered, linear, in spike like
panicles. Grains linear.
Common in all places. July - December. V.S.: Narasimha konda, SS20328.
Local Name
Chipurugaddi
Use Category
Mi
147
Yanadi
Use Description
Bundles of culms and inflorescence in preparing brooms
Aristida setacea Retz., Obs. Bot. 4:22.1786.

Perennial herbs Leaves linear. Spikelets in contracted panicles Grains cylindric
Common in dry lands. July - December. V.S; Venkatagiri durgam, SS 20307
Local Name
Chipurugaddi
Use Category
Mi
Information Source
Folklore / Yanadi
Use Description
Bundles of culms in preparing brooms.
Arundo donax L., Sp. PI. 81. 1753.

Perennial shrubs. Leaves linear - ensiform. Spikelets green, in long panicles. Grains
oblong
Common along railway tracks and in hedges.
February - June. V.S
: Siddulaiah
konda, SS 20348
Local Name
Kakiveduru.
Use Category
Mi
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Culms are used in making fishing baskets
Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd., Sp. PI. 2 : 245. 1799.

Large woody bamboos. Leaves lanceloate.
Spikelets in clusters on long panicles.
Common along ravines and water courses.
October - December.
V.S : Siddulaiah
konda, SS 20347.
Local Name
Bongu veduru
Use Category
Ed / Co I Mi
Use Description
Ed: Grains cooked and eaten.

Mi: Variety of baskets are prepared from culms.
Co : Culms used in hut making.
Cymbopogon coioratus (Nees.) Stapf. Bull. Misc. Inform. 321 1904.

Tufted perennial herbs.
Leaves linear.
Spikelets pale brown, clustered on panicles
Grains oblong.
Common in hill side forests. August - December. V.S : Siddulaiah konda, SS 20346.
Local Name
Boda gaddi
Use Category
Co
148
Use Description
Yanadi / Folklore
Culms used for roofing huts
Cynodon dactylon Pers., Syn PI, 1 85. 1805.

Perennial herbs. Leaves linear. Spikelets sessile in slender spikes. Grains oblong.
Abundant in grasslands throughout the district. All seasons. V S Kulluru. SS 20333
Local Name
Garika
Use Category
Ed / Me
Information Source
Yanadi
Use Description
Ed The natives make extract from the roots, mix in cool drinks
Me (1) Diarrhoea : Entire plant as antidiarrhoeal. The plants are boiled in water to get
decoction. A cup of decoction is taken in orally, thrice in a day for three days
(2) Abortion at every pregnancy : Roots or rhizomes as antiabortive
Roots or
rhizomes are ground well and juice is squeezed. A cup of juice is mixed with 2 teaspoonful of cow ghee, boiled, cooled and taken in orally every day, upto 9th month
pregnancy
Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash in Small. FI. South East. U.S.67.1903.
Perennial herbs. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Spikelets purplish brown, in panicles.
Occasional along the margins of ponds and ditches. June - September. V.S..Siddulaiah
kona, SS20345
Local Name
Use Category
Vatti veru
Me / Mi
Yanadi
Use Description
Me : Fever Roots as febrifuge. Roots are cut into pieces, boiled in water to get
decoction A cup of decoction is given in orally thrice in a day for three days
Mi Mats are prepared from the roots, wetted and hanged to doors and windows during
summer
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodiella cernua (L.)Pic.ser., Webbia, 23 : 166. 1968

Stems ascending, bearing branched roots at nodes. Leaves linear, pale green. Cones
terminal.
Very rare near ponds under shade. V.S. : Siddulaiah konda, SS 18604
Local Name
Pilli adugu.
Use Category
Mi
Folklore/Yanadi
Use Description
Twings are burnt with sambrani to get ash. This ash is
applied to forehead to control bad dreams and evil spirits.
149
SCHIZAEACEAE
Lygodium flexuosum (L,)Sw. Schrad. Jour. Bot 1800(2) 106 1801
Climbing shrubs Fronds glabrous Sori brownish.
Occasional in hill slopes under shade. V.S.: Siddulaiah konda, SS 18656.
Local Name
Adavi sidavari
Use Category
Me
Information Source
Folklore/Yanadi
Use Description
Dysentery in children : Fresh twig cuttings are exposed
to sambrani smoke and tied around the childrens waiste, once in a day until cured
ADIANTACEAE
Adiantum capillus - veneris L., Sp. PI. 2:1096.1753
Rhizomatous erect herbs. Fronds pinnate, pinnules glabrous Sori elliptic or linear,
arranged in roundish sinuses one to each lobe.
Occasional along the streams. V.S.: Udayagiri durgam, SS 16202.
Local Name
Sanna Jarripotu aku
Use Category
Mi
Folklore
Use Description
Plants are hanged in houses to drive out evil spirits
POLYPODIACEAE
Actinopteris radiata (Swartz) Link in Fil. Spec. 80,1841.
Terrestrial tern. Rhizome very short. Lamina fan shaped. Pinnae clustered, deeply
dissected, sori arranged in two rows on the lower side of the pinnae lobes.
Rare in slopes in shady and wet places. V.S : Udayagiri durgam, SS 16205.
Local Name
Pitta adugu.
Use Category
Mi
Information Source
Folklore
Use Description
The plants are hanged in houses to drive out evil spirits
CYCADACEAE
&
Cycas beddonDyer in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2. Bot ii. t. 17

Evergreen dioecious small trees. Leaves large, pinnately compound, leaflets
lanceolate. Male cones terminal. Megasporophylls with naked ovules.
Rare on hill top forests. V,S . Stambala kona, SS 20359
Local Name
Adavi etha
Use Category
Ed
Yanadi
Use Description
Kanji (Gruel) is prepared from stem pith and eaten.
150
(2) CATEGORICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results regarding the plants of ethnobotanical importance obtained in the
present study in abstract form are presented hereunder.
vjruup
; Polypetalae
opouied
148 (43.8%)
ociiera
119 (44.7%)
riiiiiiies
47 (47.5%)
Gamopetalae
108 (32%)
82 (30.8%)
20 (20.2)
Monochlamydae
50 (14.8%)
36 (13.5%)
14 (14.1)
Monocots
27 (8%)
24 (9%)
13(13.1)
Gymnosperms
1 (0.30%)
1 (0.3%)
1 (1%)
Pteridophytes
4 (1.1%)
4 (1.5%)
4 (4%)
338
266
99
Total
, From the above information it is evident that over 90% of the species and
genera and 80% of the families are dicotyledons. Cycas beddomei is the only
gymnosperm reported in the present study.
Pteridophytes are represented by
Lycopodiaceae, Adiantaceae, Heminotiaceae and Schizeaceae. The largest families

with over 8 species represented by the dicot families are: Euphorbiaceae with 25
species followed by Fabaceae (22species), Asclepiadaceae (16), Rubiaceae (14),
Verbenaceae (11), Rutaceae (10) Asteraceae and Caesalpiniaceae (9), Mimosaceae,
Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae and Amaranthaceae represented by 8 speices.
The
largest genera in descending order are: Capparis and Ipomoea with 5 speices each
followed by Cassia and Phyllanthus each with 4 species; Hibiscus, Grewia, Ziziphus,
Indigofera, Terminaiia, Diospyros, Solanum, Amaranthus, Euphorbia, Jatropha and
Ficus with 3 species each. Of the 338 species, 120 comprise of trees, which accounts
for 35% of the total species; 95 herbs (28%); 74 shrubs (22%) and 49 climbers (15%).
A compendium providing the details of the plant species of ethnobotanical

importance encountered in the district along with their local names and use values are
presented in Table 1a. In addition to the wild and naturalised taxa, 27 cultivated plant
species, used by tribals and other rural communties for various purposes, are also
provided in Table 1b. The plant species other than medicinals are listed category-wise
151
along with their plant part used in Table 2. A total of 255 plant species out of 338
(75%) reported in the present work are known to have medicinal value and these are
listed along with their use values are listed in Table 3. The plants of edible importance
account for 35% (118/138) of the total species. The remaining miscellaneous category
accounts for 34% (115/338) of the plant species. While the plants used for
construction and technology purposes accounts for 21% (70/338) and 8% (26/338) of
the total species respectively.
A COMPENDIUM OF USE-VALUES
A total of 16 plant species of the 338 species are known to have on an average
4 different uses. Interestingly 15 species (Azadirachta indica, Ziziphus mauritiana,
Commiphora caudata, Buchanania axillaris, Mangifera indica, Tamarindus indica,
Syzygium cumini. Gardenia resinifera, Diospyros chloroxylon, Wrightia tinctoha, Cordia
dichotoma, Premma tomentosa, Brideiia retusa, Borassus flabeliifer and Phoenix
farinifera) out of these 16 are trees. The only herbaceous species included in the list is
Hibiscus cannabinus which is seen growing wild near water courses in the interior
forests
Table 1 also displays 37 plant species each with 3 different uses. Of the 37
species, 29 comprise trees which include Aegle marmelos, Toddalia asiatica, Ziziphus
xylopyrus, Lannea coromandelica, Hardwickia binata, Anogeissus iatifolia, Haldinia
cordifolia, Diospyros ferrea, Mallotus philiippensis, Ficus beghaiensis and Bambusa
arundinacea 3 are herbs (Sida acuta, Leucas aspera, Sesamum indicum), 3 are shrubs
(Cassia auriculata, Canthium dicoccum and Catuneregam spinosum) and 2 are
climbers (Canavalia ensiformis, Lagenaria siceraria).
EDIBLE PLANTS
Of the 118 species of edible importance, 54 yield fruits.
Although all the
species are consumed by the tribals, some of these are the source of income for them
throghout the year. Most of the tribals residing in and around Veligonda forests collect
and sell the fruits in the nearby villages and towns.
The delicious fruits of Annona
squamosa, Carissa carandas, Limonia acidissima, Phoenix sylvestre, P. farinifera have

great demand in the market. While collecting the edible plant material in the interior
forest, the yanadis cook the grains of Bambusa arundinacea. The fruits of Tamarindus
152
TABLE : 1a : PLANT SPECIES OF ETHNOBOTANICAL IMPORTANCE WITH THEIR USE VALUES

Note :
Abbreviations: Ed : Edible, Me : Medicinal, Co : Construction, Te : Technology,Mi : Miscellaneous, TUV : Total
use value. Tht numb** m paranfaesea evfier AmiCy nng mcUoa.4ea Met numfer af sjxcati '
Local Name
|
TUV
Me Co Te Mi
Ed
Botanical Name
2
Annona squamosa
. Dolyalthia cerasoides
Polyalthia korinti
iMENISPERMACEAE (4)
i Cissampelos pareira
Cocculus hirsutus
Pachygone ovata
Tinospora cordifolia
.... __ t_
Ramapalamu
Sitapalamu
Gutti
Naragonji
IPAPAVARACEAE |1)
lArgemone mexicana
iCAPPARACEAE (7)
1 Cadaba fruticosa
Capparis divaricata
1 Capparis grandis
Capparis rotundifolia
Capparis septan a
, Capparis zeylaruca
Crataeva magna
:
i
2
2
2
1
X
Tamara
X J
i
Kaluva
... . .
1
Sepaku
Uppi
Magasiri gadda
Suramallu
Nalla uppili
Ari donda
Mogalenka
2
2
2
X
X
CLEOMACEAE (2)
Cieome gynandra
Cieome viscosa
Vaminta, Telia veminta

Kukka vaminta
X
1
VIOLACEAE (1)
Hybanthus enneaspermus
Chandra kantha
FLACOURTIACEAE (2)
Caseana elhptica
. Caseana escuienta
Dodduga
Kondajangeru
i Calophyllum
mophyllum
2
1
CLUSIACEAE (1)
Ponna
PORTULACACEAE (1)
Portulaca oleracea
Pappukura
DIPTEROCARPACEAE (1)
i
Shorea tumbuggaia
MALVACEAE (7)
Abutilon indicum
Hibiscus carmabinus
! Hibiscus platanifolius
jhibiscus vitifohus
;Pavoma zeylanica
i Sida acuta
; rhespesia populnea
Thambavi, Guggilamu
Tuttura benda, Adavibenda, Nugubenda
Gogu
Adavi buruga, Konda patti
Adavipatti
Chitta muti, Chinna muddapulagam
Vishaboddi
Gangi ravi, Gangi reni
X
X
X
X
1
1
-----!-------X
3
2
jBOMBACACEAE (1)
I Bombax ceiba
Telia buruga, Adaviburuga
____ i______
___ L
Kusama, Bramha donda
.1.! . j......
iNYMPHAEACEAE (1)
\Nymphaea pubescens
-----------j.
._L
X
,
T
Visha Boddi
Chinna dusari, sanna dusari
Goodali, Pedda dusara
Tippa theega
iNELUMBONACEAE (1)
I Nelumbo nucifera
.................................... -.4
Kortvi kattaku
ANNONACEAE (4)
: Annona reticulata
------------L
RANUNCULACEAE (1)
Naraveha zeylaruca
<1 ------- r
....... .. ..
-i-
STERCULIACEAE (5)
Guazuma ulmifolia
Hehcteres isora
Pterospermum canescens
Pterospermum xylocarpum
Stercuha urens
Thenakayala chettu, Rudrakshalu

Gooba thada
.olaau, Nerudu
Thada
Yerra poniki, Telia poliki, Tabasu
j
!
!
!
_*__L
i
TILIACEAE (4)
Grew a flavescens
j Grewia hirsute
' Grewia rhamrtifoha
Tnumfetta rhomboidea
LINACEAE (1)
'Hugonia mystax
1 X
JLi
1
X
X t
Erythroxylum monogynum
Adavijana
>
1
A
Konda thada, Chittijana, chirijana
X ;
Thegalaku, Tegalli
X
.. -J___
i
T utturi
11
_______ _____________. _ .J___
___ i_______
Kakibira
X j
>
! Atalantia monophylta
j Citrus hmon
j Glycosmis pentaphyita
j Limonia acidissima
j Murraya
paniculate
\Nahngi alata
j Naringi crenulata
i Pamburus
missionis
> Toddalia asiatica
-4
X
X
Palleru
X
X
Maredu, Bitva
Munukudu, Yerra munukudu
Nimma, Sanna nimma
Gonji
Velaga
Naramusti
Nallamunukudu, Verrivelaga
Achilandrabillu patri, Torravelaga, Adavinlmma
Adavi kichill
Mirapagandra
X
X
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
2
X
X
o.
2
1
2
j
Oevadaru, Devadari
[ERYTHROXYLACEAE (1)
IZYGOPHYLLACEAE (1)
' Tribulus terre stns
iRUTACEAE (10)
Ueg/e marmelos
i.
*
SIMAROUBACEAE (1)
i Allanthus excelsa
Peddamanu
iBURSERACEAE (2)
iBoswellia ovahfoholata
; Commiphora caudate
Guggilamu
Konda ragi
2
4
MEUACEAE (5)
\Azadirachta indica
j Cipadessa baccifera
\Melia azedarach
Soymida febrifuga
\ Walsura trifolia
I
Vepa
Pogaveseaku, Ranabheri
Thurakavepa
Balinthachekka, Somichettu
Yerra valudu
X
X
X
Billu, Billudu
2
2
;flindersiaceae <d
\Chloroxylon swietenia
4
2
OLACACEAE (1)
Ximenia americana
Vathareni, Nagari
CELASTRACEAE (2)
Cassine glauca
\Pleurostyha opposite
i
Neridi
Nalla Nakkena, Pala theega
X
X
2
4
2
3
;rhamnaceae (5}
I Scutia
myrtina
, Ventilago denticulate
| Ziziphus mauritiana
\ Ziziphus oenopha
l Ziziphus xylopyrus
Budida pandlu
Surupu, Surati, Surudu
Gotti, Regu
Pariki, Pullaranga
Gotti
VITACEAE (3)
Cayratia pedata
jC/ssus quadrangulans
i Cissus vitigmea
X
X
X
X
X
Nasagummadi
Nalleru
Nelagummadi, Adavigummadi
2
2
ContG
1
SAP1NDACEAE {3)
Cardiospermum halicacabum
Dodonaea angustifolia
Sapindus emargmatus
ANACARDIACEAE (5)
Buchanania axillaris
Lannea coromandelica
Mangifera indica
Rhus mysorensis
j Spcndias pinnata
iMORINGACEAE (1)
! Moringa Pterigosperma
FABACEAE (22)
'fibrus precatorius
; Aiy'oaia scarabaeoides
j Butea monosperma
' Cansvaiia ensiforrnis
iChtoria tematea
, Dalbergia paniculata
i Derris scandens
I Dohchos tritobus
1 Indigofera aspalathoides
Indigofera cassioldes
Indigofera tinctoria
Melilotus indica
Pongamia pinnata
Pterocarpus marsupium
Pterocarpus santalinus
Pueraria tuberosa
Rhynchosia minima
Rhynchosia suaveolens
Sesbanta sesban
Sophora interrupta
rephrosia purpurea
. Tephrosia villosa
iCAESALPINIACEAE (9)
'Bauhinia racemosa
Caesalpinia bonduc
Cassia auriculata
j Cassia fistula
j Cassia italica
1 Cassia occidentals
Hardwickia binata
Pterolobium hexapetalum
Tamarindus indica
MIMOSACEAE (8)
Acacia leucophloea
Acacia torta
Albizia amara
Dichrostachys c'merea
Mimosa pudica
1 Pithecellobium dulce
Prosopis chilensis
.Prosopis cineraria
8
i
Budda kakara
Bandaru
Kunkudu
2
1
__I
___ ___ l
3
i
X
X
Saara
Gumphena
Mamidi
Sundaari
Pullamamidi, Adavi mamidi
Munaga
X
X
4
2
1 J
2
2
3
3
2
Telia / nalla / yerra Gurivinda

Pachabotavadi
Moduga
Adavi thamba
Sankupuvu
Pachaari
Mynaputheega, Theegadirisena
Adavi chikkudu
Chinna nelavemu
Kondanili
Nilimandu chettu
Pasupuveruchettu
Kanuga
Yege, Yegisa
Yerra chandanamu, Raktachandanamu
Bhoochakragadda
Adavi chikkudu
Adavikandi
Jeeluga
Adavisenega
Nelavempali, Vempali
Nelavempali
Are, Ari
Gachakayachettu
Thangedu
Rela
Nelathangedu
Kasintha, Benukaku
Yepi
Pariki
Chinta
Telia thumma
Korintheega
Seekireni
Veluthuruchettu
Attipatti, komali
Seema chinta
Karra thumma, Kanchethumma
Jammi
X
X
X
2
1
2
1
X
X
X
X
:
1
-i
X
X
2
X
!
X
3
2
X
X
X
X
X
2
4
3
1
1
X
X
X
X
2
2
*
.J
1
COMBRETACEAE (5)
Anogeissus latifolia
Combretum albidum
Terminaha anuria
............. .......... 1
................... ..........
_______
Sirimamidi.Yelama
Yaada, Yadaratheega
Venna mudda, Erri maddi
| 5
_____ L .. .
j
!
X
X
3
2
3
3
3
. Terminaha chebuta
i Terminaha pallida
MYRTACEAE (3)
Karaka
Telia karaka
\Eugema bracleata
! Syzygium alternifohum
Konda neredu
Moyi
Neredu, Alla neredu
! Memecylon edule
LYTHRACEAE (2)
j.Amman/a multiflora
j tav/sonia inermis
'PASSIFLORACEAE (1)
Alii
Vendapaku
Gorintaku
i passiflora foetida
'CUCURBITACEAE (5)
I Citrullus colocynthis
Gabbudonda
Chittipapara, Erripucha
Oonda
Sora
Kakara
Pamudonda, Adavipotla, Chedu pulla
1
2
I
i
1
< Syzygium cumini
2
4
1
2
X
X
MELASTOMATACEAE (1)
Coccmia grandis
Lagenaria steeran a
Momordica charantia
Tnchosanthes cucumerina
- -J
i
X
BEGONIACEAE (1)
Begonia malabarica
Adavichukka
CACTACEAEd)
Opuntia stricta
Bramhajemudu
Atikamamidi
Santhraci
4
I
AIZOACEAE (1)
:
Trianthema portulacastrum
MOLLUGINACEAE (1)
,Giinus
oppositifolius
APIACEAE (1)
\Centella asiatica
Saraswathiaku vallari
X
s
;ALANGIACEAE (1)
.A/angium salvifolium
Uduga
j Benkara malabarica
I Canthium dicoccurr
! Canthium parviflorum
iCatunaregam spinosa
Gardenia gummifera
Gardenia resinifera
Pedamalle, Nalla pedamalle

Nakkena
Nallabalusu
Balusu, Manga
Bikki
Yerri bikki
Adavi manga, Rudra ganapa
Chiru nelavemu
Chiruveru
Koya
Nelavemu, Chedupulla
Maddi, Thogaru, Pedda papidi
Katika papari
Kommi
'RUBIACEAE (14)
Haldinia cordifolia
Hedyotis corymbosa
i Hedyotis puberula
'lxora arborea
Knoxia sumatrensis
Morinda pubescens
Pavetta indica
Tarenna asiatica
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
4
3
1
1
X
X
X
2
3
2
3
3
2
+2
-1
ASTERACEAE (9)
Blumea membranacea
Dicoma tomentosa
! Echinops echinatus
'.Eclipta prostrata
I Emilia sonchi folia
Karapaku
Goligundaku
Brahmadonda, Brahma dandi
Guntagalagara Guntagalijeru
Gayapaku
X
X
X
X
1
1
Coma
* 1
Gnaphahum polycaulon
Sphaeranthus indicus
Tndax procumbens
Deyyaputhalaku
Bodatharamu
Gaddi chamanti
Xanthium indicum
PIUMBAGINACEAE (1)
\riarula matangi
Plumbago zeylanica
SAPOTACEAE (3)
Telia chitramulamu
Madhuca indica
Manilkara hexandra
PPa
Palachettu
, Mimusops elengi
EBENACEAE (3)
I Oiospyros chloroxylon
'Oiospyros exsculpta
Oiospyros ferrea
Pogada
Ullindara
Ummitta
Ooti
OLEACEAE (3)
Jasminum cuspidatum
! Jasminum scandens
i Lmociera zeylanica
lAPOCYANACEAE (8)
\Alsionia scholaris
i Cariss,a carandas
| Carissa spinarum
j Cascabela thevetia
; Catharanthus roseus
Holarrhena pubescens
ichnocarpus frutescens
Wnghtia tmctoria
ASCLEPIADACEAE (16)
Caioiropis gigantea
Caiotropis procera
. Ca'alluma adscendens
Ceropegia bulbosa
, Cempegia candelabrum
! Decaiepis hamiltonii
i Gymnema sylvestre
j Hemidesmus indicus
| Pentatropis capensis
Pergularia daemia
Sarcostemma acidum
ISarcostemma secamone
, Secamone emetica
: Tylophora fasciculata
! Tylophora indica
-----r
74-
*
1
X
X
1
2
3
.................. [
1
X
Malle, Pedda malle

Nagamalli
Punagani, Punici
4
2
X
X
Mavalinga, Konda gilledu
Kale, Vana kale
Kalive
Pachaganneru
2
1
jl
1
X
2
2
X
X
Billa ganneru
Kolamuki, Kodisapala
Mamidi kommi
Reppala
X
X
2
4
.
Telia gilledu
Gilledu
Kundeti chevulu
Nimma tai
Telia eswari
Maredu kommulu
Podapatri
Sugandhapala
Yeddupullatheega
Dushtapaku, Zuttupaku
Chedupulla, Jamudukadalu
Palatheega
Chirupala
Kukkapala
2
2
"
' { *]
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
'
X
X
1
2
1
Slrychnos nux - vomica

Strychnos potatorum
Mushti
Palamusti
GENTIANACEAE (1)
Enicostemma axiliare
Gulividi, Golimidi
Hamsapadi
Nagadanti
Cordia dichotoma
Cordia waliichii
lEhretia pubescens
:
;
X
X
..
BORAGINACEAE (2)
, Coldema procumbens
Hehotropium mdicum
CORDIACEAE (3)
' Carmona retusa
i
Mekameyaniaku, Kukkapala
Galijeru
. Wattakaka volubilts
ILOGANIACEAE (2)
2
2
1
Pichika bira, Baranki
Iriki, Banka pandlu, Nakkera

Botavadi
Palle mirapa
2
4
3
3
Con
CONVOLVULACEAE (8)
Evolvulus aismoides
Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea carnea
ipomoea obscura
Ipomoea pes-caprae
Ipomoea violacea
Merremia tridentata
Rivea hypocrateriformis
SOLANACEAE (7)
Datura metal
Datura stramonium
Lycopersicon esculentum
Physatis minima
Solanum nigrum
Solanum surattense
Solanum trilobatum
SCROPHULARIACEAE (2)
Astakantha, Vishnukantha
Thutaku, Panjaku
Gramphonepuluchettu
Nallakokkira. Nalla thegada
Thutikada
Samudrapata
Elika chevulu
Boddi
;
j
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
X
x
.
+
j
__i_ ___
Naliaummetta
Tellaummetta
Tamata
Budda kakara
Kachi, Kamanchi
Pachavakudu, Pichivankaya
Mulla musti
....
I
X
X
X
X
2
1
_j
_________ i
1
;
1
Neruddi
PEDALIACEAE (2)
Pedalium murex
Yenugapalleru
Sesamum indicum
ACANTHACEAE (7)
Nuwulu
Andrographis paniculate
Asystasia gangetica
Barteria buxifolia
Elytrana acaulis
Hygrophila auriculata
Justicia adhatoda
Justicia nilgherrensis
'VERBENACEAE (11)
Nelavemu
Mettaku
Mullagorinta
Chepputhattaku
Neerugolimidi, Neerugobbi
Addasaramu
Addasaramu
Clerodendrum inerme
Clerodendrum phlomides
Gmelina asiatica
Lantana camara
I Phyla nodiflora
Premna latifolia
Pisangi
Thakkeda
Gummudu, Adavigummadi
Jerripothu chettu, Phali kampha
Bokkena
Pedda nellikura
Premna tomentosa
Symphorema involucratum
S Vitex altissima
Namari
Iskari
Kannekomari
Achyranthes aspera
Aerya lanata
; Altemanthera sessihs
| Amaranthus spinosus
Uttareni, Yerrauttreni
Pindikura
Ponnaganti
Mullathotakura
Chiriaku
1
.... 3......
X
X
X
X
1
1
1
J
1
X
X
X
X
X
i
1
X
X
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
X
X
Nemali adugu
IBoerhavia diffusa
iAMARANTHACEAE (8)
X
X
Vavili
Nemali adugu
Mogabira
Thummi
Sabja, Rudrajada
Tulasi
1
1
1
Dolichandrone atrovirens
tricolor
i Amaranthus
Kadapulla
Rathi hamsa
| Ocimum basilicum
I Ocimum tenuiflorum
jNYCTAGINACEAE (1)
......_______
X
Bacopa monnieri
Kickxia ramosissima
BIGNONIACEAE (1)
i Vitex negundo
l Vitex pinnata
ILAMIACEAE (4)
I Anisomeles malabanca
\Leucas aspera
Conte
1
Amaranthus vindis
Ceiosia argentea
Diqera muricata
Thotakura
Sitammajada
Chenchalaku
-r
_ x 1__X __
x
!
2
1
J__
BASELLACEAE (1)
Basella alba
TT
Gadida gadapa
Eswari, Tellaeswari
1
1
Pasitheega
Pulusumamidi
Naramamidi
2
1
Batchali
Chukkaku, Chukka kura
POLYGONACEAE (1)
Rumex vescicarius
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE (2)
Aristotochia bracteolata
Aristolochia indica
LAURACEAE (3)
Cassytha Worms
Utsea glutinosa
Utsea monopetala
HERNAND1ACEAE (1)
Gyrocarpus amencanus
ILORANTHACEAE (1)
! Dendrophthoe falcata
ISANTALACEAE (1)
| Santalum album
!eUPHORBIACEAE (25)
\Acatypha indica
Breynia vitis - idaea
Bridelia retusa
.Cleistanthus patulus
I Croton bonplandianum
; Croton kiotzschianus
; Drypetes sepiana
i Euphorbia hirta
Euphorbia nivutia
.Euphorbia timealii
i Givotia rottleriformis
| Jatropha curcas
Jatropha glandulifera
I Jatropha gossypifolia
Mallotus philippensis
Margantaria indica
Pedilanthus tithymatoides
Phyltanthus amarus
Phyllanthus emblica
Phyltanthus polyphyllus
Phyllanthus reticulatus
Ricinus communis
Secunnega leucopyrus
Suregada angus tifolia
Tragia plukenetii
Tanaku
Badanica
Chandanamu, Srigandham
Muripinda, Kuppinta
Nalla purugudu, Adavimunaga
Poramanu, Koramanu
Kodise
Vana chettu, Kirasanayulu chettu
Naragonji
Bira
Patcha botlu, Reddinanabalu
Akujemudu
Kadajamudu
Ponica
Telia dundigama
Telia dundigamu, Nela amudamu
Nepalamu, Yerra dundigamu
Nagarigandham, Kumkuma
Magabira
Gadda karagadu chettu, Kantapala
Nelaustri
Usiri, Nelli
Pulichinta
Nalla purugudu
Amudamu
Nalla bulugudu
Sapranji
Yerra duradagundaku
"1
2
1
4
2
1
X
X
X
X
1 H
1
3
1
2
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
2
X
X
X
X
URTICACEAE (1)
Pouzolzia zeylanica
Uchchagadda
MORACEAE (3)
Ficus benghalensis
Ficus microcarpa
i Ficus racemosa
Mam
Konda juwi, Billa juwi
Atti, Medi
3
1
2
X
X
(ULMACEAE (1)
'.Hoioptelea integrifoha
'cASUARINACEAE (1)
i
Casuarina equisetifolia
Thavisa
Sarugudu, Savuka
|AMARYLLIDACEAE (1)
'Crmum defixum
Chembugadda
Conte
HYPOXIDACEAE (1)
Curculigo orchioides
r
! 5
T> ------ r
7 j
8
------ L
-l~~ -
44.
......... J___
Nelathati
AGAVACEAE (2)
Agave amehcana
Sansevieria roxburghiana
DIOSCOREACEAE (2)
I Dioscorea oppositifolia
Dioscorea pentaphylla
Kittanara, Yenugakalabanda
Adavithegala, Adavisega
Yalta gadda
Iniedi gadda
2
2
____ L___ j
LILIACEAE (2)
Aloe vera
Asparagus racemosus
Gloriosa superba
Kalabanda
Pilli thigalu, Kappa gaddalu
Nabhi, Nagetipanatha gadda
X
X
2
1
2
COMMELINACEAE (2)
Comrrmlina benghalensis
Cyanotis tuberosa
Neetibotlu
Rudrajadalu
1
2
X
X
ARECACEAE (4)
jBorassus flabellifer
! Calamus rotang
jPhoenix farinifera
I Phoenix sylvestris
jPANDANACEAE (1)
Pandanus fasclcularis
That!
Pemu
Chittetha
Peddaetha
X
X
Mogili
2
X
TYPHACEAE (1)
Typha angustata
Jambu
ARACEAE (1)
Pistia-stratiotes
Antarathamara
2
1
....1.......1
APONOGETONACEAE (1)
\Aponogeton natans
Gittigaddalu
1 J
ICYPERACEAE (1)
Cyperus javanicus
Vidavali
POACEAE (7)
\ Aristide
adscensionis
; Anstida setacea
Arundo donax
Bambusa arundinacea
Cymbopogon coloratus
Cynodon dactylon
Vetiveria zizanioides
Chipuri gaddi
Chipuri gaddi
Kaki veduru
Bongu veduru
Boda gaddi
Garika
Vattiveru
X
X
1
2
2
Pilli adugu
Sanna jarripotu aku
X
X
X
X
PTERIOOHYTES
LYCOPODIACEAE (1)
Lycopodiella cernua
ADIANTACEAE (1)
Adiantum capillus-veneris
SCHiZAEACEAE (1)
Lygodium flexuosum
Adavi sidavari
POLYPODIACEAE (1)
Actinopteris radiata
Pitta adugu
GYMNOSPERMS
CYCADACEAE (1)
Cycas beddomi
Adavi etha
i
HI
TABLE 1B : CULTIVATED SPECIES OF ETHNOBOTANICAL IMPORTANCE
Si.
Name of the plant species !
No.
1
Abelmoschus esculentus
Malvaceae
| Benda
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Malvaceae
j Mandara
3.
Gossypium herbaceum
Malvaceae
Pratti
4.
Ceiba pentandra
Bombacoceae
Buruga
! Mi (Fruits)
Murraya koenigii
Rutaceae
Karivepaku
Ed (Leaves)
Anacardium occidentale
Anacardiaceae | Jeedi mamidi
Rosa indica
Rosaceae
Punica granatum
Punica ceae
Danimma
Ed (Fruits)
9
10
Fabaceae
Chikkudu
Ed (Fruits)
Dolichos iablab
Trigonella foenum-graecum
Fabaceae
Menthulu
i Ed (Seeds, leaves)
11.
: Terminalia catappa
Combretaceae
Badam
Jama
Ed (Fruits, Seeds)
* Ed (Fruits)
12
13
14
15.
16
Family
Local Name
! Roja
Use category
, Ed (Fruits)
Mi (Ornamental)
! Mi (Fruits)
Ed (Kernels)
' Mi (Ornamental)
Psidium guava
Myrtaceae
Carica papaya
Caricaceae
Boppayi
Ed (Fruits)
* Benincasa cerifera
Cucurbitaceae
Budida gummadi
Ed (Fruits)
I Luffa acutangula
Cucurbitaceae
Beera
I Ed (Fruits)
' Coriandrum sativum
Apiaceae
Daniyalu
! Ed (Leaves, Fruits)
Chamanthi
!
1
17
Chyrsanthermum indicum
Asteraceae
18
Tagetes patula
Asteraceae
19
Achrassapota
20
Mi (Ornamental
Banthi
! Mi (Ornamental
Sapotaceae
Sapota
| Ed (Fruits)
Nyctanthus arbor-tristis
Oleaceae
Parijatam
Mi (Ornamental
21
Jasmin um sambac
Oleaceae
Malli
Mi (Ornamental
22
Nerium oleander
Apocyanaceae
Ganneru
Mi (Ornamental
Apocyanaceae
Nandi vardhanam
Mi (Ornamental
23.
; Tabernemontana divaricata
24
Capsicum frutescens
Solanaceae
Mirapa
Ed (Fruits)
25.
Solanum melangena
Solanaceae
Vankaya
Ed (Fruits)
26
1 Musa paradisiaca
Musaceae
A rati
Ed/Mi (Fruits, leaves)
27
Palmae
Tenkaya
Co/Mi (Whole plant)
Cocos nucifera
TABLE : 2 PLANTS OF ETHNOBOTANICAL IMPORTANCE, CATEGORY-WISE

(EXCL. MEDICINAL)
1 EDIBLE
FRUITS
Alangium salvifolium
Annona reticulata
Annona squamosa
Benkara malabarica
Borassus flabellifer
Calamus rotang
Canthium dicoccum
Canthium parviflorum
Carissa carandas
Canssa spinarum
Catunaregum spmosa
Carmona retusa
Cissus vitiginea
Cocculus hirsutus
Cordia dichotoma
Diospyros chloroxylon
Diospyros exsculpta
Diospyros ferrea
Drypetes sepiaria
Eugenia bracteata
Ficus benghalensis
Ficus racemosa
Gardenia gummifera
Grewia flavescens
Grewia hirsuta
Grewia rhamnifolia
Guazuma ulmifolia
Hugonia mystax
Lantana camara
Limonia acidissima
Mangifera indica
Manilkara hexandra
Memecylon edule
Mimusops elengi
Pavetta indica
Phoenix farinifera
Phoenix sylvestre
Phyllanthus emblica
Physalis minima
Pitheceliobium dulce
Polyalthia cerasoides
Premna tomentosa
Pterolobium hexapetalum
Rhus mysorensis
Scutia myrtina
Secuhnega leucopyrus
Solanum nigrum
Syzygium alternifolium
Syzygium cumini
Tamarindus indica
Tarenna asiatica
Ziziphus mauhtiana
Ziziphus oenoptea
LATEX
Whghtia tinctona
GRAINS
Bambusa arundinacea
PICKLES FROM RAW FRUIT & TUBERS

Cappahs zeylanica
Canssa carandas
Citrus limon
Commiphora caudata
Ichnocarpus frutescens
Mangifera indica
Pamburus missionis
Phyllanthus emblica
Spondias pinnata
ROOTS
Cynodon dactylon
SEEDS, KERNELS & SEEDLINGS

Sesamum indicum
SPICES
Toddalia asiatica
STEM PITH
Cycas beddomi
TUBERS
Aponogeton natans
Cappahs grandis
Cayratia pedata
Dioscorea oppositifolia
Pueraha tuberosa
VEGETABLES
TENDER LEAVES & TWIGS
Abrus precatorius
Alternanthera sessilis
Amaranthus spinosus
Amaranthus thcolor
Amaranthus viridis
Asystasia gangetica
Basella alba
Bauhmia racemosa
Boerhavia diffusa
Capparis zeylanica
Casearia esculenta
Cassia fistula
Ceiosia argentea
Ceropegia bulbosa
Cissus quadranguiaris
Cleome gynandra
Commeiina bengaiensis
Derris scandens
Digera muricata
Eclipta prostrata
Glinus oppositifoiius
Hibiscus cannabinus
Indigofera cassioides
tpomea aquatica
Leucas aspera
Portulaca oleracea
Premna latifotia
Rumex vesica rius
Solarium nigrum
Trianthema portulacastrum
RAW & RIPEN FRUITS
Bauhinia racemosa
Canavalia insiformis
Capparis divaricata
Coccinia grandis
Dolichos trilobus
Lagenaria sicerana
Lycopersicon esculentum
Momordica charantia
Moringa pterygosperma
TUBERS
Ceropegia bulbosa
PULSES
II CONSTRUCTION
(Hut/house construction - agricultural
implements)
Acacia leucophloea
Aegle marmelos
Agave americana
Alangium salvifolium
Atalantia monophyila
Azadirachta indica
Bambusa arundmacea
Bauhinia racemosa
Bridelia retusa
Buchanania axillans
Canthium dicoccum
Casearia elliptica
Cassine glauca
Chloroxylon swietenia
Cleistanthus patulus
Combretum albidum
Cordia dichotoma
Cordia wallichii
Cymbopogon coloratus
Cyperus javanicus
Diospyros exsculpta
Diospyros ferrea
Ehretia pubescens
Ficus microcarpa
Gardenia resinifera
Guazuma ulmifolia
Haldinia cordifolia
Hardwickia binata
Helicteres isora
Hibiscus cannabinus
Holarrhena pubescens
Holoptelea integrifolia
Ipomoea carnea
Margaritaria indica
Mangifera indica
Manilkara hexandra
Memecylon edule
Morinda pubescens
Naringi alata
Naringi crenulata
Phoenix farinifera
Phoenix sylvestre
Pleurostylia opposita
Polyalthia cerasoides
Premna tomentosa
Rerocarpus santalinus
Santalum album
Shorea tumbuggaia
Sida acuta
Soymida febrifuga
Syzygium alternifolium
Syzygium cumini
Tamarindus indica
Tarenna asiatica
Terminalia arjuna
Terminalia chebula
Terminalia pallida
Thespesia populnea
Vitex altissima
Vitex pinnata
Wrightia tinctoria
Ziziphus mauritiana
Ziziphus xylopyrus
H! TECHNOLOGY
Acacia leucophloea
Azadirachta indica
Boswellia ovalifoliolata
Butea monosperma
Cassia auriculata
Commiphora caudata
Gardenia resinifera
Hardwickia binata
Indigofera tinctoria
Utsea glutinosa
Madhuca indica
Mallotus phiiippensis
Moringa pterygosperma
Phoenix sylvestre
Ricinus communis
Sesamum indicum
Sterculia urens
Terminalia arjuna
Toddalia asiatica
Ventilago denticulata
Ziziphus mauritiana
Ziziphus xylopyrus
IV. MISCELLANEOUS
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Bridelia retusa
Diospyros ferrea
Ehretia pubescens
Hardwiikia binata
Memecylon edule
Mangifera indica
Syzygium cumini
Tamarindus indica
Terminalia arjuna
Vitex altissima
Vitex pinnata
Ziziphus xylopyrus
BASKETS & FISH TRAPS
Arundo donax
Bambusa arundinacea
Calamus rotang
Phoenix farinifera
Phoenix sylveotre
BROOM STICKS
Aristida adscensionis
Aristida setacea
CATTLE FEED
Atylosia scarabaeoides
Cadaba fruticosa
Grewia rhamnifolia
Pleurostylia oppositifolia
Prosopis chilensis
Sarcostemma secamone
Sesbania sesban
Triumfetta rhomboidea
Tylophora indica
COMBS
Canthium dicoccum
Casearia elliptica
COMMERCIAL VALUE
Gloriosa superba (Fruits & Tubers)
Litsea monopetala (Stem bark)
Phoenix farinifera (Fruits)
Phoenix sylvestris (Fruits)
Terminalia chebula (Fruits)
COTS & FURNITURE
Azadirachta indica
Cordia dichotoma
Cordia wallichii
Gardenia resinifera
Guazuma ulmifolia
Haldina cordifolia
Morinda pubescens
Naringi alata
Premna tomentosa
Pterocarpus santalinus
Pterospermum canescens
Vitex altissima
Walsura trifolia
Wrightia tinctoria
DECORATION &
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
Barieria buxifolia
Calotropis gigante
Calophyllum inophyllum
Cardtospermum halicacabum
Cascabela thevetia
Cassia auriculata
Catharanthus roseus
Ciitorea ternatea
Crinum defixum
ipomoea carnea
Jasminum cuspidatum
Jasminum scandens
Leucas aspera
Mangifera indica
Murraya paniculata
Nelumbo nucifera
Nymphaea pubescens
Ocimum basilicum
Pandanus fascicularis
Pediianthus tithymaloides
Syzygium cumini
EVIL SPIRITS
Actinopteris radiata
Adiantum capillusyenensis
Begonia malabarica
Dicoma tomentosa
Gnaphalium polycaulon
Kickxia ramosissima
Lycopodiella cemua
Naravelia zeylanica
FIBRE
Agave americana
Bauhinia recemosa
Calotropis procera
Hibiscus cannabinus
Ichnocarpus frutescens
Sida acuta
Wrightia tinctoria
FIRE WOOD
Acacia leucophloea
Catunaregam spinosa
Gmelina asiatica
Prosopis chilensis
Ziziphus xylopyrus
FISH POISONING
Caseaha elliptica
Catunaregam spinosa
Cleistanthus patulus
Pachygone ovata
Strychnos nux-vomica
FOOT WEAR
Crataeva magna
Givotia rottleriformis
GREEN MANURE
Hardwickia binata
Sesbania sesban
MEAL PLATES
Butea monosperma
Rerospermum xylocarpum
Shorea tumtfaggaia
OTHERS
Ailanthus excelsa (Match box sticks;

Aloe vera (Black soot for eyelids)
Atalantia monophylla (Fire wood)
Bombax ceiba (Pillows & Wicks)
Canavalia ensiformis (Insect trap)
Cipadessa baccifera (stem bark in toddy)
Clerodendron inerme (Hedge plant)
Cordia dichotoma (Fire making)
Diospyros chloroxylon (Ploughs)
Ficus benghalensis (Tooth brush)
Givotia rottleriformis (Toys)
Gyrocarpus americanus (Country boats)
Hemidesmus indicus (Root extract in cool
drinks)
Lawponia inermis (Nail colouring)
Mar^kara hexandra (Grafting)
Pongamia pinnata (Hedge plant)
Prosopis cineraria (Sacred plant)
Sapindus emarginatus (Detergent)
Strychnos potatorum (Water purification)
Tinospora cordifolia (Aerial roots in toddy)
Typha angustata (Mats & umbrellas)
Vetiveria zizanioides (Mats)
TABLE 3: LIST OF PLANTS OF MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE

Mote The number of medicinal uses of a plant species were given in parantheses.
RANUNCULACEAE (1)
Naravelia zeylanica (2)
ANNONACEAE (3)
Annona reticulata (1)
Annona squamosa (1)
Polyalthia korinti (2)
MENISPERMACEAE (3)
Cissampelvs pareira (1)
Cocculus hirsutus (2)
Tinospora cordifolia (3)
NELUMBONACEAE (1)
Nelumbo nucifera (3)
PAPAVARACEAE (1)
Argemone mexicana (4)
CAPPARACEAE (7)
Cadaba fruticosa (1)
Cappaiis divaricata (1)
Capparis grandis (1)
Capparis rotundifolia (1)
Capparis sepiaria (2)

Capparis zeylanica (1)
Crataeva magna (1)
CLEOIVIACEAE (2)
Cleome gynandra (3)
Cleome viscosa (2)
VIOLACEAE (1)
Hybanthus enneaspermus (1)
MALVACEAE (7)
Abutilon indicum (2)
Hibiscus cannabinus (2)
Hibiscus platanifolius (1)
Hibiscus vitifolius (1)
Pavonia zeylanica (2)
Sida acuta (3)
Thespesia populnea (1)
STERCULIACEAE (2)
Hehcteres isora (2)
Sterculia urens (1)
TILIACEAE (1)
Grewia hirsuta (1)
LINACEAE (1)
Hugoma mystax (1)
ERYTHROXYLACEAE (1)
Erythroxylum monogynum (2)
2YGOPHYLLACEAE (1)
Tribulus terrestris (1)

RUTACEAE (9)
Aegle marmelos (4)

Atalantia monophylla (1)
Citrus limon (1)
Glycosmis pentaphylla (2)
Limonia acidissima (2)
Murraya paniculata (1)
Naringi alata (4)
Naringi crenuiata (1)
Toddalia asiatica (3)
SIMAROUBACEAE (1)
Ailanthus excelsa (3)
BURSERACEAE (2)
Boswellia ovalifoliolata (1)
Commiphora caudata (1)
MELIACEAE (5)
Azadirachta indica (7)
Cipadessa baccifera (1)
Melia azedarach (4)
Soymida febrifuga (3)
Walsura trifolia (2)
FLINDERSIACEAE (1)
Chloroxylon swietenia (1)
OLACACEAE (1)
Ximenia americana (1)
RHAMNACEAE (3)
Ventilago denticulata (1)
Ziziphus mauritiana (2)
Ziziphus oenoplia (1)
VITACEAE (3)
Cayratia pedata (1)
Cissus quadrangularis (2)
Cissus vitiginea (1)
SAPINDACEAE (3)
Cardiospermum halicacabum (3)
Dodonaea angustifolia (2)
Sapindus emarginatus (1)
ANACARDIACEAE (4)
Buchanania axillaris (2)
Lannea coromandelica (1)
Mangifera indica (3)
Rhus mysorensis (2)
MORINGACEAE (1)
Mohnga pterygosperma (4)
FABACEAE (18)
Abrus precatorius (4)
Atylosia scarabaeoides (1)
Butea monosperma (2)
Canavalia ensiformis (1)
Clitorea ternatea (2)
Dalbergia paniculata (2)
Derris scandens (2)
tndigofera aspalathoides (2)
Indigofera cassioides (1)
Melilotus indica (1)
Pongamia pinnata (3)
Pterocarpus marsupium (1)
Pueraria tuberosa (1)
Rhynchosia minima (1)
Rhynchosia suaveolens (1)
Sophora interrupta (1)
Tephrosia purpurea (4)
Tephrosia villosa (2)
CAESALPINIACEAE (8)
Bauhinia racemosa (1)
Caesalpinia bonduc (3)
Cassia auriculata (3)
Cassia fistula (2)
Cassia italica (2)
Cassia occidentalis (1)
Pterolobium hexapetalum (1)
Tamarindus indica (2)
MIMOSACEAE (8)
Acacia leucophloea (2)
Acacia torta (1)
Albizia amara (1)
Dichrostachys cinerea (2)
Mimosa pudica (1)
Pithecellobium dulce (2)
Prosopis chilensis (1)
Prosopis cineraria (2)
COMBRETACEAE (3)
Anogeissus latifolia (1)
Combretum albidum (1)
Terminalia chebula (2)
Terminalia pallida (3)
MYRTACEAE (2)
Eugenia bracteata (1)
Syzygium cuminj (2)
LYTHRACEAE (2)
Ammania multiflora (1)
Lawsonia inermis (A)
PASSIFLORACEAE (1)
Passiflora foetida (1)
CUCURBITACEAE (4)
Citrullus colocynthis (3)

Coccinia grandis (1)
Momordica charantia (3)
Trichosanthes cucumerina (3)
MOLLUGiNACEAE (1)
Glinus oppositifolius (1)
APIACEAE (1)
Centella asiatica (3)
ALANGIACEAE (1)
Alangium salvifolium (2)
RUBIACEAE (11)
Benkara malabarica (1)
Canthium parviflorum (1)
Catunaregam spinosa (1)
Gardenia resinifera (1)
Haldinia cordifolia (1)
Hedyotis corymbosa (1)
Hedyotis puberula (2)
ixora arborea (1)
Knoxia sumatnensis (1)
Morinda pubescens (1)
Pavetta indica (1)
ASTERACEAE (7)
Blumea membranacea (1)
Echinops echinatus (1)
Eclipta prostrata (5)
Emilia sonchifolia (1)
Sphaeranthus indicus (4)
Tridax procumbens (1)
Xanthium indicum (2)
PLUMBAGINACEAE (1)
Plumbago zeylanica (2)
SAPOTACEAE (1)
Madhuca indica (2)
EBENACEAE (1)
Diospyros chloroxylon (1)
OLEACEAE (2)
Jasminum scandens (3)
Linocierp zeylanica (3)
APOC|0IACEAE (6)
A!stoma $cholaris (2)
Carissa spinarum (1)
Cascabela thevetia (1)
Catharanthus roseus (1)
Holarrhena pubescens (4)
Wrightia tinctoria (3)
ASCLEPIADACEAE (15)
Calotropis gigantea (6)
Calotropis procera (2)
Caralluma adscendens (2)
Ceropegia candelabrum (1)
Decalepis hamiltonii (1)

Gymnema sylvestre (2)
Hemidesmus indicus (4)
Pentatropis capensis (1)
Perguiaria daemia (2)
Secamone emetica (1)
Sarcostemma acidum (2)
Sarcostemma secamone (1)
Tyiophora fasciculata (1)
Tylophora indica (3)
Wattakaka volubilis (1)
LOGANIACEAE (2)
Strychnos nux-vomica (4)
Strychnos potatorum (3)
GENTIANACEAE (1)
Enicostemma axillare (2)
BORAGINACEAE (2)
Coldenia procumbens (3)
Heliotropium indicum (2)
CORDIACEAE (4)
Carmona retusa (1)
Cordia dichotoma (2)
Cordia wallichii (1)
Ehretia pubescens (1)
CONVOLVULACEAE (6)
Evolvulus alsinoides (2)
Ipomoea obscure (1)
Ipomoea pes-capre (1)
Ipomoea violacea (1)
Merremia tridentata (1)
Rivea hypocrateriformis (1)
SOLANACEAE (6)
Datum metal (2)
Datura stramonium (1)
Physalis minima (2)
Solanum nigmm (1)
Solanum surattense (3)
Solanum trilobatum (2)
SCROPHULARIACEAE (1)
Bacopa monnieri (1)
BIGNONIACEAE (1)
Dolichandrone atrovirens (1)
PEDALIACEAE (2)
Pedalium murex (1)
Sesamum indicum (1)
ACANTHACEAE (7)
Andrographis paniculate (4)
Asystasia gangetica (1)
Barieria buxifolia (1)
Elytraria acaulis (2)
Hygrophila auriculata (2)
Justicia adhatoda (4)

Justicia nilgherrensis (1)
VERBENACEAE (8)
Clerodendrum inerme (3)
Clerodendmm phlomides (1)
Gmelina asiatica (1)
Lantana camara (1)
Phyla nodiflora (1)
Premna tomentosa (2)
Symphorema involucratum (2)
Vitex negundo (2)
LAMIACEAE (4)
Anisomeles malabarica (2)
Leucas aspera (2)
Ocimum basilicum (3)
Ocimum tenuiflorum (5)
NYCTAGINACEAE (1)
Boerhavia diffusa (3)
AMARANTHACEAE (5)
Achyranthes aspera (6)
Aerva lanata (1)
Altemanthera sessilis (1)
Amaranthus spinosus (2)
Celosia argentea (1)
BASELLACEAE (1)
Basella alba (1)
POLYGONACEAE (1)
Rumex vesicarius (1)
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE (2)
Aristolochia bracteolata (3)
Aristolochia indica (3)
LAURACEAE (2)
Cassytha filiformis (2)
Litsia glutinosa (1)
LORANTHACEAE (1)
Dendrophthoe falcata (1)
SANTALACEAE (1)
Santalum album (1)
EUPHORBIACEAE (21)
Breynia vitis-idaea (2)
Bridelia retusa (1)
Croton bonplandianum (1)
Croton klotzschianus (1)
Euphorbia hirta (1)
Euphorbia nivulia (4)
Euphorbia tirucalli (2)
Jatropha curcas (2)
Jatropha gossypifolia (2)
Jatropha glandulifera (3)
Maliotus philippensis (2)
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (2)
Phyllanthus amarus (3)

Phyllanthus emblica (3)
Phyllanthus polyphyllus (1)
Phyllanthus neticulatus (1)
Ricinus communis (2)
Securinega leucopyrns (1)
Suregada angustifolia (1)
Tragia plukenetii (1)
URTICACEAE (1)
Pouzolzia zeylanica (1)
ULMACEAE (1)
Holoptelea integrifolia (1)
MORACEAE (3)
Ficus benghalensis (3)
Ficus microcarpa (2)
Ficus racemosa (5)
AMARYLLIDACEAE (1)
Crinum defixum (3)
HYPOXIDACEAE (1)
Curculigo orchioides (3)
AGAVACEAE (2)
Agave americana (1)
Sansevieria roxburghiana (1)
LILiACEAE (3)
Aloe vera (2)
Asparagus racemosus (2)
Glonosa superba (1)
COMMELINACEAE (2)
Commelina benghalensis (1)
Cyanotis tuberosa (1)
RANDANACEAE (1)
Pandanus fascicularis (1)
ARACEAE (1)
Pistia stratiotes (4)
POACEAE (1)
Vetiveha zizanioides (1)
SCHIZAEACEAE (1)
Lygodium flexuosum (1)
indica, common in the district is a source of income for rural communities.
The fruit
pickles of nine specie^ including Capparis zeylanica, Carissa carandas, Phyllanthus

emblica are well cherished by the tribals and rural communities.
The raw tubers of
Aponogeton natans, Capparis grandis, Dioscorea pentaphylla are taken by the tribals
during famine
The tubers of Pueraria tuberosa are fetch a good income to tribals in
urban market.
The tender leaves and twigs of 3 species are used as vegetables by the local
communities. Ten other plant species are confined to forests are exclusively used by
the tribals alone. The most cherished leafy vegetable by the tribals is Erythroxyium
monogynum. The remaining 21 species are encountered in and around the village
cultivated fields, field hedges and waste lands. The most important speices under this
category are Amaranthus spp, Aiternanthera sessilis, Baselia alba, Boerhavia diffusa,
Portulaca oleracea and Trianthema portulacastrum. Instead of taking cultivated pulses,
the tribals of near by forests prefer the seeds of Rhyncosia suoveolens owing to their
taste.
PLANTS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSE

A total of 70 species are used for construction purpose. The most important
species for making house posts and beams include Shorea tumbaggaia, Chloroxylon
swietenia, Cassine glauca, Borassus flabellifer and Atalantia monophylla.
However,
;Casuarina equisetifolia is preferred by the local communities of coastal areas.
The
culm of Bambusa arundinacea is the best preferred material for roof skeleton of huts by
the tribals. The leaves of Borassus flabellifer are widely used by the tribal and rural
communities for thatching huts.
The culms of Cyperus javanicus and Cymbopogon
coloratus are also used for thatching of huts in some tribal belts. Fibre obtained from
Helicteres isora, Bauhinia racemosa, Agave americana and Sansveria roxburghiana is
used in hut construction.
The mucous obtained from Aegle marmelos is used in
construction of walls of drinking water wells in Venkatagiri area. The twigs of Tarerma
asiatica and Ipomoea carnea are preferred for fencing purpose in tribal hamlets.
153
PLANTS WITH TECHNOLOGICAL USES

Only 28 plant species in the district are known to have technological value. The
yellow dye from the root bark of Toddalia asiatica and flowers of Butea monosperma;
red dye from fruits and seeds of Mallotus philippensis have potential market value.
This material collected by the tribals from the forests are widely used for dyeing and
printing fabrics
Blue dye from the stems and leaves of Indigofera tinctoria is locally
used for whitening the cloth material.

The gum yielded from Sterculia urens, Cochlospermum religiosum, Boswellia
ovalifoliata. Lannaea coramandelica, collected by the tribals is having good market
value and is sold to Girijan co-operative corporation, Nellore (Appendix - VII). The oil
extracted from the seeds of Ricinus communis and Sesamum indica is used in country
lamps mostly by the tribals. The country liquor made from the flowers of Madhuca
\
indica and today from Phoenix spp. is also sold locally by the local communities for their
income. The bark of Cassia aunculata, Ziziphus spp. and Buchanania axillaris, used for
tanning the leather is also have a good market value.
MEDICINAL PLANTS
Of the 338 species of ethnobotanical importance, 255 belonging to 81 genera
and 71 families are known to have medicinal value.
All the species of medicinal
importance are provided in Table 3. The medicinal plant species with equvalent local,
Sanskrit and English names are provided in Appendix V. Seventeen families include 5
or more medicinal plant species. The largest family is Euphorbiaceae with 21 species
%
followed by Fabaceae (18 species), Asclepiadaceae (15), Rubiaceae (11), Rutaceae
(9), Caesalpiniacee, Mimosaceae and Verbenaceae (8), Capparaceae, Malvaceae,
Asteraceae and Solanaceae (6), Meliaceae and Amaranthaceae with 5 speices. The
largest genus is Capparis representing 5 species. The other larger genera are Cassia
and Phyllanthus with 4 species; Hibiscus, Ipomoea, Solanum, Euphorbia, Jatropha and
Ficus with 3 species.
Informants And Their Knowledge On Medicinal Plants
Despite sincere efforts to identify large number of informants, the investigator
could able to identify only 99 from different localities in the district.The investigator
154
consulted 99 informants including 66 herbalists for collecting the information on

medicinal plants (Appendix - II).
Except with 4 educated herbalists all other 62
i .
herbalists gained their knowledge through their ancestors. The group-wise breakup of
the informants, their gender and age are as follows:
Age group
Number
Male
Female
76
54
22
Yerukula
07
01
06
Folklore
16
15
01
Informant category :
Yanadi
Total
99
70
51-70
> 70
31
36
10
51
<25 I 26-50
29
38
From ^he above information it is very clear that the young generation below 25
years are unaware of the ethnobotanical knowledge especially in tribals. Further more
than 60% of the tribal informants are aged over 50 years. This confirms the disinterest
and reluctance of younger generation to acquire the traditional knowledge either for
their livelihood or for serving their own people. This may be due to the employment of
varied kind in the near by urban areas for their sustenance. Hence, most of the
ethnobotanical knowledge is confined to aged people.
An analysis of the knowledge of the informants revealed that yanadis are still
well versed with traditional ethnobotanical knowledge.
piedicinal plants were known to yanadis.
A total of 320 uses regarding
Of these, 240 are exclusive for the tribe,.
This usage accounts to over 75% of the total medicinal uses from ^the district.
The
folklore informants know as many as 91 uses of medicinal plants. VV^Yerukulas are

aware of only 20 uses. Yanadi and folklore given the same 63 uses regarding certain
medicinal plants. Yanadi and Yerukula are equally knowledgeable regarding 7 uses of
certain medicinal plants. The information regarding 3 same uses of certain medicinal
plants was provided by Yerukula and folklore information.
Diseases dealt
A total of 75 diseases were known to be cured/treated/prevented with the usage
of 255 medicinal plant species.
Table 4 provides the plants of medicinal importance
155
TABLE 4: PLANTS OF MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE, DISEASE-WISE

(WITH PLANT PARTS USED)
ABORTIF AGENTS
Calotropis procera (latex)

Cynodon dactylon (roots / rhizomes)
Plumbago zeylanica (roots)
ANAEMIA
Phyllanthus emblica (fruits)
ANTIDOTE TO SCORPION STING /
CENTIPEDE BITE
Achyranthes aspea (leaves)
Chloroxylum swietenia (stem bark)
Heliotropium indicum (leaves)
Ixora arborea (root bark)
Leucas aspera (leaves)
Moringa pterygosperma (gum)
Tamarindus indica (seeds)
ANDIDOTE TO SNAKE BITE
Achyranthes aspera (seeds)
Andrographis paniculata (leaves)
Aristolochia bracteolata (leaves)
Aristolochia indica (roots)
Calotropis gigantea (leaves)
Ceropegia candelabrum (roots)
Cissampelos pahera (stem, roots)
Croton klotzschianus (stem bark)
Glycosmis pentaphylla (roots)
Hedyotis puberula (leaves)
Hugonia mystax (root bark)
Jasminum scandens (roots)
Murraya paniculata (root bark)
Naringi alata (stem bark)
Polyalthia kohnti (root bark)
Premna tomentosa (roots)
Sansevieha roxburghiana (leaves)
Sarcostemma acidum (stem)
S/da acuta (leaves)
Strychnos nux-vomica (root bark)
Strychnos potatorum (stem bark)
Tylophora indica (leaves)
Wattakaka volubilis (roots)
Ziziphus mauritiana (stem bark)
ANTIDIABETICS
Ficus benghalensis (stem bark)
Ficus racemosa (stem bark)
Gymnema sylvestre (leaves)
Melia azedarach (leaves)
Momordica charantia (fruits & leaves)
Pterocarpus marsupium (stem bark)
Syzygium cumini (seeds)

Tinospora cordifolia (leaves)
ANTIDYSENTERICS
Aegle marmelos (raw frutis)
Andrographis paniculata (entire plant)
Asparagus racemosus (tuberous roots)
Cassia fistula (fruits)
Canthium parviflorum (root bark)
Cyanotis tuberosa (tubers)
Euphorbia hirta (entire plant)
Evolvulus alsinoides (roots)
Holarrhena pubescens (stem bark)
Hybanthus enneaspermus (entire plant)
Lawsonia inermis (seeds)
Limonia acidissima (gum)
Lygodium fluxuosum (fresh twigs)
Pistia stratiotes (leaves)
Prosopis cineraria (stem bark)
Rhynchosia minima (cotyledons)
Sida acuta (leaves)
Tylophora indica (roots)
Ziziphus oenoplia (stem bark)
ANTIPYRETICS
Abutilon indicum (roots)
Aegle marmelos (root bark)
Ailanthus excelsa (stem bark)
Ammania multiflora (entire plant)
Anisomeles malabarica (leaves)
Azadirachta indica (stem bark)
Barleria buxifolia (leaves)
Capparis sepiaria (root bark)
Celosia argentea (seeds)
Centella asiatica (leaves)
Citrullus colocynthis (roots)
Clitoria tematea (leaves)
Cordia wallichii (fruits)
Dichrostachys cinerea (stem bark)
Justicia adhatoda (roots)
Justicia niigherrensis (leaves)
Pavonia zeylanica (roots)
Pithecellobium dulce (stem bark)
Sida acuta (roots)
Solanum thlobatum (stem bark)
Solanum surettense (stem bark)
Soymida febrifuga (stem bark)
Suregada angustifolia (roots)
Toddalia asiatica (root bark)
Vetiveria zizanioides (roots)

Vitex negundo (leaves)
Xanthium indicum (roots)
APHRODISIAC
Boenhavia diffusa (tuberous roots)
Capparis grandis (tuberous roots)
Curculigo orchioides (tubers)
Hygrophila auriculata (seeds)
Litsea glutinosa (roots)
Nelumbo nucifera (seeds)
Phyllanthus emblica (seeds)
Pueraria tuberosa (tubers)
ASTHMA
Aegle marmelos (leaves)
Caesalpinia bonduc (leaves)
Hedyotis puberula (leaves)
Justicia adhatoda (fruits)
Mangifera indica (leaves)
BODY PAINS & SWELLINGS
Abrus precatorius (leaves)
Agave americana (leaves)
Alangium saivifoiium (stem bark)
Anisomeles malabarica (entire plant)
Benkara malabarica (leaves & roots)
Boerhavia diffusa (tuberous roots)
Buchanania axillaris (gum)
Calotropis procera (leaves)
Cleome viscosa (leaves)
Crinum defixum (bulbs)
Dodonaea angustifolia (leaves)
Echinops echinatus (roots)
Enicostemma axillare (entire plant)
Ipomoea violacea (leaves)
Pavetta indica (leaves)
Rhus mysorensis (roots)
Ricinus communis (leaves)
Rivea hypocrateriformis (leaves)
Toddalia asiatica (roots and fruits)
BOILS, BLISTERS & TUMOURS
Amaranthus spinosus (leaves)
Cardiospermum halicacabum (entire plant)
Coldenia procumbens (entire plant)
Datura metal (leaves)
Datura stramonium (leaves)
Ficus racemosa (tender leaves)
Heliotropium indicum (entire plant)
Hemidesmus indicus (roots)
Holoptelea integrefolia (stem bark)

Jasminum scandens (leaves)
Jatropha gossypifolia (latex)

Justicia adhatoda (leaves)
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (leaves)
Pergularia daemia (leaves)
Phyla nodiflora (entire plant)
Physalis minima (leaves)
Plumbago zeylanica (stem bark)
Strychnos potatorum (seeds)
BLOOD PRESSURE
Catharanthus roseus (roots)
BLOOD PURIFIER
BONE FRACTURE
Cassia italica (leaves)
Cissus quadrangularis (cuttings)
Cordia dichotoma (stem bark)
CANCEROUS AFFECTIONS
CHOLERA
Andrographis paniculata (whole plant)
CONTRA CEPTIVE
Dodonaea angustifolia (seeds)
COUGH AND COLD
Abrus precatorius (leaves)
Acacia torta (leaves)
Aloe vera (leaves)
Anogeissus latifolia (stem bark)
Justicia adhatoda (leaves)
Nelumbo nucifera (roots)
Ocimum basilicum (leaves)
Ocimum tenuiflorum (leaves)
Pavonia zeylanica (leaves)
Phyllanthus amarus (entire plant)
Polyalthia korinti (leaves)
Solanum surattense (roots)
Sphaeranthus indicus (entire plant)
Terminalia pallida (fruits)
Tinospora cordifolia (roots)
Ziziphus mauritiana (stem bark)
CUTS, INJURIES AND WOUNDS
Alstonia scholaris (latex)
Calotropis gigantea (roots)
Cissus vitiginea (stem bark)
Coccinia grandis (roots)
Coldenia procumbens (entire plant)
Commiphora caudata (gum)
Dendrophthoe falcata (leaves)

Eiytraria acaulis (leaves)
Emilia sonchifolia (leaves)
Grewia hirsuta (roots)
Jatropha glandulifera (latex)
Knoxia sumatrensis (leaves)
Lantana camara (leaves)
Linociera zeylanica (stem bark)
Mallotus philippensis (fruits)
Pithecellobium dulce (leaves)
Prosopis chilensis (leaves)
Tridax procumbens (leaves)
EPILEPSY
Bacopa monnien (entire plant)

FILARIA
Achyranthes aspera (leaves)

Curculigo orchioides (tubers)
Clerodendrum phlomides (leaves)
Eclipta prostrata (entire plant)
Tephrosia purpurea (roots)
Tephrosia villosa (roots)
FOOT CRACKS (HEEL CRACKS)
Dalbergia paniculata (leaves)

Ficus benghalensis (latex)
GALACTAGOGUE
DANDRUFF
Asparagus racemosus (tuberous roots)
Albizia amara (leaves)

Catunaregam spinosa (fruits)
Datura metal (fruits)
Gmelina asiatica (fruits)
indigofera aspalathoides (entire plant)
Sapindus emarginatus (fruits)
GASTRIC TROUBLE
Naringi alata (fruit pulp)
GREY HAIR
Terminalia pallida (seed oil)
GRIPES
HEAD ACHE AND MIGRAINE
Argemone mexicana (seeds)
Atalantia monophylla (root bark, seeds)
Azadirachta indica (seed oil)
Capparis rotundifolia (roots)
Madhuca indica (seeds)
Momordica charantia (leaves)
Passiflora foetida (leaves)
HEAD LICE
Annona squamosa (seeds)
Azadirachta indica (seeds)
HEART DISEASES
Aegle marmelos (stem bark)
HYDROCELE
Alangium salvifolium (leaves)
Caesaipinia bonduc (seeds)
JAUNDICE
Eclipta prostrata (leaves)
Hedyotis corymbosa (roots)
Lawsonia inermis (leaves)
Melilotus indica (roots)
Morinda pubescens (stem bark)
Pergulaha daemia (leaves)
Phyllanthus amarus (entire plant)
Prosopis cineraria (stem bark)
Tinospora cordifolia (fruits)
LEPROSY
Abutilon indicum (roots)
Aristolochia indica (roots)
Azadirachta indica (seed oil)
DEPILATORY
Cassytha filiformis (entire plant)

Symphorema involucratum (leaves)
DIAPHORIS & BURNS
Santalum album (wood)
DIARRHOEA
Aegle marmelos (raw fruits)
Cynodon dactylon (entire plant)
Diospyros chloroxylon (leaves)
Limonia acidissima (gum)
Madhuca indica (stem bark)
Mangifera indica (stem resin)
Soymida febrifuga (stem bark)
Terminalia pallida (stem bark)
DROPSY
Achyranthes aspera (entire plant)
Cadaba fruiticosa (leaves)
Citrullus colocynthis (fruit)
Euphorbia nivulia (root bark)
EARACHE
Acalypha indica (leaves)
Alstonia scholaris (latex)
Calotropis gigantea (latex)
Cardiospermum halicacabum (leaves)
Cleome gynandra (leaves)
Crinum defixum (leaves)
Helicteres isora (fruits)
Ocimum basilicum (leaves)
Caralluma adscendens (stem)

Centella astatica (entire plant)
C/eome gynandra (entire plant)
Jasminum scandens (roots)
LEUKORRHOEA
Unociera zeylanica (roots)

Mangifera indica (stem bark)
MENORRHAGIA
Argemone mexicana (roots)

Mangifera indica (stem bark)
Tamanndus indica (stem bark)
MENSTRUAL DISORDERS
Cordta dichoioma (stem bark)
Holarrhena pubescens (root bark)
MOUTH AND THROAT ULCERS
Abrus precatorius (tender leaves)
Breynia vitis - idaea (roots)
Jatropha curcas (leaves)
Wrightia tinctoria (latex)
MOSQUITO MENACE
Croton bonplandianum (shoot)
NERVOUS WEAKNESS
Centella asiatica (leaves)
NIGHT BLINDNESS
Moringa pterygosperma (tender leaves)
OPHTHALMIC DISEASES
Aloe vera (leaves)
Argemone mexicana (latex)
Leucas aspera (leaves and flowers)
Terminalia chebula (fruits)
PARALYSIS
Jatropha glandulifera (seed oil)
Moringa pterygosperma (stem bark)
Strychnos nux-vomica (leaves)
PILES
Blumea membranacea (leaves)
Jatropha glandulifera (roots)
Nelumbo nucifera (tender leaves)
Pandanus fascicularis (stem tip)
Sesamum indicum (seeds)
Wrightia tinctoria (stem bark)
PURGATIVES (CONSTIPATION)
Acalypha indica (roots)
Boerhavia diffusa (roots)
Butea monosperma (seeds)
Cascabela thevetia (stem bark)
Cassia italica (leaves)

Citruilus colocynthis (entire plant)
Clitoria tematea (roots)
Crinum defixum (roots)
Euphorbia nivulia (leaves)
Euphorbia tirucalli (latex)
Hibiscus cannabinus (leaves)
Ipomoea obscura (roots)
Ipomoea pes-capre (leaf)
Naringi alala (roots)
Phyllanthus polyphyllus (stem bark)
Pistia stratiotes (roots)
Rumex vesicarius (leaves)
Terminalia chebula (fruits)
Trichosanthes cucumerina (roots)
RABIES
Achyranthes aspera (spike with flowers)

Pongamia pinnata (roots)
REFRIGERANTS
Citrus limon (fruits)
Cocculus hirsutus (leaves)
Hibiscus platanifolius (gum)
Ocimum basilicum (seeds)
Pueraria tuberosa (tubers)
Santalam album (wood)
Sterculia urens (gum)
Tribulus terrestris (entire plant)
RHEUMATIC PAINS
Breynia vitis-idaea (leaves)
Clerodendrum inerme (roots)
Clitoria tematea (leaves)
Dalbergia paniculata (leaves)
Denis scandens (tuberous roots)
Dodonaea angustifolia (leaves)
Euphorbia nivulia (leaves)
Naringi crenulata (stem bark)
Strychnos nux-vomica (fruits)
SKIN DISEASES
Acalypha indica (leaves)
Argemone mexicana (latex)
Aristolochia indica (leaves)
Azadirachta indica (leaves)
Capparis divaricata (leaves)
Cassia fistula (stem bark)
C/eome gynandra (leaves)
Capparis divaricata (leaves)
C/eome gynandra (leaves)
Clerodendrum inerme (tender shoots)
Dichrostachys cinema (tender leaflets)

Ehretia pubescens (leaves)
Enicostemma axillare (entire plant)
Ficus microcarpa (stem bark)
Gloriosa superba (tuberous roots)
Glinus oppositifoiius (entire plant)
Helicteres isora (fruits)
Hibiscus cannabinus (tender leaves)
Hibiscus vitifolius (leaves)
Jatropha gossypifolia (leaves)
Mimosa pudica (leaves)
Momordica charantia (twig)
Pongamia pinnata (fruit, seeds)
Sphaeranthus indicus (entire plant)
Tephrosia viltosa (tender twigs & roots)
Thespesia populnea (fruits)
Tragia plukenetti (roots)
Ventilago denticulata (root bark)
SPRAINS
Cassia occidertalis (leaves)

Vitex negundo (leaves)
STOMACHACHE - ULCERS / INTESTINE
ULCERS
Aiternanthera sessilis (leaves)
Asystasia gangetica (leaves)
Baselia alba (leaves)
Canavalia ensiformis (fruits)
Capparis zeylanica (root bark)
Cassytha filiformis (entire plant)
Centeila asiatica (leaves)
Coldenia procumbens (leaves)
Eiytmria acaulis (roots)
Euphorbia tirucalli (roots)
Evolvulus alsinoides (entire plant)
Glycosmis pentaphylla (root bark)
Gymnema sylvestre (roots)
Indigofera cassioides (roots)
Lannea coromandelica (stem bark, leaves)
Limonia acidissima (leaves)
Phyllanthus amarus (leaves and roots)
Sarcostemma acidum (roots)
Solanum nigrum (leaves)
Sphaeranthus indicus (roots)
Toddalia asiatica (leaves)
Trichosanthes cucumehna (seeds)
TOOTHACHE
Achyranthes aspera (roots)
Calotropis gigantea (latex)
Caralluma adscendens (stem)
Cassia auhculata (stem cuttings)

Eclipta prostrata (stem cuttings)
Ficus benghalensis (latex)
Ficus microcarpa (prop roots)
Indigofera aspalathoides (roots)
Jatropha curcas (stem cuttings)
Naraveiia zeylanica (stem cuttings)
Rhus mysorensis (stem cuttings)
Ricinus communis (seed oil)
Solanum surattense (seeds)
Solanum thlobatum (fruits)
Xanthium indicum (roots)
TONSILS & SORE THROAT
Abrus precatohus (tender leaves)

Eugenia bracteata (roots)
URINARY DISORDERS
Aerva lanata (roots)

Amamnthus spinosus (roots and leaves)
Bridelia mtusa (stem bark)
Cardiospermum halicacabum (roots)
Crataeva magna (stem bark)
Ficus racemosa (latex)
Hygrophila auhculata (roots)
Mermmia reticuiatus (leaves)
Phyllanthus mticulatus (leaves and roots)
Physalis minima (roots)
Pouzolzia zeylanica (roots)
Thbulus termsths (entire plant)
VENEREAL DISEASES
Abrus pmcatohus (leaves)
Carmona retusa (roots)
Cocculus hirsutus (roots)
Clerodendrum inerme (leaves)
Curculigo orchioides (roots)
Pedalium mumx (leaves & fruits)
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (latex)
Walsura thfolia (stem bark)
VOMITING
Cassia auhculata (flowers)
Decalepis hamiltoni (root)
Phyllanthus emblica (fruits)
Secamone emetica (leaves)
WEAKNESS IN CHILDREN (TONICS)
Cayratia pedata (tuberous roots)
Cipadessa baccifera (leaves)
Commelina benghalensis (leaves)
Gardenia rasinefera (resin / gum)
Tylophora fasciculata (roots)

WHOOPING COUGH
Butea monosperma (seeds)
Pongamia pinnata (fruit / seeds)
Pterolobium hexapetalum (stem bark)
WORMS IN THE STOMACH AND
INTESTINE
Annona reticulata (fruits)
Erythroxylum monogynum (leaves)
Holarrhena pubescens (seeds)
Mallotus philippensis (fruits)
Melia azedarach (roots)
Moringa pterygosperma (stem bark)

Sphaeranthus indicus (seeds)
VETERINARY
Acacia leucophloea (root bark)

Atylosia scarabaeoides (tender shoots)
Capparis sepiaria (stem bark / root bark)
Combretum albidum (leaves)
Naravelia zeyianica (tender twigs)
Pentatropis capensis (stem)
Premna tomentosa (leaves)
Sarcostemma secamone (leaves)
Ximenia americana (leaves)
disease-wise with plant parts used.
The description for each disease is provided in
Appendix VI. A maximum of 32 plant species are used for curing different skin
diseases, followed by 27 species for fever, 24 as antidote to snake bite and 22 species
for stomach ache.
Only a single plant species is available for treating
anaemia(Phyllanthudjemblica), blood pressure (Catharanthus roseus), blood impurities
(Hemidesmus indicus), cancerous affection (Ficus racemosa), cholera(Andrographis
paniculate),
contraception (Dodonaea angustifoiia), diaphoris (Santalum album),
epilepsy(Bacopa monnien),galaciagogue(Asparagus racemosus),gastric trouble(A/armg/

alata), gnpes(An'stolochia bracteolata), heart disease(Aeg/e marmelos), mosquito
menace (Croton bonplandianum)ar\d nervous weakness(Centella asiatica). These 14
species are indispensable non substitutable medicinal resources for the above
diseases in the district according to the information obtained in the present study.
\
Of the 24 species used as antidotes to snake bite Aristolochia endica is

considered most effective, throughout the district. Gymnema sylvestre is widely used
for diabetes.
Tîophora indica and Caf^jsalpinia bonj&duc are used commonly for
asthmatic relief,
me leaves of Pithecellobium dulce are considered quite effective in
sealing cuts and injuries. The latex of Calotropis gigantia is used both by tribal and
rural communities for earache. Of the 9 plant species used for Jaundice Phyllanthus
amarus was reported to be most effective.
Cordia dichotoma is preferred by tribal
women to get relief from menstrual disorders. Pongamia pinnate fruits and seeds are
best known to the tribals for getting relief from whooping cough.
Table 5 provides the details of the species used in conjunction for preparing
crude drug combinations. A combination of 17 plant species are administered orally as
a decoction for preventing immediately post delivery antinatal complications. It is a
common practice among the Yanadi tribals, living in and around Venkatagiri durgam
and Stambalakona. But the yanadi's of Penchalakona and Narasimha Konda use the
same combination for antinatal complications, in form of powder, which is locally known
as 'churnam'
A combination of 13 plant species in the form of decoction is used to
prevent antenatal complications on the next day of after child birth.
156
TABLE 5 : MULTIPLE SPECIES CRUDE DRUG COMBINATIONS

INGREDIENTS OF THE DECOCTION PREPARED BY YANADIS GIVEN TO WOMEN
IMMEDIATELY AFTER CHILD BIRTH TO PREVENT ANTINATAL COMPLICATIONS.
Acacia leucophloea (stem bark)
Andrographis paniculata (tender twigs, roots)
Bauhinia racemosa (stem bark)
Erythroxylum monogynum (stem bark,leaves)
Euphorbia nivulia (stem bark)
Holarrhena pubsecens (stembark)
Linoceira zeylanica (stem bark)
Naringi alata (stem bark)

Securinega leucopyrus (stem bark)
Sida acuta (tender twigs)
Soymida febhfuga (stem bark)
Trichosanthes cucumerina (seeds and roots)
Walsura trifolia (stem bark)
Wrightia tinctoria (stem bark)
Note : Equal proportions of the above ingredients are taken in a new pot and 3 litres of water is
added and boiled for one hour. The decoction is cooled, filtered and stored in an air tight
container A cup of decoction is given to those women on the day of child birth whenever they feel
thirsty.
INGREDIENTS OF THE DECOCTION GIVEN TO ALL WOMEN IN CONFINEMENT ON THE
NEXTDAYAFTER CHILD BIRTH TO PREVENT ANTINATAL COMPLICATIONS.
Acacia leucophloea (stem bark)
Azadirachta indica (leaves)
Bauhinia racemosa (root bark)
Boswellia ovalifoliolata (stem bark)
Butea monosperma (stem bark)
Calotropis gigantea (roots)
Cassia auricuiata (stem bark)
Cissus quadrangulahs (tender twigs)

Derris scandens (root bark)
Dolichandrone atrovirens (fruits)
Rhynchosia suaveolens (leaves)
Sophora interrupta (leaves)
INGREDIENTS OF THE DECOCTION PREPARED BY YANADIS FOR CURING FEVER.

Andrographis paniculata (stem bark)
Ahstolochia indica (roots)
Capparis sepiaha (stem bark)
Chloroxylum swietenia (stem bark)
Croton klotzschianus (stem bark)
Euphorbia nivulia (stem bark)

Linoceira zeylanica (stem bark)
Solanum surattense (stem bark)
Tinospora cordifolia (tender twigs)
INGREDIENTS OF THE DECOCTION PREPARED BY YANADIS TO CURE STOMACHACHE

Allium sativum (bulbs)
Calotropis gigantea (stem bark)
Cassia auricuiata (stem bark)
Coldenia procumbens (leaves)

Holarrhena pubescens (stem bark)
INGREDIENTS OF THE DECOCTION PREPARED BY YANADIS TO HEAL WOUNDS

Carmona retusa (leaves)
Commiphora caudata (stem bark)

Diospyros ferrea (leaves)
Morinda pubescens (stem bark)

INGREDIENTS OF THE DECOTION PREPARED BY YANADIS AS PURGATIVE.
Cassia fistula (fruits and leaves)
Cassia italica (tender leaves)
Terminalia chebula (stem bark)
OTHER CRUDEDRUG COMBINATIONS

ABDOMINAL PAIN-LINIMENT
ASTHMA - DECOCTION
Aegle marmelos (leaves)
Justicia adhatoda (fruits)
BOILS - PASTE

COUGH - DECOCTION
Mangifera indica (tender leaves)
Ricinus communis (stem bark)
DIABETES - DECOCTION
Ficus benghalensis (stem bark)
Gymnema sylvestne (leaves)
RHEUMATIC SWELLINGS OF JOINTSLINIMENT
SPRAINS - PASTE
Achyranthus aspera (leaves)
Cassia occidentalis (bark)
Strychnos nux vomica (fruits)
Trianthema portulacastrum (leaves)
Use-values
It is apparent from Table 3 that of the total 255 medicinal plant species over
V
50% (131/255) of the species are used for the treatment of a single disease.
Azadirachta indica is identified as the most important medicinal plant species, since
different parts of this plant are used for curing as many as 7 different diseases.
Calotropis gigantea and Achyranthes aspera are the next important species used for
curing 6 diseases.
Eclipta alba, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Ficus racemosa are with a
use value of 5. A total of 15 plant species used in treating 4 different diseases include
Melia azedarach, Aegle marmelos, Lawsonia inermis, Justicia adhatoda and Euphorbia
nivulia. A total of 35 plant species are used for curing 3 different diseases and 68 plant
species are used for treating 2 ailments.
Plant Part Usage

) Approximately 30% of the material used in different diseases is obtained from
root / root bark, Leaves accounting for more than 25% of the total material. The usage
of different parts of plant material of 25 important species are presented in Table 6.
Market Potential
The most important medicinal plants with potential market value include
Gymnema sylvestre,
Strychnos nux-vomica, S. potatorum,
Polyalthia cerasoides,
Decalepis hamiltonii, and Sapindus emarginatus. All these species classified as minor
forest produce are being collected from tribals and are marketed by the Girijan
cooperative corporation, Nellore. The details of the quantity and value of these plants
marketed by GCC are provided in Appendix VII.
PLANTS WITH MISCELLANEOUS USES

Over 100 plant species are used by the local communities for miscellaneous
purpose. The fish traps made with Calamus rotang and Phoenix sylvestre are widely
used by the tribals. The baskets made with Bambusa arundinacea are used both for
domestic and marketing purpose. The broomsticks prepared with the culms of Ahstida
spp. are used for domestic cleaning.
The leaves and fruits of 10 plant species
including Atylosia scarabaeoides, Prosopis chilensis are used for feeding cattle. A total
157
TABLE - 6 : PLANT PART USAGE DETAILS FOR IMPORTANT DISEASES

Note ; Wherever more than one plant part is used for a disease, the species number is counted
for both parts individually.
Name of the Disease
Antidote to Snake bite
Total number
of species
used
24
Diabetis
Dysentery
Plant parts used

Root / Stem / Leaves
bark
bark
5
7
11
Entire
plant
-
19
Fever
27
Aphrodisiacs
08
11
5
Asthma
-1
07
Othe
1
3
2
*
2
Blood pressure
Cancerous affection
1
1
Cholera
Diarrhoea
Filaria
Heart diseases
Hydrocele
Jaundice
Leprosy
Menstrual disorders
Paralysis
17
10
, Piles
Rabies
i
i
1
1
| Skin diseases
32
| Stomachache
22
; Toothache
15
7
4
35
Urinary disorders
12
Venereal
11
Veterinary
246
16.
75
Total
44
4
|
1
5
73
of 15 plant species especially Chloroxylon swietenia, Terminalia arjuna, Holoptelia

integrifolia, Vitex altissima are used by the local communities in making a wide variety
of agricultural implements.
The wood of 6 plant species are used in making country
cots and domestic furniture and the best preferred wood in this regard is of Pterocarpus
santalinus, Walsura trifolia, and Wrightia tinctorea.
as fire wood.
Six plant species are widely used
Most of the rural communities are exclusively dependent on Prosopis
chilensis for firewood.
EXTENT OF EXPLOITATION OF PLANTS OF ETHNOBOTANICAL IMPORTANCE

Many species especially medicinal plants are under threat due to the collection
of plant material in large amounts. Without knowing the importance of plant populations
tribal people are collecting the material for their own sustenance.
Some drug
manufacturers of Tamilnadu state through mediators are demanding large amount of

plant rîaterial from the tribals for good price especially in Venkatagiri, Udayagiri and
Penchalakona areas. The most affected species in this regard are Soymida fetribuga
(for its bark), Euphorbia nivulia (bark), Strychnos nux-vomica (fruits) and Gioriosa
superba (tubers & fruits).
The collection of root material is a threatening factor for
some plants and the victim species in the context is Aristolochia indica. However some
people are maintaining herbal gardens in the district for conservation of medicinal
plants. The harbal garden matained by Maheshananda Swamy in Narasimha konda is
good example in this regard. The wood logs of Pterocarpus santalinus and Santalum
album are being smuggled in lorries from Veligonda forest area by some urban people
Due to this reason the populations are dwindled at alarming rates.
The unscientific
tapping of gum from Sterculia urens by tribals is leaving many large trees dead.
158
CHAPTER - V.B.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONQUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES

AND SACRED GROVES
Sivdiverdity U front <* om daily dived and (ivelihood a*td

cemdtituted the xcdoatccd fro*t which families., comtauHitced,
ttatioHd and {fUtune yenenatcoH defretidd.
-
Global Biodiversity Assessment, UNEP, 1995
A. QUANTITATIVE ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES

I. ONE - HECTARE PLOT INVENTORIES
The results obtained from one-hectare plot inventories in Venkatagiri Durgam
x
Area (here after abbreviated as VDA) and Narasimha Konda Area (here after
abbreviated as NKA) are provided in Table 7, All the plant species including the plants
of non-ethnic value encountered in these plots are listed family-wise.
All the plant
species of ethnobotanical importance are ascribed with the relevant use categories as
applied in the general ethnobotanical studies.
The five use categories are further
classified into major and minor and assigned with a use value of 1.00 and 0.50
respectively. The use categories are depicted in abbreviated form, the major use codes
first letter is being indicated by a capital letter and that of minor use codes with small
letters.
Of 144 species encountered in VDA, 115 (79.8%) were useful in atleast in one
way or the other. Of the 72 species in NKA, 60 (83.3%) were useful in atleast one way
The usefulness of the species, category-wise from the two plots are as follows
Edible :
Of the 144 species in VDA, 51 (35.4%) are major and minor food plants. The
more important species include Annona squamosa, Hugonia mystax, Erythroxylum
monogynum, Syzygium cumini, Mimusops elengi, Carissa carandas and Dioscorea
pentaphylla.
However, the best preferred edible plant by the tribals is Erythroxylum
monogynum. Of the 72 species on NKA, 24 (33.3%) are edible. The more important
159
TABLE 7 : LIST OF PLANT SPECIES ENCOUNTERED IN 1 ha - PLOTS

(WITH THEIR USE AND VALUES)
Note Plant species with ethnobotarvcal value are not represented by Asterisk (*j
NAME OF THE TAXON
NARASIMHA KONDA
VENKATAGIRI DURGAM
USE
2
USE
4
VALUE
3
VALUE
5
Iranunculaceae
Naraveha zeylanica
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
jANNONACEAE
\Annona squamosa
Miliusa montana *
] Polyalthia cerasoides
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
iMENISPERMACEAE
Cissampelos parelra
Cocculus hirsutus
, Tmospora cordifoha
' Tiliacora acuminata *
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
CAPPARACEAE
i Capparis sepiana
l Capparis divaricata
Me,mi
1 50
1 50
1
1 50
Ed,me
1 50
ed, Co
1.50
3 00
3
1 00
Me
ed,Me
Me,mi
1 00
1 50
1 50
l Capparis zeylanica
Use Value subtotal
i
No species on plot
Familial use value
MALVACEAE
Abutilon cnspum *
Abutilon indtcum
Hibiscus vitifohus
! Kydia calycina (V.D.) *
l Pavonia zeylanica
Sida acuta
Sida glutmosa (N.K.) *
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
STERCULIACEAE
Helicteres isora
Stercuha urens
1 50
ed.Me
1 50
2
4.00
4
1.00
me
ed,me
Ed.me
0.50
1 00
1.50
3.00
3
1.00
0 75
Ed.me
1 50
1 50
I
|
1
1 50
I
Me
me
1 00
0.50
Me
1 00
1 00
Me
Me, co, mi
2 00
I
2 50
6
0.41
Me,co
Co, mi
me, Te
1.50
1.50
1.50
3 00
4
0.75
'
|
|
'
1
Waithena tndica *
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
TILIACEAE
Grewia hirsuta
Grew/a rhamnifolia
Grewia rothn *
Tnumfetta pentarsdra *
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
iLINACEAE
i Hugonia mystax
I
Use Value subtotal
1
No species on plot
Familial use value
ERYTHROXYLACEAE
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
i Tribulus terrestris
T
1
3 5C
4
0 87
ed.me
ed.mi
1 00
1 00
2 00
4
0 50
Ed,Me
2.00
2.00
1
2.00
Ed, me
1.50
1 50
1
1 50
Ed,Me
)
Me
1 00
1 00
1
1 00
ed, Me, Co
2 50
ed, Me
Ed, Me
1.50
2.00
|
j
!
ed, Me, te
2.00
8.00
4
2.00
[rutaceae
ed,Me,Co
Me,Co,mi
ed,Me
2.50
2.50
1 50
Me,co, mi
ed
ed, Me, te
2.00
0.50
2.00
11.00
6
1.83
me,Te
ed,me,te,mi
1 50
2 00
3 50
2
1 75
2 00
2 00
1
2 00
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
Aegle marmelos
; Atalantia monophylla
Glycosmis pentaphylla
Ltmonia acidissima
Nanngi alata
Pamburus missionis
Toddalia asiatica
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
BURSERACEAE
Boswellia ovalifoliolata
Commiphora caudata
Use Value subtotal
i
No species on plot
Familial use value
j
i
;
j
Conta
MELIACEAE
Cipadessa bacofera
Soymida febrifuga
Walsura trifolia
me, mi
Me.co
Me.co.mi
1
1
2
4
Me, Co, Mi
3 00
3 00
1
3 00
Co
co,mi
1 00
'
too
2.00
2
1.00
>
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
FLINDERSIACEAE
Chioroxylon swietema
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
iCELASTRACEAE
Cassme giauca
i Pleurostylia oppositifolia
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
RHAMNACEAE
Scutia myrtina
Ventiiago denticulata
Ziziphus mauritiana
Ziziphus oenoplia
Ziziphus xylopyrus
ed
me,te
ed,Me,Te
ed.me
Co,Te, Mi
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
VITACEAE
Ampelocissus tomentosa (N.K.)
Cayratia pedata
Ctssus quadrangularis
Cissus rependa (V.D.) *
Cissus vitiginea:
j
|
i
i
i
i
ed,Me,Te
ed,me
Co,Te, Mi
2.50
1 00
3.00
6.50
3
2 18
Cardiospermum canescens (V.D.)

;
ed,me
ed, Me
1.00
1.50
ed.me
ed, Me
1 00
1 50
ed,me
1.00
3.50
4
0 87
ed.me
1 00
3 50
4
0.87
Me
1.00
1.00
2
0.50
Me
1 00
1 00
1
1.00
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
0.50
1 00
2.50
1.00
3.00
8.00
5
1.60
Il
i
Familial use value
ISAPINDACEAE
:
]
00
50
00
50
3
1 50
1
ANACARDI AC EAE
Rhus mysorensis
ed,me,Co,Te
me.te, mi
ed.Me
3 00
1 50
1 50
6 00
3
2.00
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
FABACEAE
1.50
2.50
1.50
Abrus precatorius
Butea monosperma
Canavalia ensiformis
Clitoria ternatea
Crotalaha prostrata (V.D.) *
Crotalaria speciosa (V.D.)'
ed, Me
Me,Te,mi
ed,me,mi
Dalbergia paniculata
Derris scandens
Me
ed.me
1.00
1.00
Desmodium pulchellum (V.D.) *

Indigofera astragalina (N. K.) *
Indigofera aspalathoides
Me
1.00
Indigofera mysorensis (N.K.) *

me,co,te
1.50
Rhynchosia cana (N.K.) *

ed.me
1.00
;
i
i
Me, mi
1.50
Me
1 00
Tephrosia tinctoria (N.K.) *
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
CAESALPINIACEAE
Bauhinia racemosa
Cassia auriculata
Cassia fistula
Hardwickia binata
11.00
11
1.00
ed.me,Co
200
ed.Me
Co, Te, Mi
1.50
3 00
6.50
3
2 16
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
MIMOSACEAE
Acacia leucophloea
Albizia amara
Dichrostachys cinerea
prosopis chilensis
me,Co,Te,Mi
Me
me
Me. Mi
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
COMBRETACEAE
Combretum albidum
Terminalia chebula
Terminalia paniculata *
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
me,Co
me,co
Me,Co,mi
3.50
1.00
0.50
2.00
7.00
4
1.75
1.50
1.00
2.50
5.00
4
1.25
2 50
6
0 41
ed.me,Co
Me.Te.mi
2 00
2.50
4.50
2
2 25
--------me,Co,Te,Mi
3.50
me
Me, Mi
0.50
200
6 00
3
2 00
MYRTACEAE
Eugenia bracteata
Syzygium cumim
Ed,Me
Ed,Me,Co,Mi
2.00
4.00
6 00
2
3.00
ed.Co.Mi
2.50
2.50
;
j
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
MELASTOMATACEAE
Memecyion edule
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
CUCURBITACEAE
Citrullus colocynthis
Coccinia grandis
Trichosanthes cucumenna
Diplocyclos palmatus (V.D.)*
Solena amplexicaulis (V.D.) *
!
j
2.50
Me
Ed.me
Me
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
CACTACEAE
1.00
2.50
2
1.25
1.00
3
0.33
Opuntia stricta
ed
0 50
0 50
1
0.50
ed.me
ed, Mi
Ed,Me,Mi
me,Co,te,mi
1 00
1.50
3.00
2 50
ed.co
1 00
9 00
5
1.80
me
0 50
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
ALANGIACEAE
Alangtum salvifolium
ed.Me.co
2.00
2.00
1
2.00
Benkara malabarika
Catunaregam spinosa
Gardenia resinifera
Haldnia cordifolia
Hedyotis atfinis (V.D.) *
Hedyotis puberula
Ed, Me,Mi
ed, Mi
Ed,Me,mi
me,Co,te,mi
me,co, mi
3.00
1.50
2.50
2.50
1.50
Me
ixora arborea
Morinda umbellata (V.D) *
Pavetta indica
Tarenna asiatica
me
1.00
0.50
ed.me
1.00
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
RUBIACEAE
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
ASTERACEAE
Blumea membranacea
Echinops echinatus
Gnaphalium polycaulon (N.K.) *
13.50
9
1.50
Me
1 00
1.50
1.00
1
Tnchoiepis radicans (V D)
Mimusops elengi
Isonandra viilosa *
1 00
2
0 50
I Diospyros ferrea
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
OLEACEAE
Jasminum angustifolium *
Jasminum scandens
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
j
Familial use value
jAPOCYANACEAE
j Aganosma dichotoma (V D ) *
i Carissa carandas
jcanssa spinarum
0 50
2
0.25
2.50
1 00
1
j
|
i
3 50
3
1 16
ed,me,co,Mi
ed,Co,Mi
2.50
2.50
5.00
2
2.50
Me,mi
1 50
1.50
2
0.75
Ed
1 00
ed,Me,Co,mi
3 00
4.00
3
1 33
ed,Co, Mi
Me,mi
2 50
2.50
1
2.50
1 50
1.50
1
1.50
---------------------------------------------j
ed,me
Me
ed,me
Me
1.00
1.00
1.00
me,mi
1.00
Me
1.00
5 00
5
1 00
No species on plot
Familial use value
Iloganiaceae
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
;
Ed,Co,mi
Ed
:Strychnos nux-vomica
i
;
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
EBENACEAE
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Caiotropis gigantea
Caralluma adscendens
Decalepis hamiltonn
Gymnema syivestre
Pergularia daemta
! Sarcostemma acidum
\ Sarcostemma secamone
! Tylophora indica
| Wattakaka voiubiiis
|
Use Value subtotal
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
SAPOTACEAE
Manilkara hexandra
Wnghtia tinctona
Me,mi
1 50
1 50
1
1 50
1 00
I
|
i
1 00
1
1 00
Me,mi
1 50
Me
Me
Me
1 00
1.00
1 00
Me,mi
1 50
6.00
5
1 20
|
;
1
CORDIACEAE
Carmona retusa
Cordia wallichu
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
CONVOLVULACEAE
Bvolvulus aisinoides
Ipomoea staphyiina (NX.) *
Rivea hypocratenformis
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
tSOLANACEAE
! Datura metal
\solanum surattense
:
_ :tz4
ed.Me
ed.Co.mi
150
2.00
3 50
2
1.75
t
I
1 00
Me
ed,me
1.00
1 00
1
1.00
1 00
2
Familial use value

ACANTHACEAE
Andrographis paniculata
Andrographis alata (V.D.) *
Elytraria acaulis
Justicia adhatoda
Justicia glauca (NX) *
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
VERBENACEAE
Gmehna asiatica
Lantana camara
Premna corymbosa (V.D.) *
Premna tomentosa
Vitex altissima
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
LAMIACEAE
Anisomeles indica *
Ocimum tenuiflorum
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
NYCTAGINACEAE
Boerhavia diffusa
!
Use Value subtotal
j
No species on plot
1 00
1 00
Me
Me
200
Familial use value
2
1 00
Me
1 00
me
0.50
Me
1 00
Me
1.00
1.50
ed,Me,Co, mi
Co,Mi
3.00
2.00
6 50
4
1.62
I
;
!
2.00
3
0.66
1.50
3
0.50
me, Mi
i
!
0.50
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
me, Mi
ed,me
1 50
1 00
:
2 50
2
1.25
Me
1 00
1.00
2
0.50
ed,Me
1.50
1 50
1
|
1 50
Cornet
1
HYPOXIDACEAE
Curculigo orchioides
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea oppositifolia
3
Me
5
1.00
1.00
1
1 00
Ed
Ed
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use value
[LILIACEAE
1 00
1 00
2 00
i
Ed
2
1.00
Asparagus racemosus
Me
\ Gloriosa superba
me,mi
1 00
1 00
1
1.00
1.00
too
| Urgenia mdica *
Use Value subtotal

No species on plot
Familial use valup
IPOACEAE
\Aristida adscensionis
\Aristida setace a
j Cymbopogon coloratus
I
Use Value subtotal
No species on plot
Familial use value
2 00
3
0 66
mi
mi
CO
0.50
0.50
1 00
2
0.50
;
!
I
0.50
0 50
1
0 50
species include Capparis zeylanica, Limonia acidissima, Coccinia grandis and Dioscorea
pentallhylla.
The fruits of Limonia acidissima are cherished much by the local
communities.
Construction
Plant species useful in construction accounts for 22.9% (33/144) from VDA, and
the most important species includes Acacia leucophloea, Chloroxylon swietinia,
Hardwickia binata and Vitex altissima all of which are used for house posts. The wood of
Hardwickia binata is the preferred material for country made cots. Of the 72 species in
NKA, 7 (9 7%) are useful for construction purpose. The wood of Acacia leucophloea is
used in hut making.
\
Technology :
Species used in major and minor ways under technology category accounts for
10.4% (15/144) in VDA plot. The important species include Sterculia urens, Boswelha
ovalifoliolata. Butea monosperma, Acacia leucophloea and Mallotus philippensis
Gum
obtained from Sterculia urens commonly called as gum karaya is the most important
source of income for tribals.
The tribals sell it in large quantities to the government
agencies. The yellow dye obtained from Butea monosperma and red dye from Mallotus
philippensis which are used for colouring fabrics are also a major source of incom : for
tribals On the NKA plot, 8.3% species (6/72) are used for technological purpose. The
irpportant species include Cassia auriculata and Acacia leucophloea. The stem bark of
these two species are widely used for tanning.
Medicinal
Plant species used as medicine in crude form accounts for 65.2% (94/144) on
VDA plot. Aegle marmelos, Naringi aiata, Abrus precatorius, Strychnos nux-vomica, and
Andrographis paniculata with 4 types of medicinal uses; Tinospora cordifolia. Toddalia
asiatica. Soymida febrifuga, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Jasminum scandens, Wrightia
tinctoria, Phyllanthus emblica and Crinum defixum with 3 types of medicinal uses are the
chief medicinal species on VDA plot. Tinospora cordifolia is a non-substitutable species
for Jaundice and Diabetes. Nine species including Naringi aiata, Strychnos nux-vomica
160
and Andrographis paniculata are preferred as antidotes to snake bite, Wrightia tinctoria
is a non-substitutable species for Piles. Abrus pnecatorius is also a non-substitutable
species used in curing Gonorrhoea.
Root paste of Jasminum scandans is used to cure
Lepros
Of the 72 species on NKA plot, 53 (73.6%) are with major and minor medicinal
properties
Achyranthes aspera, Calotropis gigantea with 6 medicinal uses; Ocimum
tenuiflorum with 5 medicinal uses; Andrographis paniculata and Justicia adhatoda with 4
medicinal uses are the more important species on NKA. Milky latex from stems & leaves
of Calotropis gigantea are used for earache, toothache, scabies, snake bite, abdominal
pains and curing wounds. Achyranthes aspera is a non-substitutable species for curing
Rabies in NKAs Like that of VDA, Jasminum scandans is a non-substitutable species for
curing Leprosy in NKA.
Andrographis paniculata plant decoction is widely used for
cholera by the local communities in and around NKA. Curcuiigo orchioides is a widely
used plant species for curing venereal disease, Gonorrhoea.
Miscellaneous:
The VDA plot encountered 28 plant species out Of 144 (19.4%) with
miscellaneous uses.
The more important species include Ziziphus xylopyrus, Acacia
leucophloea, Canthium parviflorum and Gmeiina asiatica which are used as fire wood
The wood of Diospyros chloroxyion is used for making combs. In NKA 16.6% species
(12/72) are with miscellaneous uses. Like that of the VDA fire wood species are the
more important ones in NKA. Prosopis chilensis is widely preferred fire wood species in
the area
The leaves and fruits of this species are also used as cattle feed. The fish
poison obtained from Catuneregum spinosa fruits is locally used for fish capturing.
Table 8 summarises the most useful species and families from the two plots
studied. Of the 47 plant families in VDA, 18 are considered more important with use
values of more than 1.50. These include Anacardiaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Myrtaceae,
Alangiaceae and Ebenaceae. Of the 32 families in NKA, 10 families are with use values
of over 1.50. These include Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Linaceae, Rutaceae and
161
TABLE - 8
A. MOST IMPORTANT SPECIES W TH USE VALUES OF 2.5 OR MORE
Narasimha Konda Area
Venkatagiri Durgam Area
Name of the species
Syzygium cumini
Acacia leucophloea
Ziziphus xylopyrus
Hardwickia binata
Catuneregam spinosa
Premna tomentosa
Bridelia retusa
Aegle marmelos
Atalantia monophylla
Ziziphus mauritiana
Butea monosperma
I Terminalia chebula
; Manilkara hexandra
; Diospyros ferrea
Use value
4.00
3.50
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
Name of the species

Acacia leucophloea
Ziziphus xylopyrus
Catunaregam spinosa
Aegle marmelos
Ziziphus mauritiana
Gardenia resinifera
Cassia auriculata
Diospyros ferrea
Use value
3.50
3.00
3.00
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
B. MOST IMPORTANT FAMILIES USE VALUES OF 1.50 OR MORE

Name of the Family
Flindersiaceae
Myrtaceae
Ebenaceae
Melastomataceae
Caesalpiniaceae
Linaceae
Anacardiaceae
Alangiaceae
Rutaceae
Cordiaceae
Burseraceae
Mimosaceae
Verbenaceae
Rhamnaceae
Ranunculaceae
Erythroxylaceae
Meliaceae
Loganiaceae
Amaryllidaceae
Familial
use value
3.00
3.00
2.50
2.50
2.16
2.00
2.00
2.00
1.83
1.75
1.75
1.75
1,62
1.60
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
Name of the Family
Familial
use value
2.50
2.25
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
1.90
1.50
1.50
Ebenceae
Caesalpiniaceae
Mimosaceae
Linaceae
Rutaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rubiaceae
Capparaceae
Nyctaginaceae
Rhamnaceae. The overall results of the two plots inventories regarding the number of
major and minor uses, category wise for the plant species encountered is as follows
USEFUL SPECIES (CATEGORY-WISE) OF VDA & NKA
Category
Narasimha Konda Area
Venkatagiri Durgam Area

Major
Minor
Total
Major
Minor
Total
Edible
13
41
54
37.5
18
24
32.4
Medicinal
50
42
92
63.8
35
18
53
71.6
Construction
22
12
34
23.6
10.8
Technology
15
10.4
8.1
Miscellaneous
15
26
41
28.4
15
202
II. PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES TO PLANT SPECIES OF

ETHNOBOTANICAL IMPORTANCE
Phytosociological analysis for selected plant communities in Venkatagiri durgam
(VDA) and Narasimha konda (NKA) was done by random quadrat method. Only plants
of ethnobotanical importance were analysed for their abundance, density, frequency, A/F
ratio and importance value index.
Trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers were studied
separately through 10m2' 5m2, 1m2 and 5m2 quadrats respectively. The results obtained
are presented in Tables 9 and 10 for VDA and NKA respectively.
VENKATAGIRI DURGAM
TREES
Of the 182 species encountered in 10 quadrats of 10m2, 84 are trees. The A/F
values reveal the contagious distribution (>0.05) of 76 trees species in the community
The remaining 10 trees are with random distribution (0.025-0.05).
These includes
Shores tumbaggaia, Sterculia urens, Erythroxylum monogynum, Chioroxylon sweitenia

and Phyllanthus emblica. The IVI values calculated for all species reveal that Phoenix
famifera is the most important (2.34) in VDA followed by Hardwickia binata and Acacia
leucophloea (each 2.31). Large sized trees are becoming secondary in the community
162
TABLE 9 : QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS OF PLANT SPECIES ENCOUNTERED IN

VENKATAGIRI DURGAM
S.No,
1
NAME OF THE SPECIES I TNI
2
TREES
1 Annona reticulata
2 Annona squamosa
3 Polyalthia cerasoides
4 Crataeva magna
5 Case aria esculenta
6 Calophlyllum inophyllum
7 Shorea tumbuggaia
8 Hibiscus platanifolius
9 Thespesia populnea
10 Bombax ceiba
11 Guazuma ulmifolia
12 Helicteres isora
13 Pterospermum canescens
14 Pterospermum xylocarpum
15 Sterculia urens
16 Erythroxylum monogynum
17 Aegle marmelos
18 Limonia acidissima
19 Murraya paniculata
20 Naringi alata
21 Naringi crenulata
22 Pamburus missionis
23 Boswelha ovalifoholata
24 Commiphora caudata
25 Azadirachta indica
26 Soyamida febrifuga
27 Walsura trifolia
28 Chloroxylon swietenia
29 Ximenia americana
30 Cassine glauca
31 Pleurostylia oppositifolia
32 Ziziphus mauritiana
33 Sapindus emarginatus
34 Lannea coramandelica
35 Mangifera indica
36 Spondias pinnata
37 Rhus mysorensis
38 Butea monosperma
39 Dalbergia paniculata
40 Pongamia pinnata
41 Pterocatpus marsupium
42 Pterocarpus santalinus
43 Bauhinia racemosa
44 Cassia fistula
45 Hardwickia binata
46 Tamarindus indica
47 Acacia leucophloea
48 Albizia amara
4S Dichrostachys cineria
5C Anogeissus latifoiia
3
2
2
2
2
2
5
4
3
1
1
4
2
3
3
4
4
2
3
1
4
2
1
1
1
2
2
4
3
2
2
2
1
3
2
4
4
2
2
2
1
4
2
3
5
6
1
6
1
5
4
A
4
1.0
10
20
10
10
25
1.3
15
1.0
10
1.3
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
13
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
2.0
1.3
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
10
15
2.5
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.5
2.0
D
5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.3
0,3
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
.0.1
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0,2
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.5
0.4
F
6
A/F
7
RA | RD
20
20
10
10
10
20
30
20
10
10
30
10
20
20
30
30
20
30
10
20
20
10
10
10
10
20
30
30
10
20
10
10
20
20
20
40
20
20
10
10
20
20
20
20
30
10
30
10
20
20
0.05
0.05
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.12
0.04
0.07
0.10
0.10
0 04
0.20
0.07
0.07
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.30
0.10
0.05
0.20
0.10
0.10
0 10
0 20
0.05
0.04
0 03
0.20
0.05
0.20
0.10
0.07
0.05
0.10
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.07
0.12
0.06
0.10
0.06
0.10
0.12
0.10
029
0.29
0.58
0 29
0.29
0 72
0 37
0 43
0.29
0.29
0.37
0,58
0.43
0.43
0.37
0.37
0.29
029
0.29
0 58
029
0.29
0.29
0 29
0.58
0 29
0 37
0.29
0.58
0.29
0 58
0.29
0.43
0.29
0 58
0.37
0.29
0 29
0.58
0.29
0.58
0 29
0.43
0 72
0.58
0.27
0 58
0.29
0.72
0.58
9
0.30
0.30
0.30
0 30
0 30
0.76
0 61
0.46
0.15
0.15
0 61
0.30
0.46
0.46
0 61
0.61
0.30
0.46
0.15
0.61
0.30
0.15
0.15
0 15
0.30
0.30
0 61
0.46
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.15
0.46
0.30
0.61
0.46
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.15
0.61
0 30
0 46
0.76
0 92
0.15
0.92
0.15
0.76
0.61
RF
10
0.55
0.55
0 27
0.27
0.27
0.55
0 83
055
0.27
0.27
0.83
0.27
0.55
0.55
0.83
0.83
0.55
0.83
0.27
0,55
0.55
0.27
0 27
0.27
027
0.55
0 83
0.83
0.27
0.55
0.27
0.27
0.55
0.55
0.55
1.11
0,55
0.55
0.27
0.27
0.55
0 55
0.55
0.55
0 83
0.27
0.83
0 27
0.55
0.55
IVI
11
(Pi)2
12
114 0.000007
1 14 0.000007
1.15 0.000007
0 86 0000007
0 86 0.000007
2 03 0.000048
1 81 0.000031
1.44 0.000017
1 02 0 000001
1 02 0000001
1 81 0 000031
1.15 0 000007
1.44 0 000017
1 44 0 000017
1.02 0 000031
1.81 0.000031
114 0.000007
1.02 0 000017
0 71 0 000001
1.74 0.000031
1 14 0.000007
0.71 0 000001
0.71 0.000001
0 71 0.000001
1.15 0 000007
1.14 0.000007
1.81 0.000031
1.02 0.000017
1.15 0.000007
1.14 0.000007
1.15 0 000007
0.86 0.000001
1.44 0 000017
1.14 0.000007
1.74 0.000031
1 94 0.000017
1.14 0.000007
1.14 0.000007
1.15 0.000007
0.71 0.000001
1.74 0.000031
1.14 0.000007
1 44 0.000017
2 03 0.000048
2 33 0.000071
0.71 0.000001
2.33 0.000071
0.71 0.000001
2.03 0.000048
1.74 0.000031
Pi log Pi
____ 131
0 007
0 007
0 007
0 007
0 007
0 015
0 012
0010
0 003
0 003
0 012
0 007
0 010
0 010
0 012
0 012
0 007
0 010
0 003
0 012
0 007
0 003
0 003
0 003
0 007
0 007
0 012
0.010
0 007
0
0
0
0
0
007
007
003
010
007
0 012
0 010
0 007
0 007
0.007
0 003
0 012
0 007
0 010
0 015
0 017
0 003
0 017
0 003
0 015
0 012
Contd
51 Terminalia arjuna
52 Terminalia chebula
53 Syzyqium cumini
54 Syzyqium alternifolium
55 Memecylon edule
56 Alanqium salvifolium
57 Canthium dicoccum
58 Gardenia gummifera
59 Haldina cordifolia
60 Ixora arborea
61 Morinda pubescence
62 Madhuca indica
63 Manilkara hexandra
64 Mimusops eleng:
65 Dtospyros chloroxylon
66 Holarrhena pubescens
67 Wrightia tinctoria
68 Strychnos nux-vomica
69 Strychnos potatorum
Cordia dichotoma
Ehretia pubescens
Premna latifolia
Premna tomentosa
Vitex altissima
Vitex pinnata
77 Santalum album
78 Gyrocarpus americanus
79 Bridelia retusa
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
80
81
82
83
84
Croton klotzschianus
Givotia rottleriformis
Phyllanthus emblica
Phoenix farinifera
3
2
4
3
2
1
1
2
2
2
4
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
4
1
2
3
3
2
3
1
2
3
2
2
4
3
5
2
6
4
2.0
20
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
10
1.0
1.0
10
10
1.0
13
10
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.5
10
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.2
10
3.0
5
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
02
0,1
0,4
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
0,2
0,3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.6
6
10
20
20
20
10
10
10
20
20
20
10
10
20
10
20
20
10
30
10
20
20
20
20
20
10
20
30
20
20
30
20
40
20
20
7
0.20
0.10
0.07
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.20
0.05
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.10
0 05
0.10
0.05
0.05
0 10
0 04
0.10
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.07
0,10
0.05
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.07
0 03
0.05
0.15
8
0 58
0 58
0.43
0.29
0 29
0 29
0 58
0.29
0.29
0.58
0.29
0 29
0 29
0.29
0 29
0 29
0 29
0.37
0 29
0 29
0.43
0 43
0.29
0 43
0 29
0 29
0 29
0.29
0 29
0.37
0.43
0 34
0.29
0.87
2
5
4
5
6
2
3
2
3
4
2
4
3
4
2
1
4
5
9
20
25
2.0
1.6
2.0
1.0
3.0
20
1,0
1.3
2.0
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.3
25
3.0
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
02
0.1
04
0.5
0.9
10
20
20
30
30
10
10
10
30
30
10
30
20
30
20
10
30
20
30
0.20
0.12
0.20
0.05
0.06
0.10
0.30
0.30
0 30
0.04
0.20
0.04
0.07
0 04
0 05
0.10
0.04
0.12
0.10
0 58
0.72
0 58
0.46
0.58
0.29
0 87
0.58
0.29
0.37
0 58
0.37
0.43
0.37
0 29
0 29
0 37
10
9
0 30 0 27
055
0 61
0 46 0 55
0.30 0.55
0.15 0.27
0 15 0.27
0 30 0.27
0.30 0 55
0.30 0 55
0.55
0.61
0 15 0.27
0 15 027
0 30 0 55
0.15 0 27
0.30 0 55
0 30 0 55
0 15 027
0.61
0 83
0.15 0 27
0 30 0 55
0 46 0 55
046 0.55
0.30 0 55
0.46 0 55
0.15 0 27
0.30 0.55
0.46 0.83
0.30 0.55
0.30 0.55
0.61
0.83
0.46 0.55
0 76 1.11
0.30 0.55
0.92 0.55
11
1.15
1.74
1 44
1.14
0.71
0.71
1.15
1.14
1.14
1.74
0.71
0.71
1 14
0.71
1 14
1.14
0.71
1 81
0.71
1.14
1.44
1.44
1.14
1 44
0.71
1.14
1 02
1.14
1.14
1.02
1.44
221
1.14
2 34
12
____ 13____ j
0 00"
0 000007
C 012*
0 000031
0 010
0.000017
0 007
0.000007
0 003
0.000001
0 003
0.000001
0 00"
0.000007
0 007
0.000007
0 00"
0 000007
0 012
0 000031
0 003
0 000001
0 003
0000001
C 007
0 000007
0 003
0 000001
0 007
0.000007
0 007
0 000007
0 003
0 000001
0012
0 000031
0 003
0 000001
0 007
0 000007
0 010
0 000017
0010
0.000017
0 007
0 000031
0010
0.000017
0 003
0 000001
0 007
0.000048
0 010
0 000017
0 007
0.000007
0.000007
0 007
0 012
0.000031
0 010
0 000017
0 C15
0 000048
0 007
0 000007
0 017
0 000071
0.685
SHRUBS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Polyalthia konnti
Capparis sepiaria
Capparis divaricata
Capparis zeylanica
Casearia elliptica
Abutilon indicum
Grewia hirsuta
Grewia rhamnifolia
Triumfetta rhomboidaa
Hugonia mystax
Atalantia monophylla
Toddalia asiatica
Cipadessa baccifera
Scutia myrtina
15 Ziziphus oenoplia
16 Cissus vitigenia
17 Buchanania axillaris
18 Indigofera cassiodes
1S Rhynchosia suaveolens
0 72
0 87
0 30
0.76
0 61
0.76
0.92
0.30
0.46
0.30
0.46
0.61
0.30
0.61
0.46
0.61
0.30
0 15
0.61
0 76
1 38
0 27 1.15 0 000007
0.55 2 03 0.000048
0 55 1.74 0.000031
0.83 2.05 0 000048
083 2.33 0.000071
027 0.86 0.000007
0.27 1.60 0.000017
0.27 1.15 0 000007
0.83 1.02 0.000017
0.83 1.81 0.000031
0.27 1.15 0.000007
0.83 1.81 0.000031
0.55 1.44 0.000017
0.83 1.02 0.000031
0 55 1.14 0.000007
0 27 0.86 0.000001
0 83 1 02 0 000031
0.55 2.03 0 000048
083 3.08 0.000160
0 007
0 015
0 012
0015
0 017
0 007
0 010
0 007
0010
0 012
0 007
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
012
010
012
007
003
012
015
024
Contd
2
20 Caesalpinia bonduc
21 Prosopis chilensis
22 Combretum albidum
23 Benkara malabarika
24 Catunaregam spinosa
25 Terenna asiatica
26 Diospyros ferrea
27 Diospyros exsculpta
28 Linociera zeylanica
29 Jasminum scandens
30 Carissa carandas
31 Carissa spinarum
32 Sarcostemma acidum
33 Carmona retusa
34 Rivea hypocrateriformis
35 Barleria prionitis
36 Gmelina asiatica
37 Anisomeles malabarica
38 Drypetes sepiana
39 Euphorbia tirucalli
40 Jatropha curcos
41 Jatropha gossypifolia
42 Securinega leucopyrus
43 Suregada angustifoiia
HERBS
1 Argemone mexicana
2 Hybanthus enneaespermus
3 Pavonia zeylanica
4 Cissus quadrangularis
5 indigofera aspelthoides
6 Rhynchosia minima
7 Citrullus colocynthis
8 Centelia asiatica
9 Knoxia sumatrensis
10 Hedyotis puberula
11 Blumea membranaceae
12 Echinops echinatus
13 Plumbago zeylanica
14 Caralluma adscendens
15 Heliotropium indicum
16 Physalis minima
17 Andrographis paniculata
18 Asystasia gangetica
19 Hygrophila auriculata
20 Justicia nilgherrensis
21 Elytraria acaulis
22 Aristolochia indica
23 Pouzolzia zeylanica
24 Crinum defixum
25 Curculigo orchioides
26 Sansevieria roxburghiana
27 Aristida adscensionis
28 Vetiveria zizanioides
3
1
4
6
2
5
4
4
1
2
4
4
3
7
4
4
7
2
5
1
2
2
2
4
3
4
10
40
20
20
2.5
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
20
2.0
1.5
23
2.0
2.0
3.5
20
1.6
1 0
10
20
10
2.0
1.5
4
3
3
3
4
18
6
11
5
13
7
13
5
6
8
3
10
4
4
2
4
3
4
4
9
4
12
7
1.3
10
10
1.0
4.0
60
3.0
5.5
2.5
43
70
13.0
50
20
4.0
3.0
50
4.0
2.0
2.0
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.3
2.2
4.0
6.0
7.0
5
0.1
04
06
0.2
05
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
6
10
10
30
10
20
20
20
10
10
20
20
20
30
20
20
20
10
30
10
20
10
20
20
20
7
0 10
0 40
0 06
0 20
0.12
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.20
0 10
0.10
0.07
0.07
0.10
0.10
0.17
0.20
0.05
0.10
0.05
0.20
0.05
0.10
0.07
8
0 29
1 16
0 58
0 58
0 72
0.58
0.58
0.29
0.58
0.58
0.58
0.43
0.66
0.58
0.58
1.01
0.58
046
0.29
0.29
0 58
0 29
0.58
0.43
9
0 15
0 61
0 92
0 30
0 76
0 61
0 61
0 15
0 30
0 61
0.61
0.46
1.07
0.61
0.61
1.07
0 30
0.76
0 15
0 30
0.30
0 30
0.61
0.46
10
0 27
0 27
0 83
0 27
0.55
0 55
0 55
0 27
0.27
0 55
0.55
0.55
0.83
0 55
0.55
0.55
0.27
0 83
0 27
0.55
0.27
0.55
0.55
0.55
11
0 71
2 04
2 33
1 15
2 03
1 74
1 74
0 71
1.15
1 74
1 74
1 44
2 56
1.74
1 74
2.63
1.15
2 05
0.71
1 14
1 15
1 14
1.74
1.44
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
1.8
06
1.1
0.5
1.3
0.7
1.3
0.5
0.6
08
0.3
1
0,4
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.9
0.4
1.2
0.7
20
10
10
30
10
30
20
20
20
30
10
10
10
30
20
10
20
10
20
10
30
20
30
30
40
10
20
10
0.06
0 10
0.10
0.03
0.40
0 20
0.15
0.27
0.12
0.14
0.70
1 30
0.50
0.06
0.20
0.30
0.25
0.40
0.10
020
0.04
0.07
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.40
0.30
0.70
0.37
0.29
029
0.29
1.16
1.74
0.87
1 60
0.72
1.25
2.03
3.78
1.45
0.58
1.16
0.87
1.45
1.16
0.58
0.58
0 37
0.43
0.37
0.37
0 64
1.16
1.74
2.03
0.61
0 46
0.46
0.46
0 61
2.76
0 92
1 68
0.76
1 99
1.07
1 99
0.76
0 92
1 22
0.46
1 53
0.61
0.61
0 30
061
0.46
0.61
0.61
1 38
0.61
1 84
1.07
0.55
0.27
0 27
0 83
0 27
0.83
0.55
0 55
0.55
0 83
0.27
027
0.27
0 83
0.55
0.27
0.55
0 27
0 55
0.27
0.83
0.55
0 83
0.83
1.11
0.27
0.55
0.27
1 53
1 02
1.02
1 02
2 04
5 33
2 34
3.83
2 03
4.07
3 37
5 04
2.48
2 33
2 91
1 60
3 53
2 04
1 74
1.15
1.81
1 44
1.02
1 81
2.13
2.04
4.13
3 37
13
12
o. .'-sr
0 000001
0 000031
__JL1h
0 000071
----------le..i
c 00 '
0.000007
C 015j
0 000048
C 012
0.000031
0.000031
0 012
0.000001
0 003
0 000007
0 007
0 000031
0 012
0.000031
0 0'2
0 010
0.000017
0 000G96
0 019
0000031
0012
0000031
0 012
0 000096
0.019
0.000031
0 007
0.000017
0015
0 003
0 000001
0 00
0.000001
0.000007
0 007
0 000007
0 007
0.000031
0 012
0 000017
0 010
0.466
0.000031
0 000017
0 000017
0.000017
0.000031
0 000640
0.000071
0 000230
0 000048
0.000330
0 000096
0 000330
0.000048
0.000071
0.000120
0.000017
0.000190
0.000031
0.000031
0.000007
0 000031
0 000017
0.000031
0.000031
0.000160
0.000031
0 000280
0 000096
0
0
0
0
0
012
010
010
010
012
0 040
0
0
0
0
0
017
027
015
031
019
0 031
0 015
0 01 ^
0 021
0 010
0 026
0 012
0.012
0 007
0.012
0 010
0 012
C 012
0 024
0 012
0 029
0019
0.484
Co^tc
2
CLIMBERS
1 Naravelia zaylanica
2 Cissampelos pereira
3 Pachygone ovata
4 Cocculus hirsutus
5 Tinospora cordifolia
6 Glycosmis pentaphylla
7 Ventitago denticuiata
8 Abrus precatorius
g Atylosia scarabaeoides
10 Canavalia ensiformis
11 Acacia torta
12 Coccinia grandis
13 Trichosanthes cucumerina
14 Ceropegia candelabrum
15 Gymnema sylvestre
16 Leptadenia reticulata
17 Pentatropis capensis
18 Pergularia daemia
19 Tyiophora indica
20 Wattakaka volubilis
21 Decalepis hamiltonii
22 Hemidesmus indicus
23 Tragia plukenetii
24 Dioscoria pentaphylla
25 Asparagus racemosus
26 Gloriosa superba
10
11
12
3
4
1
4
1
3
6
4
5
2
3
4
3
0.5
20
1.0
1.3
1.0
30
2.0
10
2.5
1.0
1.5
1.3
1.0
2.0
1.6
25
1.6
1.5
2.6
3.0
1.0
1.7
26
1.0
1.3
1.0
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.1
20
20
10
30
10
10
30
40
20
20
20
30
30
10
30
20
30
20
30
20
20
40
30
30
30
10
0.02
0.10
0.10
0.04
0 10
0.30
0 06
0 02
0.12
0.05
0.07
0.04
0.03
0.20
0.05
0.12
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.15
0.05
0.04
0.08
0.03
0.04
0.10
0,14
0 58
0.29
0.37
0 29
0 87
0.58
0 29
0.72
0.29
0.43
0.43
0.29
0.58
0.46
0.72
0.46
0.43
0.75
0.87
0.29
0.49
0.75
0.29
0 37
0.29
0.46
0 61
0 15
0.61
0 15
0 46
0 92
0 61
0 76
0.30
0.46
0.61
0.46
0.30
0.76
0.76
0,76
0.46
1 22
0.92
0.30
1.07
1.22
0.46
061
0.15
0.55
0.55
0.27
0.83
0.27
027
0.83
1.11
Q.55
0.55
0.55
0.83
0.83
0.27
0.83
0.55
0.83
0.55
0.83
0.55
0.55
1.11
0.83
0.83
0.83
027
1.15
1 74
0 71
1.81
0 71
1.60
2 33
2.01
2 03
1.14
1.44
1.87
1.58
1.15
2.05
2.03
2 05
1.44
2.80
2 34
1.14
2.67
2 80
1.58
1 81
0 71
0 000017
0.000031
0.000001
0 000031
0 000001
0 000017
0 000071
0 000031
0.000048
0000007
0.000017
0.000031
0.000017
0 000007
0 000048
0 000048
0 000048
0 000017
0.000120
0.000071
0 000007
0.000096
0.000120
0.000017
0 000031
0 000001
5
5
5
3
8
6
2
7
8
3
4
1
TNI Total Number of Individuals; A : Abundance; D: Density; F: Frequency; R Relative value.

Impoartance Value Index
13
0.010
0 012
0 003
0 012
0 003
0 010
0 017
0 012
0 015
0007
0.010
0.012
0.010
0007
0 015
0015
0015
0 010
0 021
0.017
0 007
0.019
0.021
0 010
0 012
0 003
0.280
ivi
TABLE 10: QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS OF PLANT SPECIES ENCOUNTERED

_______
IN NARASIMHA KONDA
SI.
NAME OF THE SPECIES TNI
No.
A/F
RA
RD
RF
IVI
(Pi)2
Pi log Pi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
TREES
Aegle marmelos
Limonia acidissima
Azadirachta indica
Ximenia americana
Ziziphus mauritiana
Bauhmia racemosa
Acacia leucophloea
Albizia amara
Dichrostachys cinerea
Prosopis chilensis
Syzygium cumini
Canthium dicoccum
Carissa spinarum
3
2
2
2
1
6
7
7
8
9
1
2
6
1,5
1
2
1
1
2
2.3
2.3
4
3
1
1
2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.6
20
20
10
20
10
30
30
30
20
30
10
20
30
0.07
0.05
0.20
0.05
0.10
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.20
0.10
0.10
0.05
0.06
0.90
0.60
1.20
0.60
0.60
1.20
1.39
1,39
2.41
1.81
0,60
0.60
1.20
0.68
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.22
1.37
1.60
1.60
1.83
2.05
0.22
0.45
1.37
1.20
1.20
0.60
1.20
0.60
1.80
1.80
1.80
1.20
1.80
0.60
1.20
1.80
2.78
2.05
2.25
2.20
1.42
4.37
4.79
3.99
4.91
4.86
1.42
2.25
4.37
0.000049
0.000020
0.000020
0.000020
0.000005
0.000200
0.000200
0.000200
0 000300
0.000400
0.000050
0.000020
0.000200
1
2
3
4
5
6
/
8
9
11
12
13
14
11
15
lb
1/
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2b
2b
SHRUBS
Capparis zeylanica
Abutilon indicum
Hugonia mystax
Glycosmis pentaphylla
Toddalia asiatica
Ziziphus oenoplia
Cissus vitigenia
Cassia auriculata
Opuntia stricta
Benkara malabahka
Catunaregam spinosa
Tarenna asiatica
Plumbago zeylanica
Jasminum scandens
Carissa carandens
Calotropis gigantea
Barleria pnonitis
Justicia adhatoda
Gmelina asiatica
Lantana camra
Amsomeles malabarica
Euphorbia tirucalli
Jatropha gossypifolia
Jatropha glandulifera
Dendrophthoe falcata
0.015
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.006
0.026
0.029
0.029
0.032
0.035
0.006
0.010
0.026
0.244
8
8
3
2
6
1
2
10
6
5
2
4
1
5
2
3
5
6
5
5
15
5
2
6
6
5
2
2.6
1.5
1
2
1
1
3.3
2
2.5
1
2
1
2.5
1
1.5
1.5
3
1.5
1.5
5
1
1
2
2
1
0.8
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.2
1
0.6
0.5
0,2
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
1.5
0.5
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.5
40
30
20
20
30
10
10
30
30
20
20
20
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
30
10
20
30
30
10
0.05
0.08
0.07
0.05
0.06
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.06
0.12
0.05
0.10
0.10
0.12
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.15
0.07
0.07
0.16
0.10
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.10
1.20
1.57
0.90
0.60
1,20
0,60
0.60
1.99
1.20
1.20
0.60
1.20
0.60
1.20
0.60
0.90
0.90
1.81
0.90
0.90
3.02
0.6
0.6
1.2
1.2
0.6
1.83
1.83
0.68
0.45
1.37
0.22
0.45
2.28
1.37
1.14
0.45
0.91
0 ??
1.14
0.45
0.68
1.14
1.37
1.14
1.14
3.44
1.14
0.45
1.37
1.37
1.14
2.40
1.80
1.20
1.20
1.80
0.60
0.60
1.80
1.80
1.20
1.20
1.20
0.60
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.80
0.60
1.20
1.80
1.80
0,60
5.43
5.20
2.48
2.05
4.37
1.42
1.65
6.07
4.37
3.54
2.25
3.31
1.42
3.54
2.25
2.78
3.24
4.38
3.24
3.24
8.26
3.34
225
4.37
4.37
3.34
0.000350
0.000350
0.000049
0.000020
0 000200
0.000005
0.000020
0.000550
0.000200
0.000130
0000020
0.000080
0.000005
0.000130
0.000020
0.000040
0.000130
0.000300
0.000080
0.000080
0,000900
0.000130
0.000020
0.000200
0.000200
0.000130
HERBS
Argemone mexicana
Cleome gynandra
Cleome viscosa
Sida acuta
Tribulus terrestris
Tephrosia villosa
0.032
0.032
0.015
0.010
0.026
0.006
0.010
0.038
0.026
0.022
0.010
0.019
0.006
0.022
0.010
0.015
0.022
0.032
0.018
0.018
0.046
0.022
0.010
0.026
0.026
0.022
0.519
4
5
2
5
7
5
1
2.5
1
2.5
1
2.5
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.5
10
20
10
20
10
20
0.10
0.12
0,10
0.12
0.10
0.12
0.60
1.51
0.60
1.51
0.60
1.51
0.91
1.14
0.45
1.14
1.60
1.14
0.60
1.20
0.60
1.20
0.60
1.20
2.11
3.85
1.65
3.85
2.80
3.85
0.000080
0.000130
0.000020
0.000130
0.000270
0.000130
0,019
0.022
0.010
0.022
0.029
0 022
1
2
3
4
5
i
Contd
8 Mimosa pudica
9 Citrullus colocynthis
10 Echinops echinatus
12 Heliotropium indicum
13 Evolvulus alsinoides
14 Datura metal
15 Physalis minima
16 Solanum nigrum
17 Solanum surattense
18 Andrographis paniculata
19 Elytraria acaulis
20 Phyla nodiflora
21 Leucas aspera
22 Boerhavia diffusa
23 Achyranthes aspera
24 Amaranthus spinosa
26 Acalypha indica
27 Phyllanthus amarus
28 Curculigo orchioides
29 Cymbopogon coloratus
6
1
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
CLIMBERS
Cissus quadrangularis
Clitoria ternatea
Acacia torta
Coccinia grandis
Gymnema sylvestre
Leptadaemia reticulata
Pergularia daemia
Sarcostemma acidum
Tylophora indica
Asparagus racemosus
12
5
6
8
16
7
2
8
3
12
9
18
8
7
2
3
11
10
13
12
6
1.5
3
4
5.3
2.3
1
2.6
1.5
3
3
6
4
3.5
1
1
2.7
5
4.3
4
1.2
0.5
0.6
0.8
1
0.7
0.2
0.8
0.3
1.2
0.9
1.8
0.8
0.7
0.2
0.3
1.1
1
1.3
1.2
20
20
20
20
30
30
10
30
20
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
40
20
30
30
0..30
0.07
0.15
0.20
0.17
0.07
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.10
0.20
0.20
0.17
0.10
0.10
0.06
0.25
0.14
0.14
3.62
0.90
1.81
2.41
3.20
1.39
0.60
1.57
0.90
1.81
1.81
3.62
2.41
2.11
0.6
0.6
1.63
3.02
2.6
2.41
2.74
1.14
1.37
1.83
3.66
1.60
0.45
1.83
0.68
2.74
2.05
4.11
1.83
1.60
0.45
0.68
2.51
2.28
2.97
1.83
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.20
1.80
1.80
0.60
1.80
1.20
2.40
1.80
1.80
1.20
1.20
0.60
0.60
2.40
1.20
1.80
1.80
7.56
3.24
4,38
5.44
8.60
4.79
1.65
5.20
2.78
6.95
5.66
9.53
5.44
4.31
1.65
1.88
6.54
6.50
7.37
6.04
0,000800
0.000130
0.000200
0.000600
0.001090
0.000200
0.000030
0.000200
0.000080
0.000300
0.000300
0.001300
0.000350
0.000400
0.000020
0.000040
0.000600
0.000500
0.000900
0.000350
0 043
0.022
0.026
0.039
0,048
0.026
0.006
0.029
0.018
0.032
0.032
0,053
0.032
0.029
0,010
0.015
0.041
0,042
0.046
0032
0.745
6
13
9
2
6
5
3
1
3
3
2
2
3.2
3
1
1.5
1.5
1.5
1
1.5
1
1.5
0.6
1.3
0.9
0.2
0.6
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.3
30
40
30
10
40
20
20
10
20
10
20
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.03
0.07
0.07
0.10
0.07
0.10
0.07
1.20
1.93
1.81
0.60
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.60
0.90
2.6
0.9
1.37
2.97
2.05
0.45
1.37
1.14
0.68
0.22
0.68
0.45
0.68
1.80
2.40
1.80
0.60
2.40
1.20
1.20
0.60
1.20
0.60
1.20
4.37
7.30
5.66
1.65
4.67
3.24
2.78
1.42
2.78
1.65
2.78
0.000200
0.000900
0.000400
0.000020
0.000200
0.000130
0.000040
0.000005
0.000080
0.000020
0.000040
0.026
0.046
0.035
0.010
0.026
0.022
0.015
0.006
0.018
0.010
0.015
0.203
due to the illicit felling for timber.
The species diversity index for trees is 0.69, the
highest than any other physiognomic category in the community.
SHRUBS
Forty three shrubs species are recorded from the VDA 10m2 quadrats. The A / F
values show that except Toddalia asiatica with random distribution pattern, all other 42
species are with contagious distribution. Rhynchosia suaveolens is the most important
(IVI : 3.1) shrub in the community followed by Barleria prionotis and Sarcostemma
acidum (each 2.6). The diversity index for shrubs is 0.47.
HERBS
Of the 28 herbaceous species recorded from the area Rhynchosia minima is
identified as the most important species (IVI: 5.3). The A/F values calculated show that
all herps with contagious distribution. The diversity index is 0.48 for herbs.
CLIMBERS
Of the 25 , climbing herbs/shrubs encountered in 10 5m2 quadrats, Tylophora
indica and Tragia plukenetti are the most important species (with IVI of 2.8). The other
dominant species are Hemidesmus indicus (2.7) and Ventiiago denticulata (2.3).
The
A/F values show that 7 climbers including Cissus quadranguiaris, Dioscorea pentaphylla
are with random distribution. Exceptionally two climbing shrubs, Naravelia zeylanica and
Abrus precatorius show regular distribution.
The diversity index is the lowest for
climbers, i.e 0.28.
NARASIMHA KONDA
TREES
Of the 76 species encountered in the plots, only 13 are trees. The diversity value
of trees in very low i.e. 0.24. All the trees are typically showing stunted growth are with
contagious distribution.
The important trees are Dichrostachys cinerea and Prosopis
chiiensis (IVI: 4.9 for both) followed by Acacia leucophioea (4.8) and Carissa spinarum
(4.4). The diversity index is the lowest 0.24 for trees.
163
SHRUBS
The shrub species are twice the number of trees (25) in the area.
Lantana
camara is the most important and dominant species (IV): 8.3) in the area. This weed not
seen 20 years back in the area is now dominating the scrub forest. The other important
species are Dodonaea angustifolia (IVI: 6.1), Capparis zeylanica (5.4) and Abutilon
indicum (5.2). The diversity index is 0.5.for shrubs.
HERBS
Twenty nine herbaceous species are encountered in 10 1m2 quadrats in NKA.
The most important herb is Phyla nodiflora (IVI: 9.5) followed by Evolvulus alsinoides
(8.6), Curculigo orchioides (7.4).
A/F values indicate that all herbs with contagious
distribution. The diversity index is 0.7.

CUMBERS
Of 9 species, Clitoria tematea, a naturalised herbaceous twine dominates the
scrub (IVI: 7.3).
A/F values indicates that except with Gymnena slyvestre, all other
species show contagious distribution. The diversity index is 0.2
VDA AND NKA COMPARED

VDA
NKA
.............. 76
Total number of speices

Trees
182
84
Distribution Pattern
Important species
76,contag./10 random
' Diversity index

Shrubs
Important species
Diversity index
Herbs
Important species
Diversity index
Climbers
Important species
Diversity index
...................
13
All contag.
Phoenix farinifera
Dichrostachys cinerea,
Prosopis chilensis
0.69
0.24
43
42,contag./1 random
25
All contag.
Lantana camara
0.47
0.50
28
All contag.
29
All contag.
Rhynchosia minima
Phyla nodiflora
0.48
0.70
25
2. reg./7, random/16 contag.
9
All contag.
Tylophora indica,
Tragia plukenetii
Gymnema sylvestre
0.28
0.20
164
B. ETHNOBOTANICAL CONSERVATION - SACRED GROVES

I. GENERAL
Of the 20 sacred groves studied, 4 groves namely Narasimha Konda, Stambala
Kona, Siddulaiah Konda and Kona Malleswara Kona were intensively explored for their
flora with emphasis on plants of ethnobotanical importance.
Table 11 provides the
details of the 20 sacred groves regarding core area, location and nature of water source
The description for the groves selected for floristic and ethnobotanical investigation is as
follows.
Narasimha Konda sacred grove, owned by temple authorities is the largest
grove in the district. The area represents a hilly terrain with scrub forests of inferior type.
The deity is Uprd Narasimha Swamy. Local people believe that threat to plant or animal
life in the area is an offence and will affect the health of culprit. In spite of such beliefs,
the grove is seen with heavy biotic interference and is considered threatened.
Stambala Kona sacred grove represents yet another hilly terrain and is a part of
Veltgonda reserve forest
The deity is Lord Eswara.
The grove receives absolute
protection by the yanadi tribals of the area. They believe that damage to any form of life
within the grove area results in severe punishment to the concerned by the lord.
Siddulaiah Konda sacred grove is a temple land. The area is an isolated hillock
representing dense scrub forest.
Siddulaiah and Sarangadara.
The deities are Navakoti Siddulaiah, Navanaga
It is believed that these muneeswaras wander in and
around the grove area during nighttime and hence no one dares to enter the grove
However occasional cutting of scrub for firewood is noticed.
Kona Malleswara Kona sacred grove represents a steep valley with dry
deciduous elements. The area falls under Veligonda reserve forest.
The deitn ; are
Lord Shiva and Lord Parvathi. The grove is well protected by the yanadis and other
nearby rural communities. The local people believe that the worshipping of Lord would
relieve them from ill health.
165
TABLE 11 : LIST OF MAJOR SACRED GROVES IN NELLORE DISTRICT

PP : Perennial Pond; PW: Perennial Waterfall; SS: Seasonal Stream; SR ; Seasonal River
SI.No.
Name of the Grove
Location
Mandal
Core area
(Hq.)
Natural water
source
1 Narasimha Konda
Devarapalem
Nellore
400.0
PP
2 Penchala Kona
Gonupalli
Rapur
100.0
PWF
3 Siddulaiah kona
Rapur
Rapur
50.0
PWF
4 Siddulaiah konda
Saidapuram
Saidapuram
50.0
PP
5 Stambala kona
Eswarakona
Dakkili
50.0
PWF
6 Bairagula kona
Gompalli
Rapur
20.0
SST
7 Konamalleswara kona
Palemkota
Venkatagam
100.0
SST
8 Nelapattu
Nelapattu
D.V Satram
50.0
PT
9 Pathithamma Temple
Duttalur
Duttalur
25.0
10 Kasumar Darga
Kasumur
V, Chalam
10.0
PT
11 Prasanna Venkateswara
Bitragunta
Bogolu
4.0
12 Siddulaiah kona
Kalichedu
Saidapuram
10.0
SR
13 ankalamma Gudi
Duttalur
Duttalur
3.0
14 Barditt Church
Udayagiri
Udayagiri
3.0
15 Jwalamukhi
Varigonda
T. P. Gudur
2.0
16 Siddeswara swamy
Devammachervu S. R. Puram
2.0
17 Vengamamba
Narawada
Duttalur
1.0
18 Ayyapa swamy
Udayagiri
Udayagiri
1.0
19 Nellakanteswara
Nayudupet
Nayudupet
1.0
SR
20 Kotitheertham
Kotihertham
Chejerla
1.0
SR
II. FLORISTICS
A total of 442 vascular plant species belonging to 302 genera and 88 families,
were recorded from the 4 major groves Table 12.
The group-wise breakup of the
species, genera and families is as follows.

No.of species
No. of genera
No. of families
Polypetalae
201
125
48
Gamopetalae
133
97
17
Monochlamydae
60
44
11
Monocotyledons
45
33
09
Gymnosperms
01
01
01
Pteridophytes
02
02
02
Total
442
302
88
Group
The details of the number of species along with genera and families encountered
in the individual groves are as follows:
Group
Narasimha Konda
No.of
species
185
No. of
genera
155
No. of
families
55
Siddulaiah Konda
104
89
41
Stambala Kona
196
167
67
Konamalleswara Kona
221
173
64
The first five largest families in sequence are. Fabaceae with 42 species followed
by Euphorbiaceae (28), Poaceae (22), Acanthaceae (22) and Rubiaceae (16).
The
floristic analysis of the 4 sacred groves brought out 27 additions to the flora of Nellore
district after Rao (1991). These are Capparis grandis, Maerua oblongifolia, Polycarpea
aurea. Portulaca wightiana, Naringi aiata, Boswetlia latifolia, Melilotus indica, Pueraria
tuberosa. Sophora interrupta, Ixora arborea, Dicoma tomentosa, Maba buxifolia.
Madhuca indica, Diospynos exsculpta, Jasminum scandans. Holarrhena pubescens.
Cordia wailichi. Justicia procumbent, Hemicyclea sepiaria, Jatropha giandutifera, Tragia
plukenitii. Eragrostis viscosa, Ischamum taxum and Panicum notatum.
166
TABLE 12 : FLORA AND PLANTS OF

ETHNOBOTANICAL IMPORTANCE OF SELECTED SACRED GROVES
Note: 1. The groves where the taxon is encountered are represented in numbers in parentheses
after the taxon name. The number with corresponding grove names are 1: Narasimha konda
2: Siddulaiah konda 3: Stambala kona 4: Konamaileswara Kona.
2 The plants without any ethnobotanical importance are represented by It-.
RANANCULACEAE
Narevelia zeylanica (3,4)
ANNONACEAE
Annona reticulata (1)
Annona squamosa (1,2,3,4)
Polyalthia cerasoides (3,4)
Polyalthia korintii (3,4)
MENISPERMACEAE
Cissampelos pareira (1,3,4)
Cocculus hirsutus (1,3,4)
Pachygone ovata (1,4)
Tinospora cordifolia (1,4)
CAPPARACEAE
Cadaba fruticosa (3)
Capparis grandis (3,4)
Capparis rotundifolia (1,4)
Capparis sepiaria (2,3,4)
Capparis zeylanica (1,2,4)
Maerua oblongifolia (1)#
Crataeva magna (4)
CLEOMACEAE
Cleome aspera (1,4)#
Cleome chelidonii (4)#
Cleome gynandra (3)
Cleome viscosa (1,2,3)
VIOLACEAE
Hybanthus enneaespermus (1)
COCHLOSPERMACEAE
Cocholospermum religiosum (4) #
FLACOURTIACEAE
Casearia elliptica (4)
Casearia esculenta (4)
Flacourtia indica (2) #
CLUSIACEAE
Calophyllum inophyllum (4)#
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala elongata (4) #
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Polycarpaea aurea (1)#
Polycarpaea corymbosa (1)#
PORTULACACEAE
Portulaca wighatiana (1)#
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
Shorea tumbaggaia (3,4)
MALVACEAE
Abutilon crispum (1,4)#
Decaschista crotonifolia (4)#
Hibiscus ovalifolius (1,3,4)#
Hibiscus vitifolius (3)
Hibiscus platanifolius (4)
Malvastrum coromandelianum (1 )#
Pavonia zeylanica (1,2,4)
Sida acuta (1,4)
Sida cordata (1)#
Sida cordifolia (3,4)#
Sida glutinosa (4>#
Thespesia populnea (3)
BOMBACACEAE
Bombax ceiba (1)
STERCULIACEAE
Byttneria herbacea (2,4)#
Guazuma ulmifolia (1)
Helicteres isora (2,3,4)
Metochia corchorifotia (1)#
Pterospermum xylocarpum (1,3)
Sterculia urens (3,4)
Waltheria indica (1,4)#
TILIACEAE
Grewia flavescens (3,4)
Grewia hirsuta (1)
Grewia orbiculata (1)#
Grewia populifolia (4)#
Grewia rhamnifolia (2,3,4)
Triumfetta pentandra (4)#
Triumfetta rhomboidea (3,4)
LINACEAE
Hugonia mystax (2,3,4)
ERYTHROXYLACEAE
Erythroxylum monogynum (3,4)
Contd
RUTACEAE
Aegle marmelos (1,4)
Ataiantia monophylla (2,3,4)
Glycosmis pentaphylla (2,3,4)
Limonia acidissima (3)
Murraya koenigii (2)#
Murraya paniculata (2,3)
Naringialata (4)
Naringi crenulata (1,3,4)
Toddalia asiatica (3)
BALANITACEAE
Balanites aegyptiaca (2)#
OCHNACEAE
Ochna obtusata (4)#
BURSERACEAE
Boswellia ovalifoliata (3)
Commiphora caudata (3)
MELIACEAE
Azadirachta indica (1,2,3,4)
Cipadessa baccifera (3,4)
Melia azedarach (4)
Soymida febrifuga (3,4)
Walsura trifolia (3,4)
FLINDERSIACEAE
Chloroxylon swietenia (3,4)
OLACACEAE
Ximenia americana (2)
CELASTRACEAE
Cassine glauca (4)
Celastrus paniculatus (4)#
Maytenus emarginata (2)#
Pleurostylia oppositifolia (3)
RHAMNACEAE
Scutia myrtina (2,3)
Ventilago denticulata (3,4)
Ziziphus mauritiana (1,2,3,4)
Ziziphus oenoplia (2,3)
Ziziphus xylopyrus (1,2,3)
VITACEAE
Ampelocissus tomentosa (3)#
Cayratia pedata (3,4)
Cissus pallida (1,4)#
Cissus quadrangularis (1,2,3,4)
Cissus repanda (4)#
Cissus vitiginea (3,4)
Cyphostemma setosum (1 )#
SAPINDACEAE
Cardiospermum canescens (4)#
Cardiospermum hilicacabum (4)
Dodonaea viscosa (1,2,3,4)#
Sapindus emarginatus (1,3)
Schteichra oleosa (1)#

ANACARDIACEAE
Buchanania axillaris (3)
Lannea coromandeiica (3,4)
Mangifera indica (3,4)
Rhus mysorensis (2,3)
Spondias pinnata (4)
FABACEAE
Abrus precatorius (2)
Alysicarpus longifolius (4)#
Alysicarpus monilifer( 1)#
Alysicarpus vaginalis (1,2)#
Atylosia scarabaeoides (4)
Butea monosperma (2,4)
Canavalia ensiformis (2,3,4)
Clitoria tematea (1)
Crotalaria hirsuta (2,4)#
Crotalaria juncea (1)#
Crotalaria labumifblia (2)#
Crotalaria linifolia (4)#
Crotalaria medicaginea (1,2)#
Crotalaria prostrata (1)#
Crotalaria speciosa (4)#
Dalbergia lanceolaria (2,3)#
Dalbergia latifolia (3)#
Dalbergia paniculata (2,4)
Dems scandens (3,4)
Desmodium gangeticum (4) #
Desmodium triflorum (1) #
Indigofera aspalathoides (1,2)
Indigofera astragalina (4) #
Indigofera cassiodes (4)
Indigofera glabra (1)#
Indigofera tinctoria (2)
Melilotus indica (4)
Pueraria tuberosa (3)
Pongamia pinnata (1)
Pseudarthria viscida (1,2)#
Pterocarpus marsupium (4)#
Pterocarpus santalinus (3)
Rhynchosia capitata (4)#
Rhynchosia minima (4)
Rhynchosia suaueolens (3,4)
Rotfw'a indica (1)#
Sesbania sesban (4)
Sophora interrupta (3)
Tephrosia maxima (1)#
Tephrosia pumila (1,2)#
Tephrosia purpurea (2)
V/gna aconitifolia (1) #
Contd.
CAESALPINIACEAE
Bauhinia racemosa (1,2,3,4)
Caesalpinia bonduc (3)
Cassia auriculata (1,2,4) #
Cassia fistula (3,4) #
Cassia hirsute (1) U
Cassia italica (4)
Cassia montana #
Cassia siamea (1) #
Hardwickia binata (4)
Pterolobium hexapetalum (2,3) #
Tamarindus indica (1) #
MIMOSACEAE
Acacia horrida (2)
Acacia leucophloea (1,2,3,4)
Acacia torta (3,4) it
Albizia amara (1,4)
Albizia lebbeck (1) #
Dichrostachys cinerea (2,3)
Mimosa intsia (2) #
Mimosa pudica (1)
Neptunia oleracea (1) #
Pithecellobium dulce (1)
Prosopis chilensis (1,2,4)
Prosopis cineraria (4)
DROSERACEAE
Drosera burmannii (1) #
COMBRETACEAE
Anogeissus latifolia (3,4)
Combretum albidum (1,3,4)'
Terminalia arjuna (3)
Terminalia bellirica (3) #
Terminalia chebula (3,4)
Terminalia pallida (4)
Terminalia paniculate (A) it
MYRTACEAE
Eugenia bracteata (4)
Eucalyptus teriticomis (1) #
Syzygium altemifolium (1,3)
Syzygium cumini (1,3,4) *
MELASTOMATACEAE
Memecylon edule (3,4)
LYTHRACEAE
Lagerstroemia parviflora (4) #
Lawsonia inermis (4)
ONAGRACEAE
Ludwigia perennis (1) #
PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora foetida (4)
CUCURBITACEAE
Citrullus colocynthis (3,4)
Coccinia grandis (4)

Trichosanthes cucumerina (4)
BEGONIACEAE
Begonia malabarica (3)
CACTACEAE
Cereus pterogonus (1) #
Optunia stricta (2)
AIZOACEAE
Trianthema decandra (1) #
Trianthema portulacastmm (1,3)
MOLLUGINACEAE
Glinus oppositifolius (3)
Mollugo nudicaulis (1,2) #
Mollugo pentaphylla (1) #
APIACEAE
Centella asiatica (3)
ALANGIACEAE
Alangium salvifolium (1,3,4)
RUBIACEAE
Benkara malabarica (1,2,3)
Canthium dicoccum (1,2,3)
Canthium parviflorum (1,2,4)
Cantunaregum spinosa (1,2,3,4)
Gardenia gummifera (4)
Gardenia resinifera (3,4)
Haldinia cordifolia (4)
Hedyotis affinis (1,4)#
Hedyotis puberula (1)
Ixora arborea (3,4)
Knoxia sumatrensis (3)
Morinda pubescens (4)
Pavetta indica (4)
Spermacoce hispida (1,2) #
Tarenna asiatica (1,2)
Wendlandia bicuspidata (4) #
ASTERACEAE
Adenostemma lavenia (4) #
Blumea mollis (1) #
Conyza stricta (4) #
Dicoma tomentosa (3)
Echinops echinatus (3)
Eclipta prostrate (3,4)
Glossocardia bosvallea (1) #
Gnaphalium polycaulon (3)
Parthenium hysterophorus (1) #
Sphaeranthus indicus (1)
Tridax procumbens (3)
Vernonia albicans (1) #
Vemonia cinerea (2) #
PLUMBAGINACEAE
Plumbago zeylanica (1,3,4)
Contd.
SAPOTACEAE
Madhuca indica (4)
Manilkara hexandra (3,4)
Mimusops elengi (3,4)
Isonandra villosa (4) #
EBENACEAE
Diospyros chloroxylon (1,2,3,4)
Diospyros exsculpta (4)
Maba buxifolia{ 1,2)#
OLEACEAE
Jasminum angustifolium (1,4)#
Jasminum auriculatum (3) #
Jasminum cuspidatum (4)
Jasminum scandens (3)
Linociera zeylanica (3,4)
APOCYANACEAE
Aganosma dichotoma (4) #
Carissa carandas (3,4)
Carissa spinarum (1,2,3,4)
Holarrhena pubescens (3,4)
Ichnocarpus fnjtescens (3,4)
Wrightia tinctoria (1,2,3,4)
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Calotropis gigantea (1)
Caralluma adscendens (2,4)
Ceropegia candelabrum (3,4) #
Gymnema sylvestre (2,3,4)
Hemidesmus indicus (1,2,3,4)
Pergularia daemia (1,2,3,4)
Sarcostemma acidum (3,4)
Sarcostemma secamone (3)
Secamone emetica (4)
Tylophora indica (1,3,4)
Wattakaka volubilis (3,4)
LOGANIACEAE
Strychnos colubrina (3) it
Strychnos nux-vomica (2,3,4)
Strychnos potatorum (1,2)
BORAGINACEAE
Coldenia procumbens (1,4)
Heliotropium bracteatum (3)#
Trichodesma indicum (3)#
Trichodesma zeylanicum (4)#
CORDIACEAE
Carmona retusa (1,2,3,4)
Cordia dichotoma (3,4)
Cordia wallichii (4)
Ehretia laevis (3)#
Ehretia pubescnes (3,4)
CONVOLVULACEAE
Argyreia cymosa (1,2,4)#
Evolvulus alsinoides (1,2,3,4)
Ipomoea bahehoides (4)#
Ipomoea carnea (1)
Merremia tridentata (1,2)
Rivea hypocrateriformis (2,3,4)
SOLANACEAE
Datura mete! (3)
Datura stramonium (1)
Physatis minima (1,3)
Solanum nigrum (1)
Solanum surattense (3,4)
Solanum trilobatum (4)
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Bacopa monnieri (3)
Kickxia ramosissima (3)
Lindernia Crustacea (1)#
BIGNONIACEAE
Dolichandrone atrovirens (A)
Millingtonia hortensis (1)#
ACANTHACEAE
Andrographis alata (4)#
Andrographis paniculata (1,3,4)
Asystasia gangetica (2,4)
Barieria acuminata Nees (3)#
Barleria cristata (3)#
Barieria longifolia (1)#
Barleria prionitis (1.2,4) #
Blepharis maderaspatensis (1.2,3) #
Blepharis repens (2) #
Dicliptera cuneata (3) #
Ecbolium viride(3) #
Elytra ha acaulis (1,2,3,4)
Hemigraphis latebrosa (3) #
Indoneesiella echiodes (1,2) #
Justicia adhatoda (3,4)
Justicia procumbens (1) #
Justicia glauca (4) #
Lepidagathis mitis (1) #
Peristrophe paniculata (1) #
Rhinacanthus nasutus (3) #
Rostellulaha japonica (3) #
Stenosiphonium russelianum (3)
VERBENACEAE
Clerodendrum inerme (A)
Clerodendrum phlomides (3,4)
Gmelina arborea (3,4) #
Gmelina asiatica (1,2,3.4) #
Lantana camara (1,2.4)
Phyla nodiflora (4)
Contd.
Premna corymbosa (2) #

Premna latifola (3,4)
Premna tomentosa (2,3,4)
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (1) #
Vitex altissima (3,4)
Vitex leucoxylon (3) #
Vitex negundo (4)
LAMIACEAE
Anisomeles indica (4) #
Anisomeles malabarica (1,3,4)
Basilicum polystachyon (1) #
Hyptis suaveolens (1,2) #
Leonotis nepatifolia (4) #
Leucas aspera (1) #
Leucas biftora (1)#
Leucas diffusa (1)#
Ocimum basilicum (3)
Ocimum tenuiflorum (1)
NYCTAGINACEAE
Boerhavia diffusa (1,2,3)
AMARANTHACEAE
Achyranthes aspera (1,2,3,4)
Aen/alanata (1,2,3)
Allmania nodiflora (1) #
Altemanthera sessilis (1,3)
Amaranthus spinosus (4)
Amaranthus vividis (1)
Celosia argentea (4)
Digera muricata (4)
Gomphrena serrata (1)#
Nothosaen/a brachiata (1) #
Pupalia lappacea (1,2,3,4) #
Trichurus monsoniae (1) #
ARfSTOLOCHI AC E AE
Aristolochia indica (1,2,3,4)
LAURACEAE
Cassytha filiformis (1,2,3,4)
Litsea glutinosa (3,4)
HERNANDIACEAE
Gyrocarpus americanus (4)
Gyrocarpus asiaticus (1,2)
LORANTHACEAE
Dendrophthoe falcata (1,3)
VISCACEAE
Viscum articulatum (2) #
SANTALACEAE
Santalum album (3)
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalypha indica (1,4)
Antidesma ghaesembilla (3) #
Breynia vitis - idaea (2,4)
Brideiia retusa (4)

Cleistanthus patulus (4)
Croton kiotzschianus (3,4)
Dimorphocalyx glabellus (1) #
Drypetes sepiaria (1,2,4)
Euphorbia antiquorum (2,4) #
Euphorbia hirta (1,2)
Euphorbia tirucalli (1,4)
Givotia rottleriformis (4)
Hemicyclea sepiaria (3) #
Homonia riparia (3) #
Jatropha curcas (3,4)
Jatropha glandulifera (3)
Jatropha gossypifolia (1)
Mallotus phillippensis (4)
Margaritaria indica (4)
Phyllanthus amarus (1,3)
Phyllanthus emblica (4)
Phyllanthus polyphyllus (3)
Phyllanthus reticulatus (3)
Phyllanthus virgatus (1,2,3) #
Sebastiania chamaelea (3) #
Securinega leucopyrus (1,3)
Suregada angustifolia (1)
Tragia plukenetii (4)
ULMACEAE
Celtis timorensis (3) it
Holoptelea integhfolia (3)
Trema orientalis (3) #
MORACEAE
Ficus amplissima (1) #
Ficus benghalensis (1,4)
Ficus hispida (1,2)#
Ficus microcarpa (4)
Ficus mollis (1,2)#
Ficus racemosa (1,4)
Ficus religiosa (1) #
ORCHIDACEAE
Habenaria roxburghii (3) it
AGAVACEAE
Sanseviera roxburghiana (4)
HYPOXIDACEAE
Curculigo orchiodes (4)
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea oppositifolia (3,4)
Dioscorea pentaphylla (3,4)
LILIACEAE
Aloe vera (1)
Asparagus racemosus (1,3,4)
Chlorophytum tuberosum (3)#
Gloriosa superba (1,3,4)
Contd
COMMELINACEAE
Commelina attenuate (1,3,4)#
Commelina benghalensis (1.3)
Cyanotis cristate (1)#
ARECACEAE
Phoenix loureirii (2)#
Phoenix pusilla (3)#
Phoenix farinifera (4)
CYPERACEAE
Bulbostylis barbate (1,2)#
Cyperus clarkei (1,2)#
Cyperus compressus (1,4)#
Cyperus difformis (1)#
Cyperus rotundus (1)#
Cyperus triceps (1,3,4)#
Fimbristylis bis-umbeilata (1,3)#
Scleria lithosperma (1)#
POACEAE
Alloteropsis cimicina (1)#
Aristida adscensionis (1,2,3)
Aristida hystrix (1,2)#
Aristida setacea (1,4)
Bambusa arundinacea (3)
Brachiaria reptans (1)#
Chrysopogon fulvus (4)#
Cymbopogon coloratus (4)

Dactyloctenium aegyptium (1)
Dendrocalamus strictus (3)#
Digitaria bicomis (1,2,3)#
Echinochloa colona (1)#
Eragrostis ripaha (1)#
Eragrostis viscosa (1)#
Eragrostiella bifaria (3)#
ischaemum laxum (1,3)#
Panicum notatum (1)#
Paspalum vaginatum (1,3)#
Pemtis indica (1,2,3,4)#
Sehima nervosum (1,2,3)#
Setaria pumila (1,3)#
Tragus roxburghii (1,2,3)#
GYMNOSPERMS
CYCADACEAE
Cycas beddomei (3)
PTERIDOPHYT A
ADIANTACEAE
Adiantum capillus-veneris (3)
HEMINOTIACEAE
Heminotes arifolia (3)#
The focus on endemic and threatened taxa following Ahmedullah & Nayar (1986)
and Rao (1995) revealed that a total of 10 threatened species and 13 species endemic
to peninsular India are recorded from the 4 sacred groves.
The threatened taxa are
Cappairs rotundifolia, Decaschista crotonifolia, Boswellia ovalifoliata, Pterocarpus

santalinus,
Neptunia
oleracea.
Terminate
pallida,
Isonandra
ramosissima, Strychnos colubriria, and Cycas beddomei.
viliosa,
Kickxia
The taxa endemic to
peninsular India and are found in the 4 sacred groves include Cappairs rotundifolia.
Polyalthia cerasoides,
Shorea
tumbaggaia,
Pterocarpus
santalinus.
Rhynchosia
suaveolens. Cassia montana, Dohchandrone atrovirens, Barleria acuminata. B. buxifolia,

Lepidagathis mitis, Achyranthus aspera, Habenaria roxburgii, Fimbristylis bis-umbellata
and Cymbopogon coloratus. The taxa endemic to Andhra Pradesh and found sacred
groves include Boswellia ovalifoliata (restricted to Chittoor, Cuddapah, Nellore districts
only). Terminate pallida and syzygium alternifolium (restricted to Chittoor, Cuddapah,
Nellore and Kurnool districts only).
A close look of the number of taxa encountered in the sacred groves in
comparison with the district flora worked out by Rao (1991) revealed that 48% (442/926)
of the families, 57% (302/525) of the genera and 62% (88/142) of the families reported in
the district flora are recorded from the 4 sacred groves. However, combining the results
of the floristic study of the 6 sacred groves by Bujjamma (1998) and Rao et at. (1995)
with the present results obtained from the 4 major groves revealed that 61% of the
species, 68% of the genera and 80% of the families reported in the district flora by Rao
(1991) are represented in the sacred groves. Of the 27 species reported additions to
Nellore district. 6 species have sparse distribution in Peninsular India.
Boswellia
ovalifoliata and Isonandra viliosa reported in the present study are restricted to NelloreCuddapah-Tirumala hills in Andhra Pradesh. Kickxia ramosissima, a rare taxon is
recollected after 40 years from the district. These results highlight the significant role of
sacred groves in plant biodiversity conservation.
III. PLANTS OF ETHNOBOTANICAL IMPORTANCE
The information regarding the uses of plant species encountered in the major
sacred groves was gathered from the tribal and folklore informants residing in the vicinity
the grove. A total of 89 out of 185 species (48%) encountered in Narasimha Konda
167
sacred grove are atleast with one use. Siddulaiah Konda sacred grove harbours 62%
(65/104) of the plant species with atleast one use. Stambala Kona grove accounts for
77% (151/196) of its flora with atleast one use.
Kona Malleswara Kona grove
encountered 71% (159/221) of its plants species with atleast one use. The details of
uses of plant species category-wise in the 4 sacred groves is provided hereunder
Edible
Narasimha
Konda
33 (17.8%)
Siddulaiah
Konda
29 (27.8%)
Stambala
Kona
54 (27.5%)
Kona Malleswara
Kona
58 (26.2%)
Construction
15 (8.1%)
10(9.6%)
30 (15.3%)
36 (16.2%)
Technology
6 (3.2%)
7 (6.7%)
14 (7.1%)
13 (5.8%)
Medicinal
71 (38.3%)
86 (82.6%)
110 (56.1%)
127 (57.4%)
Miscellaneous
31 (16.7%)
21 (20.1%)
54 (27.5%)
50 (22.6%)
Use category
Narasimha Konda
'Only 38% of the plant species encountered in the grove area are with medicinal
properties Less than 10% of the plant species are used for construction and technology
purpose The observations made during the present study regarding Narasimha Konda
area are already provided in quantitative ethnobotanical studies section. Although there
is a rich diversity of plant species in the grove area, the local people are collecting and
using only the medicinal plants for domestic purpose.
Excluding firewood, Limited
extraction of plant species of other use categories is noticed in the grove area.
Siddulaiah Konda
,
This grove although the smallest of the 4 groves studied, harbours a rich diversity
(83% of the total species) of medicinal plants. The grove encounters 28% of the species
used as food in various ways. The plant species with medicinal importance are being
extracted only in limited amounts by the local herbalists for domestic purpose.
Occasional wood cutting is noticed from the grove area for making agricultural
implements.
Stambala Kona
This grove is an abode of rich diversified plant species. Of the 151 species of
ethnobotanical importance, 110 are associated regarding with medicinal importance.
The important antidiabetic plant Gymnema sylvestre is available in plenty in the grove
area
8 species used as antidotes to snake bite, including Andrographis paniculate,
168
Aristolochia indica, Ceropegia candelabrum, Glycosmis pentaphylla and Polyalthia

korlntii, are also available in the grove area. Despite the prevailing taboos in the grove
area the occasional extraction of the root material used for different diseases is
dwindling the population of many medicinal plants species.
Kona Malleswara Kona
The grove like that of Stambala Kona harbours a rich diversity of plant species
especially of medicinal importance. Only local herbalists are qualified to collect the plant
material for medicinal purpose. Although there are many plant species with various other
uses, the local people rarely extract the plant material from the core area. There are
reports of supply of most of the plant material collected by the herbalists to private drug
manufacturers
One of the most affected species in this context is Gloriosa superba.
Without being aware of its medicinal uses, the tribals are indiscriminately involved in
collecting and selling its tuberous roots and fruits in large quantities due to the great
demand from the drug manufacturers.
IV. CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

An analysis of the conservation strategies of the district sacred groves revealed
that 10 sacred groves are in well preserved condition.
Of the 4 groves studied for
fionstic diversity, Narasimha Konda and Siddulaiah Konda are accorded threatened
status. Siddulaiah Konda is some what safe with limited biotic interference in the form of
firewood cutting On the other hand, Narasimha Konda is noticed with heavy biotic
interference
Apart from heavy fire wood cutting, poaching of animals by Nellore town
people is a common practice in Narasimha Konda. Although this grove is totally under
the ownership of the temple authorities, there are no stringent measures to check the
biotic interference.
However, a positive approach regarding the plant resource
conservation in the grove area is with the maintenance of herbal garden by an Ashram
located with in the grove. Stambala Kona and Kona Malleswara Kona receives absolute
protection by the local yanadi tribals and the rural communities. These people observe a
strict code of conduct. Except with occasional and limited extraction of plant resources,
there is no other sign of damage to the flora in these two groves. Natural regeneration
of many species which is uncommon in the surrounding areas is observed with in the
boundaries of both groves.
169

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CHAPTER - V.A.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION GENERAL ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES

om daily (Uvea, and liveli&oad and

c<M4titate& the xedouiccd afrxm udticA fyzmilie&, comauMitie&.

(1) SYSTEMATIC ENUMERATION

The individual species are described in two parts,

viz., (a) A bhef technical

description and disthbution pattern, (b) The ethnobotanicai information.

deschption of the plant species; the disthbution pattern of the speices is

The abbreviations used in the text are :

Snake bite : Stem and roots as antidote.

broken into pieces, boiled in water and filtered to get decoction.

males in panicles, females in fascicles. Drupelets globose.

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Fruct. 1: 73.t.19.f.2.1788.

Nymphaea pubescens Willd., Sp.PI. 2:1154. 1799.

Kusuma chettu, Bramha donda.

Leaves are ground with water to get paste,

applied on the symptoms twice in a day for three days.

Rohl. in Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin. Neue. Schriften

(1) Body ache and Head ache : Leaves as analgesic.

Fresh leaves are squeezed

Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. V, Muell., Fragm. Phyt. Austr. 10 : 81.1876.

Casearia elliptica Willd., Sp.PI.2:628.1800.

Wood in comb making.

Casearia esculenta Roxb., FI.Ind.2:442,1832.

Mi: Leaves as meal plates.

Tutturabenda, Adavibenda, Nugubenda

Me (1) Fever : Roots as antipyretic. Infusion of roots is prepared. A cup of liquid is

Hibiscus platanifolius (Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 2 51 1827

Adavi buruga, Telia buruga.

Grewia hirsuta Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1:34. 1790.

Common in forests. March-June. V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12448; Siddulaiah

Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., Prodr. 1: 538, 1824.

L., Sp. PI. ed. 2.554. 1762. Limonia elephantum (Correa) in

Trans. Linn. Soc. London 5 :225. 1800,

Occasional along the ravines.

V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12455

Panasabaavi (Venkatagiri durgam), SS 16302.

V.S : Kona Malleswara kona (Venkatagiri

durgam), SS 16241; Siddulaiah kona, SS 18613.

Me : Weakness in children : Leaves as stimulant. Leaves are shade dried. The

Pleurostylia opposiffa (Wallfe Alston in Trimen, Handb. FI. Ceylon 6 (Suppl ):

Common in scrubs. December-March

V.S : Gilakapadu forest, SS 16271

Ziziphus oenoplia (L) Miller, Gard, Diet. ed. 8, n. 8. 1786.

V.S : Udayagiri durgam,

SS 16206 ; Siddulaiah kona, SS 18623

Cissus quadranguiaris L . Mant PI. 39. 1767.

Nela gummadi, Adavi gummadi

Stem bark is dried, powdered, applied on

injuries once in a day, until cured.

applied over the body twice in a day for three days.

Common in deciduous forests. June-October.

V.S : Venkatagiri durgam, SS 12440

Penchaia kona. SS & BR 16232

Pulla mamidi / Adavi mamidi.

Moringa pterigosperma Gaertn , Fruct. 2: 314. 1791.

M. oteifera Lam., Encycl. 1

Me : Diarrhoea in Cattle : Tender shoots as antidiarrhoeat. Such shoots are ground

Clitoria tematea L., Sp. PI. 753. 1753.

Me: (1} Antinatal complications in women : Root bark as panacea

Root bark is cut

Indigofera aspalathoides DC., Prodr. 2 : 231. 1825