IC-NRLF

253 EDI

P A

2095
N8
1912

N READER

MAIN

G,

NUTTING

GIFT OF

A FIRST

READER

LATIN

BY

NUTTING.

H. C.

PH.D.

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN THE UNIVERSITY

OF CALIFORNIA

!>*;

,
i

"*

.*

i**
t*

"***"***

NEW YORK

CINCINNATI

CHICAGO

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

COPYRIGHT, 1912, BY

H.

C.

.NUTTING

ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL, LONDON.

NUTTING.

LATIN READER.

W.P.

*"'

PREFACE
WITH the Primer previously published, this Reader provides for a course of study leading up to Caesar or some
Students who are to give
other author of like difficulty.
years or more to preparatory Latin would normally
devote a year each to the Primer and the Reader but the

five

maturer pupils in the four-year course will cover easily

their first year the work outlined in both books.

in

hoped too, that, aside from use in this regular

sequence, the Reader will be found to meet the needs of
It

many

is

teachers

who

are looking for a carefully graded text

supplementary reading or for translation at sight.

The plan for "beginning Latin" embodied in Primer
and Reader differs from others most fundamentally, perfor

haps, in that it concentrates so definitely upon the problem

and it is
of developing the student's power to read Latin
this
that
second
in
that
with
general design
quite
harmony
book is called a " Reader," and that in it the Latin-English
;

exercises are

massed

at

one point, with notes

at the foot of

the page.

Teachers using the Reader can best cooperate toward

realizing the writer's aim if each recitation period is divided
definitely into two parts, the first to be devoted, without
distraction, to the business of learning to read, the other

being reserved for grammatical drill and for composition

work, oral or written. In this way, without loss in any
essential particular, it will be found possible to bring the
student along, by natural stages, to the point where he will
iii

247517

FIRST LATIN

IV

READER

attack a simple passage from Caesar or Nepos, not as a

Chinese puzzle by laborious effort to be tortured into some-

thing remotely resembling sense, but as a story from the

reading of which some pleasure and profit is to be derived.
For the development of a system of Latin-English
exercises so graded as to serve the purpose for which the
Reader is made, of course no Latin author was available
;

and the
original.

necessarily for the most part

the idea of stimulating interest, and to

text, therefore, is

With

and syntax while

"
the
who
do
not care for (foryet meeting halfway
many
the
first
hundred
lessons
have
been made to
eign) war,"
deal almost entirely with matters of American history, the
bring into play the necessary vocabulary

initial series (1-45) summing up briefly and

chronologically
the main events of the years 1492-1783, and the second

group (46-100) comprising short anecdotes assembled

without regard for chronological sequence.
Next follow
two narratives from Caesar simplified (101-125), an d the
concluding series (126-140) is made up of selections from
the original text of Caesar, Nepos, Suetonius, Sallust, and
Cicero.
This final group, of course, is not a part of the

gradatim plan, but was added that the student might have
the satisfaction of reading some "real Latin." The passage from Suetonius (131), chiefly because of its large
vocabulary, will probably be found too difficult for most
if so, the intrinsic interest of the passage
pupils
may
;

make

it

seem worth the teacher's while

to undertake a

translation for the class.

With a view to discouraging the habit of constant recourse to the general vocabulary, a series of lesson preparations has been provided in the form of a word list
showing the important new words
cise

in

each successive exer-

moreover, with the exception of proper names and

FIRST LATIN READER

numerals, all words which are used in but a single lesson

For teachare defined in the footnotes on that exercise.
ers who are using the Reader as a text for sight reading,
the cross references of the notes may prove helpful as providing a means of locating familiar material with which
to elucidate the lesson of the day.

In preparing the Latin text, I have derived some help

from the handbooks in common use, but my main reliance
has been Merguet's " Lexikon zu den Schriften Casars."
I would also acknowledge gratefully the generous help of
my colleague, Dr. M. E. Deutsch, who has read a large
part of the text and given me the benefit of several valuable
suggestions.

H. C. N.
BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LATIN-ENGLISH EXERCISES
EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY
PACK
1.

Christopher Columbus

2.

Christopher Columbus {con-

3.

tinued}
Christopher Columbus (con-

Christopher Columbus (con-

6.

Captain John Smith

7.

Captain

Smith

John

(con-

Smith

John

Smith

John

11.

Henry Hudson
Henry Hudson (continued}

15.

Unrest

6.

17.

New

in

36.

8.

among

the Indians

War

War

37

Remarkable Deliverance

20.

Captain Church

21.

The Death

of Philip

22.

End

War

Battles of

Boston

Long

41

Campaign

42.

A Roman

43.

The Surrender

44.

Washington

45.

The Father

his

who

...

....

42
43
44
45

46

fought against

48

Country

Life

39

Island

The Retreat from Trenton

Forge
40. Help from France
41. Benedict Arnold

....

The

36

of the Revolu-

39. Valley

20

19. Philip finds Allies

of the

35

38

38. Burgoyne's

Old Friends become Enemies

The Outbreak of King Phil-

....
....

and Trenton

Eng37.

Soldier's Courtship

ip's

The Outbreak

35. Operations about

land

Braddock's Defeat

tion

13. Colonization

14.

32.

34.

Pocahontas

33

of the French

33. Later Events of the

cluded}
10.

32

34

The Beginning

and Indian War

(con-

30
31

31.

{con-

28

George

tinued}

tinued}

12.

of

Boyhood
Washington

Experiences on the Frontier

29. A Dangerous Mission
30. A Dangerous Mission (con-

tinued}

Captain

The

...

The Cabots

Captain

28.

5.

9.

27

27.

chided}

8.

26

Nathaniel Bacon in Virginia

25. Nathaniel Bacon {continued}
26. Nathaniel Bacon (concluded}
24.

tinued}
4.

William Penn and the Friends

23.

of Cornwallis

49

retires to Private
.

....

of his Country

51

52

FIRST LATIN

Vlll

READER

TALES OF LAND AND SEA

PAGE

48.

The Settler's Daughter

The Trials of War
The Attempt to surprise De-

49.

The Attempt

46.
47.

....

troit

troit

to surprise

(continued)

51.

A Successful Ruse
How the Town was

52.

An Example

53.

50.

54.

De-

....
....
Saved

of Fortitude

Hasty Leave-Taking
The Capture of a Man-of.

War
55.

56.

The Fall of New London

The Fall of New London (con.

tinued)
57. Captivity

58.
59.

60.

6 1.

among

the Indians

A Fresh Supply of Powder

A Battle against Great Odds
A Night Attack
A Choice of Evils ....
.

....

67.

Woods
The Battle of Saratoga
Unwelcome Visitors
The Boyhood of Daniel Boone
The End of the Pequots
The End of the Pequots (con-

68.

70.

An English Privateer
A Roman Vandal

62. Lost in the

63.
64.

65.
66.

.'

79

tinued')
Difficult

.
Escape
69. Stories about Daniel Boone

71.

Indian Vengeance
73. A Tale of Brave Women
72.

FIRST LATIN READER

104.

105.

106.

The Advice of the Enemy is

in. A Messenger eludes the
Taken
127
Enemy
137
The Romans are Ambushed 128 112. Caesar heads a Relief Force 138
The Enemy Prevail
130 113. The Besieged learn of Cae.

107. Annihilation of the

Roman

Force
108.

The Gauls

attack a Second

114.
115.

Defense

of

Caesar

133

The Besieged attempt to

Communicate with Caesar 134

no. Heroic

sar's Approach
.139
The Enemy raise the Siege 141
They are Outgeneraled by
.

131

Camp
109.

IX

116.

142

Arrangements for the Rest

of the Winter
143

....

their

Camp

135

AN AFRICAN CAMPAIGN
117. Caesar

lands a

in

P'orce

Africa
118. Operations about Utica
119. Curio gains

an

vantage
1 20. He
maintains

Initial

his

The

Pompeians
Second Reverse

of

152

123.

King Juba marches

148

124.

The Numidians

Relief of Var us

Strategy

.149

their

125. Curio's

Army

is

to the
.

.154

resort

to

155
Annihilated 156

suffer
.

Escape

147

Ad-

Narrow

Commander

Army's

Loyalty to Caesar
121.

122.

145

.151

SELECTED PASSAGES FROM LATIN PROSE AUTHORS

126-128.

An

Gallic

129-130.

An

Civil

WORD

Episode from the

War

131.

158

Episode from the

War

The Death of Caesar.

The Fate of Hannibal

132-133.

186
199

LIST OF
Gallia

Minor

166

163

LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY

As'.a

169
134-136. Catiline's Conspiracy
172
137-140. On the Eastern Frontier 178

LIST

The Scene

MAPS
124

of Curio's Campaign in Africa

146
179

FIRST LATIN

READER

NAVIS

The above

illustration

is

taken from a Pompeian wall painting.

It is interesting particularly as

ing-gear used by the

vessels

sweep.
either

showing the rather primitive steerIn large

for heavy ships of war.

Romans even

two helmsmen worked together, each controlling a single

On small boats one man attended to the steering, using

one oar or two, according

to the construction of the craft.

LATIN-ENGLISH EXERCISES
EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY
LESSON

Christopher Columbus

Quodam

in

oppido

natus est puer, qui

Diu in patris officma laboravit.

Italiae

olim

Columbus appellabatur.
Sed prope erat mare, puerque saepe ad

litus Ibat, ut vide-

quae e portu ad terras exibant diversas. In

navibus erant homines multl, et Columbus mare ipse transturn autem pecuniam nullam habebat.
Ire saepe voluit
Sed postea, cum iam iuvenis esset, usque ad Britanniam
ret naves,

Africam navigavit.

et

Illls

io

temporibus nautae timebant mare Atlanticum, cur-

sumque prope litus tenebant. Interdum autem secundum

Africae oram longe navigatum erat, quod Henricus, rex
Lusitaniae, invenlre viam volebat, qua naves circum Afri-

cam

progressae, ad

Line
F.,

lit.

2.

officma

Asiam pervenire

officma, -ae,

workshop.
7. usque ad: all the
even to.
9.

illis

11.

p.).

lit.

//

had

been sailed (im-

personal passive).

way

12.

to,

qua:

by

which;

antece-

dent, viam.

temporibus: in those

13.

possent:

could',

subjunc-

tive in a relative clause of purpose.

days.
10.

sailed,

possent.

interdum not interim.

oram: i.e. litus (ora,

In

-ae,

navigatum erat people had

:

translating the verb

possum,

some other rendering than "be

able

"

should often be chosen.

''LATIN

READER

terram esse rotundam, Columbusque etiam sperare coeperat se translre mare Atlanticum
posse, et ita ad Asiam pervenlre nemo enim intellegebat
terram tarn magnam esse, nee Columbus ipse suspicatus
;

5est

Americam

interponi.

LESSON

Christopher Columbus {Continued)

Columbus tamen

Interim Henricus rex mortuus erat.

in

Lusitaniam profectus

est,

suum

ut regl turn ibi

regnum

obti-

aperiret sed pecuniam, quam peteEx Lusitania igitur in Hispaniam

n5lebat
rex.
dare
bat,
ubi
rex Ferdinandus Isabellaque belfecit
loiter
Columbus

nenti consilium

lum cum Mauris gerebant, nee quisquam advenam libenter

audiebat.
Itaque ille, ubi cognovit regem et reginam nolle
ea f acere quae speraverat, ad Galliam versus profectus est
cum autem montes translret, nuntius est consecutus, qul
dixit velle iam Isabellam parare naves pecuniamque dare.
Qua re audlta, Columbus laetus rediit, nautasque validos
;

15

quaerere coepit; sed paene omnes, perlculum veritl, cum

eo navigare nolebant.
Postremo autem e portu exiit tribus cum navibus parvis,
20

quae Pinta, Nina, Santaque Maria appellabantur

i.

a noun.

quidam: masc. pi., used as

rotundam: rotundus, -a,

and

4.

nee

5.

interponi:

lit.

not.

to

lie

be-

tween.
7.

obtinenti

modifying
10.
11.

pres.

ubi: temporal conjunction.

ea: (neut. pi.) the things.

15.

velle

16.

laetus

'willing.

17.

veritl

perf. part,

of vereor

be translated as a present,
the Latin use being somewhat
to

ubi: (but) there.

nee quisquam arid nobody.

was

gladly, or with joy.

Latin adj. is often best translated by an adverb or a phrase.

part.

regl.

cumque

13.

12.

-um, round, or spherical.

inexact.

FIRST LATIN

READER

paucos dies navigasset, ad msulas quasdam pervenit, in

quibus inveniuntur plurimae aves, quarum cantus est pulTurn per ignotum mare fortiter progressus est.
cherrimus.

LESSON

Christopher Columbus (Continued)

Cum

multa milia passuum Columbus navigasset neque

5terram vidisset ullam, nautae vehementer timere coeperunt, quod multa audiverant de navibus, quae longe per

mare Atlanticum progressae domum numquam postea rediin Hispaniam igitur' statim redire volebant, dux
erant
tamen noluit. Quare ill! primo habuerunt in animo Co10 lumbum etiam in mare iacere
postremo autem eorum
;

a duce mltigatl sunt.

Olim nauta quidam credebat se terram videre, et omnes
gaudebant nubem autem viderat ille, non terram. Sed

animi

Iratl

15

paucis post diebus ramum invenerunt et bacas in marl

natantes, ac Columbus sensit se iam terrae appropinquare.
Mox noctu ignem quoque in lltore viderunt, ac mane ad

Insulam pervenerunt parvam, ubi

paucos dies morati sunt.

Inde profectus, Columbus

harenam

laeti in

alias

quoque msulas

egressl
adiit, in

Gazas tamen inve20 quibus erat ea, quae Cuba appellatur.

nlre non potuit, quas quaerebat.
Putabat enim se iam ad
1.

navigasset:

i.e.

navigavis-

set.
2.
4.

6.
11

plurimae see
neque: cf. nee,
multa: many
mltigatl sunt
:

later,

multus.

few days

p. 2,1.4.

difference).

(stories}.

were calmed

(mltigo, i).
13.

paucis post diebus: a

14.

days

nubem: nubes, -is, f.^clond.

15.

lit.

(abl.

natantes:

nat5.

iam

sent, p.

i, 1.

few

afterward by a
of

degree

pres.

part,

at length.
21. potuit see the note

of
of

13.

on pos-

FIRST LATIN READER

quare incolas earum insularum, quas

Indos appellavit.

Asiam pervenisse
adierat,

LESSON

Christopher Columbus (Concluded}

Columbum amabant isque, cum ad Hispaniam redquadam coloniam parvam rellquit.

mox
Indls f ecerunt ac brevl ad unum
tamen iniurias

Indi

iturus esset, in Insula

5

ColonI

ab

els interfecti sunt.

Interim Columbus ipse

domum properabat;

subito autem,

mare navigaret, tempestate maxima coorta,

paene completae sunt. Turn ille scripsit
dolia conditas in mare iecit credebat enim

cum

laetus per
naves fluctibus

quas in
nullam iam esse spem, putabatque dolia posse ad lltus ventis ferri, civesque suos ita certiores fieri de els Insulis, quas

10 litteras,

Sed maris violentiam naves sustinuerunt,

ipse invenerat.
et
15

Columbus

Hispaniam incolumis pervenit* ubi rex

in

regina eius rebus gestis gaudebant,

eumque

et

fecerunt insu-

larum praefectum.
Postea ad Americam Columbus semel atque iterum naviRem autem haud fellciter gessit, inopsque pogavit.
stremo mortuus est. Etiam turn terras, quas invenerat,
20

Asiae partem esse credebat.

3.

rediturus esset:

was about

to return.
5.

to

brevi

i.e.

ad unum:

mox.

a man.
8.

laetus:

(and)

cf.

p. 2,

lit.

16.

what?

12. certiores fieri

or learn,

1.

d51ium, -i, N., cask.

freely, he placed ...
:

lit.

be

be informed,
certain.

made more

Supply posse with

this clause.

violentiam: violentia,

-ae,

force.
14.

cf.

10. d51ia

conditas

13.
F.,

incolumis:

laetus,
15.

1.

eius

8.

for rendering,
ubi: there.

rebus gestis:

in

his

exploits.
16. praefectum
cf. the predicate accusative (Indos) with appellavit, 1.2.
:

18. inops (-opis, adj.)

erty.

in

pov

FIRST LATIN

READER

LESSON

The Cabots
Interim vir quidam, nomine Cabot, a Britannia cum nave
parva nautlsque paucfs profectus est atque ad Americam
pervenit.
QuI non solum Insulas adiit, sed etiam earn ter5

ram, quae nunc Canada appellatur. Postea Idem cum fllio

ad Americam iterum navigavit, ac multa mllia passuum
secundum Htus progressus, Indos vidit multos. Interim

nautae prope Insulas quasdam morabantur, ut piscls caperent.

Qui, cum domum incolumes redlssent, amlcls suls
10

multa narraverunt de rebus mirls, quas vlderant; quin

etiam dlxerunt se ursas vldisse in mare progredientes, ut
piscls raperent.

Cabot fllius postea omnls in partes navigavit, ac diu

conatus est viam invenire, qua circum Europam navigare
atque ita ad Asiam pervenlre posset; earn tamen viam
est.
Olim, cum iam
neque ipse diutius navigare posset, dona magna
dlcitur dedisse nautls quibusdam, quos forte cognoverat
parva in nave ad terras Ignotas prefectures esse; adeo

isnumquam

invenit,

neque nunc nota

esset senex

navis nautasque semper amavit.

i.

a from.
:

8.

qui,

13.

earn: the.

3. qui: he.

cum (and ) when they.

:

incolumes: cf. p. 4, 1. 14.

9. multa: cf.ea, p. 2,1. 13, and
multa, p. 3, 1. 6. This noun use
of the neuter of adjectives and

pronouns

is

exceedingly frequent
rendering
varies with the context.
10. ursas: ursa, -ae, p., bear.
in Latin.

The English

12. filius: the younger.

cf.

qua

qua, p.
15.

neque

dlcitur

way by which

cf.

nee, p. 2,

is

common

imperfect,

and

1.

4.

(any) longer.
lit.
he is said.

This personal passive

tion

12.

1.

16. diutius:
17.

of

abl.

i,

cbnstruc-

the present,
future tenses of
in

verbs of saying, thinking, and the

like.

18. prefectures esse:

turus esset, p. 4, 1. 3.

cf.

redi-

FIRST LATIN

READER

LESSON

Captain John Smith

Quod

colon!,

qul ex

aurum multum

Hispania in Americam deductl

argentum ibi inveniebant, BritannI

colonos
quosdam mlserunt, qui castra ponerent ea
quoque
in terra, quae Virginia appellatur.
Quos colonos Indi mox
adortl sunt, sagittlsque occiderunt paucos
castra tamen
erant,

et

prope ripam posita erant, ac nautae e navibus

inmiserunt in hostes, qul se celeriter in

tela

silvas

plurima
recipere

coactT sunt.

Brevi autem erat perlculum etiam maius nam paene

loomnis consumptus est cibus, quern colon! a Britannia navibus vexerant. Statim igitur eorum dux, nomine Faber, vir
;

fortis,

cum scapha pauclsque

adverso flumine

militibus

longe progressus est, ut frumentum quaereret, quod incolae

libenter dabant pro rriigls quas colon! secum ferebant.
15

Postea dux idem,

cum

iterum

ut invenlret
prpfectus esset

viam, qua ad Asiam naves pervenire possent (omnes enim

iam intellegebant Americam non esse Asiae partem), fortiter pugnans ab Indis captus est.

LESSON

Captain John Smith (Continued)

20

Postremo tamen in coloniam incolumis reductus, Faber

postea per lltora omnia iter fecit sperabat enim semper
;

3. ifcnerent: cf. the note on

ea: modifier
possent, p. i, 1. 13.
of terra: for translation, cf. earn,

p. 5,

1.

4.

10.

ships ;

12.

adverso

stream;
14.

lit.

nugls

flumine: up

what?
:

nugae,

-arum,

p.,

3.

trifles.

quos: these (adj.).

navibus: freely, in their
strictly, abl. of means.

16. omnes: everybody, cf. the

noteonquidam,p.2,l. I. The noun
use of the masc. pi. is very frequent.

FIRST LATIN

READER

se flumen esse inventurum, quo Americam transire et ita

ad Asiam pervenire posset. In itineribus et dux et mllites
noctu saepe frigora maxima ferre cogebantur turn, remoto
;

baud procul

ignl et
5

loco, ubi ignis

collocate,

modo

huml

iacere solebant

eodem

Interdum aquam dulcem non

fuerat.

habebant, eorumque panis fluctibus corruptus est.

Olim in eos, cum prope Htus qu^ddam navigarent, ab
incolis sagittae subito ex arboribus

missae sunt

milites

cum

postea in litore eosdem Indos corbulas manibus

lotenentes vldissent, incolas velle frumentum sibi dare credi-

tamen,

Dux autem, Insidias veritus, milites iussit hostes

arm5rum terrere turn, cum Indl perterriti in
sono
prius
silvas fiagissent, colon! ad litus venerunt, et in harena dona
derunt.

Quae cum

posuerunt multa.
15

ac colonis iam factl amici,

Indl invenissent, gaudebant,

els libenter dederunt.

frumentum

LESSON

Captain John Smith (Continued)

Dum

haec

prope coloniam habitabant,

colonorum copias saepe rapiebant quin etiam interdum
Indl, qui

flunt,

esse

1.

quo:

find.

inventurum:

would

cf.

1.

qua, p.
et: both

2.

et

3.

maxima:

renderings

Vocab.

of

for

i,
.

the

12.

and.

various

magnus, see

turn:

the

at such times.

remoto: removes, 2, -movl, -mStus,

move.
4. huml: on the ground; locaeodem loco the prepotive case.
sitions in and ex are often lacking
:

with loco and

5.

interdum:

dul(:em
6.

locis.

cf.

p. i,

1.

10.

dulcis, -is, -s, fresh.

panis

(-is,

M.)

bread.

corruptus est: corrumpo,

3,

-rupi,

-ruptus, spoil.
9-

basket.

corbulas:

corbula, -ae, p.,

for syntax, cf.

manibus:

navibus, p.

6,

1.

10.

quae: these (noun),

15. factiamici: freely, becoming
friendly (facti from fio)
English
often uses a pres. part, where the
perfect would be more exact,
16. haec
these things.
fiunt
in connection with dum, the pres.
indie, is rendered as an imperfect.
17. rapiebant: would steal; a
common meaning of the impf. indie.
14.

FIRST LATIN READER

arma quoque e colonia rapta sunt, donee unus ex Indis, qui

ea tractare nesciebat, ita ipse paene se interfecit.
Postremo e Britannia venerunt colon! novi, qui Fabro,
5

de quo supra dm, amid non erant. A quibus domum redlre

Sed
coactus, numquam postea ille ad Virginiam revenit.
per mare Atlanticum saepe navigavit, atque olim pervenit
usque ad terram, quae nunc Britannia Nova appellatur.
Ibi nautae, Ioc5 idoneo compluris dies morati, pisces ceperunt multos, quos sale condltos postea in Britanniam

10

Interim dux parva in scapha multa milia

reportaverunt.

passuum secundum

litus

progressus,

frumentum pellesque

ab incolls emebat.
Qui,

15

cum demum

in

Britanniam redlre

pluris in naves accepit ac

est perventum omnesque

vellet,

Indos com-

secum domum reduxit Quo ubi

iam e navibus egressl sunt, unus

e praepositls Indos pauc5s se sequi navemque iterum conscendere iussit; turn clam ad Hispaniam cum captlvls
Ibi autem cum Indos vendere conamiserls profectus est.
sacerdotes
retur,
quldam, qui de eius consili5 certiores fact!

ad navem statim properaverunt

20 erant,

a quibus captlvl

servati sunt.
1.

ex:

2.

tractare

ipse

of.

(how)

to handle.

se: freely, his own self.

i.e. to
England.

4.

domum

5.

revenit

the prefix re- often

cf. reportaverunt

means "back";
(1.

10), reduxit

(1.

14),

and re(d)-

Ire (1. 4).

7.

usque ad: as far as.

8.

loco

9.

the note on p.
salted
sale conditos
:

cf.

ii.

pelles

14.

freely.

in naves accepit
secum: i.e. se

down

pellis, -is, F., skin,

he.

other

meanings of the word see

Vocab.

the

translate

+ cum.

quo: there] lit. whither.

15. est perventum: cf. the impersonal passive on p.

7,1. 4.

(condio, 4, season ; sal, salis, M. ?

salt) ; condltos modifies quos.

or pelt.

13. qui, cum: when .

vellet
was ready ; for

i,

1.

11,

and

translate according to the conomnes cf. p. 6, 1. 16text here.

:

16.

praepositls: praepositus,

M., officer.
19. certiores

p. 4,

1-

12.

fact!

erant:

-I,

cf.

FIRST LATIN

READER

SACERDOS

Above

is

shown the

the ruins of the

statue of a Vestal Virgin found at

Rome

Temple of Vesta, a goddess upon whose

in

altar a

pure bright fire was always kept burning, and whose public
worship was in the hands of virgin priestesses chosen in childhood
for

a term of thirty years' service. The Vestal Virgins were held

even the consuls yielding them precedence

in the highest honor,

when they appeared

saved,
as

if

in public

and a condemned criminal was

he were but fortunate enough to meet some of them

he was being led away to execution.

FIRST LATIN

io

READER

LESSON

Captain John Smith (Concluded)

Faber interim coldniam

parabat,

cum

brevlque

in

Britanniam

militibus

ac

Novam

deducere
sedecim ad

nautls

Americam versus profectus est. Cum autem mare translret,

subito tempestas magna est coorta, ac naves fluctibus paene
5

fractae sunt

quare

domum

redire coactus est.

Sed paulo post cum una nave parva iterum profectus,

multos dies ad Americam versus fellciter navigavit. Turn,
conatus

plratis procul vlsis, frustra effugere

tamen invent! sunt

Piratae

est.

milites esse, quos ipse olim in

Europa
ducem suum veterem volebant secum
autem ad Americam cursum tenere maluit. Sed

icduxerat; qui igitur

navigare,

is

paucis post diebus Galli quidam, qu! per maria omnia prae-

dam quaerebant, eius navem ceperunt, ipsumque suam navem

longam coegerunt conscendere. Ibi cum moraretur, eius
15

nautae, qui

domum

redire iam diu volebant, clam dederunt

Britanniam pervenerunt. Ubi tamen

incolumesque
dederunt
cum demum redisset Faber, qui
poenas postea
cum Gallls diu navigare coactus erat. Numquam postea
ille coloniam deducere c5natus est.
in

vela,

ad

2.

1.

p. 2,
6.

...

versus:

for;

cf.

13.

paulo post:

little

later,

lit.

afterward by a

cis

post diebus, p. 3, 1. 14.

procf. the note on facti, p. 7,

little', cf.

pau-

fectus:
1.

invent! sunt

g.

ropa

esse:

be; lit. what

note the case.

proved

to

moraretur:

was

detained.

15.

iam diu:

in

connection

with such adverbial words and

phrases as iam, iam diu, etc., an
imperf. has almost the force of a
pluperf.
i.e.

15.

14.

16.

i.e.

Eu-

dederunt vela :sc.ventis,

set sail.

incolumes:

cf.

p. 4,

1.

ubi: see the note on p. 4,

14.

14.
1.

FIRST LATIN

LESSON

READER

10

Pocahontas

Prope coloniam, quam BritannT in Virginiam deduxerant,

habitabat quidam rex Indus, cui erat fllia pulchra.
Puella,
quae Pocahonta appellabatur, colonos amavit, olimque ser-

eum ducem, de quo supra multa dlxi; nam tracum ille ab Indis captus esset, hostesque eum
interficere vellent, regis filiam suum corpus interposuisse.
Id tamen multl credunt numquam esse factum, Fabrumque
vaverat

ditum

est,

postea mentltum esse.

honta colonos saepe

Sed frumento

iuvit, et

certe et carne Poca-

quondam ad oppidum nuntium

cum hostes oppidanos occidere pararent.

Interdum colonl, quorum copiae semper parvae erant,
fame paene perierunt qum etiam olim, quamquam libenter
equos quoque edebant, homines multl mortul sunt. Turn,
impetum Indorum timentes, oppidan! ipsam rapuerunt
Pocahontam mensesque multos pro obside tenuerunt, ut
Puellam, dum in
pater, fllia capta, amlcus esse cogeretur.
oppido moratur, unus ex colonis amare coepit.
Qui, cum
earn in matrimonium duxisset, ad Britanniam cum uxore
est profectus
ubi paulo post Pocahonta mortua est

lomisit,

15

2.
lit.

cui

erat:

4.

who had;

p. 5,

is

short for transdo,

hand over, pass

along).

suum: emphatic position,

her own. When a possessive adj.
6.

is
it

employed
is

noun
it

multa: much; cf. multa,

1.
traditumest: it is re9.

lated (trado
lit.

freely,

what?

for clearness merely,

apt to follow

the

modified

is

when

it

precedes the noun,

often best rendered as

suum

here.

id:

7.

multl
p. 2,

1.

i.e.

the

incident.

the note on quidam,

cf.

I.

as.

15.

prd

17.

moratur:

for the force of

the tense, see the note

p. 7,

1.

16.

on

flunt,

FIRST LATIN

12

LESSON

READER
ii

Henry Hudson

Hoc fere tempore Batavl, qui volebant viam invenlre,

qua circum Europam ad Asiam navigari posset, paraverunt
navem, cui erat nomen Luna Dlmidia, et Hudsonem, virum
5

Britannicum, ducem f ecerunt.

Ille primo circum Europam navigare frustra Conatus, ad
Americam deinde profectusest, quod ibi audiverat esse freta,

quibus naves in Asiam translre possent.

tum est, multa mllia passuum secundum

cumque
10

15

Quo

ubi perven-

litus

navigavit;
loca multa expl5rasset, postremo pervenit ad Insu-

lam, ubi nunc est oppidum, quod Eboracum Novum appelHie IndT subito adortl sunt nautas, qui cum scaphis
latur.

portum explorabant, sagittisque hominem interfecerunt

unum.
Quo facto, dux du5s Indos rapuit navemque conscendere
Turn insula relicta, adverse flumine prof ectus est
coegit.
cum autem baud longe navigasset, captivl e navi se iecerunt
Inin aquam, et nando ad ripam incolumes pervenerunt.
;

terim navis leniter progrediebatur, moxque in conspectu

erant montes, quorum incolae frumentum copiasque alias
20 nautis libenter

1.

tax,
I.

hoc
cf.

vendiderunt.
for

.tempore:

illls

temporibus,

I,

navigari posset lit. it could

be sailed', cf. the impersonal passive

navigatum

erat,

p.

i,

1.

II.

1.

cf.

Dlmidia:

Half

(dimidius,

-a, -urn).

7.

quo

cf. p. 8, 1. 14.

navigasset, p.

quo

15.

advers5 flumine

3,

I.

1.

this (noun).

14.

cf.

p.

6,

12.

gerund, by swimthe phrase nando

pervenerunt may be rendered freely

nando:

17.

3.

explorasset: having
For the form of the

explored.
verb,

9.
2.

cum

9.

synp.

ming
"

swam."

READER

FIRST LATIN

LESSON

13

12

Henry Htidson (Continued)

Cum

inde dies paucos

dux ipse e navi

flu mine

adverse navigatum esset,

ripam egressus incolas convenit, qul

libenter sagittas suas fregerunt omnis, ut advenae intelIbi baud diu moratus, Hudso
legerent se esse amicos.
sed postremo flumen invenit
5 iterum leniter progressus est
ad
ac
sensit
se
hac
Asiam pervenlre non posse.
fieri,
angustius
ad
mare
rediit, brevlque domum profectus est.
Itaque
Faucis post mensibus Batavi naves alias et homines
miserunt, qui cum Indls negotiarentur ac postero anno dux
10 Idem, cum a Britannia ad Americam iterum profectus esset,
mare maximum sub septentrionibus invenit, quod nunc eius
nomine appellatur. Ibi menses multos hiemare coactus est.
Turn demum, cum cibus iam omnis consumptus esset, nautae
sceleratl, duce in scapha relicto, in altum vela dederunt.
in

Hudsonem nemo postea

15

vidit

sed nautae, paucls amissis,

domum

pervenerunt:
quamquam prlmo fame
omnes paene perierant; paucls enim avibus exceptis, non
habebant quod essent, donee in conspectum venit navis,

incolumes

cuius magister eos frumento aliisque rebus iuvare potuit.

4.

baud

diu

freely,

but a

short time.

degree

6. angustius: predicate adj.,

hac
agreeing with flumen, 1. 5.
cf. the note on qua, p. 5,
sc. via
:

1.

13.
9.

negotiarentur:

on possent,
10.

cum

cf. p. 12,

11.

1.

perlative.

i, 1.

p.
.

9,

mare:

mighty ;

a high
without distinctly comparing one thing with
another.
sub
septentrionibus
i.e. toward the north
(septentri" Great
ones, -um, M., the
Bear").
14. altum: the deep (sea).
paratives

and

cf.

the note

13.

profectus esset:
the note.

bay.

maximum:

absolute use of the su-

In a similar way, com-

in

indicate

may

general,

15.

amissis:

17.

paucls.

i.e.
.

by death.

exceptis

freely,

with the exception of a few.

18. quod essent: (anything) to
eat (essent from edo) Asantecedent for the relative, supply id (ace.).
.

READER

FIRST LATIN

14

LESSON
Colonization in

13

New England

Faucis post annls BritannI complures, qui apud Batavos

diu habitaverant, in Americam cum liberls atque uxoribus
Qui, cum pervenissent ad litus
quae nunc Britannia Nova appellatur, impetum

emigrare constituerunt.
eius terrae,
5

Indorum

veritl,

legatum, nomine Standisium,

cum

militi-

bus paucis miserunt, qui loca undique exploraret. 111!

igitur multa milia passuum secundum litus progress!
sunt,

cum

navigarent interdiu, noctesque autem in

litore

agerent.
10

15

Primd terrae incolas raro vlderunt; olim tamen, cum

mane proficlscl pararent unusque ex mllitibus omnium arma
in scapha iam collocavisset, Indi subito e silva magn5 clamore eruperunt, sagittisque vulneraverunt paucos. Sed
milites statim ad scapham cucurrerunt, ut arma caperent,
hostesque celeriter fugere coactl sunt.
Postremo ad portum tutum perventum

ubi tribus ante

est,

annls multi habitaverant Indi; qui iam ad

de re certiores

Qua
eum locum venerunt,

perierant.

ad
20

facti,

cdonl

unum morbo

reliqui

quoque

ibique e navi in litus egressT, dis

egerunt gratias castraque posuerunt.

Est in

etiam

lltore

nunc saxum, quod AmericanI semper coluerunt colentque

2.

Hberis atque uxoribus:

sc.

14.

arm

suis.
3. qui,

cum:

6.

exp!5raret

8.

cum

by a

cf. p. 5,
:

1.

8.

note the mood.

navigarent: translate

11.

seldom.

omnium: used

arma caperent:

i.e.

to

17.

1.5.
18.

ad unum: utterly;

qua

de

re:

i.e.

cf.

p. 4.

de

hac

re.

participial phrase.

10. rar5: adv.,

ut

themselves.

as a masc.

noun, modifier of arma.

19.

dis: from deus.

21. coluerunt:

cultus, venerate.

colo,

3,

colui,

FIRST LATIN

IUNO, REGINA

READER

DEORUM

The chief deities worshiped by the Romans were twelve in

number
namely, Jupiter, Neptune, Vulcan, Mars, Mercury,
:

Apollo, Juno, Minerva, Vesta, Ceres, Venus, and Diana.

these,

many minor

divinities

were recognized.

Besides

FIRST LATIN READER

16

semper, quod hie demum e navi egress! sunt Britanni

qul postea maiores peregrinantes appellati sunt.

LESSON
A

illi,

14

Soldier's Courtship

Hieme proxima morbo aut fame colon! complures perieI lie,

runt, quorum in numero erat StandisI quoque uxor.
in
matrimonium
volebat
ducere
uxore
mortua,
5
quandam
puellam pulchram, cui erat nomen Prissilla sed, cum se
;

sentlret militem

asperum

esse,

rem ipse

tractare noluit,

mlsit, qul puellae patrem convenlret.

luvenis, qul forte ipse quoque Prissillam amare coeperat,
loamlco tamen deesse nolebat. Quare maestus profectus est,

iuvenemque quendam

leniterque per litus ad puellae domum versus ambulavit.

Quo cum pervenisset resque esset proposita, pater statim
se

non

nolle dixit.

Cum

autem iuvenis cum

Prissilla ipsa

de virtute legati eiusque rebus gestis loqueretur, ilia diu

"
Nonne pro te," inquit, 4< diciStacita audivit, turn rldens
"
turus es ?
Qua voce ille vehementer commotus domum
:

ad legatum
1.

2.

Qul primo amlcum

rediit.

quod: conjunction.
maiores as noun, Fathers.
:

peregrlnantgs
Pilgrim
I
travel abroad )
:

grinor,

(pere-

n. domum:

domum
6)

1.

have regularly

silla:

the gen.

nouns
6.

12.

this short

so also some

in -ium.

form of

common

residence;

quo

13.

cf.

the note on p.

non

we would say "to

14. eius

bus gestis:

i.e.

cf.

of Standish.

p. 4,

however, the note on p. 14, 1. 8.

10. maestus
cf the rendering

dicturus

of laetus, p. 2,

rediturus esset, p. 4,

1.

6.

Pris-

cilia."

Accent, Standfsi.

8,

{his} errand.
with nolle.
cum Pris-

res:

14.

cum -.causal conjunction ;cf.,

:

with

in this

i.e.
quorum in numero
StandisI: filius
among whom.
and proper names in -ius and -him

4.

acerbls

meaning, the preposition cannot be omitted (as in 1.

1

verbis

15.

nonne
es

1.

n5n

i.e.

going

to
1.

re-

15.
-f ne.

speak
3.

cf.

FIRST LATIN READER

17

postremo tamen sSnsit non illius culpa rem ita ceItaque paucis post mensibus a iuvene Prissilla in

accepit,
cidisse.

matrimonium ducta

est,

Standisius autem sibi uxorem aliam

sumpsit

LESSON
Unrest
5

among

15

the Indians

prope coldniam habitabant, paene omnes inimicl

timebant legatum Standisium, de quo
vehementer
sed
erant,
dux
nam
fortissimus, libentissime bellum
is,
supra dm;
IndT, qul

semper gessit, neque umquam perlcuium ullum recusavit.

Qui tamen non erat crudelis olim enim, cum ad oppidum
lolndorum inimlcorum profectus esset hostesque vicisset,
tres Indos vulneratos domum secum reduxit, ut eorum
;

vulnera

Hoc
15

ibi

curarentur.

fere

tempore colonl

alii,

a Britannia profecti, haud

procul condiderunt oppidum alterum. Turn demum Indi

vehementer commotl, concilio convocato, oppida ambo incendere colonosque ipsos interficere constituerunt sed rex,
quidam, qul cojonos amabat, ad Standisium properavit,
;

eumque de hostium consilio certiorem fecit. Periculo cognito,

legatus statim cum mllitibus paucis ad alterum oppidum
20 profectus est.

i.

illius

fault of

cum

Ibi Indi,

arbitrati se facile

culpa: through (any)

iuvenis
i.e. of the

his,

(culpa, -ae, F.)-

vidissent milites esse paucos,

Standisium terrere posse,

rem the
:

affair.

15. concili5
1.

el

ostenderunt

contrast consilio,

18.
18. periculo cognito

freely,

hav-

neque umquam: and

never] cf. the rendering of nee
quisquam, p 2, 1. n. In translation, nee (neque) should always,
if possible, be resolved thus into

ing learned of the danger A literal

rendering of cognitus in the abl.
absol. construction would often be
awkward.
21. arbitrati: cf. the use of

connective and negative.

veriti, p. 2,

8.

1.

17.

READER

FIRST LATIN

i8
slcas,

ac verborum quoque contumelias adiunxerunt.

paucis post diebus,

Sed

cum quidam Pecsuot cum

legato loqueretur, is, slgno mllitibus dato, Pecsuotis sicam subit5 rapuit,
eaque ipsum interfecit simul mllites, comites Pecsuotis
;

eos

adortl,

otnnes occiderunt.

Quo

Indi

facto,

reliqui

perterriti fugerunt, nee diutius de caede colonorum cogitabant Gill.

LESSON

16

Old Friends become Enemies

El

regi,

a quo colonl de suo perlculo consiliisque Indorum

duo erant filii, qul quoque colonls diu

certiores fact! sunt,

Patre autem mortuo, iuvenes suspicarl coeperunt bene emisse colonos, quibus silvas Indi vendiderant;

loamici erant.

novam

turn

vlderunt

Quod
15

religionem elves suos amplecti baud libenter

itaque mox de bello cogitabant.
ubi c5gnitum est, e colonia mllites miss! sunt, qui
:

fratrem maiorem, nomine Alexandrum, pro obside in oppidum secum reducerent. I lie autem ibi morbo affectus est

cumque postea domum redlsset, apud suos brev!

est.
Quo facto, Alexandrum veneno periisse ar-

gravl;

mortuus
bitrati,

i.e.

Indi slcas securesque suas acuere statim coeperunt.

verborum

1.

insulting

contumelias:

words;

lit.

adiunxerunt: adiungo,

what?

3, -iunxl,

2.

quidam: a

3.

is: i.e. Standish.

4.

ea: note the case.

The

mortuo translate
:

or "after."

n. bene emisse

-iunctus, add.

him.

10. patre

"
"
by a clause introduced by when

a good bargain

certain.

12.

intensive

ipsum:
pronoun

lit.

i.e.

had made

what?

turn: furthermore.

elves

suos: subject of the infin.

note the tense.
13. cogitabant
:

points a contrast between Pecsuot

14.

and

gravl
modifying morbo.
suos as noun, his own people.
19. acuere: acuo, 3, acui, acu-

his

5.

6.
cf.

companions (comites).

quo:

cf. p.

nee diutius

12,
:

14.

1.

8.

17.

quo,

1.

5.

and no longer ;

the note on p. 17,

a massacre.

1.

cf.

quod:

caede:

This proceeding,
sharpen.
of course, portended war.

tus,

FIRST LATIN

READER

SECURES ET SICA

Two

ancient battle-axes are shown above, one complete, the

other lacking a handle.
The dagger was found in a tomb in
Etruria.

FIRST LATIN

20

READER

demum

Turn

oppidan! alterum fratrem, qui Philippus

appellabatur, ad coloniam deduxerunt, eumque coegerunt

arma omnia tradere, quae ipse comitesque f erebant nee

vero dlmiserunt hominem, donee pollicitus est se reliqua
quoque arma traditurum, quae domi Indi habebant.
;

LESSON

17

The Outbreak of King Philip's

War

Philippus, qui patre et fratre mortuis iam ipse rex erat,

domum profectus, Indos ad arma vocavit. Qui eum

Iratus

libenter secuti sunt

10

quln etiam olim quendam clvem

suum

regis consilia colonis prodiderat.

quod
Complura iam erant colonorum oppida; sed Indi prlmo
tantum vlllls admoverunt ignis bovesque rapuerunt nam,
interfecerunt,

a sacerdotibus moniti, hominem occidere nullum ausi sunt,

donee a colonis Onus ex ipsorum numero vulneratus est.
J

Turn demum, omnibus oppidis oppugnatis, caedes maxima

5est facta, ac col5ni miseri, alii cum aquam peterent, alii

cum

vlllls in

Olim

hostes,

oppida fugerent, tmdique occisl sunt.

cum

in castellum

quoddam impetum

fecis-

sent sagittasque ardentes mlsissent in tectum, postremo

ipsi quoque castello ignem admovere conati sunt.
Qua re

2oanimadv
4.
5.

domi

ersa, colon!, qui se fortiter

hominem:

the

man.

traditurum:
esse.
sc.
at home ; for the case, cf.

huml, p.

7,

1.

4.

multas horas defende-

13.

ipsorum: their own.

15.

alii.

hostes,

17.

.alii:

cum

others.

some

as.

cum:

when

the

suum: of theirs.
12. hominem: standing in contrast to villis and boves of the

enemy. Note the changed order

in: upon.
of the English.

preceding clause.

qua

8.

19. .ipsi:

re

this.

modifying

castello.

FIRST LATIN
rant,

omnem

salutis

READER

spemiam deponebant;

21

sed subito imber

coortus est maximus, quo ignes sunt extinct!.

Quare Indi

conatu desistere coactl sunt.

LESSON
A
Hoc
5

fere

18

Remarkable Deliverance

tempore

alio in

oppido latebat imperator quldam,

quod rex Britannorum

qui e Britannia paul5 ante f ugerat,

eum

Homo -scilicet

volebat interficere.

nolebat oppidanos

Sed olim, cum colon! in templo

cognoscere se ibi latere.
adessent omnes, tuto se e latebris exlre posse credebat; itaque efenestra prospexit. Primo neminem vidit; turn subito
10

animadvertit multos Indos per agros clam properantes, ut

oppidum oppugnarent.
Quibus ille rebus vehementercommotus, exaedibus statim
Qui cum celeriter e
erupit ac col5nos ad arma vocavit.
15

templo cucurrissent, advena duce cum Indls fortiter

pugnaverunt, hostesque postremo in silvas fugere coacti
sunt.

Imperator interim, postquam Indos* fugere intellexit, ad

latebras statim se recepit, nee postea a colonls inveniri potuit.
Qui igitur crediderunt ducem e cael5 a dis missum
2oesse, qui se adiuvaret, sicut multis ante annis Castor et
Pollux olim subito adfuerunt in acie auxiliumque Romanis
i. deponebant: note the tense.
imber (-bris, M.) shower.
:

(lit.

1.

3.

conatu

6.

homo

desistere: give
desist from} the attempt.
cf.

hominem,

up

as singular (cf.
13.

cum

rebus:

qua re,
.

the note on p. 14,

p. 20,

trarisl.
1.

cucurrissent:
1.

8.

19).
cf.

absol.,

leader

transl. freely,

inveniri

of the word.
cf.

lation,

quibus

abl.

the stranger (being)

18.

p. 20,

4.

12.

advena duce:

14.
lit.

p.

I, 1.

note the

last letter

potuit for the transthe note on possent,

:

13.

19. qui: cf. the rendering of

qui in the note on p. 5, 1. 3.

ducem

leader.

FIRST LATIN

22

cum

lulerunt,

READER
cum

horas multas pugnassent

fugam dare potuissent.

neque eos in

ill!

LESSON

hostibus,

19

Philip finds Allies

Dum

haec geruntur, Indi quidam longinqui, quibus erat

castellum maximum, armls aliisque rebus Philippum iuvare
5coeperunt.
Quo cognito, colonl, quamquam iam hiems
nam
erat, id castellum statim oppugnare constituerunt
;

putabant hanc quoque gentem prima aestate bellum gerere

parare, consiliaque hostium ipsi praeoccupare volebant.
Itaque via nivall cum exercitu valido profecti, per silvas
load castellum iter fecerunt.
Ibi acerrime est pugnatum,
ac colonl multl interfectl sunt
est,

castellum tamen expugnatum

ignl sunt consumptae qui-

Indorumque copiae omnes

bus rebus

factis, colonl

vulneratos secum ferentes

domum

leniter se receperunt.

Hoc

15

detrlmento vehementer commoti, Indi iam undique

convenerunt, oppidaque colonorum oppugnare coeperunt

Subito veniebant in conspectum
turn, colonis
singula.
;

occlsls villisque incensls, celeriter in silvas se recipiebant,

20

cum interim milites, qul arma

modo consequi poterant. Itaque
dum,

3.

etc.

cf. p. 7, 1.

7.

first

prima: the
(part of}.

8. ipsi:
translation.
9.
1.

via

13.

snowy.

early,

10.

16.

quo: neuter.
cognitd
the note on p. 17, 1. 18.
5.

lit.

may be omitted

cf.

the

freely,

acerrime

est

fought', lit. what?

13. vulneratos:

in

pugnatum:
battle

desperate

wounded.

for syntax, cf. qua, p. 5,

nivall: nivalis, -is, -e,
:

gravi5ra ferebant, nullo

diu colonl miser! undique

as

ferentes

was
the

noun,

nom. case.

17. singula: modifying oppida.

veniebant: for the translation,
cf.

the note on rapiebant, p.

19.

cum:

7,

1.

17.

while.

20. c5nsequi

sc.

eos

(i.e.

Indos).

READER

FIRST LATIN

23

Standisius enim iam pridem mortuus erat

sed postrem5 dux alius inventus est, qiu fellciter cum Indis

interfectl sunt

bellum gerere sciebat.

LESSON

20

Captain CJiurch
Cercas, qui iam dux colonorum factus

5hostibus

est,

non modo cum

bellum gerere sciebat, sed etiam Indos

feliciter

interdum socios

sibi asclscere

consilio olim

Quo

potuit.

profectus, ad quandam gentem pervenit baud longinquam,

cuius reginae diu fuerat ipse amicus quare sperabat eius
;

clvibus facile se persuadere posse, ut colonos adiuvarent.

10 Ibi tamen ab Indis impetus acerrimus in Cercam eiusque

comites facta est

donee

in

qui igitur in palude coacti sunt latere,

venerunt
milites complures, qui eos ex
scapha
;

periculo eriperent.

15

Cercas, quamquam consilium turn perficere non potuerat,

convenlre tamen reglnam iterum conari constituit.
Itaque

paucls post mensibus uno

cum

milite Indisque tribus pro-

eiusdem gentis fines denuo iter fecit; quo ubi

perventum, comitibus in scapha relictis, ad reglnam ipse

fectus, in
est

progressus
3.

infin.

4.

est.

ea

dum

gerere: cf. the use of the

with nesciebat, p. 8, 1. 2.
Cercas: gen. Cercae, etc.

modo: the

etiam: also.

6.

soci5s:

(as)

allies.

con-

design.

reglnae: dat. case.

ipse:
he.
eius: i.e. the queen's.
9. persuadere:
persuade, lit.
make (if) agreeable (hence the dat.
8.

loquitur, Indi multl, qui per

clvibus)

posse

fut. infin.,

which

is

replacing the
lacking in this

verb.
14.

adv., only.

5.

silio:

Cum

Cercas,

quamquam

cf.

the

note on hostes, cum, p. 20, 1. 17.

15. convenlre: dependent on
conari.
17.

denuo:

cf. p. 8,

1.

iterum.

quo:

preposition.

per:

i.e.

14.

19. cum:
around in.

FIRST LATIN

24

herbam

cum

READER

latuerant, subito armatl exsiluerunt.

Cercam minime esse

intellexissent

QuI tamen,
huml turn

territum,

sederunt concilioque habito polliciti sunt se colonos adiuturos in bello, quod illi cum Philippe gerebant.

LESSON

21

The Death of Philip

cum

Cercas

iter

partis

sulsque militibus iam omnes in

per silvas, et undique hostes in fugam

his sociis

fecit

Quare postremo Philippus ipse paucls cum comitivallls multa mllia passuum in paludes longinquas
f ugere coactus est
numquam enim colonls se dedere conicstituerat: quln etiam olim, cum quidam ex eius amlcis
dicere ausus esset pacem cum els faciendam esse, rex Tradedit.

bus per

tus

hominem sua manu

motus,

15

frater mortul

occidit.

statim ad

Cuius

rel acerbitate

com-

colonos perfugit eosque

certiores fecit de palude, ubi Philippus turn latebat.

Itaque dux col5norum, qul multos dies frustra quaeslverat

regem modoque domum

paludem sine mora

uxorem consolaretur,
militesque suos prope illam
Qua re animadversa, Philip-

redierat ut

iterum celeriter profectus

est,

instruxit.

pus eiusque comites per valles longius f ugere conatl sunt

20 rex vero Infelix, interceptus a militibus qul in silva collocati
;

qul tamen,

1.
.

1.

they

cf.

but

cum,

when
p.

8,

humi:

2.

suls:

5.

n,

the various meanings of res, see

acerbitate acerbitas,

the Vocab.
-atis, F.,

13.

1.

10.
12.

sua:

turn:
7,1.4.
in translation.

cf. p.

may be omitted
p.

cum
qul,

his

own;

cf.

suum,

and the note.

quidam: a certain one.
hominem: cf. p. 20, 1.4.
6,

cf.

suls,

1.

5.

rel:

for

mortui:

13.

(man)

harshness,

part.,

of

the

dead

used as a noun,masc.

sing.
16.

modo

18.

qua

20.

vero:

(-icis, adj.)

(but} just.

re:

cf. p.

i.e.

20,

1.

tamen.

ill-starred.

19.
Infelix

FIRST LATIN

READER

25

eiusdem Indl interfectus est, quern ipse occiCaput PhilippI securl absclsum colon! secum domum
tulerunt ubi supra portam positum est, ut omnes viderent
regem re vera mortuum esse.
erant, a fratre
derat.

LESSON
End
5

22

War

of the

Quo detrlmento perterritus legatus PhilippI, qul paucis

cum comitibus e palude effugerat, in silvls procul latebat.
Quern Cercas diu frustra quaeslvit sed postremo Indum
;

senem

mod5

cepit et puellam, quos viam ostendere coegit

in legati castra subito perventum est.

Ibi Cercas,

10

quamquam

quo

comites perpaucos secum habebat,

collocata erant, audacter rapuit.

arma Indorum, quae hum!

Quo

facto, legatus
"

Cercas vero
rem."
15

Ubi

magna voce
est cena
"

Turn legatus

"an bubulam?"

Quo

"

nam

Captus sum,"

inquit.

veni ut vobiscum cena-

Equmam carnem mavis," inquit,

audlto, Cercas scilicet dixit se malle

bubulam.
Carne sine mora consumpta,

reliqui (noctu

enim impetus

factus erat) mox huml iacebant sopitl sed Cercas et legatus

diu vigilabant.
Postremo Indus surrexit et silentio egres;

2.

absclsum:

agreeing

with

caput.
3.
4.

rus, -a,

magna:

Cercas vero:

legatus: lieutenant.

quern: him.

bulam:

senem: aged (from senex).

perpaucos: the prefix per-

cow.

intensive.

loud.
sc. inquit.

7.

8.

i.e.

equinam equinus, -a, -urn,

mavis what form of
(of) horse.
malo ?
14.

5.

10.
is

supra: preposition, over.

re vera
in very fact (ve-um, lit. true, or actual).

12.
13.

15.

19.
tio

an: conjunction, or.

bubulus, -a, -um,
Indus: the Indian.
used as adv.

abl.,

bu(of)
silen-

FIRST LATIN

26
sus est

meret.

READER

quare alter credebat eum exisse ut arma alia suBrevI autem aderat legatus manibus ferens insignia
"

Haec nunc tua sunt,"

quae quondam Philippus gesserat.
ante
Cercae
inquit, insigniaque
pedes huml posuit. Ita
confectum est.

LESSON

23

William Penn and the Friends

Dum

in Britannia Nova geruntur, in alias Americae

Europa veniebant colonl multi; in quibus erant
complures, qul se Amicos appellabant. Cuidam viro claro,
qui hanc religionem erat amplexus, rex Britannorum turn

haec

partes ex

lomagnam pecuniam debebat; quod aes alienum ut solveret,

in America provinciam novam hoc fere tern pore constituit,
virumque ilium legatum

fecit;

gatl Pennsylvenia appellata

quae provincia e nomine

le-

est.

Legatus, quod religio Amlcorum gentibus Europae grata

i5non erat, colonos plurimos statim ad Pennsylveniam prae-

pauclsque post mensibus in provinciam ipse profecurbem condidit, quae Philadelphia appellatur.
Amlcl credunt bellum gerere nefas esse,
religionem
Propter

misit,

tus est; ubi

atque omnibus
x.

alter:

cum hominibus comiter vivere volunt;

other

the

(i.e.

Church).
2.

aderat:

was back

(again}.
manibus: forsyntax,cf. navibus,
insignia: trappings
p. 6, 1. 10
(insigne,
3.

tua

-is,

N.)

gesserat:

had

worn.

tuus, -a, -urn, yours.

dum haec, etc. cf. p. 7, 1. 16.
7. veniebant: note the tense.
6.

in:
10.

among.

magnam:

(a) large (sum

debebat: debeo,

of}.
owe.

quod

pose

clause.'

itaque

2, -ui, -itus,

this (adj.).
ut the
ace. preceding belongs to this pur:

n.

constituit: established.

12.

legatum

freely,

14-

(with)

governor.

after.

grata
;

lit.

freely,

popular

what ?

17.

ubi: there.

18.

nefas

esse:

that

it

is

crime (nefas, indeclinable noun).

FIRST LATIN

READER

27

per multos ann5s continues in provincia erat pax, etiam

legatus

De

mortuus

ille

cum

esset.

comitate legati multa narrantur; qum etiam traditum

cum olim per provinciam iter faceret, parvam

est ilium,
5

puellam vldisse ad templum euntem, eamque in ipsius equo

positam ad templum ita deduxisse.

LESSON

24

Nathaniel Bacon in

Dum

Virginia

Nova bellum gerit Philippus, in VirIndl

ginia quoque
impetus saepe in colonos faciebant, mulin Britannia

tosque agricolas, qui procul ab oppidis habitabant, cum

locruciatu occiderunt.
Quo periculo commoti, colonl multa
milia passuum nunti5s ad caput provinciae miserunt, qui

legatum orarent, ut mitteret

15

mllites,

qui hostis coercerent.

Legato autem nullo mod5 persuaderl potuit ut colon5s adiuvaret, quod cum Indls ipse negotiabatur nee quaestum
dlmittere volebat; qum etiam iuvenis quldam, nomine Beco,
qui a Britannia tribus ante annis in provinciam venerat,
dixisset se velle in Indorum finis ducere colonos pau-

cum

cos, qui

iam

ipsi

arma ceperant, a legato domi

est iussus

manere.
20

Iuvenis autem, sine mora ad castra colonorum clam prox.

tinuos:
secutive.

per:

freely,

continuus,

cum

for,
-a,

con-

-um, con-

after.

tramulta: cf. p. 5, 1. 9.
ditumest: cf. p. II, 1. 4.
earn:
from eo.
5. euntem:
her.
ipsius: his mun.

13.
it

persuader! potuit

made

dere, p. 23,
15.

3.

6. positam part, (from pono),

agreeing with earn.
1 1
caput capital.

be

1.

agreeable;
1.

lit.

cf.

could

persua-

9.

volebat

cf.

velle,

p.

2,

15.

17. cum translate much earlier

in the English sentence.
18. ipsi:
on their own mo:

tton,

i.e.

without

the governor to act.

waiting

for

FIRST LATIN

28
fectus,

assensu

cum primum
omnium dux

in

READER

eorum conspectum venit summo

Qui igitur, quamquam

factus est.

sciebat legatum postea iratum se fortasse interfecturum,

tamen Indorum copias duxit, hostesque in fugam

in finis
5

undique

dedit.

Quod

ubi est audltum, legatus ex oppido

Beconem caperet suppliciumque

de eo sumeret, quod iniussu suo bellum cum Indls gereret.

celeriter profectus est, ut

LESSON

25

Nathaniel Bacon (Continued}

BrevT autem ad caput provinciae legatus celeriter redlre

nuntiatum enim est oppidanos, quos domi

liquerat quique iuveni duel amicissimi erant, res novas
est coactus;

ro

reibi

Quibuscum legatus turn pacem fecit; postquam

agitare.
vero Beco demum e bello longinquo domum rediit, colonl,
legatum adhuc esse Iratum arbitratl, noctes diesque ducis
eumque, cum paulo post decurio
multl
comites armatl ad oppidum secutl sunt.
factus esset,

carl aedes custodiebant

15

Ibi tamen legatus, qui quoque copias coegerat, Beconem

statim rapuit, mox autem ab oppidanls Iratis dlmittere coactus est.
Sed iuvenis, paucis post diebus certior factus
1.

cum primum

2.

omnium:

modifying
p. 5,
3.

1.

i.e.

as soon as.

ii.

in (his) anger.

adv., perhaps.
fecturum: sc. esse.
:

4.

copias

5.

quod

6.

inter-

(his) troops.
this (noun).

supplicium
supplicium, -I,
punishment.
7. de:lit./hw*. supplicium sumere is the converse of poenas dare,
N.,

iuveni

10.

here as adjective.

res novas: revolution;

what?

3.

Iratum:

fortasse

as (masc.) noun,
cf.
assensu.
qui:

agitare: agit5,

quibuscum
I.

lit.

cf.

I, plan.
secum, p.

8,

14.

arbitratl

13.

veritl, p. 2,

night

1.

17.

cf.

the

use

of

noctes diesque

and day.

14-

decurio (-5nis, M.)

ber of the legislature.

16. coegerat:
had

gether.

mem-

called

to-

FIRST LATIN

READER

29

BALLISTA

"

"

was not very formidable, as may be seen

which gives a modern artist's concepRoman " cannon " were
tion of an attack upon a walled town.
Ancient

artillery

from the above

illustration,

simply huge catapults, some of which threw stones or masses of

metal, others projected heavy darts.

FIRST LATIN

30

READER

legatum parare se iterum in custodiam dare, clam noctu f ugit

ex oppido, nee postero die ab inimicls suls invenlri potuit.
Colon! scilicet undique libenter convenerunt, ut ducem
carum adiuvarent; isque iam menses multos, modo cum
5

Indls

modo cum

legato, fellciter

bellum

cum

Olim,

gessit.

obsideret urbem, quod erat caput provinciae, ballistasque

circum muros collocare vellet, uxores inimicorum e praediis

proximis deductas ante milites suos posuisse dicitur, ut sine

periculo suorum opus perficeretur.

LESSON

26

Nathaniel Bacon (Concluded}

10

cum ea in urbe multos dies obsessus esset,

postremo cum comitibus omnibus navis conscendit, quae
Legatus,

propinquo ad ancoram consistebant, ac sine

in flumine

mora profectus
15

est,

ut auxilium peteret.

qui sentiebat legatum

bem statim incendit
;

mox cum

Quo

facto, Beco,

socils esse rediturum,

ur-

ipse autem, laboribus perlcullsque

mortuus est.
Turn eius comites, cum intellegerent legatum solere inimicos etiam mortuos contumeliis afficere, corpus ducis carl
tulerunt ad flumen et in aquam merserunt quare legatus,
20 cum redlsset ad urbem amlcosque Beconis multos interfecisset, ipslus iuvenis corpus invenlre non potuit.
fractus, paulo post

invenlri

2.

note the

lat

let-

ter of the word.

modo

4.

time
6.

quod

modo:

at

one

at another.
relative,

agreeing

with the predicate noun.

8.

dicitur

9.

suorum

men.

10.

cum,

cf. p. 5, 1.

to

(lit.

17.

17, note.

of)

his

cum

1.

cf.

hostes,

intellegerent: cf. the

solere:
1. 8.
cf.

14,

solebant, p.

7,

19.

17.

note on p.
18.

cum

legatus,

p. 20,

1.

4.

mortuds (when) dead.

merserunt mergo, 3, mersi,
:

mersus, bury, lit. sink.

20. multos: many (of).

READER

FIRST LATIN

31

Faucis post annis ille legatus pessimus quoque poenas

dedit; nam a rege domum revocatus, summa ignomiriia
affectus ibi mortuus est
Interim Virginia reliquaeque

Sed antequam de
provinciae paulatim validiores fiebant.
a
colonis
cum
Britannls gestum
quod postea

bello loquor,

est, quaedam dicenda sunt de puerb, qui imperator summus

Americanorum futurus erat.

LESSON

27

The Boyhood of George Washington

Hie puer, qui Vasingto appellabatur, in Virginia natus
est sexaginta fere annis post bellum, quod cum legato eius
10 provinciae gesserat Beco ille, de qu5 modo dm.
Puero
erat frater maior, qui tribunus militum factus ad bellum

quod Britanni cum Hispanis turn gerebant eis in

ad quas Columbus primum naves appulit.
Vasingto, postquam frater ad exercitum profectus est, de
bell5
15
saepe cogitabat; cumque ludebant pueri ac simulabant se esse milites, semper erat ille imperator.
Postea
abierat,

Insulis,

vero, puer magnus et validus factus, celerrime dlcitur currere potuisse neque equum timuisse ullum.

Frater iam volebat Vasingtonem nautam fieri, mater

aoautem noluit; itaque ille domi aliquamdiu mansit et didicit
Sed paucis post anomnia, quae ibi in ludo tradebantur.
4.

fiebant: note the tense.

6.

quaedam:

16.

(neut. pi.) some-

thing.
7.

to

be-,

imperator: pred. nom.

et:' omit
I7 V ero: moreover.
i n translation.
factus render by
.

futurus

erat:

cf. p. 4, 1.

3,

was
and

destined
p.

16,

1.

a clause introduced by "when."

dlcitur:
21.

15-

natus est:

9.

post: here preposition.

cf. p. i,

1.

i.

ludus,
i.e.

cf. p.

omnia
-I,

30,

1.

8.

ludo
everything.
tradebantur:
M., school.
:

was taught ;

lit.

what?

FIRST LATIN READER

32

nis vir quidajn, cui erat

maximum praedium longinquum,

hominem conducere
tueret

voluit, qul terminos praedil sui constiac Vasingto, qul hanc quoque artem didicerat, ab

eo conductus in praedium missus

LESSON

est.

28

Experiences on the Frontier

5

In praedio, quod instar provinciae erat, habitabant agricolae paucT, at multl Indi.
Hie Vasingto menses multos
silvas
et
montes
iter
fecit, ac saepe equo vectus
per
longe
rlvos et flumina transiit

prope ignem hum!

Olim cum

10 bat.

noctu autem solebat sub caelo

iacere,

quod casas colonorum non amafoenum

ita sopltus iaceret, subito ignis in

ex quo lectus eius factus erat quo ex periculo ipse

tamen servatus est ab agricola quodam, qul turn vigilabat.
cecidit,

Tres annos in praedio moratus est Vasingto, ibique mores

quare, ubi domum undevlginti
a legato Virginiae tribunus militum facVirginia tota reliquisque provinces col5ni arbi-

Indorum cognoscere coepit

15

annos natus
tus est

rediit,

nam

trabantur bellum

cum

Gallis

mox gerendum

Britanni

esse.

enim multl iam transierant montes consederantque in vallibus, quae a Gallis prius exploratae erant
quibus rebus
;

2.

terminos: terminus,

boundary.
3. hanc

-I,

xx.

M.,

exquS:

(out}

quo ex periculo:

artem:

for

of which.
word order,

6.

hie: the adverb.

ea in terra, p. 6, 1. 3.
undevlginti annos natus
at nineteen years of age, lit. hav-

8.

autem
humi:

ing been born nineteen years.

15. tribunus militum: a major.

i.e.

of

moreover.

ama4
bat: fancy ; for other meanings of
this word, seethe Vocab.
10. foenum
foenum, -i, N.,
9.

cf. p. 7,

straw.

cf.

14.

surveying.

1.

16.

Virginia tota:

all Virginia.

The

omitted when the abl.

by

totus.

throughout

prep, in
is

is

often

modified

READER

FIRST LATIN
Galli commoti,

cum hanc regionem

stella

ibi

complura

33

dimittere nollent, ca-

ponebant, quae Britannos arcerent.

LESSON
A

29

Dangerous Mission

Quamquam spes pads iam paene sublata erat, legatus

Virginiae constituit tamen nuntium mittere, si ullo modo
5

res sine bello

componl possent. Itaque Vasingto, sine

mora delectus qui hanc rem difficilem tractaret, paucis cum
comitibus per silvas fortiter profectus est cumque monies
quoque translsset, Indls quibusdam ad concilium vocatis
;

10

persuasit ut ad Gallorum castra se sequerentur.

Quo ubi perventum est, Galli nuntium comiter acceperunt, responderunt tamen se numquam nisi bell5 coactos

ex

illrs f Inibus

discessuros.

copias maximas sum ma

mum

Quare Vasingto, qui Gallorum

sollicitudine animadverterat,

statim properare coepit;

cum

do-

vero ad montes perun5 cum comite et

i5ventum esset^ impedlmentis relictis,

duce Indo etiam celerius progressus est.
Via scilicet erat ipsa periculosa (nam hiems iam erat)
alterum autem f uit perlculum maius
colonls enim iniml-

cus erat dux.

1.

by a
2.

cum

Qui

olim,

nollent:

cum

advesperasceret, telum subito

n.

translate

ponebant: note the tense.

arcerent: note the

si:

5.

componl: compono,

(if")

13. copias: stores, or supplies.

sollicitudine: sollicitudo, -inis,

mood.

4.

perchance.

F., anxiety.
3,

mood.
the note on per-

tractaret: note the

8.

Indls

cf.

suadere, p. 23,
modifier of Indls.

1.

9.

vocatis:

16.

vero: and.
duce guide.

18.

alterum

14.

-po-

sui, -positus, settle.

6.

introducing the part,

nisi:

coactos.

participial phrase.

the

on

another ; contrast

commoner meaning
p. 34,!. I.

with inimlcus.

of alter

col5nls: construe

FIRST LATIN

34
in

Vasingtonem

erat,

non
5

Quo

misit.

discedere incolumem passus est

solum interdiu sed noctu quoque iter

quod periculum sentiebat maximum

LESSON
A

in-

non
iam autem
faciendum

qul telo vulneratus

hominem

arbitrabatur,

esse.

30

Dangerous Mission (Continued}

Paul5 post ad flumen

cum

Indum

facto, colonus alter

At Vasingto,

volebat.

terficere

READER

magnum perventum

est;

quod

Vasingto forte in aquam frigidam

cecidit, unaque cum comite in insula parva morarl coactus
turn demum per glaciem,
est, donee dies postera illuxit
rate

translrent,

ioquae

in flumine natabat,

ambd

alteram

summo cum

venerunt.

perlculo ad rlpam
Deinde, equo ab Indis emptd,

postremo incolumes domum perveUbi legatus, cum de pertinacia Gallorum certior

facilius fecerunt iter, et

nerunt.

factus esset, moleste ferens

15

Vasingtonem

illos tarn

iussit milites trans

audacter respondisse,

montes ducere ad

castella

ponenda, e quibus ipse modo redierat.

Interim colon! alii, e provincia clam per montes profecti, in illis regionibus longinquls locum quendam, castrls
maxime idoneum, audacter occupaverunt. Qul vero brevi

elsdem

in locis

dedere coacti sunt

20 a Gallis se

nam Vasingto, quamquam iam

cogebat copias atque intellegebat omnia

i.

in: at.

7.

rate:

14.

ratis,

-is,

p.,

raft

for syntax, cf. navibus, p, 6, 1. 10.

10. in
upon the surface of.
:

natabat cf. natantes, p.

11. ab: from.
:

12.

facilius:

fortably.
13. ubi:

i.e.

3,

1.

15.

they

respondisse: that

15.

ad castella

ponenda:

16.

quibus: the antecedent

is

locis.

more com-

ubi, p. 4,

had replied.

to establish forts.

21.

the
cf.

illos

facienda

sibi esse

1.

14.

sibi:

dat. case, this

being

regular agency construction

with the gerundive. The whole

FIRST LATIN

READER

ut hie locus defenderetur, civibus

tamen

35
suls satis

mature

auxilium ferre non potuit.

LESSON
The Beginning of

At

31

the French

and Indian War

paucis post diebus, per loca aspera

sum mo labore

progressus, in hostium fines pervenit Vasingto, castraque

parva posuit. Deinde paulo longius prof ectus exploratores cepit paucos; turn autem certior factus Gall5s Indosque

5 ibi

adesse plurimos, iterum se in castra recepit.

Galli,

cum

f ecerunt

acerrimum

facto

Quo

sociis Indis celeriter consecutl, in castra

impetum

sed postremo, colonis inultas horas f ru-

iostra oppugnatis, e castris Vasingtonem cum armls ea condicione exlre passl sunt, ut exercitum ex his flnibus statim
Ille igitur invitus

reduceret.

domum iter facere

coactus

est.

Postero autem anno e Britannia legiones complures missae sunt ad Gallos expellendos ex els locis, unde illl modo

Vasingtonem discedere coegerant. Imperator factus erat

nomine Braddoc, dux fortis, qui tamen cum
Credebat vero se omnia
Indis bellum gerere nesciebat.
sclre, neque a Vasingtone aut reliquis colonis se monerl
volebat quare, cum ad bellum profectus esset, quamquam
2omulta milia passuum pervias perlculosas silvasque maximas
15

vir Britannicus,

legionibus erat faciendum, exploratores

iter

phrase may be rendered freely

that he must evert himself to the
utmost for the defense, etc.
i.

suls: modifier of civibus.

8.

Indis: here as adj.

.
ea condicione
ut: on

10.

these terms, that.

12. invitus
:

laetus, p. 2,

1.

praemittere

14. ad Gallos expellendos

purpose clause cf. the similar phrase
:

on

p. 34,
17.

with
se

1.

15.

gerere:

cf.

the

8,
nesciebat,
p.
omit in translation.

6.

the

note on

1.

2.

omnia:

all {about the subject)

21. legionibus: for syntax, cf.
sibi, p. 34, 1. 21.
.

cf.

infinitive

READER

FIRST LATIN

36
noluit,
pollicitl

nee gratias colonis egit, qul operam suam ultro

sunt nam ne conspectum quidem legionum sua:

rum putabat Indos

esse laturos.

LESSON
.

Braddock

Postremo vero, cum

sesset, subito in silvis

32

'

Defeat

hostium longe

in fines

Indorum

iter

factum

ululatus est auditus

turn

plurima inmissa sunt, ac mllites Britannic!, qul hostem nullum videbant, undique cadere coeperunt. Colon!
interim in silvam celeriter inruperunt, arboribusque intertela

positls
10 in via

cum Indls acriter pugnabant; at imperator legiones

habebat instructas, nee suos loco cedere passus est,

quamquam caedem maximam

paene omnes aut

15

fieri

sentiebat.

ill!

Itaque

Braddoc
vulnus
ex
mortuus
est.
Vaipse
accepit,
quo paulo post
mllites
cohortarl
conatus, imperasingto
perterritos primo
tore vulnerato exercitus reliquias ad castra reduxit, ubi
interfecti sunt aut vulnerati, ac

impedimenta maxima

relicta erant.

Ibi, concilio

convocato,

tribunl centurionesque celeriter e fmibus hostium sibi discedendum esse statuerunt.

Quo
20

proelio

admoneor

ut

dlcam de incommodo maximo,

quod a Romanis acceptum est apud lacum Trasumennum,

7. videbant
" could see."

say

interpositis

behind trees,

freely, getting

lit.

what?
kept.

suos

cf.

Ioc5
page 30, 1. 9.
their places ; cf. the note on

suorunv
p. 7,

1.

4.

aut

aut

either

or.

imperatore vulnerato translate by a phrase introduced by

:

"after."
17.

habebat

10.

from

12.
14.

arboribus

8.

we would

discedendum esse:

imper-

sonal use of the gerundive,

to.
19. ut
:

20.

apud

mennum

at.

lacum Trasu-

in north central Italy.

FIRST LATIN

cum Hannibal, dux Poenorum,

Secundum litus est via angusta,

READER
ibi

37

msidias clam fecisset.

turn agrl apertl.

In loco

aperto Hannibal castra posuit, milites autem multos in

latebrls prope viam collocavit.
Turn, cum Roman! temere
5

via angusta ad Hannibalis castra versus iter facerent, subito

Poem e latebrls eruperunt et hostis perterritos in lacum

compulerunt.

LESSON

33

War

Later Events of the

Etsi in proelio, de

quo supra dixi, Galll victoriam erant

illis regionibus celerrime se recepeex
adept! Britannlque
10 rant, Vasingtonis tamen virtutem omnes laudabant.
Quern
igitur colon!, copiis tota ex provincia coactls, summum
fecerunt

ducem

dos miserunt

15

et in

montes cum exercitu ad

ubi bellum

ses multos fellciter gessit

imperatores complures e

cum
:

Gallis

hostis arcen-

eorumque

sociis

tribusque post annTs,

men-

cum iam

Britannia ad American! missi

una
alils
cum
essent,
legiones quasdam ille e Pennlegatls
sylvenia trans montes duxit atque hostes ex els locis discedere coegit, ubi ill! quondam Britannls tantum detrlmentum
intulerant.

20

Qu5 incommode accepto, Galll tamen minime animo

demissi bellum alibi acriter gesserunt nam Indl, qul erant
paene omnes amicl, eos omnibus modis adiuvabant. Sed
;

2.

in

the open

loco aperto:
lit.

what

freely,

in

5. via
angusta: for syntax,
the note on qua, p. 5, 1. 13;
here the abl. may be rendered

cf.

"along."
8.

erant adept!

adipiscor, 3,

adeptus sum, gain, or secure.

10. quern: not relative in the

English translation.
18.

Britannis: dat. case; trans-

late

"upon."
20. animo

demissi:

lit.

cast

down in mind, i.e. discouraged.

The abl. case here expresses specification.

FIRST LATIN READER

38

postremo, multis detrimentis

fractl,

mox

alilsque

Canada

sunt,

adept!

pacem

petierunt quam
Britannis
;

regionibus

traditls.

Vasingto interim ab exercitu domum redierat, ubi in maStrimonium duxit matronam quandam, quae Marta appellabatur turn annos paucos in praedio suo mansit otiosus.
;

LESSON
The Outbreak of

34

the Revolution

Nunc mihi dlcendum est de bello, quod colon! paucls

Diu rex senapost annls cum Britannis ipsls gesserunt.
tusque Britannorum a provincils vectlgalia quaedam exigere
loerant conati, etsl hae leges latae erant in concilio, in quo
suffragium ferre Americano null! licebat. Id colon! moleste
ferebant ac postremo, cum iam tanta iniuria non diutius
;

ferenda videretur, omnibus ex provincils in unum locum viri

delect!, in els Vasingt5, ad consilium commune capiendum
15

Hi, concilio habito, litteras ad regem

Britannorum miserunt, quibus postulabant ut colonls iura

convocatl sunt.

eadem concederentur, quae domi

Quibus
1.

2.

6.

i.e.

petierunt:

quam:
p. 37,

litterls acceptls,

petiverunt.

adept! sunt cf. the note on

8.
Britannis: dat. case.
:

1.

translate

by an-

ferenda bearable; lit. what ?

with convocati

13.

unum locum:

in

this (noun).

otiosus

elves reliqui obtinebant.

rex Iratus non solum iura concedere

sunt,

1.

14.

consilium

other part of speech.

trast

vectlgalia
N., taxes.

words.

9.

10.

leges

vectlgalia, -ium,

15.

lex, legis, F.,

meas-

ure, or law.
11.

(state

the

-i,

of affairs).

ferre:
N.).

cast
Mb',

this

26,
concilio

in, p.
.

meaning

litteras

for

of the

17.

joyed.

obtinebant:

1.

7.

con-

two

the force of

the plural, see the Vocab.

16. quibus
in which ;
abl. of means.
:

suffragium

vote (suffragium,

15.

in els: cf.

strictly,

freely,

en-

READER

FIRST LATIN
etiam in

noluit, sed

Americam

39

misit milites multos, qul a

colonis audaciae poenas repeterent.

Apud oppidum parvum, nomine Lexingtonem, primum

pugnatum est, magna cum caede Britannorum nam agri;

5Colae, muris interpositis, tela plurima inmlserunt in hostes,

qul ita sex milia passuum se recipere coacti sunt ad urbem,

unde paulo ante profectl erant. Quibus rebus factls, concilium idem, quod ad regem litteras mlserat, quaerere coepit
imperatorem, qul omnls copias Americanas duceret. Clio

ves scilicet memoria tenebant res gestas Vasingtonis in

bello, quod paucis ante anms cum Gallls Indlsque gestum
erat

ille

quare

summo

assensu

omnium dux

brevl factus

est.

LESSON

35

Operations about Boston

15

Sed antequam Vasingto in Britanniam Novam pervenire

potuit, iterum acriter pugnatum est in quodam colle, ubi
postea Americani columnam maximam eorum nomine
statuerunt, qul ibi pro llbertate vltam suam largltl sunt.
Eo in proelio Britanni vlcerunt sed ne hostes quidem satis
;

laudare poterant virtutem colonorum, qul

20 norum tarn audacter exceperant.

impetum

vetera-

Vasingto, postquam illuc pervenit, hostls menses multos

2.

audaciae

for

(lit.

of} their

insubordination.
3.

apud: near.

primum: the

17.

under a hot

6.

ita: i.e.

7.

concilium:

fire.

(deliberative)

1 8.

to.

not forgotten.

i.e.

had

nomine:

statuerunt:

i.e.

-ae,

in

posuerunt.

e5

modifier of proelio.

21.

(his} fellow-citizens.

memoria tenebant

columna,

vitam: translate as though the

noun were plural.

body.
cives

honor.

adverb.

9.

columnam
monument.

16.
F.,

the
1.

cf.
VasingtS, postquam
note on hostes, cum, p. 20,

17.

illuc

adv., thither.

FIRST LATIN

READER

COLUMN A

shown a monument about a hundred feet in

in 104 A.D., in honor of the emperor
On its sides are sculptured scenes descriptive of one of
Trajan.
Trajan's important campaigns, a fact which makes this column a
In the picture

height, erected

is

at

Rome

very important source of information about the details of

military

life.

Roman

FIRST LATIN READER

41

Turn, cum eius copiae

subitonoctu
maiores factae essent,
prope urbem clamcollem

intra munitiones Bostonis continuit.

occupavit, atque ibi vallum summa celeritate

quin etiam ubi dies illuxit duxque hostium muniti" Hi
ones novas animadvertit, vehementer commotus ille

quendam
exstruxit

"

tanta opera perfe"cerunt, quanta

colon! una nocte," inquit,
Hoc
meus exercitus mense toto perficere non potest."

cum cotldie tela plurima

vallo exstructo,

rum
10

urbem

in

ballistls

Americano-

mitterentur, hostes brevl naves conscendere

atque e portu f ugere coacti sunt.

Col5nl adhuc bellum gesserant ut iura clvium Britannicorum sibi concederentur iam vero, cum neque rex neque
;

senatus eos audire vellet, de Britannia desciscere

novamque

condere rem publicam constituerunt.

LESSON

36

The Battles of Long Island and Trenton

15

Interim Britannl

Novum Eboracum

terra

manque oppumagna Insula, quae Longa

Ibi e navibus egressl hostes cum Americanis
appellatur.
acriter pugnaverunt.
Qu5 proelio victus VasingtS non

Haud procul

gnare parabant.

est

solum ex Insula discedere sed etiam Novum Eboracum

coactus est. His rebus factis, colon! omnes animo

20 dlmittere

tanta

6.
.

quanta

such

13.

7. potest: cotdd, a common

idiomatic use of the pres. indie, of
this verb.
hoc vallo, etc.: the
abl. absol. may be translated by a
" when "
clause, and the following

'wealth.

words by a

where.

participial phrase.
ballistls
abl. of means.

8.

cum:

neque

from.

desciscere

de-

causal.

neither

neque
nor.

rate.
14.

15.

and

rem

publicam

common-

manque: by land
the abl. expressing place

terra

sea,

20. animo .
. demissi
cf. the
note on this same phrase, p. 37,
.

12.

de

seised, 3, -sclvi, -scitum est, sepa-

as.

1.

20.

FIRST LATIN

42

READER

vehementer erant demissi quare Vasingto, quamquam toto

cum exercitu Britannico in acie pugnare non audebat,
putavit tamen aliquid sibi faciendum esse, quod spem civibus
;

suis adferret
5

BritannJ, qul

facultatem mox nactus est.

Nam
cum Americanis ipsl pugnabant, multos

Quam
invitl

Germanos conduxerant, qul in exercitu stlpendia facerent

quorum Germanorum pars quaedam baud procul a Novo
;

Eboraco

in hibernls

iam collocata

Quo

erat.

cognito, Va-

maxima flumenad eorum castra versus

singto noctu profectus, etsi erat tempestas

icque quoddam transeundum erat,

audacter iter fecit quo in itinere duo homines frlgore perierunt.
Hostes, qul nihil suspicabantur diemque festum
;

Turn
celebrabant, ab Americanis facMlime capti sunt.
demum colonl iterum spem magnam habere coeperunt.

LESSON

37

The Retreat from Trenton

15

Paulo post Vasingto, cum ausus esset iterum progredi ad

eundem locum ubi Germanos illos ceperat, perlculum adiit
maximum.
Nam subito aderant Britanni plurimi, nee
propter natantem glaciem flumen translre American! pote-

Turn imperator Britannicus, qul Cornivallis appellacrederet iam demum circumventum

aobatur,
rant.

cum Vasingtonem

"Cras," inquit,

esse, glorians,
2.
4.

acie: regular engagement.

adferret
note the mood.
:

quam

facultatem:

freely,

an

^a me
16.

in

1.

iste
1115s

vulpes capietur."
those mentioned

i.e.

7.

20.

cum

crederet: trans-

by a participial phrase
also on the next page, 1. u.

so
In

opportunity for -which.

with reluctance.
5. invitl

late

ipsl: in person.

Latin the pres. part, is used much

less freely than in English.
21. eras: adv., to-morrow.

9.

12.

day

erat

diem

there was.
.

(festus, -a,

festum: aholi-

-um).

vulpes

(-is, c.)

fox.

READER

FIRST LATIN

At Vasingto

43

suos iussit sub vesperum in castris ignis

cum interim paucl maximo cum

facere, ut cotidie solebant,

quod eo consilio
strepitu circum vallum opus festinarent
iussit, ut Britanm arbitrarentur ibi impetum hostium excipere
;

Nocte tamen intempesta

Americanos parare.

colon!, sine

strepitu Gilo ex castns egress!, viis devils iter fecerunt circum exercitum Britannicum, atque in agros apertos inco-

lumes pervenerunt. Itaque mane imperator Britannorum

"
"
vulpem istum invenire non potuit Vasingto enim etiam
10 turn oppidum oppugnabat alterum, ubi quidam Britanm alii
;

castra posuerant. Quare Cornivallis, cum sentiret se elusum

esse, celeriter se recepit, ut impedimenta conservaret sua,

quae ad pugnam profectus post tergum longe

LESSON

reliquerat.

38

Burgoynes Campaign

15

Postero ann5 alius imperator Britannicus ex Canada per

provinciam Noveboracensem legiones quasdam ducere

conatus

Cui omnia pr!mo

est.

fel!citer

una cum

conderoga enim capta est

American! comportaverant.
mult!

exercitu

in

German!

autem

proximam

provinciam

essent ut equos aliasque copias colonorum raperent,

20 miss!

2.

Britannico

copiis omnibus, quas

Cum

eo

evenerunt; Tae-

ut

facere.

solebant

as.

paucl

sc.

10.

here used as a

tense.

(masc. pi.) noun.

of course, of their
3. vallum
:

own camp.

festinarent: festlno,

quod
hurry along.
quod, a thing which.
I,

design.

i.e.

id

c5nsilio

13-

note

oppugnabat:

the

ad pugnam: for a battle

i.e. not for a campaign,
omnia:
cui: for whom.

(merely},
16.

note the gender.

18.

eo

the note

on

there,

lit.

quo, p. 8,

thither', cf.
1.

14.

FIRST LATIN

44

READER

arma ferre soliti erant, undique

Germanlsque magno cum detriments
provincia discedere coactls, imperatorem ipsum mox

agricolae, qui a pueritia

statim convenerunt

ex

ilia

acerrime adortl sunt American!, quorum in dies copiae

maiores fiebant.
proelio victi hostes, qui iam omnibus ex partibus
obsidebantur, in Canadam redlre prlmo frustra conatl,

Quo

Turn scipostremo Americanis in deditionem venerunt.

colonl omnes ecfrenate gaudebant, quod perlculum

licet
10

maximum

Sed

effugisse videbantur.

gerebant bellum

cuius eventus adhuc

LESSON

alibi

hostes acriter

maxime dubius

erat.

39

Valley Forge

Dum

geruntur haec, de quibus

modo

Britanni Phi-

dixl,

ladelphiam oppugnare parabant, quae urbs turn erat caput

rei publicae Americanae.
Unde Vasingto, cuius copiae
x

i5

numero erant multo

modo

Inferiores, hostes null5

arcere

poterat; quare senatus ad aliud oppidum se recepit, ac

Philadelphia nullo defendente a Britannis capta est.
4.
6.

in dies from day to day.

omnibus ex partibus: on

lit.

all sides.
8.

Americanis: dat. case.

g.

quod: conjunction.
videbantur: sc. sibi,

10.

i.e.

they seemed to themselves] freely,

they thought that they, etc.

gerebant: note the tense.

maxime dubius: by the prefixing of maxime, an adj. (or adv.) is
11.

raised to the superlative degree.

12. haec
neut. pi.
:

quae urbs
what?
15. numero:
13.

the city which

for

syntax,

cf.

multo: (by)
animo, p. 37, 1. 20.
much.
16. senatus: Congress.
17. nullo: supplying the missdefendente
ing abl. of nemd.
:

sc.

earn

Philadelphiam).
For the pres. part., being active
in meaning, may take an object
even when used, as here, in the
(i.e.

abl. absol. construction.

FIRST LATIN

READER

45

Faucis post diebus circiter qulnque mllibus passuum ab

eadem urbe acriter pugnatum est, sed turn quoque Vasingto
discessit Inferior.

Qul

cum hiems iam adesset, millquadam valle, ubi menses

omnium rerum necessariarum

igitur,

tes suos in hibernls collocavit in

Smultos summa cum inopia

miserrime vlctum est.
Nam non solum in aerario nulla
erat pecunia, sed in castris

mox frumentum quoque

deficere

coepit; mllitesque miseri, quibus erant saga nulla, saepe

noctes totas prope ignem vigilare coacti sunt. Qum etiam

lotraditum

est,

cum agmen

hiberna

in

iter faceret,

multorum

pedes nudos in nive vestigia cruenta fecisse.

Sed iam demum ex Europa socil Americanls auxilium
ferre parabant
multi enim etiam alils ex gentibus mo;

leste
15

civium colonls concedere

ferebant Britannos iura

nSluisse.

LESSON

40

Help from France

tempore factum erat ut Galli, qui Britannos
minime amabant, cum Americanls facerent foedus atque
Ita hoc fere

trans

1.

abl.

mare imperatorem cum

qulnque mllibus

passuum:

of degree of difference.

(away} from.
2. pugnatum est
J"ought ; lit. what?
3.

cum

5.

cum:

classe mitterent, qui colonos

ab

8.

p.

10.
:

battle

was

dat. case; cf. cui,

2.

multSrum: as(masc.)noun;

multi,

1.

13.

Americanis
indirect obj.
with auxilium ferre.
13. aliis ex gentibus: i.e. of
12.

as, or since.

freely,

cf.

quibus:

1 1, 1.

under

the

stress of.

other nationalities.

miserrime: misere (adv.),

victum est: imperwretchedly.

to pass.

6.

sonal pass, (from viv5)

aerarium,

-ri,

N.,

aerario:

public treasury.

16.

factum erat:

it

had come

17. cum preposition.

foedus, -eris, N., alliance.
:

foedus

FIRST LATIN

46

Quibus rebus

adiuvaret.

cum

delphiae consederant,
se undique
copils
5

aliis,

READER

cognitis, Britanni

illi, qui Philasentirent flumine classe obsesso

oppugnari posse, celeriter sese coniunxerunt cum

quae in provincia proxima collocatae erant. Ita

Philadelphia rursus in Americanorum potestatem pervenit.

Adhuc Britanni crediderant colonos facile vinci posse

demum

sed iam

senserunt se rem difficillimam tractare

quae ad meridiem spectant, colon!

ran multls cum servis in praedils maximls habitarent, in
in provincils,

cumque

ioeas constituerunt exercitus suos mittere, si ibi rem gerere

Nee vero eos consilium fefellit nam
fellcius possent.
;

15

Gorgia una cum aliis quibusdam provincils brevl est occupata, et ubicumque in acie pugnatum est, American! vict!
sunt
Quibus detrlmentls minime animo demissi, colonl
iam manus parvas coegerunt, quae in silvis paludibusque
latebant, donee occasidnem rel bene gerendae nanclscerentur turn subito impetu facto aut capiebant Britannos
;

aut eos in

fugam dabant.

LESSON

41

Benedict Arnold

Dum

haec geruntur, in provincia NoveboracensI quldam

aoimperator Americanus, nomine Arnoldius, dux audax ac
1. quibus rebus
this.
delphiae locative case.
2. flumine
obsesso
.

late

by a conditional
3.

oppugnari:
word.

letter of the

the

sese:
8.

trans-

the

posse

last

could.

since,

or inasmuch

as.

8.

eas
si

referring to provincils,
cf. si, p.

33,

1.

4.

freely,

and

15.

manus:

companies,

or

bands.
latebant:

rapiebant,

p.

7,

cf.
1.

the note on

17.

gerendae (gen. case)

10.

1.

16.

i.e. se.

cum:

nee vero, etc.

plan WAS successful ; lit. what?

13. ubicumque
conjunction,

wherever.

clause.

note

n.

Phila-

rel

bene

freely, snc-

nanclscerentur
cessful action.
translate the subjunctive "could."
:

FIRST LATIN READER

47

strenuus, Britannis parabat prodere castra, quae colon! in

rlpa fluminis Hudsonis posuerant, quoque ab Americanls

comportata erant omnia, quae ad bellurn necessaria erant;

nam castra natura loci munitissima erant, ac funis quoque
Sferreus ibi trans flumen ductus erat, ne naves hostium
longius adverse flumine navigare possent
BritannI, cum iam dies proditionis appropinquaret, nun-

tium mlserunt, qul ducem convenlret Americanum, litteIncolumis ad Arnoldium pervenit

rasque ab eo reportaret.
10

nuntius

cum ad

sed

Britannos redlret, ab Americanls

qul captlvum sine mora in castra proxima deduxerunt, quamquam ille miser omnibus modis ab
els salutem impetrare conatus est.
Qua de re certior factus, Arnoldius ad Britannos quam celerrime perfugit; qu5tribus captus est

15

rum

in exercitu imperator brevi factus est.

Nuntius interim, causa cognita, capitis est damnatus
litteras enim, quas manu ducis Americanl scrlptas ferebat,

20

delere

non potuerat, antequam

ductus

est.

lum

Arnoldius,

cum

a colonis tribus

contra suos elves acerrime bel-

postremo apud Britann5s mortuus est, etiam

invisus quos tanta perfidia adiuvare conatus erat.

gessisset,

els ipsls

castra, quae, etc.

1.

West

5.

natura:
(-is,

M.)

ferreus

ductus erat
7.

ille

the

(less often)

capitis

The charge or
penalty may be

scrlptas.

-um)

had been
cf.

iron.

stretched.

proditio, -onis,

the verb prodo,

i.

12.

tried.

death.

note the case.

proditionis

p., betrayal',

cognita

to

chain.
(-a,

16.
i.e.

their

as quickly

in exercitu

qu5rum
army.

expressed, as here, by the genitive.

17. manu: abl. of means with

4.

and in

celerrime

quam

as possible.

i.e.
qu5 + que,
quoque
and into which ; for quo, cf. the
note on p. 8, 1. 14.
note the gender.
3. omnia:
ad for.

funis

14.

namely,

Point.

2.

1.

in castra

miser: he, poor fellow.

19.

cum

waging.

gessisset: after
suos: observe the em.

phatic position

(cf.

the

p. n, 1. 6).
21. eis ipsis: dat.

note on

suum,

strue with invisus.

case; con-

FIRST LATIN

48

READER

LESSON

A Roman

who fought against

Quibus rebus admoneor

clar5 duce

42

lit

his Country

pauca dicam de Coriolano,

qul imperator fortissimus, a clvibus

ab
urbe
discessit seque coniunxit cum
damnatus,
Romanis
bellum
antea
hostibus, qul
saepe intulerant.

R6man5;

iniuria

10

Denuo mox

bello indicto, hostibus

primo res undique

feliciter evenerunt, Romanlque legates pacis petendae causa
ad Coriolanum mittere coacti. sunt,
Qul autem, propter
iniuriam a clvibus inlatam adhuc iratus, asperius respondit
legatosque maestissimos domum dimlsit; quln etiam Idem
nuntil a senatu iterum missi ne in castra recepti quidem sunt.

Quibus rebus cognitis, Roman! graviter permoti etiam

sacerdotes mittere constituerunt, si ab els saltern Coriolani
animus ferox fleet! posset cum ver5 ne hi quidem quicquam
;

15

impetrare potuissent, turn mater ipsa uxorque Coriolani una

cum alils matronls compluribus ad hostium castra maestae
profectae sunt.
Quo ubi perventum

motus Coriolanus

x.

matris verbis vehementer com-

qul: this (adj.).

3.

iniuria:

urbe

abl.

the

rendering of the comparative, cf.

the note on maximum, p. 13,

used adverbi-

city,

i.e.

Rome,

often thus designated as being the

city par excellence.
4.

Romanis:

5.

denuo:

dat. case.

/.*.

adv.,

harshly}

n.
9.

envoys or ambasmaestissimos pred. adj.

legates

sadors.

pi.

ferox (-ocis, adj.)

for the

flecto,

influence.

quam:

idem:
flecti:

pacis

(aspere

1.

13.

iterum.

petendae causa i.e.

ad pacem petendam.
Literally
causa means "for the sake of."
8. asperius:
rather harshly
6.

exercitu e

Postea apud hostls mul-

discessurum.

pauca: a few (words').

2.

ally.

mora cum

pollicitus est se sine

Roman5rum

ffnibus

est,

any

vero

3,
:

fierce.

flexi,

flexus,

and.

concession,

lit.

quic-

any-

thing.
15.

maestae: in (the garb oj")

mourning.

READER

FIRST LATIN
tos

annos

vixit,

nam

nee libenter;

49

eum

traditum est

esse

solitum dicere sen! miserrimum esse exsilium.

LESSON

43

The Surrender of Cornwallis

Sed

ut ad

Americanos redeamus, ab

cum

els diu ac varia for-

At paulatim oppida
ad
meridiem
provinciarum, quae
spectant, rursus in pote-

tuna bellum

Britannis gestum

est.

statem Americanorum verierunt, ac Cornivallis, qul iam ibi

in Virginiam postremo se recipere coactus

bellum gerebat,
est;

summa cum

in provincia

qua

licentia rapere et

agere

coepit omnia.

Vasingto autem iam aderat cum exercitu socilsque GalCornivallis in urbe mumtissima, quae Eboracopolis

10

licis; et

oppugnationem duos menses

Turn
aegre
hostes, cum frustra erumpere conatl
essent parsque munltionum ab Americanls esset expugnata,
se suaque omnia VasingtonI dediderunt. Cornivallis autem
ipse, ne suis oculis Ignominiam exercitus videret, eo die se
appellatur, undique obsessus,
sustinuit.

15

esse

aegrum simulabat, atque

maestus moratus

est facta,

in

tabernaculo, donee deditio

est.

Hac
20 ac

victoria nuntiata, American! ecfrenate gaudebant

senatus in templum convocatus dls gratias maximas egit.

x.

cf.

the

nee

viv5.

note on

p.

17,

from senex.
redeamus
3. ut
.

ibi: in that region.

8.

licentia:

freely,

rob

licentia,

rapere

et

and plunder ;

mumtissima: strongly for-

tified.

to return.

6.

lawlessness.

sen!

drive off (live

stock).
ii.

sem: for an old man-,

and

steal (goods)

8.
2.

is

from

vixit:

libenter:

13.

hostes

16.

ne

the English.
videret
freely,

i.e.
.

in order to avoid seeing.

-ae,

16.

F.,

agere

strictly,

1.

suis

cf.

again suum,

6.

20.

dls:

cf.

p. 14,

1.

19.

p.

n,

FIRST LATIN

READER

MUNITIUNES

Above may be seen the remains of a Roman camp, showing

very well the nature of
at short intervals

its

defenses

by small towers.

still

namely, a vallum, strengthened

FIRST LATIN READER

Omnes enim

sentiebant Britannis

51

pacem iam demum

esse

petendam.

LESSON
Washington
Pace

Novum
5

facta, Carleto,

retires to

Private Life

dux Britannicus, qui

cum

praesidio tenebat,
redire a rege iussus

domumque
I llam

44

turn

Eboracum

exercitu naves conscendere

est.

urbem Vasingto

legates suos paulo post convoCumque pauca locutus eos valere iussisset, legatl,
qui eo duce annos circiter octo stlpendia fecerant, lacrimas
non potuerunt diutius continere, sed Rentes imperatorem
in

cavit.

icdextra tenuerunt.

Legatis dimissis, Vasingto, ut imperium

statim profectus est, ubi senatus

suum deponeret, ad urbem

turn habebatur.

15

Cum iter faceret, multitudines maximae ex oppidis omnibus egressae flores in via sparserunt; et inter fausta nomina
etiam pater patriae est appellatus. Sic progressus est usque
ad urbem, ubi

domum

sito,

eum

senatus exspectabat

mora

sine

dio iure otiosum vivere posse, sicut

indictum
i

6.
7.

1.

cf

the note on

21.

legatos staff officers.

eos valere iussisset:
:

had

bidden them (to) fare well (valeo,

2,

valui).
8.
1.

21,

eo duce:
14.

advenaduce,

cf.

circiter: cf. p. 45,

stlpendia fecerant
1.

cf.

1.

p.
i.

p. 42,

6.

10.
11.

imperio depo-

f ecerat,

antequam bellum

est.

Britannis

sibi, p. 34,

turn,

contendit, arbitratus se iam in prae-

freely,
sion.
13.

cum

14.

sparserunt:

in ses-

as.

spargo,
3,
fausta

sparsl, sparsus, scatter.

faustus, -a, -um, complimentary.

16. exspectabat: note the tense.
17.

arbitratus:

veriti, p. 2,
1

ut: for the purpose (of}.

senatus
habebatur:

Congress was

8.

1.

cf.

the note on

17.

iure: abl. of ius, used ad-

verbially

otiosum:

cf.
cf.

iniuria, p.

p. 38,

1.

48, 1.3.

6, note.

FIRST LATIN

52

LESSON

READER
45

The Father of his Country

Laus maxima VasingtonI tribuenda est, quod se regem

Sed eius nomen manet semperque mansurum

facere noluit.
est in animls

hominum,

in aeternitate

temporum, neque aliud

umquam ab Americams aeque amabitur. Quod ille pater

patriae appellatus est, hie est honor, qui paucis contigit.
Nam abhinc multos annos Cicero ita est vocatus, cum vlrem publicam perdere voluerant
hoc idem cognomen Camillo a clvibus gratis

cisset clvls pessimos, qui

et antiquitus

iure
10

datum

Nam

est.

Romanus, dux fortis clarusque, iniuria in ius

vocatus, abierat in exsilium, vivebatque apud Ardeates, cum
Galli pluriml trans montes in Italiam subito profecti, proeille vir

lio acri vlcerunt Romanes, urbemque ipsam incenderunt.

Turn Camillus, concilio convocato, Ardeates hortatus est ut
15

audacter fines defenderent suos, Romanisque fortiter auxilium ferrent.

Itaque, illo duce, oppidan! noctu clam profecti, in

laus

1.

Gallos, qui sine custodils in agro aperto

quosdam

credit,

p.):

(laudis,

tribuenda est

due

is

(tribuo, 3,

or ascribe}.

tribui, tributus, give,

contigit:
masc., as noun.
contingo, 3, -tigi, fall (to the lot
of), or happen (to}.

few;

quod: that (conjunction).

mansurum

2.

erat, p. 31,
3.

1.

est

8.

p.,

porum

endless

aeternitas,
extent.
tern-

the ages.

aliud

(any)

other.
4. aeque
adv.,
equally.
quod: as for the fact that.
:

5.

hie

p.

30,

est:
cf.

gender,
1.

6.

this

the

is;

note

paucis

for

on

the

cognomen: cognomen,

N., title.

gratis

-inis,

grateful.

people of Ardea
town about twenty miles south
Rome).

n. Ardeates

(a
of

12. Galli: the Gauls, a people

inhabiting the country now known
as France.

quod,

13.

p. 48,

(only)

3, perdidi,

perditus, ruin.

7.

aeternitate:

-atis,

perdere: perdo,

7.

futurus

cf.

urbem
1.

3.

cf.

the note on urbe,

FIRST LATIN

READER

53

sopltl, maximo clamore fecerunt impetum,

fugam dederunt. Ac paulo post reliqul quoque

hum! iacebant
eosque in

hostes, qu! in castrls

paene ad
3.

ad

Qnum

ad

Romam

morati erant, a Camillo

occlsi sunt.

Romam: near

(or at)

Rome.

4.

adunum:

cf.

p. 4,

1.

5.

TALES OF LAND AND SEA

LESSON

46

The Settlers Datighter

Nova quondam

In Britannia

petus timebant Indorum,

solebant

ac prope

agricolae, qul semper imagros cotldie secum arma ferre

in

quendam vlcum

in colle edito castellum

erat, quo, si quando opus esset, colonl

uxoresque statim deducerent. Quo ex castello olim
signum subito datum est Indos adesse. Hoc audito, agricolae, equis in agrls sine mora relictls, ad villas cucurrerunt,

quoque positum

liberos

et mulieres ac liberos

quam

celerrime in castellum deducere

coeperunt.
10

tantum, ad castellum cum

potuit, priusquam Indl in conspectum
venerunt; itaque puellam parvam in arbore cava collocavit, ne hostes earn invenlre possent, ipseque, ut auxilium

At

quldam, cui erat

vir

fllia

ea pervenire non

clvibus suls ferret, per agros fortiter contendit.

In proelio, quod est ibi commissum, ab Indls capti, in

longinquas deduct! sunt agricolae pauci, in els ille

de quo modo dlxl. Oppidan! scilicet crediderunt filiam
una cum patre captam esse sed ille multis post mensibus
silvas

vir,

edit5
editus, -a, -um, high.
quo: cf. quo, p. 47, 1. 2.
-si quando:. if at any time, or
whenever.
there
opus esset:
should be need.
3.

8.

1.

4.

7.

sine

mora:

i.e.

celerrime

quam

cf. p.

47,

14.

n. priusquam: i.e. antequam.

commissum: i.e.
15. est
commissum est.
.

16.

instantly.

54

in eis

cf. p.

38,

1.

14.

READER

FIRST LATIN
ex Indorum vlco clam effugit

55

cumque postremo domum

oppido filiam potuisset invenire, avis

pervenisset neque
Ibi reperta sunt ossa
suos ad arborem cavam deduxit.
in

tantum

et sagitta una.

LESSON

47

The Trials of War

5

Ab

hostibus transmarmls qul olim bellum cum col5nis

Americanis multos annos gesserunt, facinora atrocia facta
esse dlcuntur

Nam

plurima.

cuidam colono erant duo

maxima

dlligentia curabat; at
imperator hostium, qul hoc oppidum praesidio tenebat,

equl pulcherrimi, quos

ille

loqulque erat omnibus oppidanis superbia maxime invlsus,

illos equos quondam ad se duel iussit, quod nuntium cum

ad castra longinqua mittere

litteris

equls

15

nemo

postea

vidit,

Sed unum ex

vellet.

alterque paucis post horls in via

moribundus baud procul repertus est.

Praedam quoque e villis undique rapere solebant hostes
sed eos quondam duo servl Afrl callide eluserunt; postquam enim milites appropinquare nuntiatum est, hi servl
;

fideles,

tabula abrepta, argentum domini celeriter sub aedi-

bus condiderunt.

Unus autem ex

sub aedibus

els

ar-

2ogentum vix ab altero acceperat, cum subit5 hostes in

conspectum venerunt. Itaque ille, qul supra stabat, tabu3.

ossa

5.

transmarinis

os, ossis, N., bone.

transmari-

nus, -a, -um, from across the sea.

6. atrocia:
atrdx, -ocis, adj.,

dastardly.
7. dicuntur
ID.

quique:

omnibus

construe with invlsus.

note the
i.e.

oppidanis:

qui

pi.

dat.

zz.

verb.

18.

21.

que.

case;

quod

vellet:

on the

ground that he wanted,

16.

superbia

abl. of cause.

cf.

1.

callide
adv., cleverly.
tabula: tabula, -&*,?., board.
ille:
tabulam:
the one.
:

18.

READER

FIRST LATIN

56

lam statim demlsit, ne quid hostes suspicarentur ac servus

alter, qul nullo modo evadere poterat, tris dies noctesque
sub aedibus dicitur sine aqua cibove mansisse.
;

LESSON
The Attempt

48

to surprise

Detroit

Postquam bellum, quod a Britannls cum Gallls Indlsque

gerebatur, paene cdnfectum est, multaque castella longinqua in potestatem Britannorum venerunt, quidam rex
Indorum, nomine Pontiac, dux fortis et acer, castella ilia
recipere Britannosque

ex

ita

regionibus expellere se

els

posse sperare coepit quare, concilils undique convocatis,

iolndos hortatus est ut se fortiter sequerentur atque hostis
invlsos ad unum interficerent.
;

Cum

iam ad caedem faciendam Indl omnia expedlrent,

e castello
naculls
15

quodam mulier

forte egressa barbaros in taberQua re nuntiata, legatus

arma parare animadvertit.

tamen verebatur, donee

castellum
maesta intravit,
puella Inda,
Indorum
totum
ostendit.
Turn vero castelconsiliumque
lum custodils maioribus flrmatum est, nee nimis mature;
Britannicus, qul ibi praeerat, nihil

quae eum amabat,

nam
i.

postera nocte procul in

not

demlsit:

dimlsit.

9.

After ne and
quid: i e. aliquid.
si, the short forms quis, quid, etc.,
are regularly used.
3.
1.

dicitur:

cf.

dicuntur, p. 55,

the French and Indian

8.

capio.
infin.

recipere

namely,

War.

14.

qua

15.

nihil

re

this observation.

no concern ;
nimis

verebatur freely,
:

lit.

what?

adv.,

too.

The

whole phrase may be rendered

freely and none too soon.

compound of

This and the following

depend on posse, 1. 9.

him.

se

18.

bellum, quod, etc.

posse: could.

10.

felt

7.
4.

poterat cantus

silvis audlrl

19.

audiri

of the word.
1.

2.

note the last letter

cantus
cf. p. 3,
:

READER

FIRST LATIN

hostium, qul circum ignes saltabant

caedem

57

enim Indl se ad

sic

incitare solebant.

LESSON
The Attempt

Mane ad

to surprise

cum

castellum

49
Detroit (Continued}

comitibus circiter sexaginta

venit Pontiac, conciliumque postulavit.

Haud magno

in-

Stervallo sequebatur reliqua multitude Indorum, qui simulabant se extra munitiones pila lusuros.

Portis castelll patefactls, Pontiac, qul nihil suspicabatur,

una cum comitibus, qul omnes arma vestimentis tecta fere-

bant, sine mora intravit deinde autem vehementer permoiotus mllites omnes et complures negotiatores cum armis
;

animadvertit.
Postquam vero ad pnncipia
deductus est ac vldit duos tresve tantum adesse centuriones,
audacter cum legato loqui coepit.

circumstare

15

Priusquam ad castellum perventum est, comites rex

monuerat se, cum pauca prius de pace locutus esset, legato
zonam daturum quo slgno impetum statim in legatum
centurionesque faciendum esse, cum interim Indl ceteri,
;

qul extra munitiones relict! erant, per portas inrumperent

praesidiumque adonrentur.
2.

caedem:

(the business of)

murdering.
4.

"at"
6.

intervallo

translate the abl.

(strictly, abl.

of manner).

pila: (at) ball; abl.

(pila,-ae, F.).

qul omnes: all of whom.

but
vestimentis: abl. of means
;

translate "under."

10

cum armis:

his

followers.

prlncipia

cipia, -orum, N.,

of means

lusuros: sc. esse.

8.

armed.

n. circumstare: i.e. in such

a way as to encircle Pontiac and

pauca:

15cf.

multa, p.

zSnam

16.

daturum:

5,
:

1.

(fully}

9.

zona, -ae, F.,

would

slgno abl. of time

late "at."
:

i.e.

17.

ceteri:

prln-

headquarters.
note the gender;

i.e.

belt.

offer.

quo

when;

trans-

reliqul.

FIRST LATIN

58

Cum vero porrigere zonam

et subito

dedit,

Turn
silia
5

READER
cdnaretur, legatus signum

ille

prmcipia son5 armorum completa sunt.

demum barbarl, qul iam plane sentiebant omnia consua patefacta esse, vultu demisso e castello silentio sunt
atquein silvas properaverunt

egress!,

tannorum mox amissl

A
Colon!,

ubi e conspectu Bri-

sunt.

cum bellum

LESSON

50

Successful

Ruse

gererent, hostis saepe fallacils eluse-

quldam American us, qul menses multos

cum exercitu fuerat, uxoris conveniendae causa olim clam
Sicut dux

runt.

icdomum

Cuius adventu cognito, oppidani,

profectus est.
certiorem fecerunt legatum
hostibus
favebant,
qul pauci
Britannicum, qul castris praeerat proximls, ducem ilium in

oppido
15

latere.

Itaque sine mora cum legione noctu profectus, legatus ad

oppidum celeriter contendit; ubi statim aedibus AmericanI
ignes admotl sunt.
Quo animadverso, ille scilicet credebat

spem omnem iam esse sublatam sed fllia ex aedibus foregressa legato, "Mater mea," inquit, "aegra est. Da
:

titer

rmhi, obsecro, salutem eius saltern miserae."

1. zonam: see p. 57, 1. 16.
signum dedit i.e. made a motion.
:

2.

see p. 57, 1. n.
fallacils: tricks or trickery

prmcipia

7.

(fallacia, -ae, F.)

1.

8.

sicut

9.

causa

as,

for in stance.

cf.

the note

on

"to be

14.

legione: (his} regiment

AmericanI: as noun, gen.
.

sing.

p. 48,

16.

ignes:

translate as

sing.,

and turn the whole phrase into the

10.

oppidani

11.

qui pauci:

12.

literally

"or "to be

over," notions
which, in Latin, call for the dative.
15.

6.

p. 57,

The word means

before

1.

(his}

townsmen.

cf.

qui omnes,

8.

praeerat:

active form.
19.
secro,

cf.

p. 56,

1.

15.

her,

quo: neuter.
f beg (you} (obmiserae: of
eius

obsecro:
i).

poor woman.

READER

FIRST LATIN

59

cum lecto leniter elata est;

ullo modo effugere posset, aedes

re impetrata, mulier

Qua

mllites autem, ne dux ipse

interim omnibus ex partibus circumstabant
qum etiam
hand procul sunt morati, donee aedes totae igni con:

sumptae

Turn

sunt.

laetl

ad castra se receperunt, inter se

gloriantes unum saltern Americanum sceleratum poenas

At incolumis erat ille nam, cum uxor efferretur,
dedisse.
sub lecto manibus genibusque ambulaverat, neque eum
Sic astutia filiae servatus mox ad exviderat quisquam.
;

10

ercitum tuto

rediit.

LESSON
How

51

Town was Saved

the

Multis post annis, quam ea, quae modo dlxl, facta sunt,
duae puellae Americanae, quae alio in oppido prope mare
Olim enim,
habitabant, facinus memorabile ausae sunt.

cum
15

pater earum longe abesset, in conspectum subito venit

navis longa Britannica ex qua, cum in portum pervenisset,
mllites multl scaphis vectT ad litus celeriter contenderunt
;

atque Americanorum coeperunt incendere navigia, quae

turn forte in portu ad ancoram c5nsistebant.

Fugam iam
efferS.

3.

p. 44,
4.

est:

elata

re: concession.

x.

from

parabant oppidan! ceteri

omnibus
totae:

tus, p. 2,

1.

cf.

partibus:

cf.

the note on lae-

16.

5.

inter se

8.

manibus,

means;

ex

6.

1.

among
etc.

translate

-us. N.,

knee).

quam:

cf. p. 2,

themselves.

"upon"
neque

1.

abl.

n.

of

(genu,
.

quis-

9.

at puellae illae,

astutia:

quick wit.
n. post
ea
quam.

astutia,

quam:

-ae,

i.e.

F.,

post-

the events.

13. facinus: not as on p. 55, 1.

6 (see the Vocab.). The phrase,
as a whole, should be rendered
freely.

19. parabant:
preparations for.

meanings of

this

were

making

What are other

word

FIRST LATIN

6o

READER

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Among
art.

The

the ancients, music was a comparatively undeveloped

scantiness of the music of the stage is indicated by the

above scene from a comedy, where the actor in the foreground is

manipulating a tambourine (tympanum)^ while another in the rear
plays

upon double pipes

(tibiae).

Roman

army, music was not employed as an accompaniment for the inarch ; but various trumpets were used for sounding
In the

In the picture below may be seen the long straight

trumpet (tuba} used by the infantry.
signals.

READER

FIRST LATIN

61

arreptls, secundum litus clam properaveac

colle
runt,
parvo interposito clare canere coeperunt.
Qu5 sono audlto, BritannT vehementer commotl armatos

tibia

tympanoque

plurimos appropinquare arbitrabantur (nam American! multaeque gentes aliae tibia tympanoque canere solent, cum in
proelium progrediuntur). Quare, veriti ne interciperentur,
hostes, navigiis

oppidanorum

navem longam receperunt

relictis,

celerrime se ad

nam non

suam
m-

diutius de iniurils

ferendis cogitabant, sed sine

mora navem solverunt atque

mare apertum progress!

oppidum servatum est.

sunt.

10 in

LESSON
An Example

Ita a puellls

duabus

52

of Fortitude

summum

American!

cruciatum sine gemitu pat!

possunt, atque Indi Asiatic! nudl dlcuntur inter nives vitam
111!
agere, neque edere gemitum, etsi ignes admoveantur.
Indi

i5tamen cruciatu

Nam

rant.

1. .tibia:

cum

2.

interposito:

5.

cf.

-i,

N.,

p.

adv., loudly.
tibia tympanoque

6.

36,

1.

see

1.

8.

even though.
:

1.

whole phrase

suam:

8.

inferendis:

cf.

suum,

p.

n,

1.

inflicting-,

6.

15.

cf.

9.

solverunt:

The

loosed,

released; see the Vocab-

or

eis

cf.

in

(the

matter

inferendis,

1.

8.

ablative expresses specifica-

tion.
16.

lit.

sc.

freely.

ferendo:

of) bearing',

the force of the gerundive as seen

in the use with ad and causa in

purpose clauses.

translate as

subjunctive, because part of the

indirect discourse.
Render the

8.

ing) that.
7.

ignes

admoveantur

sing.

a verb of fear-

(after

modo supecum rege

ne:

nullo

vitam:
13. nudi
pred. adj.
translate as pi.
not edere.
etsi:
14. edere:

drum.

for syntax, cf. manibus, p. 59,

Romanes

diu neque fellciter bellum

tibia, -ae, p., flute.

tympano tympanum,
clare

ferendo

fortiter

olim,

neque

cessfully
1.

8.

cf.

feliciter

andunsric-

the note on p. 17,

FIRST LATIN

62

READER

Porsinna gestum esset, C. Mucius, clarus iuvenis Romanus,

Tiberim constituit solus transire regemque hostium, si posset,

Itaque telo

interficere.

veste tecto

profectus est;

cumque flumen clam translsset, in castra hostium incolumis

Ibi tamen regem a comitibus internoscere non
5 pervenit.
pro Porsinna scrlbam occldit; deinde frustra
ad regem ipsum deductus est. QuI cum
conatus
effugere
potuit, ac

cognoscere consilia, quae in se inita erant,

admoverl, ut iuvenis omnia prodere cogeretur.
ignes
10 Ille autem ultro dextram in ignem porrexit, cruciatumque
vellet penitus
iussit

sine gemitu passus est.

Quo viso rex, tantam fortitudinem
admiratus, captivum incolumem dlmisit, ac paulo post a
Romanls pacis condiciones petlvit, quod cum gente, ex qua

erant iuvenes tantae virtutis, diutius bellum gerere nollet.

LESSON
A
15

Prlm5

53

Hasty Leave- Taking"

quod Britanm cum Americanis gesserunt,

per pr5vinciam Noveboracensem

bello,

cum ex Canada

hostes,

1. Porsinna: king of Etruria,

a district of Italy just north of
C.
i.e. Caius {Gains).
Latium.
2. Tiberim
ace. sing, of Ti:

8.

-ii,

-itus,

3.

p. 57,
5.

vestimento:

i.e.

cf.

8.

1.

internosco, 3,

-novi, -notus, distinguish.

6.

scribam:

scriba,

-ae,

M.,

ad

cum
ticipial

qui the king.

before.
vellet: translate by a par:

phrase.

young men of

-which.

tantae virtutis:

14.

clerk.
7.

everything.
neut.

13. quod: because (a.shesaid}.

ex qua
iuvenes: freely, //k?
.

internoscere

in:
-ire,

enter into.

n. quo:

si: if.

veste:

omnia

9.

beris.

penitus: adv., fully.

inita erant
ineo,

against.

expresses

characteristic

ity;

translate

then

freely.

15.

when.

first

primo belld:

the

gen.

or qual-

literally

and

abl. of time

FIRST LATIN
ad mare

63

facere conabantur, a socils Indis multum

barbar! enim paulum ante exercitum progress!,

iter

adiutl sunt

undique incensis, colonos summa crudelitate occideQuare agricolarum omnium suspensl erant animl.

villis

bant.
5

READER

Dum res ita se habent, in praedio quodam servus Afer

olim subito ex horto perterritus fugit, dominumque certiorem fecit se Indum in herba latentem vidisse.
Quo
audlto,

dominus statim ad

fratris vlllam profectus est, ut

consilium communicaret; interim uxorfilium iussit

cum eo

Turn, postquam rediit pater,

carrum
imposuerunt, aedibusque ac bobus repauca
fluminis
satis magni, quod prope fluebat,
ad
lictls,
rlpam

ioequos carrumque parare.

in

mora progress!

sine

15

Id

sunt.

cum

transissent,

inde per agros contenderunt una cum colonls

his regionibus diutius morari non audebant.

celeriter

qul in

alils,

At ne sic
quidem sine laboribus periculisque effugerunt; nam in
itinere, tempestate subito coorta, mater llbenque sub caelo
noctem agere coactl sunt sed postremo in provinciam
:

proximam incolumes pervenerunt.

LESSON

54

The Capture of a Man-of- War

Olim mult! armatl American! ad Canadam versus

20

faciebant, ut ibi

cum

iter

Gallis

pugnarent.
Qui postremo
ad
transeundus
si longius proerat,
lacum,
qul
pervenerunt
i.

Indis: here adj.

3.

occldebant:

p. 7,

1.

cf.

rapiebant,

17.

5.

res: matters.

8.

vlllam

farm

cf.

the com-

moner meaning of the word

9.
I,

communicaret:

make

jointly.

in

1.

3.

communico,

u. pauca: note
bobus: from bos.
12.

satis: quite.

14.

alils

18.

noctem agere

agere, p. 61,
20.

gender.

not reliquis or ceteris.

1.

armatl

the phrase

.the

cf.

vitam

13.
:

strictly,

noun

may be rendered

but

freely.

FIRST LATIN

64

READER

in lacu autem ultro citroque navis longa

gredi vellent
Gallica navigabat, ne quis ibi scaphls transire posset.
American! scilicet navem longam sibi statim capiendam
;

esse intellexerunt.
Concilioque convocato, cum variae senStentiae dictae essent, subito legatus qiridam, maximae virtutis vir, imperatorl "Ego," inquit, "si mihi milites sex et

cuneos compluris dabis, celeriter rem conficiam." Mllitibus

cuneisque datls, legatus nocte intempesta ad navem longam
clam scapha vectus est; ubi cuneos sic Inseruit, ut gubernaiocula nullam in partem mover! possent.

Mane AmericanI lacum

transire

coepenmt.

Quo animad-

verso, Galli, qui nihil suspicabantur, veils passls in hostes

impetum facere conati sunt; at navis, ventis statim ad litus

quibusdam Americanis, qui ad

delata, facile capta est a

15

id

Nave longa capta, scaphae

ipsum
Americanorum sine ullo incommodo ad litus ulterius pervenerunt, militesque rursus ad Canadam per montes silvasque
in litore

moratl erant.

leniter progress! sunt.

LESSON
The Fall of

Cum

Britann!

55

New London

Novum Eboracum

praesidio

tenerent,

omnibus, quae ad bellum

necessariae sunt, secundum litus Novae Britanniae ad
1.

ultro

rebus

onustas

2ocoloni classls

not as on p. 62,

10

1.

see the Vocab.

ne quis so that no one

the note on quid, p. 56, 1. i.
2.

1.

4.

sententiae

8.

nocte intempesta

cf.

cf.

sentio.
:

cf.

Inseruit:

msero, 3, -serui,
ut: introduc-sertus, force in.

of the word.

13.

passls from pando.

ventis: abl. of means.

14.

id

12.

p. 43,

5.

9.

gubernaing a clause of result.

cf. the illustration facing p. i
10. mover!
note the last letter

cula

ipsum:

this

very

pur -

pose.
16.

ulterius: modifier of litus.

FIRST LATIN READER

occidentem navigantes interdum videbant

65
turn, e portibus

liburnicls celerrime vectl, onerarias capiebant, si

quae

forte,

progressae, intervallo maiore sequebantur naves

Id BritannI diu molongas, quae els praesidio missae erant.
leste tulerant cumque insula Longa iam tota subacta esset,
tardius

ne postea
auderent,

umquam colonl in naves suas impetum

Novum Londmium delere constituerunt.

facere

Itaque ab insula noctu profecti, fretum clam transierunt

sed ventis adversls impedltl portum non potuerunt intrare,

10

donee dies postera

datum

Turn

illuxit.

celeriter e castellis

slgnum

omnibus ex partibus in oppidum convenerunt. QuI, cum BritannI e navibus egress! essent, ad lltu's versus fecerunt iter,
colonis

est hostes adesse, et agricolae armati

tela

murlsque interpositls
*5

At

plurima in hostes inmlsenmt.

multo superiores, mox inru-

BritannI, qui numero erant

perunt in oppidum atque ignes

undique aedibus templlsque

Quo vls5, colonl, ut uxores liberosque

loca tuta deducerent, ex oppido in agr5s se receperunt.
admSverunt.

LESSON
The Fall of

20

in

56

New London

(Continued}

Prope oppidum erant castra quaedam, quae American!

Quo cum hostes pervepraesidio baud magno tenebant.
navigantes: modifying clasinterdum: not
64, 1. 20.
interim.
videbant: used to sight.
1.

sis, p.

2.

capiebant
si

p. 7,1. 17.

the note
3.

cf.

on

p. 13,

4.

1.

ab-

(cf.

the note

intervallo:

n).

cf.

4.

eis praesidio

as

an

upon

their shipping.

5.

subacta:

subigo,

3,

-egi,

-actus, subdue.

quid, p. 56, 1. I.
tardius
maiore:

1.

cf.

on

solute comparatives

p. 57,

rapiebant,

quae: if any;

lit.
for a protection to
praesidi5 being a dat. of
service.
id:
i.e.
this preying

for them,

them,

escort

6.

ne

umquam:

so that

never.
8.

fretum: sound.

15.

numero:

16.

ignes

cf. p. 44, 1. 15.

translate as sing.

FIRST LATIN

66

READER
Dato autem

nissent, colonos statim se dedere iusserunt.

response minime

grato, acerrime

BritannI, qui, ut supra dlxi,

pugnatum est sed

numero multo erant superiores,
ibi

postremo conscenderunt munitiones, castraque expugnaqum etiam virtute colonorum, qui animo obstinate restiterant, adeo exacerbatl sunt, ut summa crudelitate occlderent deditos quosdam, qui arma iam proieverunt

cerant.

Deinde tamen, castra funditus delenda esse

arbitrati,

lovulneratos prius efferre coeperunt sed id tanta saevitia,

ut homines miser! in carrum alius super alium abicerentur.
;

Turn a Britannis

circiter viginti carrus duel

coeptus est ad

villam quandam, ubi vulneratl ab amlcis curari possent.

At praeceps erat via, ac postremo a mllitibus carrus diutius

non

isretinerl

arborem

poterat, sed per declive celeriter delatus, in

Ipsa concussione quidam e vulneratis

inllsus est

interfectl esse dlcuntur

portum audltus
20

ac ceterorum ululatus etiam trans

est.

Sed iam undique colon! plurim! ad oppidum auxili ferendi

causa properabant, hostesque celeriter ad navis se recipere
coacti sunt.

2.

response

derived

noun,

from respondeo.
3.

ut

6.

ade5:

as.
cf.

p.

5,

1.

exacerbatl sunt: exacerbo,

asperate.
7. deditos
neratos,
9.

utterly.
1.

1.

when

18.

dependent

i,

ex-

13.

possent

14.

praeceps

as

noun;

cf.

vul-

is

adv., totally, or
arbitrati
cf. veriti,p. 2,
:

note the mood.

(-cipitis,

adj.):

per

declive:

along

the

slope; declive being used as a neut.

noun (from

10.

funditus:

delatus:

decllvis, -is, -e, steep}.

i.e.

rolling

down;

lit.

what?
16.

17.

concussione:

10.

id: sc. fecerunt.

-onis, p., shock.

12.

the passive
coeptus est:
of this verb are used

StandisI, p. 16,

forms

infinitive

steep.
15.

the

passive.

19.

auxili:

concussio,

e: of.
cf.
1.

4.

the

note

on

FIRST LATIN

READER

LESSON
among

Captivity

67

57
the Indians

Priusquam pr5vinciae Americanae validae sunt factae,

Indi oppida longinqua saepe adoriebantur miseraque erat
E quibus
fortuna eorum colonorum, qui ab eis captl sunt.
;

Onus haec fere de se commemorat

5

inquit, "cum barbarl subitS in conspectum veego cum oppidams ceteris fuga petivl salutem, et in

"Olim,"
nissent,

paludem proximam quam celerrime contend!. Sed in

prolapsus, a tribus Indls captus sum, atque una cum

luto
reli-

quls capti vis in silvas longe sum deductus; ubi dies mult5s
10 per rnontes summo cum labore fecimus iter, cum interim

contumelias acerbissimas cotldie ferre cogebamur.

"

Noctu hostes captives hum! supinos collocabant, cunelsque in terra defixis, manus pedesque arte religabant, ne
Interdum
quis nostrum per tenebras effugere conaretur.
f rumenut
veritl
ne
autem
tanta
erat
15
barbarl,
inopia cibl,
turn deficeret, nos etiam ignl mandare semel iterumque in
animo haberent. At ego, postquam frlgore fameque sum
paene necatus, paucls post mensibus a domino novo emppostremo

tus,

domum

adoriebantur

2.

p. 65,

memorat
phrase

cf.

capiebant,

neut.

i.e.

narrat.

com-

n.
13.

may be rendered

discourses

The whole

pi.

freely

somewhat as follows,

etc.

quam

7.

lute

2.

1.

haec:

4.

incolumis pervenl."

quis:
1.

arte

6.

would

inquit: present tense.

fuga: abl. of means;

cf.

cf. p.

61,

say, **/
flight"; cf. other
renderings of this abl., p. 57, 11. 6

sign.

and

Vocab.

8.

1.

p. 47,

adv.,

14.

tightly.

1.

I.

ne

the same phrase on p. 64,

nostrum
autem:

15.

we

cf.

2.

14.

5.

lutum, -I, N., mud.

contumelias: cf. p. 18,

16.

1.

from ego.
ne:

moreover.

6.

mandare:

mando,

semel iterumque

i,

con-

see the

FIRST LATIN

68

READER

LESSON
A
Olim

puella,

ita salutl fuit.

58

Fresh Supply of

Powder

quae Elizabeta appellabatur, oppidanls suis

Subito ab Indis oppidum erat oppugnatum,

colonlque statim se receperant in castellum parvum, quod

barbari diu expugnare frustra conati sunt.
At deficere iam
5

ille paene magicus, quo celeritate exitiali

Americandrum aliarumque gentium multarum longissime feruntur. Quare colon! vehementer erant animo
demissi; quamquam enim in villa hand longinqua copia

coeperat pulvis
tela

pulveris satis magna relicta erat, nemo earn putabat

loullo modo ad castellum tuto adferri posse, quod Indl in
Insidils undique latebant.
Multi tamen perlculum sublre
"
u
sed
Elizabeta
volebant,
Ego Ibo," inquit
puella enim
:

15

sum, meque carere facilius potestis."

Consilio a duce probato, puella mox e castello palam
egressa est, leniterque ad villam versus ambulavit.
Qua

nova permotl, Indl prlmo eventum tacitl exspectabant,

impediente ad villam facillime pervenit
cum autem, pulvere arrepto, ad castellum rursus celeriter
currere coepisset, turn barbari, qul iam se elusos sentiebant,
20 tela plurima
undique coniecerunt. Sed puella fortis sine
re

et Elizabeta nullo

2.

ita: in the

salutl:

lit.

following

for a

way

safety-,

n.

cf.

praesidio, p. 65, 1. 4, and see the

erat oppugnatum: con-

Vocab.
trast

expugnare, 1. 4.
5. quo: abl. of means.
cf. p. 37,
7. animo demissi
:

1.

20.

modo:

chan ce. For

other renderings, see the Vocab.
10.

freely,

sublre

subeo,

-Ire, -ii, -itus.

risk, lit. undergo.

12. volebant: were "willing.

me ...

13.
lit.

carere: spare me,

me; me is abl. case.

you could; cf. potest,

be without

potestis
p. 41,

1.

7.

16.

re

17.

nullo impediente:

performance.

defendente, p. 44,

1.

17.

cf.

nullo

FIRST LATIN READER

vulnere intra portam castelll recepta
sublevatl

Indorum

impetus

69

colonlque pulvere
potuerunt sustinere, donee
est,

amlci auxill ferendi causa ex oppidls finitimis frequentes

convenerunt.

LESSON
A

59

In quodam lacu maximo, cuius in

dum Taeconderoga,
Britannis

Odds

Battle against Great

positum est oppiab

Americanis cum
quondam
Americanis parvae erant naves
lltore

acriter
est.

pugnatum

facile e Canada copias

adferre poterat, multas naves longas summa diligentia Inlostructas paraverat; se enim Taeconderogam brevl expu-

et

paucae

at

dux Britannicus, qui

gnaturum sperabat.
Imperator tamen colonorum, vir maximae virtutis, etsi
numero erat multo Inferior, committere proelium minime

cum horas multas esset pugnatum noxque

iam adesset, naves vix nabant Americanae, telaque paene
defecerant.
Quo qtiidem tempore Britannl, noctem veriti,
destiterunt
sed ad ancoram baud procul consisteproelio
ne
colonl
tenebras
bant,
per
effugere conarentur.
At Americani nocte intempesta, lucernls extmctls, silentio
2odederunt vela, et magno circuitu hostes vltaverunt. Itaque
dubitavit; sed

15

mane, cum Britannl proelium redintegrare

in conspectu erat navis

summa

celeritate

ulla;

Insequi

qtiare

2.

sublevati: sublevo,

i,

help

out.

17.

sunt,

proelid

conatu, p. 21,
6.

9.

12.

Americanis dat. case.

mstructas: equipped.

19.

maximae

virtutis

tae virtutis, p. 62,

I.

14.

cf.

vix

Postquam autem

coeperunt.

Americanos fugientes paene adsecuti

vellent,

ancoris sublatls,

illl,

for

1.

lucerms

constitit
syntax,

ea
cf.

3.

lucerna,

-ae,

F.,

lantern.

tan-

24.
adj.

fugientes

participle

as

FIRST LATIN READER

yo

qua vehebatur dux ipse colonorum, et sola hostium

impetum, donee reliqua classis Americana in portum munitum pervenire potuit qum etiam ne illam quidem
navis,

sustinuit

praedam ceperunt Britanni nam suo navigio, cum ad

appulsum esset, AmericanI ipsl ignis admoverunt.
;

LESSON

litus

60

Night Attack

Bello primo, quod a BritannTs cum Americams gestum

est, in flumine quodam Carolaenae Ulterioris Insula parva
praesidio Britannico tenebaturt interim dominus insulae,
vir locuples reique publicae amantissimus, moleste scilicet

loferebat castra hostium in praedio suo collocata esse, eo

magis quod mllites interdum se msolenter gerebant.

Postremo AmericanI constituerunt adverse flumine navigare copiasque Britannicas, si possent, ex Insula expellere.
Itaque clam prefect!, navibus nocte intempesta ad Insulam
appulsls, impetum acerrimum subito fecerunt. Qua
nova permotl Britanni ad arma celeriter cucurrerunt et
dominus quoque Insulae, qul nesciebat amicos adesse, impetum ab hostibus factum arbitratus, una cum ux5re
llberlsque in silvas tardius se contulit; ipse enim pedibus

15 silentio

re

4.
5.

p. 31,
6.
1.

suo cf. suum, p.

appulsum esset
:

6.

11,

1.

cf.

appulit,

1.

13.
bello

cf.

primo:

p.

lit.

Ulterioris:

lit.

Farther

(from the point of view of the capital of the United States), i.e. South.
9. rel
publicae amantissimus
most loyal to his country,
lit. most
loving of the common.

eo magis: and all the more,

on this account (the) more.
ix. msolenter
adv., insolently,

10.

62,

15.
7.

wealth (objective gen.) amantissimus is the superlative of the

part, amans.

or impudently.
16.

re: action.

19.

tardius

pedibus captus

absol. compar.

being crippled,
being incapacitated in his feet.
:

lit.

READER

FIRST LATIN

Ubi

captus a servls turn sella ferebatur.

ginquam perventum

est,

71
sic

ad casam

mater subito clamavit puerum

Infantem in aedibus relictum esse.

Quo

audito, fflia forti-

domum

cucurrit
ter per tenebras profecta celeriter
inter tela amicorum et hostium in aedes pervenisset,
;

incolumemque ad matrem secum

e cunls rapuit

LESSON
A

lon-

cumque
puerum

reduxit.

61

Choice of Evils

Parvo in oppido Novae Britanniae habitabat quldam

agricola, cui erant liberi octo.

tum

Is olim,

cum

subito nuntia-

bona Iiber5sque
properavit; aegra enim doml

esset Indos appropinquare, ex agrls ad

loservandos

summa

celeritate

uxor iacebat.

Quo

cum

igitur

pervenisset, liberis convocatis atque ad

proximum statim praemissis, ipse uxorem ad

Sed iam in conspectu erant Indi,
parare conatus est.

castellum
iter
15

neque diutius
relictls,

Itaque uxore bonlsque

ulla erat salutis spes.

qui iam antea statuerat cum

agricola,

vlvendum aut pro

els

moriendum

esse,

liberis sibi

equum

conscendit,

LTatque ad castellum versus quam celerrime contendit.

ber5s mox adsecutus est, et omnes, etsl Indi vestigils
20

sequebantur, in castellum incolumes pervenerunt

1.

chair]
p. 6,

1.

2.
3.
adj.,

for

cradle.
10.

cf.

syntax,

navibus,

10.

the phrase as a whole, cf. ad Galexpellendos, p. 35, 1. 14.

16s

aegra: pred. adj.

clamavit:
Infantem:

infant.
cunls

6.

sedan

sella: sella, -ae, p.,

nam

cf.

clamor.

infans,

-antis,

17.

vlvendum: sc. esse. Note

and the following gerun-

that this

dive are impersonal

:

cunae,

matrem
servandos:

the nearer noun.

-arum, F.,
(her} mother.

agreeing with
For the form of

but translate

that he must, etc.

19.

vestigiis sequebantur

were following the trail

their footsteps).

(lit.

i.e.

in

READER

FIRST LATIN

72

quotiens propius accesserant barbarl, pater consistebat in

eosque armis terrebat. Sed interim uxor aegra, mulier

via,

magnae

fortitudinis,

una cum

ab Indls in

alils

captivls

silvas deducebatur.

LESSON

62

Lost in the Woods

5

Mult5s abhinc annos quidam puer parvus matre insciente

in silvam clam profectus, diu ibi secum sub arboribus lusit.
Qui, cum iam advesperasceret, viam reperire non potuit ac
brevl intellexit sub caelo sibi noctem agendam esse. Itaque

cumque per arbores lunam stellasque

aliquamdiu suspexisset, postremo somno gravissimoquievit.
Mane iterum viam invenire frustra conatus, famem bacis
sustinuit; quo modo quinque dies per silvas erravit. Deinde
ex

10

foliis

lectum

fecit,

noctu ignem animadvertit, et celeriter progressus in vlcum

Indorum subito pervenit.
quibus comiter acceptus, mul-

15

moratus

tos dies ibi

Dum

haec

est.

una cum comitibus

fiunt, legatus provinciae

paucis pueri quaerendi causa in scapha profectus erat, oppidaque Indorum finitima adibat omnia. Quae res puero
saluti fuit;

nam postremS

repertl sunt

quidam

barbarl,

2oqui nuntiaverunt ipsum incolumem esse viamque ostendei.

near.

propius: absol. compar., too

accesserant: translate as if

a perfect.
tense,

c5nsistebat

5.

abhinc

insciente:
lit.

note the

and contrast the force of

the imperfect deducebatur,

:

cf.

p.

Insciens,

not knowing;

52,

1.

-entis,

translate

6.

profectus:

secum

i.e.

slipping away.

by himself.

10.

stella,

-ae,

p.,

suspexisset

suspicio,

somno gravissimo

at.

3,

look

lit.

abl.

of manner.
18.

adj.:

the

stellas

suspexl, suspectus, watch,

up

4.

1.

abl. absol. freely.

6.

9.

star.

res:

saluti fuit

proceeding.
oppidanis

cf.

luti fuit, p. 68,

20. ipsum:

the

way

1.

puero
.

sa-

I.

he.

to reach him.

viam:

i.e.

READER

FIRST LATIN
runt.

Puero

quibus

ille

73

sic recepto, legatus sicas dedit els Indis, a

Barbarl scilicet d5nis tarn gratis
servatus erat.

gaudebant, puer autem

domum

reductus

LESSON

est.

63

The Battle of Saratoga

Saepe pro patria fortissime pugnavit iste Arnoldius, qul

postea Britannis prodere conatus est ea castra munltissima,
quae in ripa fluminis Hudsonis posita sunt et non num:

quam

etiam salutl civibus suls fuit

tantopere enim a

mllitibus amabatur, ut ipso adventu suo ad victoriam eos

incitare posset.
10

Olim Saratogae, cum

ordinem ademisset imperator,

quocum simultatem gerebat, ille, sono proelii ad aures ad"
"
si dux esse non possum, at saltern
lato,
Ego," inquit,
eius

"

manipularis ero
quae cum dixisset, iniussu imperatoris
conscendit
equum
celerrimeque in proelium vectus est ubi
mllites, duce vetere c5gnito, clamore sublato laeti secutl
;

15

sunt, atque

impetum acerrime fecerunt

acies hostium confertissima visa est.

pugnans Arnoldius

est

in earn

partem, ubi

summa

Ibi

virtute

vumeratus, victoria autem ab Ameri-

canls parta est.

2. ille

the boy.

Philadelphiae,

gaudebant: were delighted.

autem: omit in translation.
3.

that (in the disparaging sense), a frequent meaning of

4.

this

iste

word; cf. p. 42, 1.

non numquam

6.

21.
i.e.

some-

times.
8.

10.

ips5: mere.

Saratogae: for syntax,

ademisset:

46,
3,

i.

1.

-emi, -emp-

tus, take

u.

away.
quocum:

i.e.
quo + cum.
simultatem gerebat: he was at
odds (simultas, -atis, F., quarrel).

13. iniussu imperatdris

iussu suo, p. 28, 1. 7.
16.

cf.

p.

adimo,

17.

cf.

partem: direction.
visa est: from videor.

in-

FIRST LATIN

74

READER

EtsT vulnera Arnold! non erant exitialia, tempus

tamen

morti opportunissimum erat.

Odium enim perfidiae, qua
ille postea usus est, gloriam eius rerum gestarum semper

quln etiam traditum est (ut supra commemoravl)

ne Britannos quidem, qul eius perfidia victoriam se nacturos speraverant, hominem ullo in honore habuisse, postquam
bellum confectum esset.
obruet

LESSON
Unwelcome

64

Visitors

Britanni, cum iam iterum cum Americanis gererent bellum pugnisque navalibus saepe victl essent, postremo conlostituerunt usque ad Lovlsianam classem mittere, si ibi
felicius rem gerere possent.
Quare appulsis navibus ad
eum locum, ubi in mare fertur flumen maximum, quern Indi

15

patrem aquarum vocabant, mllites mult! in litus egress!

praedia finitima explorare coeperunt.
Sic factum est ut qufdam adulescens Americanus, qul in
hora diel fere quarta morabatur, mllites comhorto latentes subito animadverteret.
Qua re

villa otiosus

pluris in

nova graviter commotus, comites ut sine mora latebras

Arnold!

1.
1.

men

cf.

note

morti:

2.

odium
fidiae

the

case.

percontempt.
(-1,
objective gen.; translate

N.)

cf.

61,

obruet

obruo, 3,

-rui, -rutus,

overwhelm.
7. confectum esset: for mood,
the note on admoveantur, p.
1.

10.

usque

lit.

14.

hope that;
12.

"for."
qua: the case regularly
used with utor.

dim,

navalibus: navalis,

-is,

-e,

naval.

Lovlsianam

ad

freely, to far-away

tion.

4.

9.

Standisi, p. 16,

taoccasion.
tempus
may be omitted in transla-

4.

si
1.

p. 33,

rolls]

cf.

in the

4.

delatus,

quern: for gender,

the note on quod, p. 30, 1. 6.
est ut
it hap15. factum

p. 66,
cf.

cf. si,

fertur:

L.

1.

15.

pened that (factum

est

from

fio).

hora diei fere quarta i.e.

See the note on
about 10 A.M.
16.

p. 75.
17.

re

happening.

FIRST LATIN

READER

75

CANIS
Just inside the street door of a Pompeian house is found worked
mosaic of the pavement this representation of a watchdog.

into the

The words Cave canem

signify

" Beware of the

dog."

HORAE

The Romans
twelve

Above

equal
is

divided the time between sunrise and sunset into

hours

long in

shown a sundial used

public baths at Pompeii.

summer, and
to

mark

short

in

winter.

the time in the great

FIRST LATIN READER

76

quaererent hortatus est, et ipse prlmo fuga salutem petivit;

sed ab hostibus statim circumventus, se dedere turn non

At paulo post fenestra patefacta erupit, cumhostium

undique in eum conicerentur, incolumis
que
in
paludem, ubi BritannI armls impedltl summo
pervenit
dubitavit.
tela

labore sequebantur.

Itaque iuvenis,

magno

abesset,

conscendit.

celeriter

loarbore audivit

hostibus intervallo satis

in

qua

lateret,

sonum exiguum sub

BrevT autem

cumque despexisset, ibi vidit canem, quam

Quare periculum veritus, comitem fidequae per paludem dominum secuta erat, invitus necavit,

maxime
lem,

cum demum ab

.rborem nactus idoneam

arnabat.

cum

Deinde aliquamdiu
moratus est; postquam autem BritannI
quaerendo defessi ad vlllam se receperunt, magno circuitu
custodias hostium vltavit, eorumque de adventu certiorem
multisque

lacrimls sub folils texit.

tacitus in arbore
15

fecit

imperatorem Americanum, qui oppidum haud longinpraesidio turn tenebat.

quum

LESSON

65

The Boyhood of Daniel Bo one

Abhinc annos

circiter

ducentos

Pennsylvania natus est

in

2opuer, qui postea factus est explorator clarissimus.

Quln
etiam a prima pueritia ille arma ferre consueverat, ac in
1.

fuga:

2.

turn

3.

p. 67, 1. 6.
for the time being.
fenestra patefacta: abl. of
:

cf.

i.e.

way by which translate through.

cum concessive.
;

ab

from.

12,

1.

15.

abesset

10.

suspexisset, p. 72,

postquam:

1.

69,

-.i.e. was separated.

despexisset:
despicio,
3,
-spexi, -spectus, look down; cf.

8.

invitus:

14.

1.

10.

1.

cf. p.

cf.

12.

1.

35,

when

freely,

quaerendo:

length.

7.

12.

17.

magno

circuitu, etc.

factus est: from f 15.

21.

prima

bat.

cf. p.

20.

20.

7.

at

nando, p.

early;
consueverat:
:

cf.

i.e.

p.

22,
sole-

FIRST LATIN

READER

77

ambulans feras saepe occidit. Olim, cum vespere

primo do mum non redisset, vicini, veritl ne puer ab Indis
aut feris esset interfectus, frequentes convenerunt, comsilvls

plurlsque dies erraverunt per silvas, si ullo modo eum invenire possent; quT postremo pervenerunt ad casam ramls
caespitibusque aedificatam a puero ipso, qul frustum carnis

ignem porrigens huml sine timore solus sedebat. Nam

non erraverat sed consults se longius contulerat in
silvas, quod procul ab oppidls sine comitibus etiam turn

in

e via

10 libenter

habitabat.

PaucTs post annis pater multa milia passuum ad loca

Ion gin qua cdnstituit in silvas emigrare,

quod ipsl quoque

Quas ad sedes novas

urbes oppidaque minime grata erant.

puer, cum pater fratresque arbores exisclderent agrosque ad satus accipiendos pararent, fens
Ininterfectis carnem e silva cotldie domum reportabat.
terdum noctu quoque venatus esse dicitur quo quidem

ubi perventum

est,

lumina enim, ut
utl solebat
ad
feras
e latebrls eliciab
audivimus,
exploratoribus
saepe
2oendas magno usui sunt.

tempore facibus ardentibus

2.
1.

ne:

cf.

the note on p. 61,

6.

would say "m the woods."

him ; construe with grata.
ipsl
:

ramls caespitibusque: abl.

of means with aedificatam trans5.

late (freely)

sine

7.

cerned;
8.

cf.

" of."

timore:

i.e.

uncon-

timeo.

longius: absolute compara-

tive.
9.

etiam turn

i.e.

even when

so young.
10.

had a
11.

12.

libenter habitabat:

quas

15.

16.

satus: satus, -us, M., crop.

reportabat note the tense.

17.

venatus:

he

pater: sc. eius.

in silvas: ace., because of

the verb of motion (emigrare)

we

note

the

case

facibus

fax,

torch; for syntax,

1. 2.
ut as.
-

liking for living.

(and that dicitur is personal).

tempore: i.e. at night;
quo
freely, on such occasions. In translating, quidem may be omitted.
18.

i.e.

this.

13.

19.
20.

cf.

facis,

p.,

qua, p. 7

ab

from.
magno usui:
:

praesidio, p. 65,

1.

4.

cf.

the note on

FIRST LATIN

78

LESSON
The

End

READER
66

of the Pequots

Natio Indorum crudelissima, quae haud procul a

Novo

Londmi5 habitabat, quondam

singulos undique interficere subito coepit.

Insidias collocare ac colonos

Quibus rebus
proxima manus exigua missa est, quae
At
Sagricolls auxilio esset poenasque ab Indis repeteret.
mllites longe a litore progredl non audebant
qui igitur,
nuntiatis, e provincia

parvo frumentl numero direpto tabernacullsque panels inBarcensis, e finibus hostium brevi domum se receperunt
bar! vero, hac iniuria graviter permotl, incendia ac caedes
10

undique etiam crudelius iam miscuerunt.

Turn denique e provincia missa est classis, cuius praefectus iussus erat mllites exponere in quodam portu parvo,
Ille autem, hoqui haud longe a castrls Indorum aberat.
stes ita consilium

'5

suum

facile

cognoscere posse arbitratus,

praeter ilium

portum navigavit, cumque classis e conspectu

barbarorum longe discessisset, turn demum naves ad Htus
Deinde in terram egressus, sine mora per silvas
appulit.

cum exercitu profectus est, ut a tergo hostes adoIn itinere quasdam Indorum nationes fmitimas
2oadiit, e quibus multi armatl operam suam pollicitl sunt.
via devia
rlretur.

auxilio:

5.
1.

20,

7.
:

numero

p.

9.

p. 39,

diripio,

1.

12.
di-

(cf. rapio)
incendia
caedes
.

trans-

incendo.
10.

crudelius

savagely,

exponere

crudeliter, adv.,

i.e.
:

-posui, -positus, land,

i.e. if
14. ita:

orders.

pr6'

18.

was under

expono,

he

3,

followed

posse cf. note, p. 23, 1. 9.

via devia: cf. viis devils,
:

a terg5: cf. the

43, 1. 6.
use of ex in the phrase omnibus ex
p.

eadem

i.e.

iussus erat:

orders.

With incendium

late as singulars.

provincia:

vincia.

2.

-ripui, -reptus,

3,

n.

77,

poenas

amount.

plunder

cf.

usui,

cf.

repeteret:

reptS

cf.

and see the Vocab.

partibus.

FIRST LATIN

READER

79

Sic postremo perventum est ad sedes hostium, qui, rati

propter timorem colonos praetervectos esse, iam minus
dlligenter castra sua custodiebant.

LESSON
End

The

67

of the Pequots (Continued)

Noctu castris appropinquaverunt colon!. Intus erant

Suxores quoque llberlque Indorum, intusque audio poterat
cantus barbarorum, qul, circum ignis saltantes, victorias
ColonI aliquamdiu tacitl exspectasuperiores celebrabant

cum

verunt; turn,

iam

dies

somno quiescerent

illucesceret

Indique saltando

gravl,

subito in castra portis

Qu5 impetu repentmS commotl,

hostes tamen celeriter e

defessi

loduabus inruperunt.
tabernacullsque interpositis, tela in milites
conicere fortiter coeperunt plurima. Qu5 animadverso, dux
colonorum statim intellexit consilium sibi mutandum esse,
lectis exsiluerunt,

15

suosque tabernaculis ignes admovere

iussit,

deinde celeriter

Quo modo Indi miegresses undique castra circumstare.

seri, ignl e castris fugere coactl, a colonis paene ad unum
interfecti sunt; et si qul forte

aciem perruperant, eos

socil

Indi libenter occiderunt.

20

In proelio multi quoque e colonis sunt vulnerati, atque

exercitus statim Novum Londmium se recipere coactus est;

p.

the

x.

rati: i.e. arbitrati.

p.

6.

saltantes

note on fenestra, p. 76, 1. 3.

18. si qui
eos: lit. if any
them (cf. the note on quid,
,

57,
7.

1.

cf.

saltabant,

i.

here,

of

time.

waited.
exspectaverunt
8. saltando:
for syntax,

somno

1.
.

cf.

17.
.

gravl:

p.

9.

10.

superiores:

nando, p. 12,

1.

72,

cf.

portis:

cf.

56,

1.

i).

Indi: as adj.
libenter occiderunt: freely, were glad to kill
19.

x.

Novum Londinium: town

READER

FIRST LATIN

8o

quo, ut iussum erat, naves iam redierant, ut ibi ducem miliSed hostes panels post mensibus altesque exspectarent.
tera pugna victi sunt, neque umquam postea iniuriam ullam
colonis facere potuerunt;
in
5 divlsl, alii

qum

manus parvas

etiam brevi in

aliam nationem ascitl sunt.

LESSON
A

Difficult

68

Escape

pueri duo sine timore in agrls apertls cotldie

laborabant; nam, etsi colonl turn bellum cum Gallls Indls-

Quondam

que gerebant, in his regionibus nemo barbaros ullos nuper

Sed olim duo Indi subito ex arboribus eruperunt

viderat.
10

proximls, puerisque arreptis se celerrime in silvam receperunt Qua re nova perterritus puer minor flere coepit; sed

qul plane sentiebat fletum nihil profuturum esse, fratrem hortatus est ut se fortiter gereret. Per silvam una
alter,

cum
15

Qul, postquam sic

captivis iam properabant barbarl.
dies multos iter fecerunt, ad lacum pervenerunt longinquum, ubi cum aliis clvibus suls hiemare constituerant.
Ibi dum morantur, linguam barbarorum discere coeperunt pueri. Quo modo maior prima aestate repperit Indos
in animo habere in Canadam ducere captlvos, eosque ibi in

names

in the ace.

and

abl.

iussum erat: note the gender.

altera pugna: we would say
" in" rather than
"by."
1.

2.

3.

on

neque

cf.

the note

p. 17, 1. 8.
4. colonis: dat. case.
alii in

5.
,

umquam

aliam: some into one

some into another.

n. minor:

do not

require prepositions to express the

ideas "to" and "from."

the younger;

i.e.

maior, 1. 18.
12. fletum: fletus, -us, M., crynihil: adverbial
ing; cf. fleo.
cf.

ace., not

sped.

sum,

at

all, lit.

profuturum
prodesse,

no

in

esse:

profui,

avail.
16.

suis

18.

maior:

of theirs.

prima aestate

cf.
:

cf.

minor,].
p. 22,

re-

prohelp, or

1.

7.

11.

FIRST LATIN

READER

81

servitutem Gallis vendere.

Quare, cibo armlsque arreptis,

fratres duo ex hibernis noctu clam fugerunt; ubi autem
dies illuxit, in arbore cava se somno dederunt.

Interim Indl cum canibus undique pueros quaerebant.

At frater maior, cum canes propius ad arborem accessissent,
e somno latratu excitatus, callido usus consilio frustum carnis els proiecit.
Quae res puens salutl f uit curn enim canes
carnem devorarent, barbari nihil suspicantes arborem prae;

Quo

terierunt.

vlso, puerl rursus profectl

per silvas erra-

fame laboribusque paene confectl sunt; turn

quoddam oppidum colonorum sibi antea Ignotum subito

loverunt, donee
in

pervenerunt.

LESSON
Stories about
Ille

69

Daniel Boone

explorator clarus, cuius de pueritia paulo ante dixi,

Indosque paene totam egit aetatem. Olim e

inter feras
15

Carolaena Citeriore trans montes una cum aliis exploratoqumque audacter in valles longinquas contendit ubi
uno cum comite ab Indls captus, postquam ab els septem

ribus

summa diligentia custodltus est, noctu clam surrexit,

comiteque e somno excitato, incolumis ad casam pervenit,
dies

20

ipse ceterlque exploratores paulo ante f ecerant.

Faucis post anms easdem in regiones colonos cum uxo-

quam
1.

F.,

servitutem:

slavery;
2.

cf.

servitus,
servus.

barking.
usus est
7.

latratus,

usus:

...

quae:

et.

this.

sibi:

what

-us,

translate

construe with

igno-

cuius: modifier of pueritia.

13.

propius: quite close

use of the compar. ?
latratu:

n.
turn.

autem: and,

5.

6.

-utis,

as

M.,
if

14.

aetatem: not aestatem.

15.

Citeriore:

(citerior,

-ior,

Nearer, i.e. North-,

the note on Ulterioris, p. 70, 1.
-ius),

lit.

20.

of aliis,

ceteri:
1.

15.

cf.

7.

contrast the force

FIRST LATIN

82

READER

ribus llberisque deduxit ad locum, qui castello maxime idoneus videbatur. Ubi aliquamdiu fortuna prospera usus est;

quondam eius fllia, quae errabat in agrls, ut flores carperet, una cum puellls alils ab Indis capta, in silvas comsed

Dum autem iter faciunt,

est.
ramos fregerunt parvos
omnibus
locis
aut
puellae prudentes
hum!
res
aut
magno usul erat patripannos rellquerunt quae
bus Iratls, qui baud longo intervallo vestigils Insequebantur.
plura milia passuum ducta

Barbaris
10

victis,

puellae laetae

domum

reductae sunt.

Paulo post ille explorator ipse iterum captus, diu apud

Indos vivere coactus est. Sed postremo, cum per aquam
pr5fluentem cucurrisset, ne vestigia ulla faceret, ad amic5s
incolumis pervenit.
Multls autem ante mensibus uxor
liberique,

15

patrem iam pridem mortuum

rati,

ad propinquos

suos in Carolaenam Citeriorem maestl se receperant.

LESSON
An

70

English Privateer

Abhinc multos annos, etsl illo ipso tempore bellum

cum Hispanis non gerebatur, quidam praefectus

iustum

Britannicus per maria navigabat omnia,

Hispanorum omnibus
6.

prudens, -entis,

omnibus
the note on eodem loco,

adj.,
cf.

prudentes

locfs spoliabat

wide-awake.

locis

p.

8.

p. 57,
1.

interval!5:
1.

4.

cf.

7,

aut

4; translate everywhere.
... aut: cf. p. 36,1. 12.

1.

7. pannos rpannus,
of cloth.

-I, M..,

strip

cf.

p.

71,

19.

12.

profluentem

itaque accidit ut,

running,

part.,

tis,

profluens, -en-

lit.

cum

flowing

forward.
14. ratl
modifying the whole
propinphrase uxor liberique.
quos: here, as noun.
the note on in
cf.
15. in:
:

silvas, p. 77,

the note on

vestigiis:

gazamque ac naves

cf. p.

81,

1.

1.

Citeridrem:

ipso: that particular.

16.

illo

17.

iustum:

regular.

12.

15.

iustus,

-a,

-urn,

FIRST LATIN READER

secundum

lltus

Americae

83

Ulterioris navigaret, urbes illlus

magnam vim aurl argen-

regionis adlret multas, incolasque

tlque tradere cogeret.

Llmae duodecim navigia in portu ad ancoram consistequae cum ille spoliaret, certior factus aliam navem

bant

gaza onustam hand procul abesse, praeda e duodecim navigiis confestim in suum recepta, e portu statim solvit, sum-

10

maque

celeritate coepit Insequi

se iam

capturum sperabat.

dlvitias

enim etiam maiores

Mox in conspectu erat navis fugiens quae nullo modo

evadere potuit, cum BritannI celeritate tantopere supera;

Nave tradita, divitiae maximae intus repertae sunt;

etiam
gubernator ipse duo pocula argentea habuisse
quin

bant.

dlcitur.
15

Quae cum

praefectus vidisset, gubernatori,

pocula tu habes," inquit

"
;

dandum

alterum mihi

"

Duo
est."

Turn gubernator miser, qui omnia tradenda plane intellegemanus pocula tradidit ambo.

bat, invltus praefecto in

LESSON
A Roman

71

Vandal

Quibus rebus admoneor ut de pessimis facinoribus Verhominis plane scelerati, pauca nunc dicam. Nam ille,

ris,

4.

Limae

a town name what

;

case?

suum sc. navigium.

cf. navem solverunt, p.

vit

sol-

7.

61,

divitiae

13.

gubernator:

culum.

1.

divitias

-arum,

divitiae,

treasures.
10.

cum:

cf.

fugientes,

causal.

p.

celeritate:

for syntax, cf. animo, p. 37,

tantopere:

1.8.
cf.

guberna-

ipse: even.

full well.

dat.
17. praefect5
case;
translate as if a genitive.
in
19. hominis:
apposition
:

fugiens:

69,1.24.
xx.

plane

cf.

16.
8.

alterum one (of the two).

tradenda
sc.
esse.

15.

9.

p.,

12.

cf.

p. 73,

1.

1.

7.

20.

with

Verris.
plane:
utterly,
the rendering in the note on 1.
16.
pauca: note the gender.

cf.

FIRST LATIN READER

84

These remnants of a house door serve

"door"

to

show why the word

Roman

for

house doors were arranged

almost always to open inward rather than outward
on the inside
there was a more or less primitive lock or bolt, and sometimes
is

plural in Latin.

a bar too was used.

FIRST LATIN

READER

85

cum

praetor in Sicilia esset, omnibus locls oppida templaque spoliavit quin etiam tantae erat avaritiae, ut ne pauperriml quidem SiculT bona videre posset, quin statim ea
Interdum autem a suis comitibus est
possidere vellet.
;

elusus.

Sicut memoriae traditum est eum olim certiorem factum

cuidam Siculo esse duo pocula argentea; quo audlto, etsl
aedes eiusdem hominis nuper spoliatae erant, nuntium
statim mlsit, qui pocula ad se sine mora deferri iuberet.
10 Siculus igitur, veritus ne sibi malum accideret maius, confestim cum poculls ad praetorem profectus est.
Qu5 ubi
iam
amforte
sed
ante
fores
quiescebat
pervenit, praetor
bulabant quidam ex ipslus amlcls, homines improbl, quorum
tamen consilio ille multum uti consueverat: qui Siculo
sunt pocula?" inquiunt. Turn homo miser
15 statim, "Ubi
primo queri coepit bona omnia sibi eripi, deinde eos vehementer hortatus est ut sibi auxilio essent. Quo audlto, ill!
"Quantum nobis dabis," inquiunt, "si pocula tibi non eripientur?" Turn Siculus spe erectus, praemium satis ma;

templa see the picgovernor.

ture of a Sicilian temple shown on

10. malum: as noun, modified

by maius.
n. ad praetorem: to the gov-

p. 96.

ernor*s residence

1.

praetor

(-oris,

M.)

(as)

tantae

2.

avaritiae

for

paupersyntax, cf. p. 62, 1. 14.

rimi pauper, -eris, adj., poor.
vellet: without
3. quin
:

lit.

ivishing,

(qum) he

wanted.
4.

-sedi,

bi:

possideo,

-sessus,

possess.

2,

suis

est elusus

was

is

recorded,

to

remembrance.

lit. it

is

i).

ipslus
uti

i.e.

sibi

impro-

unprincipled,

depend upon.

freely,

consueverat:
16.

Verris.

-a, -urn,

cf.

1.

p. 76,

21.

dat. of disadvantage

we would say ''from him."

cheated.

memoriae traditum est

1.

improbus,
14.

possidere:

note the position of the word.

6.

13.

but that

(cf.

with the verb, render

"chanced to"; cf. the free treatment of libenter, p. 77, 1. 10.
12. forte

it

handed down

17.

auxilio

18.

quantum: as noun.

19.

elated,

erectus

cf.

p. 78,

(-a,

or inspired.

1.

-um,

5.

part.)

FIRST LATIN

86

READER

gnum pollicitus est, poculaque brevl domum laetus reportavit

comites enim praetoris, cum ille e somno experrectus esset,
audacl mendacio us! non dubitaverunt conflrmare pocula
sibi

non digna

quae in eius mensa ponerentur.

viderl,

LESSON

72

Indian Vengeance
5

Indl American! non solum

cum

colonis saepe bellum

gesserunt, sed inter se quoque pugnare consueverant acerrime.

Sicut in Britannia Nova rex quidam, nomine Miandiu per Insidias conatus est interficere
fmitimum, ut ipse solus duarum nationum

tonirno,

regem
10

cum autem ista consilia eum fefellissent omnia,

magno cum exercitu in vlcln! fines quam celerrime

obtineret
subito

contendit
certior

Ubi

Uncas

vero, de eius adventu ab exploratoribus

sine mora ad pugnam

factus, copias coegerat et

profectus
15

Uncam,
regnum

est.

duae Instructae sunt, Uncas, paulum ante suos

progressus, se velle dlxit solum cum Miantonimone solo
dlmicare, ut sine detrimento ceter5rum res diiudicarl posset.
acies

Quod cum

ille

recusaret,

Uncas c5nsulto

lapsus est, eiusque mllites,

2.

esset:

experrectus

N., lie.

4.

digna

quae: with sub-

junct, worthy to (dignus,

mensa: mensa,
8.

9.

10.

cf.

the note on Cercas,

Insidias

-a,

-um)

-ae, p., table.

see the Vocab.

duarum: the two.

from

fefellissent:

fallo.

velle:

16.

lum

what

present.

Uncas: for the declension,

12.

exper-

sum, wake up.

mendacio: mendacium, -1,
us!
translate as if a

giscor, 3, -perrectus
3.

in terram pro-

clamore sublato, super ducem

was

1.

4.

so-

pred. adj. with dlmicare ;

other part of speech has the

same form?

(cf.

1.

ceterorum:

17.

"to the others."

iudico,
18.
ille:

p. 23,

willing.

5).

we would say
diiudicarl: dl-

decide, or settle.
quod: this (proposal).
i,

Miantonimo.

READER

FIRST LATIN

87

iacentem sagittas plurimas coniecerunt in hostis; qui repentlna re perterriti se c5nfestim in silvas paludesque con-

fuga perierunt multi, rexque ab Unca

Ab inimlco salutem petere dux victus

in

Qua

tulerunt.

ipso captus est.

5

paulo post securl percussus est

scilicet nolebat, et

quo
inimlcum hum! moribun-

quidem tempore Uncas, cum

dum

eius umerum sica appetivisse dicitur, frucarnis inde abscfsum vultu laeto devorasse; tan-

vidisset,

stumque
enim

saevitiae sunt

tae

mores Indorum.

LESSON
A
10

73

Tale of Brave

Women

Abhinc multos annos, cum in provincils, quae ad occidentem spectant adhuc ran essent colon!, exploratores quidam, domo trans montes profecti, per regiones Ignotas
multa milia passuum iter fecerunt, et postremo locum ido-

neum
15

nacti, procul

castellum

parvum

ab amlcis in rlpa pulcherrimi fluminis

quibus rebus factis, nun-

collocaverunt

eodem mulieres llberosque deducerent.

Hiems iam appropinquabat omnes tamen cum nuntiTs

tios mlserunt, qui

libenter
i.

what?

was

domo

egress! sunt, et navigils parvls vectl secundo

iacentem:

prostrate-,
sc. hac.

4.

repentmare:
ab
0f.

5.

securl

percussus est:

executed;
6.

lit.

lit.

i.e.

what?

sica

8.

inde:

laeto

for

the

cf.

abl.

of means.

i.e.fromit.-r-wM&

p. 58,

form,

1.

4.

devorasse

cf.

navigasset,

p. 3, 1. 1.
10. occidentem: cf. p. 65,

1.

21).
16.

quidem omit in translation.

7.

12. domo: the ace. and abl. of

domus have the construction of
town names (cf. the note on p. 79,

1.

1.

eodem: bearing the same

is, and

relation to idem, as eo to
quo to qui.
17.

omnes:

i.e.

the

women and

children.
18.

secundo:

cf.

the force of

the prep, secundum, and contrast

that of adverse (flumine).

FIRST LATIN READER

88

flumine ad castellum versus per aquam glacie impeditam

labore contenderunt.
Barbarl interim paene cotl-

summo

die e ripis tela coniciebant; et postremo multl e colonorum

exitiali morbo affectl sunt.
Qua re cognita, hostes

numero
5

e rlpa scaphls audacter progressl, navigium ceperunt quo

aegrl vehebantur, hominesque miseros Interfecerunt omnes.

Tantis in perlculis non virl solum sed etiam mulieres

maximam praestiterunt. Sicut, cum

in saxo abscondito adhaesisset, mulieres

virtutem

dam
10

runt in

aquam

frigidam,

scaphamque de saxo detruserunt,

Atque in liburadulta omnibus salutl fuit; cum

cum

alterius vir hostes armis deterrebat.

nica

quadam

puella vix

scapha quaeduae exsilue-

enim ab Indls tela conicerentur plurima, virique se tegere

conarentur, haec virgo fortis, cum liburnicam vl fluminis
15 ad
rlpam deferri animadvertisset, gubernaculis arreptis
navem in cursu tenuit, donee vulnerata est quin etiam ne
turn quidem gemitum ullum edidit, neque e manibus guber;

nacula elabi passa

est.

LESSON

74

The Treasure Seekers

Et hac

et alils aetatibus

homines credull consueverant

2ocavernis maris frustra quaerere naves,

aegri: as

6.

noun;

cf.

vulne-

rati, etc.

vir:

adulta:

12.

part.,

of one (of the

husband.

alterius:

11.

two).

grown

13.

se

adultus,

-a,

-urn,

up.

tegere:

get under

c<n>er.

14.

virgo (-inis, F.)

cum
translate

by a

maiden.

animadvertisset:

15.

gubernaculis:

16.

in cursu

partic. phrase.

i.e.

cf. p. 64, 1.9.

in the chan-

nel.

elabi

18.

sum, slip
et

19.
i.e.

in

quae olim gaza

elabor, 3,
cf prolabor.
et: cf. p.
:

-lapsus

aetatibus:

7,

1.

2.

i.e.

temporibus.
credull: credulus, -a, -um, credulous.

20.

cavernis:

cavern.

caverna, -ae, F.,

READER

FIRST LATIN

89

onustae in marl naufragium fecisse dicuntur interdum

autem fortuna prosperiore usi sunt. Sicut abhinc multos
annos quldam negotiator, e Britannia Nova paucls cum
comitibus profectus, ad locum navigavit longinquum, ubi
;

gaza maxima multls ante annis naufragio amissa esse

dlcebatur.
Quo cum venisset, arborem altissimam statim
excldit

scaphamque

fecit,

quae ad freta finitima exploranda

usul esset.

Aliquamdiu

nihil

10 toto die diligenter

repertum

Olim tamen, cum nautae

omnl paene sublata

est.

laboravissent ac spe

ad navem se defessi conferrent, quldam ex els forte submersam animadvertit algam formosam, cuius-pulchritudine
captus servum Indum e scapha exsillre eamque carpere
15

iussit; ille vero, ubi cum alga se ex aqua emersit, sub marl
confirmavit sese multa arrna vldisse.
Quo audlto, omnes

cum sentlrent se iam demum navimenses

multos quaesiverant.
quod
Quare

ecfrenate gaudebant,

gium

invenisse,

mare exsiluerunt Indi alii a quibus brevl e navilaminae

gio
argenteae complures elatae sunt. Postero die
statim in

cum eodem prima luce cum praefecto redissent, e

mari vim argent! incredibilem una cum gemmls plurimis

20 nautae,

facile receperunt.

2.

naufragium
naufragium,
shipwreck (navis -f frango)
usisunt: they have had.

8.

usul esset: see the Vocab.

-I,

N.,

10.

toto

die:

omnl:

ace.
11.

translate

as

if

-a,

12.

quldam: as noun (sing.).

cf. the note on p.
85,
submersam: sub mersus,

-um,

part.,

submerged,

i.e.

under the surface.

12. algam: alga, -ae, p., seaf ormosus, -a,
weed.
formosam
:

pulchritudine

graceful.

13.

servum: helper.

14.

se

or came

emersit: emerged,

up (emergo,

3,

-mersi.

-mersus).

freely, entirely.

forte:
1.

-um,

pulchritude, -inis, ?,, beauty.

15.

sese

19.

laminae: lamina,

i.e.

se.

-ae,

p.,

plate, or strip.
20.

21.

jewel.

luce:

prima

primo, p. 77,

1.

gemmls

cf.

vespere

i.
:

gemma,

-ae,

p.,

READER

FIRST LATIN

90

LESSON

A
Olim

in finibus

75

Dangerous Conspiracy

Indorum ab Americanls

constituta est

provincia maxima, ex qua pars quaedam etiam nunc InProvincia constituta rex Indus, nomine
diana appellatur.

Tecumsa, qui ne elves sul brevl patriam totam dimitterent

timere coeperat, omnibus locls palam dicere non dubitavit
sine consensu omnium nationum Indls agrum nullum ven-

dendum esse; ac postrem5, concilils undique convocatis,

barbaros hortatus est ut se sequerentur hostisque invisos e
finibus suis expellerent.
10

Deinde,
causa iter

cum ad caput provinciae legatl conveniendi

fecisset, quamquam in legatl aedium vestibule

comitibusque subsellia posita erant, ibi sedere noluit

terram enim conflrmavit esse Indorum matrem, seque in
ea stare malle; itaque legatus ad colloquium in silvam

ipsi

15

hementer

dum

colloquuntur, Tecumsa vecommotus, eiusque comites securls con-

progredi coactus

Ibi

est.

est Ira

festim arripuerunt.
Sed Americam pauci, qui adstabant,
statim expedierunt arma, mllitesque summa celeritate ad

legatum defendendum adcurrerunt; quibus rebus territi,

At legatus, qui plane sentiebat
20 Indl nihil turn ausi sunt.

cum barbarls sibi mox dlmicandum

4.

1.5.
5.

ne: depending on timere,

t5tam: translate by an adv.
omnibus locis cf. p. 82, 1.

magnas

Tecumseh.

subsel-

12.
lia

6.

M.,
case.
xx.

consensu

consensus, -us,
Indls
concurrence.
dat.
:

runt.
cf.
1.

vestibulS:

entrance court.

vestibulum,

-I,

ipsi:

subsellium, -i, N., bench.

the few.
17. pauci:
:

1 8.

6.

N.,

esse, copias satis

the

expedierunt

ad

...

i.e.

expedlve-

defendendum

construction with

causa,

ii.
19.

adcurrerunt:

-cum, -cursum

est,

adcurro,

run

up.

3,

READER

FIRST LATIN

91

Tecumsa

omnls
Indos ad arma vocaret, reliquas gentes diligenter iam cir-

quam

celerrime cogere coepit.

interim, ut

cumlbat.

LESSON
A

76

Dangerous Conspiracy (Continued)

Priusquam rex Indus cum sociis redire

initium belli esse faciendum ratus,

potuit, legatus,
consilio callido

5 sibi

usus est

nam

ex urbe ad

pugnam profectus, legiones

flumine adverse pauca milia passuum duxit, turn subito in
ripam transiit alteram. Putabat enim (id quod factum est)
;

barbaros Insidias collocaturos ea in ripa, in qua primo

iter

icfacere ipse coepisset.

Copils igitur flu men traductis, sine
detriment ullo contendit ad oppidum, ubi domicilium Te-

cumsa habebat.

Cum
15

legatus

propius accessisset, regis frater, qul turn

oppido praeerat, nuntium misit, qul diceret postero die

Indos condiciones pads petlturds. Itaque AmericanI prope

oppidum posuerunt castra, armisque expeditls se somno

dederunt.
At vigilia circiter quarta subit5 auditus est
Indorum, qul undique castra iam obsidebant
sono
ad aures adlato, milites e somno excitatl ignis
quo

ululatus

5.

initium: initium,

-I,

N., be-

ginning. The whole phrase may

be rendered freely, thinking that
he ought to take the initiative in
the war',
8.

lit.

id

what?
factum

quod

as

pened.
ea:

modifying ripa.

in

qua: upon (or along) which.

10. flumen traductis
i.e. trans
:

ductis

trade

(cf.

for

n. domicilium: domicilium,

-I,

N., residence,

14.

est:

actually proved to be the case, lit.

the thing which (actually) hap9.

flumen
transdo).

17.

cf.

praeerat:

and the

p.

58,

1.

12,

note.

vigilia

quarta:

i.e.

toward morning, the night being

divided into four equal watches.
19. qu5 sono ad aures adlato:
cf.

p.

(camp}

73,
fires.

1.

n.

ignis:

the

FIRST LATIN

92

READER

confestim extinxerunt, ne ab hostibus conspici possent.

Sic tris fere horas in nocte obscura ab Americanls fortis-

sime pugnatum est; turn prlma luce, eruptione facta, in

fugam coniecerunt hostls, oppidumque incenderunt.

5
Oppido incenso Tecumsa, postquam rediit, consilia sua

modo

perficere nullo

potuit
paucis autem post mensibus,
Britannis bellum indixissent, in exercitu

cum American!

Britannico legatus factus

est.

LESSON
A

77

Quick- Witted Messenger

Olim, cum in pr5vinciis, quae ad meridiem spectant,

AmericanI cum Britannis diu gessissent bellum ac saepe
superati essent, dux quidam Americanus ad imperatorem
alium litteras mittere volebat
at primo reperirl poterat
nemo, qui eas deferre auderet, quod undique hostes vias
Postremo autem mulier quaedam, " Ego litobsidebant.
"
i5teras adferam," inquit;
quidvis audere malo, quam domi
animo morari suspense."
10

adducto, nuntia sine mora conscendit, ac, confestim

profecta, in itinere ab hostibus intercepta est.
Quam cap-

Equo

maxima

tarn milites

Dum
i.

cum

indixissent:

17.

nuntia (-ae, F.)

phrase.
translate the dat.

18.

captam:

subject,

partic.

legatus

13.

an

officer.

auderet:

i.e.

messenger.
her

after

capture.
20.

"upon."
8.

milites

19).

celeriter

would venture.
quam: (rather} than.

1.

by a

translate

litteras

15.

possent:

Britannis

si

vero mulier exspectatur, nuntia

(see p. 91,
7.

donee mulier
quae forte nuntiae

diligentia custodierunt,

2ovocarl posset, quae litteras quaereret,

vestlmentis tectae essent.

p. 65,

posset
1.

2.

could.

si

quae

cf.

FIRST LATIN

READER

93

cumque eas discerpsisset, fragmenta chartae edit

Quae res el salutl fuit: altera enim mulier, cum

perlegit,

singula.

invenire potuit
quare
nuntiam
incolumem abire
petita,
Ilia autem summa celeritate ad castra Ameri5 passi sunt.
cana contendit, imperatoremque certiorem fecit de rebus

postremo venisset, nihil

mllites, venia contumeliae

omnibus, quae in

litteris

scilicet

scrTptae erant.

LESSON

78

Fortune favors the Brave

In exercitu Americans olim erat centuri5 quldam, nomine lasper, qul semper in periculls maximis libenter verlosabatur.
Slcut, cum Britanm castra quaedam oppugnavexillumque Americanum tells abreptum in terram
extra munltiones cecidisset, inter tela, quae plurima horent,

stes coniciebant, e castris erupit

vexillumque arreptum

ille,

in vallo rursus posuit.

15

Ac paulo post, cum cognovisset Americanos paucos a

Britannls capitis damnatos Savannam ad mortem deducl,
un5 cum comite profectus, ad fontem baud procul ab ea urbe
in Insidils latebat, ut cTvibus suis,

Mox
x.

in

conspectum

discerpsisset:

-cerpsl,

-cerptus,

fragmenta

discerpo,

tear

charta,

9.

3,

-I,

N.,

-ae,

F.,

1 1

the

f uit

proved to

be.

contumeliae: translate the

" for "
gen.
(cf. audaciae, p. 39,
6.

vexillum

contendit:

pushed on.

(-1,

flags

freely,

N.)

flag, cf.
p. 162.

shown on

plurima: freely, thick

16.

capitis:

the note.
i.e.

cf.

p. 47,

Savannam

note on p. 79,

2).

be.

and

fast.

4.

1.

Roman

12.

paper.
2.

libenter versabatur

delighted to

up.

fragmentum,

chartae

bit.

posset, auxilio esset.

venerunt captlvl, quos mllites decem
si

1.

to execution,

21.

1.

6,

see

and
the

ad mortem:

FIRST LATIN

94

READER

custodiebant e quibus octo, ubi ad fontem perventum est,

armls sub arboribus relictis, aquam haurire properaverunt.
;

Turn lasper eiusque amicus eruperunt e

latebrls,

custodibus occlsls

dedere coegerunt

deinde

mllites

ceteros

se

duobusque
:

cum

captlvis Britannicis atque clvibus, quos servaconfestim

ad castra Americana se contulerunt.
verant,

Haud semper autem laspero res tarn fellciter evenerunt;

paucls enim post annis interfectus est, cum summa audacia procucurrisset ex acie atque in hostium vallo vexillum
Americanum.

lodeflxisset

LESSON

79

Andrew Jackson

Nunc mihi pauca dicenda

sunt de rebus gestis Americani

cuiusdam, nomine lacsonis, qui obscuro loco natus, postremo rei publicae prlnceps factus est.
Qui adhuc puer in
bello, quod prlmum Britannl cum Americanis gesserunt,
versatus, una cum fratre ab hostibus captus, in
morbo gravi affectus est. Mater autem brevi efficere potuit ut filii ambo cum captlvis Britannis commuta-

isfortiter

carcere

rentur.

cum

Multis post annis,

1.

ad

quibus:
near.

2.

haurire:

militibus.

i.e.

4,

hausi,

haustus, draw.

duobus: the two.

7.

laspero, etc.

lar phrase, p. 43,

9.

12.
cf.

cf.

1.

the simi-

vexillum:
:

the note on p.

93, 1. 11.
for syntax,

cf. p.

station
7,

1.

17.

4.

i.e.

in

in primo

captlvis

ut

freely,

ar-

what?

lit.
:

commutarentur

16.

still.

(while}

efftcere

range that

cum: conjunction.
loco

adhuc:

quod primum

bello, quod.
16.

3.

8.

13.

bello,

haurio,

cum Americanis

Britannl iterum

translate as adj.

commute, \,exchange ; in connection with this

verb, cum may be rendered "for."
i.e. from the
19. iterum
year
1812 on.
:

READER

FIRST LATIN

95

bellum gererent, Indi, quodam castello Americanorum expugnato, non solum armatos sed etiam mulieres liberosque

summa

crudelitate occiderunt.

caede nuntiata, lacso,

Qua

quam celerrime profectus est,

cumque multa milia passuum iter

ut hostls co-

dilectu habito,

serceret;

fecisset, etsi

Iab5rando defessl semel iterumque negabant se

longius progressuros, pervenit postremo ad castra munltismllites

sima, quae in ripa flOminis TallapOsae posuerant Indi.

Ubi acriter pugnatum est castra tamen sunt capta, hostes;

10

que paene ad
coactl sunt.

Indorum

15

unum

perierunt aut in Floridam f ugere

Victoria potltus lacso summa comitate regem

aut

accepit, qu!

ibi

equo vectus castra intrare

est ausus

petitum ut frumento AmericanT iuvarent mulieres

libe-

famem aegre iam

tole-

rosque Indos, qul in silvis latentes

rabant.

LESSON

80

Pirates Ashore

Quondam

in

marl Atlantico secundum

litus

Americanum

ultro citroque navigabant piratae, qul omnibus locis naves

e quibus unus,
vel Americarias vel Britannicas spoliabant
;

summae audaciae homo,

liburnicls praeerat compluribus.

olim oppugnare constituit oppidum longinquum, quod

numquam antea spoliatum erat, cuiusque incolae locupletes

20 Is

esse dlcebantur.

Sine detrlmento liburnicae in portum venerunt

4.

dilectu:

dllectus,

-us,

M.,

petitum: supine; 'another

saying ut peteret.
frumento
(a contribution of)

way

5. etsi:
modifying the preceding clause.
6. laborando:
gerund.

grain.

victoria

the

struction as with utor.

same

con-

turn

13.

levy.

1 1

of

latentes:

14.

places
17.

lit.

in

their hiding

what ?

navigabant

kept sailing.

96

FIRST LATIN

READER

TEMPLUM

The above building, found in Sicily, is of Grecian architecture.

known as the Temple of Concord. Roman temples were regu-

It is

larly

constructed on Greek models.

FIRST LATIN READER

97

autem captlvus quidam, qui minus diligenter custodiebatur,

mare clam exsiluit, ac nando incolumis pervenit ad lltus
qui sine mora oppidanos de consiliis piratarum certiores

in

oppidanl summa dlligentia

Deinde, postquam plratae e
5bona sua celare coeperunt.
navibus egress! milites paucos, qui oppido erant praesidio
fecit.

Quo

relictl,

in

nuntio accepto,

fugam coniecerunt,

elves ipsl, aedibus clausls,

tela in hostes

prlmo coniecerunt plurima sed postremo,

timore detriment! etiam maioris coacti, se maesti dedide10 runt.

dam

Quos omnls plratae, victoria potiti,

Ubi ill! fame sunt paene
coegerunt.

templa quae-

necati

omnmo

enim interim tarn bene se habebant, ut

miserorum oblivlscerentur.

LESSON

in

victores

captivorum

81

Carrying the Tribute

15

Abhinc multosannos AmericanI, antequam res publica vaHda facta est, tributum pendere solebant cuidam regl Africano, ne plratae earum regionum(qui sub eius imperio erant)
naves suas spoliarent. Olim, cum praefectus Americanus
tributl istlus ferendl causa ad Africam navigasset, rex ille,
qui forte nuntium
i

minus

of the
4.

cum dono Byzantium hoc

not very

what use

com par. ?
nuntio: news, or informa-

tion.
5.

celare: celo,

I,

p.

tarn

conceal, or

paucos

praesidiS:

cf.
cf.

quos omnis

571-

8.

paucT, p. 90,
p. 65,
cf.

1.

1.

4.

bene

habebant:

se

facta

est:

pendere:

pendi, pensus, pay.

16. ne so that .
:

19.

on

vic-

victor.

having so good a time.

15.

qui omnes,

tempore

crowded.

victor, -oris,

grown.

6.

10.

coegerunt

12.

TVere

hide.

17-

11

tores

fere

Byzantium

p. 79,

1.

21.

had

freely,

pendo,
.

3,

pe-

not.

see the note

READER

FIRST LATIN

98

ad regem supremum mittere volebat (nam ipse quoque tributum pendere cogebatur), ab Americanls postulavit ut
nave sua hanc rem susciperent. Praefectus scilicet se nolle

Nonne servl estis ? " inquit "nonne

Hanc rem mehercle nisi conf estim
5 tributum mihi penditis ?
naves
omnes
Americanae, quae in marl Medisuscipietis,
respondit; sed rex,

"

terraneo navigant, a piratis statim capientur."

Praefectus

animo baud aequo Byzantium proficlsci coactus est

ubi autem rex supremus Americanos summo accepit honore;
iccumque discederent, duel etiam dedit diploma.
igitur

Cum

navis paucis post diebus ad lltus Africae rursus

appulsa esset, rex Africanus, qui iam oblltus erat se pollicitum esse nihil amplius ab Americanls postulatum Tri, praef ectum

iterum Byzantium navigare

cumque id
Turn
minatus
est.
etiam
mortem
isrecusaret,
praesentem
timor
regis
praefectus diploma porrexit; quo viso, tantus

animum

iussit

occupavit, ut venia contumeliarum petlta Ameri-

domum

canos sine mora redire

pateretur.

LESSON
A

Successful

82

Ambuscade

tempore, quo colon! cum Philippo, rege Indorum

2oclaro, bellum gerebant, oppido quodam a barbaris incenso,

Eo
1.

regem supremum:

i.e.

the

Sultan.
2.

ab:

cf.

pendere:

p. 97,

1.

hattdom;

15-

"yes."
5. mehercle:
lit.

interjection,

(so

help}

passport.

postulatum

Iri

1617.
1.

Byzantium:
cf. p.

translate
97,

1.

19.

the

recusaret

what

in-

4,

sub-

minatus

est:

object

praefectus.
ject,
minor, r, threaten.

by
me,

Hercules.
8.

ace. sing, of di-

diploma:
-atis, N.,

fin.?
:

ace, "for";

13.

15.

of.

i.e. n5n + ne
this
4. nonne
combination assumes the answer

my

10.

ploma,

to

diploma: cf. 1. 10.

contumeliarum: cf.

p. 93,

and the note.

19.

which.

quo:

when,

lit.

during

READER

FIRST LATIN

magna

frumentl ab

vis

99

els Integra in agris relicta est.

Qu5

cognito, imperator colonorum, tantam frumentl

copiam non
temere dimittendam ratus, ab oppid5 fmitimo legatum cum
mllitibus proficlsci iussit, ut f ruges ad belli sedem reportaret.
Ille igitur iumenta carrosque statim coegit multos, ac confestim in agros

mentum omne

illos

contendit

in carros sine

ubi nullo impediente fru-

mora impositum

est.

Postquam tamen copias reducere coepit, legatus silvas

veritus (per quas tria mllia passuum iter faciendum erat)
io mllites primo armis expedltis progredl iussit.
Cum vero
agmen e silva incolume evasisset, omnia pericula suos iam
eifugisse arbitratus, via minus diligenter explorata, in
Insidias

15

subito

incidit,

quas hostes fecerant in palude

quadam, per quam rivus parvus fluebat. Quern ad locum

ubi perventum est, repente auditus est undique ululatus
Indorum, telaque plurima inmissa sunt. Qua re nova
permotl mllites null5 modo resistere potuerunt, praesertim
cum numero barbari multo essent superiores. Qum etiam e
proelio colonl vix septem oct5ve eff ugerunt quare prop"
cladem ibi acceptam hie locus postea " rlvus cruentus
;

20 ter

appellabatur.

LESSON
An
Eodem

bello

3.

i.e.

Commander

quidam colonl

profectl sunt, ut
fmitimo:

Intrepid

cum
to the

83

in scaphis olim eo c5nsilio

Indls fmitimis aut

burned

12.

pacem

arbitratus,

facerent,
use

etc.:

but

one

town.
4. fruges
frux,frugis, ?., fruit
belli
pi., crop.
(of the earth)
sedem i.e. the base of operations.

part, in the English sentence.

13. incidit:
incido,
3, -cidi,

fall into (in+cado).

iumenta: iumentum, -I, N.,

multos
beas* of burden.
see
the note on rati, p. 82, 1. 14.
5.

cf.

14.

rivus

19.

octove:

22.

eodem

primo

brook.
i.e.

bello

octo

bello, p. 62,

+ ve.

for

1.

15.

syntax,

FIRST LATIN

ioo
aut

cum

colon!,

Philippum adiuvare perscaphis egressi, per agros contendebant

indicerent

els

severarent.

READER

si

bellum,

subito ululatus audltus est, et barbari impetu

ad lltus se recipere coegerunt nam in

milites

repentmo
eo quoque proelio Indl numero erant multo superiores; dux
enim colonorum qumdecim tantum milites secum turn ha:

bebat.

summae

autem, vir

Is

locum idoneum

constantiae,

nactus, suos hortatus est ne se ammo demitterent, et ipse

res sic geritur, animadvertit
dlmicavit.
loacriter

Dum

unum

forte

comitibus

Quo

pugnare posset.

ita

viso,

iussit

portare, qui pro munitione usui essent

faceret,

ut

territum,

hominem

sagitta subito lapidem

modo

nullo

lapides com-

quod cum iste

quern manibus

percussit,

quo miraculo permotus (nam vltam a dls ita

servatam esse existimabat), animos homo resumpsit, summaque virtute una cum ceterls pugnavit.
sed navis
Brev! tela colonorum deficere coeperunt;

isferebat;

20

adventu opportune servati sunt. Dux tamen, cum nollet

Indos putare se timore discessisse, etiam turn in agris

paulum moratus
fontem paulo ante

9.

ad: toward.

15.

miraculo: mlraculum,

providence,
cf.

animo

familiar phrase,

demissus.
11

forte

1.

13.

89,

ing.
16.
sit

cf.

the

note

on

12.

quo: neut.

lapis,

pro: as, or for.

1.
8.
essent:

usui:

note

cf.

the

lit.

cf. p. 7,

1.

9.
-i,

N.,

strange happen-

animos courage.

resumo,

resump-

3,

-sumps!, -sumptus,

recover.
19.

lapides

-idis, M., stone.

p.

iste: the soldier,

manibus

more

p. 85,
12.

mood.
14.

1.

locum: position.
animo
for
syntax,

8.

the

on Britan-

7.

p. 92,
4.

petendum, quern ad

reliquerat.

els: cf. the note

i.

ms,

ad petasum

est

cumn511et: translate by a

partic. phrase.
20. timore : abl. of cause.

21. petasum: petasus,

broad-brimmed hat.

-i,

M.,

FIRST LATIN

LESSON
Burned at

De

READER
84

the Stake

Indorum multa narrantur.

Sicut, cum
a
colonorum
Gallls
quoddam
oppidum
barbarlsque esset
expugnatum, ampliusque qulnquaginta oppidan! capt!
crudelitate

essent, hostes

cum

Dum

Stenderunt.

captivis miserls confestim

autem

iter faciunt,

Onus e

domum

captivis,

con-

homo

obesus, qui onus grave ferre coactus tardius sequebatur, se

posse clam effugere ratus, onus subito in via deposuit

atque in arbore cava latere conatus est.

Hie autem ab Indis brevl repertus, veste detracta per
lonivem nudus progredi est coactus; quo mod5 usque ad

Turn barbarl, captive ad arborem

religato, ignem pedetemptim admovebant, donee homo
moribundus vlsus est; deinde rursus paulum reducebant,
Quin etiam, ne hoc quidem
quo diutius cruciaretur.

noctem

15

iter

factum

est.

content!, frusta absclderunt vlscerum, ut cruciatu captlvl

oculos suos pascerent, cum interim canerent aut saltarent

rldentes

et postremd,

ne contumelia

i.e. more (than)

3. amplius
such expressions as "above a
thousand."
:

cf.

obesus

6.

(-a,

-um)

stout.

tardius: absol. compar.

7.

onus: onus,

9.

hie

veste:

i.e.

vestimento.
iter

11.

by an

bant: kept moving up.

13. reducebant: sc.
perfect,

admove-

ignem: the fire,

ignem).

For the
cf.

cruciaretur: crucio,

i, (keep in) torhoc: (neut.) noun.

content!:

15.

contentus,

-a,

-um, with abl., content (witJi).

frusta
vlscerum
not frustra.
:

factum est: translate

active form.

12.

corpus

14. quo
replacing ut, as it
regularly does when the purpose
clause contains a comparative.

ture.

-eris, N., load.

the adv.

ulla deesset,

viscus,

-eris,

N.,

(sing,

and

pi.)

flesh.
16.

pascerent: pasco, 3, pSvi,

pastus, with abl., feast . . (upon).
Strictly, cruciatu is abl. of means,
.

eum

(i.e.

force of this im-

rapiebant, p. 7,

1.

17.

17.

what is the literal

word (de + sum) ?

deesset

force of the

FIRST LATIN

READER

mortui in favlllam residere passl sunt, quo postea maiore

amici dolore afficerentur,

cum

casum viderent

eius

miserri-

mum.

LESSON
An

85

Early Morning Surprise

GallT Indique castellum quoddam hieme expugnare

constituerant.
Quare per nivem altam summo labdre pro-

Dlim

intempesta in silva baud procul ab oppido

gressi, nocte

castra collocaverunt
cls relictls, vigilia.

10

deinde, impediments praesidio pauquarta fere exacta ad munltiones pede;

temptim accesserunt. Nam per nivem gelu rigidam iter iam

faciendum erat, timebantque ne sonus a col5ms audiretur;
quam ob rem ab imperatore iussl erant paulum progredl,

paulum stare, turn iterum paulum progredl, ut strepitus exercitus per nivem iter facientis sonus tantum ventorum videretur. At nihil suspicabantur colon!; qum etiam
turn

15

custodes ipsl

somno gravissimd

Itaque hostes

quiescebant.

facillime in castellum pervenerunt

nix enim una ex parte
tarn alta fuit, ut munltiones vix exstarent.
Turn demum,
;

ululatu acrl sublato, barbari colonos perterritos confestim detraxerunt e lectls, et undique caedes incendiaque miscuerunt.
1. mortui:
as
noun (gen.
favlllam favilla, -ae, p.,
masc.)
embers.
residere reside, 3, -sedi,
sink down.
quo: cf. p. 101, 1.
maiore: {all the} greater.
14.
.

2.

amid: nom.pl.

4.

hieme:

abl.

when

of time

or within which.
7.

8.

paucis
exacta

on

p. 91,
9.

1.

gelu

-um, crusted,

-a,

stiff.

10. ne
note the nature of the
governing verb
13. facientis: modifying exercitus.
sonus: pred. nom. with
videretur
tantum:
(sc.
esse).
:

the adv.

as (masc.) noun.

from exigo

strue with vigilia,

rigidam: rigidus,
lit.

and

cf.

con-

the note

17.

gelus, -us, M., frost.

16. una ex parte

ex partibus, p. 44, 1.

17.
,

19.

exstarent:
project, or

cf.

omnibus

6.

exsto,

I,

appear (above).

caedes, etc.

cf. p. 78,

1.

9.

FIRST LATIN

READER

103

In castello praeda multa hostes potTti sunt atque ad

vesperum, caede incendiisque aliquando defessi, se ad
Victoria

silvam contulerunt.

tamen non incruenta parta

nam intra castellum erant complura tecta minora

5 quorum unum cum barbari expugnare f rustra conarenturj
erat

tells

inde coniectis rnulti interfecti erant.

LESSON

86

Some Very Distinguished Geese

Quibus rebus admoneor de impetu, quern Galli antlqui
abhinc multos annos in Capitolium fecerunt, cum exercitus
vlcissent

Prlmo

Romanos, urbemque ipsam incendissent.

lointerdiu hostes adorti sunt,

ascenderunt
tantaque

sed

caede

Romam

summaque audacia saxa aspera

desuper eorum aciem tarn facile

deiecerunt,

ut

numquam

postea

idem

auderent.

Deinde autem, cum multos dies Capitolium obsessum

15

esset nee praesidium (quamquam

se dedere vellet, noctu Capitolium

Itaque semita aspera,

stituerunt.

1.

praeda: for syntax, cf. vien.

1.
ad: toward.

toria, p. 95,
2.

aliquando
incruenta:

i.e.

demum.

incruentus,
-a,
-um, lit. bloodless] translate freely.
parta erat from parid.
5. quorum: neut.
3.

7.

Galli: as

antiqui
8.

p. 52,

1.

12.

-a,

-um, ancient.

after.

exercitus:

antiquus,

cum:

note the

on

u.

The Roipsam: proper.

mans were so demoralized that
9.

they

summa

erat cibi inopia)

oppugnare hostes conpanels ante diebus

quam

made no attempt

to hold

any

part of Rome other than the lofty

and isolated Capitol.
10.

noctu,

interdiu:
1.

16.

contrast

in

hostes

to

subject of

the verb.

n. desuper: adv., from above.

12. idem auderent:
repeated
the venture ; lit. what ?
15.

deinde: later.
nee and yet

17.

semita:

14.

which (semita,

abl.

of

-ae, p.,

not.

way by

footpath}.

FIRST LATIN READER

104

Callus quidam forte animadverterat, tertia fere vigilia unus

paulum ascendit cui deinde arma tradita

miles inermis

complures ad

rursus

illl

alios.

Quo modo

summum

collem tanto silentio pervenefunt, ut custodes nihil sentirent quin etiam ne canes quidem
excitatl sunt. Sed repente anseres lunonis sacrl clangorem
Galll

Is sequentes adiuvabat,

sunt.

quae res Romanis

clarum ediderunt:

saluti

fuit;

nam

summae

M. Manlius,
constantiae, sono acn audito,
comites ad arma vocans confestim in primum Gallum imvir

xopetum

acerrimum, eumque de saxo

fecit

Callus

proiecit.

casu su5 alios quoque deturbavit et hostes, magno detrimento accepto, etiam hoc conatu desistere coacti, in castra
;

maesti se receperunt.

LESSON
An Army
Longum

87

of

Two

est consilia narrare, quibus us! sunt colon! els

Sicut
quae cum Britannls et Indis gesserunt.
olim, cum per provinciam Noveboracensern navis Britannica
adverse flumine navigaret, in ripa forte stabant liberi duo;
qul veritl ne, si agricolas armatos exspectassent, auxilium

15 in

bellls,

2.

inermis

(his) arms,

lit.

(-is,

-e)

3. sequentes: ace. masc., those

illl:
supply a verb
following.
from the preceding clause.

the top of] cf.

4. summum:
the use of prima, p. 22,!. 7.
6. anseres:
anser, -eris, M.,
goose.

sacrl:

sacer, -era, -crum,

with gen., sacred(to).

clangorem:

7.

ediderunt:

from

edo (not

i, carry off (one's) feet,

conatu desistere cf. p. 21,

deturbo,
12.
1.

3.

14. longum est: ^twould be a

long (tale); cf. the similar idiomatic use of the present indicative

of possum, e.g. p. 41, 1. 7.

cf. the note on p. 85,
17. forte
:

1.

clangor, -oris, M., cry.

edo).

8. M.
i.e. Marcus.
n. casu: fall.
deturbavit:

without

unarmed,

12.
18.

for ;

exspectassent: should wait

lit.

should have waited for.

FIRST LATIN READER

sero adferretur, c5nstituerunt,

105

possent, Britannos ipsi

si

deterrere.

Post doraum, quae in promunturio posita erat, silva erat

Itaque liberl, cum ad aedes cucurrissent, armis

parva.
5

confestim arreptis, porta postica in silvam clam egress!

sunt; turn autem palam e silva in aedes cum armis prope-

Quod idem cum

raverunt.

saepius fecissent, Britanm, quT

nee
quicquam plane videre poterant,
conspiciebant procul
manum magnam in aedes convenisse rati, pedetemptim

lotamen progredl perseveraverunt dum vero praeter promunturium navigant, subit5 alter ex liberis inmlsit telum ac
:

gubernatorem graviter vulneravit qul cum prolapsus gubernacula e manibus dlmlsisset, navis e cursu flumine secundo fern coepta est. Quam ob rem BritannI, se sic omnls
;

posse arbitratl, animo minime aequo se receperunt

ad oppidum, unde nuper profectl erant.

isinterfici

LESSON

88

Horatius at the Bridge

Quae

res memorabilis

me admonet

de facinore

simill sed

maiore, quod Romae antiquitus ab Horatio quodam factum

esse traditur.
Cum enim bellum a rege Porsinna esset
20

Romanls indictum, laniculum impetu repentlno captum

sero: adv., late
text, too late.
i.

in this con-

8.

quicquam:

quam

(cf. p. 2,

domum: (their) home.

posita erat: had been built.

n.

alter ex

13.

secundo

porta: door; for syntax, cf.

semita, p. 103, 1. 17.
postica:

14.

coepta est:

3.

5.

posticus, -a, -urn, back.

idem

note the gender, and

cf. p. 103, 1. 12.
saepius: over
and over again ; what use of the
7.

compar.

Romae

est

of quis-

u).

1.

one of (the two),

cf. p.

coeptus est, p. 66,

18.

neut.

cf.
1.

87,

1.

18.

the note on

12.

note that this

is

town name.
20. laniculum: a hill on the
west bank of the Tiber, opposite

Rome.

FIRST LATIN READER

io6

PONS
B.C., the only bridge across the Tiber
Afterward several stone bridges were

Until the second century

at

Rome

built,

was of wood.

one of which

is

shown above.

FIRST LATIN READER

107

Tiberim in urbem quam celerTurn Horatius, qul sentiebat hostes,

perterriti trans

Romanique

rime f ugere coeperunt.

pons esset perruptus, urbe quoque statim potlturos,

suos hortatus est ut pontem igni ferroque perrumperent, cum ipse impetum hostium solus sustineret.
Itaque cum du5bus amlcis fidelibus, quos pudor eum
deserere non patiebatur, ad prlmum aditum pontis fortiter

nisi

civis
5

progressus, audacissime ibi constitit.

Qua audacia obstupehostes
morati
facti,
sunt, deinde impetum
primo paulum
loacriorem fecerunt Horatius vero, minas contumeliasque
;

summa

vociferans,

virtute dimicabat, nee loco cessit prius-

Turn in Tiberim
post tergum pons perruptus est.
armatus desiluit, et ad rlpam alteram incolumis pervenit,

quam

15

quo paul5 ante, exigua parte pontis adhuc relicta, amicos

duo se recipere coegerat.
Sic memoriae traditum est; Livius autem (a quo haec
narrantur) facinus hoc apud posteros plus gloriae
fidei habuisse palam c5nfitetur.
i.

celerrime

quam

n.

translate

3.
pons (pontis, M.)
bridge.
esset perruptus
cf. exspectas-

loco

sent, p.

1.

104,

admoveantur,
4.

vociferans:

shout out.

freely.

ferro

18; for mood,

1.

p. 61,

ferrum,

cf.

N.,

iron

cum:

6.

pudor

while.

M.)

(-oris,

patiebatur:
" would not allow "
p. 36,1. 7.
>

8.

aditum:

M> approach.

cf.

shame.

videbant,

aditus, -us,

pontis:

obstupefactl

we would say

7.

cf.

1.

10.

threats.

3.

obstupefac-

-um, part., amazed.

minas: minae, -arum,

tus, -a,

4.
13.

14.

freely, the ax.

5.

i,

cf.

vociferor,

dimicabat fought on.

the note on p. 7,

desiluit:

desilio,

4,

-silui,

leap down.

14.
-i,

1.

quam

p.:

quo

the adv.

exigua parte, etc.

"
"
by a while clause.
16. memoriae, etc.

1.

2.

1.

6,

and translate

cf.

p. 47,
translate

cf.

freely.

p.

85,

haec:

neuter.
17.

apud posterSs

following generations ;
plus:

see

multus.

partitive gen.
18. confitetur:
-f essus

sum, admit.

i.e.

in the

lit.

what?
gloriae:

confiteor,

2,

FIRST LATIN

io8

LESSON
A

READER
89

Favor Repaid

Olim Indus Ignotus in deversorium esuriens venit; cum

autem diu frustra venatus erat, cibum emere non potuit.
Sed colonus quidam, qul animadverterat fame hominem
esse paene confectum, cauponam iussit cibum dare, ipseque
pecuniam solvit. Indus colono gratias maximas egit pollicitusque est se semper beneficium memoria custoditurum.
Faucis post annis colonus ipse ab Indis captus est et in
ubi a domino in silvas saepe lignationis

Canadam deductus

Olim, cum procul ab aedibus laboraret,

losubito in conspectum venit Indus quidam, qul eum hortatus
est ut paulo post in locum certum ad colloquium veniret.

causa missus

est.

Colonus baud invltus

pollicitus est;

turn Insidias veritus

mutavit, neque ad locum venit constitutum.

Faucis post diebus Indus eum iterum convenit, iterumque
hortatus est ut alio die ad locum destinatum Iret.
Quo ubi perventum est, Indus se sequl iussit, ac per silvas

consilium

15

celeriter profectus est.

animum, flriemque

Alter, etsl timor eius

itineris

omnino

occupabat

nesciebat, est

tamen

cumque dies multos per silvas iter fecissent, po20 stremo ad oppidum pervenerunt, quod colonus laetus ut suum
Turn dux, " Ego is sum," inquit, " quern tu abhinc
cognovit.
multos mensis cibo iuvistl. Hoc modo refero gratiam."
secutus

i.

esuriens

(-entis,

part.):

cum inasmuch as.

hungry.
exhausted.
4. confectum:
cauponam caupona, -ae, F., mis:

tress

of (the} inn.

8. lignationis
the gerundive with
:

the use of
causa to ex-

cf.

press purpose.
14.

Indus

the Indian.

15.

destinatum: destinatus,

-a,

-urn, designated.
16. se
obj. of sequi.
:

modifier of animum.

17.

eius

18.

20.

fmem: contrast fines.

ut suum as his own.

21.

is: the

22.

gratiam:

meaning of

man.

gratias,

contrast
1.

5.

the

FIRST LATIN READER

LESSON
An

109

90

Earthquake in Colonial Times

Cum

iam colon! pluriml Britanniam Novam incolebant,

dum homines fere omnes somno gravi quiescunt,
repente motus terrae maximus factus est. Sono horrendo
olim noctu,

ad auris adlato, colon! graviter permoti e

5

confestim

lectis

exsiluerunt, tecta rat! undique labefactari qum etiam erant

qul timerent ne venisset dies mundi ultima aut certe ades;

set.

Interim in marl nautae

navls suas in

senserunt, credebantque

in agrls autem
ederent, omnls in partes per-

saxa abscondita delatas esse

cum mugltus maximos

boves,
10 territi

motum

cucurrerunt.

Quldam conflrmant se turn vldisse ignem per terram

ac certe quodam loco erat terrae hiatus, ex quo
levis
fumo similis aliquamdiu efferebatur. Diebus
pulvis

currere

proximis complures consecutl sunt motus, sed minores

15

multique homines, qul adhuc religionem spreverant, propter timorem ad cultum deorum se converterunt.
Traditum

quoque

aquam cuiusdarn

est,

motus

3.

(-us,

M.)

lit.

move-

ment.
labefactari:

5.

labefacto,

i,

mundi: mundus,

-i,

M., the

world.

e,

n. quldam

here, noun.

per:

12.

hiatus (-us, M.)

cleft (in),
13.

\\t.

levis

weight).
rising ;
16.

lit.

with gen.,

yawning (of},
(-is,

-e)

efferebatur

what

cultum:

light
i.e.

(of

kept

cultus,

-us,

M.,

worship.

8.

autem: moreover.

g.

cum

and

motu hum!

along.

shake down.-era.rt. qul: there

were (some) who. The subjunctive is used regularly after any
tense of sunt qul or nemo est qul.
6.

fontis, qul terrae

postea hieme interdum glaciem factam

depressus erat,

translate

ederent

by a

hurnl:

17.

note the

partic. phrase.

mugltus: mugltus,
lowing.

-us, M., bel-

what

is

18.
-pressi,

factam

the

into the ground;

commoner meaning ?

depressus erat

deprimo, 3,

-pressus, sink.
glaciem
esse i.e. froze solid.
:

no

FIRST LATIN

esse,

quamquam

READER

antea omnl tempore anni uberius fluere

consueverat.

LESSON

91

Evils of the Slave Trade

Gentes, quae Africam incolunt,
5

inter se saepe

quondam

dimicabant, captivlque a negotiatoribus empti, navibus in

terras sunt transporter! diversas, ubi dominls novls traditi
summis laboribus aetatem in agrls agebant. Dum autem
navigant, condicio captivorum miserrima erat; nam traditum est dominos, qul quaestum volebant facere quam

maximum neque aliud curabant,

lovorum operam minimam dedisse.

valetudini salutlque ser-

Qul igitur rniseri in locis angustis foedisque procul a luce

caellque spiritu saepe claudebantur.
Quln etiam interdum,
ut naves quam plurimos portarent, inter se vinculis iuncti,
suplnl dies noctesque iacere coacti sunt, spatio minimo
relicto, ubi

iStantum

paucl vice alterna se exercere possent:

quorum cruciatus, tempestate coorta, maximus erat turn

enim forls omnibus clausls vix resplrare poterant, multlque
;

i.

whereas.

quamquam:

uberius

adv. (positive not in use),

very freely.
4. navibus: by ship.
6.

laboribus

aetatem
verb, p.

6*k

gant, etc.

while
that,

cf.

vitam with the same

dum

13.

freely, it

navi-

was, however,

were on

tJiey

shipboard,

9.

aliud: anything else.

miseri: the

qui
wretches.
foedis:

locis

foedus,

-a,

caeli

(open) air.

spiri-

spiritus, -us, M., breath,

i.e. to one another.
13. inter se

iuncti: iungo, 3, iunxi, iunctus,

bind.
15.

pauci

i.e.

small groups.

vice alterna, abl. phrase, in turn.

exercere: exerceo, 2, -ui, -itus,
exercise.
possent note the mood.
:

their.
(but}
tempestate coorta: translate by a
16.

e|tt

ii.

translate as sing.

12.

tu

poor

quarters.

-um, foul.

quorum:

"when"
17.

clause.

foris

forus,

-i,

respirare: respiro,

M., gangway.
i,

breathe.

FIRST LATIN READER

in

Quo mod5 saepe factum est ut vlvl, vinculls

mortuos iacere cogerentur, donee postero die
nautae solverent mortuos corporaque in mare abicerent.
moriebantur.

retenti, inter

LESSON
A

92

Pirate Outdone

temporibus, cum servi plurimi ex Africa in terras

Sdlversas transportarentur, saepe in marl coniurationem
inter se nautae fecerunt, dominoque navis aut coniecto in
Illls

ducem novum ipsl deligebant; quo

secundum lltus Africae ultr5 citroque
navigabant et naves gentium spoliabant omnium.
10
Quorum e numero quldam in portum olim vectl longinvincula aut interfecto,

modd

plratae fact!

quum, ubi
legatum

in litore collocata erant castra

tela

aurumque

superbia iusserunt.

ad

castrls

summa

mittere

maximae

vero, vir

Ille

parva Britannica,

se

constantiae,

aurum respondit se non daturum esse, sed tela libenter misTurn plratae
15 surum, si eorum navis propius accessisset.
Ira commotl castra acerrime adortl sunt, ac legatus Britanpostquam tela defecerunt e castrls se recipere coacpostremo ab hostibus captus est; qul eum cum

nicus,
tus,

custodibus confestim ad
moriebantur:

i.

p. 7,
p. 74,
3.

1.
1.

cf.

rapiebant,

factum est ut:

17.

ducem

cf.

miserunt.

12. aurum:
do
aurum with auris.

libenter:

14.

15.

solverent

translate both
" should."

the

abicerent

subjunctives

vail', the high seas.

8.

plratae

9.

naves

10.

e: of.

p. 93,

1.

15.

predicate

commerce.

nom.

cf.

accessisset:
1.

18.

not

confuse

the note

on

cum

per-

freely, filled

custodibus

ducem:

esset

cf.

3.

16. Ira commotl:

with wrath.

guard.

scilicet

9.

ruptus, p. 107,

5.

Iste

i.e.

under

(their) chief.

FIRST LATIN

112

READER

hominem horrendis exsecrationibus accepit, quod anim5

tarn obstinate resistere ausus erat; legatus autem minime
territus audacter resporidit atque etiam maioribus exsecrationibus
5

nam

quam dux

ipse usus est.

Quae res el saluti fuit
nova re delectatl, cachinnos sustulerunt
;

piratae ceteri,

maximos

vitam homini concesserunt, quod male

et ultro

dicendo ducem ipsum superare potuerat.

LESSON

93

Colonization in Africa

Americanl Britannlque, cum demum plane coepissent

cognoscere mala, quae ab emptione servorum oriuntur,
locolonias in Africam statuerunt deducendas esse, in quas
libertini mitterentur; illlsque

omnes postremo

servos fere

temporibus erant etiam qui

sic in patriam reduci posse

existimarent

15

et

Coloniae, quae prlmo sunt eo deductae, non erant validae,

Sicut
saepe cum incolis Africanis pugnandum erat.

olim,
i.

cum

colon!

quldam promunturio Tnsulaque emptls

exsecrationibus:

at the unexpected
5. nova re
turn (of events)
abl. of cause.
:

d31ectati:
part., highly

delectatus,

amused,

cachinnos:

lit.

-um,

-a,

delighted.

cachinnus,

-i,

M.,

dicenlo: abl.

9.

ortus

4,

sum,

deducendas

esse: freely, ought to be planted in

Africa.

*fn.

libertini: libertinus,

freed/nan.

of specifica-

tion.

the

orior,

arise (cf. coorior).

10. in Africatn

-I, M.,
mitterentur note the
:

mood.

roar of laughter.
7.

oriuntur:

exsecratio,

-onis, F., curse.

12.

patriam:

i.e.

(their} right-

posse '.could.
existimarent: ct. the note

fid country.
mala: as (neut.) noun;

somewhat

neut. bona.

cf.

13.

similar use of the

on erant

emptione servorum:

14.

freely, traffic in slaves

lit.

what?

cf.

eo

qui, p. 109.!. 5.
the adv.
for meaning,
:

quo, p. 107,

1.

14.

FIRST LATIN

READER

113

in litore condidissent, nationes

oppidum parvum

proximae

moleste ferebant peregrines illic cdnsedisse

verebantur
enim ne iura sua vetera amitterent, emptioque servorum
;

magnum faciebant) mox tota repriarmatis

meretur.
Quare,
undique convocaas, in oppidum
colonorum repente impetum fecerunt acerrimum. Intra

(qua ex re quaestum
5

munltiones erant dux aeger et triginta quinque tantum

at illi, cum in proelio
homines, qul arma ferre possent
ex
numero
aut
vulnerati
aut interfectl
qulndecim
ipsorum
;

loessent, hostes praeda occupatos postremo in fugam coniecerunt.

Faucis autem post diebus oppugnatio a barbarls

rem bene gesserunt.

redintegrata est; qul ne turn quidem

Itaque, pace iam

demum facta, haec quidem colonia paulatim

numero vlribusque aucta

est.

LESSON
A
15

Olim,

cum

Prize

94

Won and Lost

mare Mediterra-

navis longa Americana per

neum

navigaret, nautae procul velum vlderunt; quo viso,

praefectus, liburnicas piratarum baud procul abesse ratus,

suos

summa

celeritate Insequi

Dtim autem

iussit.

remisque contendunt, subito navis in saxis

neque

2oadhaesit,
2.

modo

Gilo

moleste ferebant, etc.:

were much wrought up

illic:

i.e.

that. etc.

adv., there.

detrudl

not

confuse

an adv.

viribus

tota: translate as

6.

intra: behind.

ing of

8.

cum:

9.

ipsorum

Vocab.).
19. remis

12.

if

after.
:

their.

occupatos busied.
ne
quidem: see
.

the

haec quidem colonia

freely,

full

lit.

casu
what?

quidem

with

contrast the mean-

and

vis

vires

(see

the

remus, -i, M., oar.

ships often had both sails
:

oars, and velis remisque came

be a standing phrase for "at

and
to

Vocnb.
13.

14-

Roman

Quo

quidam.)

4.

10.

absconditls

poterat.

this particular colony]

(Do

veils

speed."

FIRST LATIN

114

secundum Htus

READER

nuntiato, plratae oppugnandl causa undique

etsl, ut navem levarent, in mare

convenerunt, et American!,

omnia, postremo se dedere coactl sunt.

ie"cerant

Qua
5

victoria parta, rex piratarum, veritus

ne

aliae

naves

longae oppidum suum oppugnarent, Americanos miseros

mumtiones firmare coegit, cum interim a plratis captlvl
tanta dlligentia

custodiebantur,

quamquam

ut,

dies noc-

tesque de fuga cogitabant, rem numquam perficere possent.

Els nautis, qui noctu quoque laborare volebant, pecuniam

cum opera sua vellet quam maturrime perfici;

autem pecuniam acceptam statim profuderunt, et ebrii
per oppidum vagantes iniurias oppidanis saepe intulerunt
Turn miris modis poenas dedisse dicuntur hominis enim
suplnl sola pedum verberabantur, idque saepe tarn vehementer ut sanguis exiret.
Interdum autem, pecunia lictoribus

lodedit rex,
ill!

data, storeis interpositis nautae verberabantur,

cum

interim

legatus huic rei praepositus (qui tamen extra fores carceris

morarl solebat) ex clamoribus iudicabat homines cruciatus
patl maximos.

LESSON
A
20

Prize

Won and Lost

i.

verb

is

a.

10.

(that) .
xi.

fudi,

quam ob rem

oppugnandi causa:

to the attack.

What

captlvl scilicet

he

lighten.

I,

was anxious
:

-f usus,

profundo,

squander.

3,

ebrii

ebrius, -a, -um, intoxicated.

13.

sola

modifying pedum, 1.

too

beat.
;

14.

saxis

etiam molestius
(placed flat) on his

solum, -I, N., sole (of

verberabantur verbero,
:

idque: freely,

strictly, id is

and

that

subject of fiebat

supplied
15. sanguis (-inis, M.) \blood.
.

exiret

irzzly, flowed.

lictor, -oris, M..,

miris modis: transl. as sing.

hominis

back.

the foot)
I,

maturrime from mature.

profuderunt:

suplm

14.

freely,

part of the

oppugnandl ?
levarent: levo,
vellet

(Continued}

navem Americanam de

Interim plratae longam

detruserant;

95

16.

mat.

storeis:

lictoribus

policeman.
storea,

-ae,

p.,

FIRST LATIN

READER

115

navem suam in hostium potestatem venisse:

eorum dux, Benbrigius nomine, litteras clam mlsit,
quibus hortatus est alium praefectum Americanum, qui
eodem in marl navigabat, ut clvibus auxilio venlret praedamque e manibus hostium eripere conaretur. Ille, litterls
ferebant

itaque

acceptis, susplcionis vltandae causa liburnicam mlsit

nocte intempesta portum ingressa, ad

quae

navem longam cursu

tarn incerto navigavit, ut plratae qui in ea custodies agebant,

ne liburnica in navem inllderetur, magna voce guber-

veriti

lonatorl imperarent ut ancoras iaceret.

autem respondit

Is

ancoras amissas esse.

response decepti, plratae liburnicam vagantem proaccedere

patiebantur, cum subito ex ea septuaginta
pius
armati gladiis destnctls in navem longam ascenderunt

Quo

15

atque in hostls perturbatos impetum fecerunt acerrimum.

brevi autem paene ad
Plratae fortissime dimicaverunt
;

unum

Turn, cum reliqul se in mare iecissent,

navi longae Americani ipsl admovelocls
multis
simul
ignes
tantum
vulneratls, liburnica salva ad
runt, quattuorque
20

occlsl sunt.

classem se receperunt.
Paulo post oppidum

ipsum classe est oppugnatum,

atque invltus rex piratarum captives Americanos incolumes
abire patl coactus est.
3.

p. 38,
4.

cf.

quibus:

the

note on

16.

1.

decipio,

off

clvibus

auxili5:

cf.

the

erratic-,

lit.

p.

sum.

compar., very

6.

liburnicam: this being the

by the pirates

type of vessel used

themselves
8. ea
9.

(cf. p.

113,

1.

i.e.

the varied meanings of this adj.

12. response: noun
decepti:

propius

12).

absol.

close.

destrictls

-urn, part.,

destrictus r -a,

drawn.

salva:
quattuor: as noun.
incolumi translate the abl. by

19-

17).

nave longa.
magna see the Vocab. for
:

14.

1.

throw

vagantem:
guard.
what? (cf. vagantes,

same construction with the verb

114,

-ceptus,

-cepl,

3,

(one's}

i.e.

"with."
22.

phrase.

invitus

translate

by

incolumes: scot free.

n6

READER

FIRST LATIN

LESSON

Mysterious Disappearance

Americam

ColSniis multls iam in

Indorum

96

sacerdotes

deductis, Galll etiam

consueverant, non
solum ut barbarl ad suam religionem converterentur, sed
in

etiam ut

Scandum

fines

amici essent,

illl

si

Qui homines

esset.

perlculls versabantur

mittere

quando cum Britannis dimisanctl interdum

maximls

in

slcut olim in regionibus longinquls,

quae postea civitatis Noveboracensis pars factae sunt, sacerdotes complures, qui cum negotiatoribus paucls castellum
parvum ibi tenebant, subito certiores factl sunt Indos perelogrinos omnls occldere constituisse.

Palam fugere non audebant sacerdotes, neque els ullae

erant naves, quibus ad Canadam veherentur.
Itaque clam
intra castellum scaphas facere statim coeperunt
deinde,
;

postquam omnia ad fugam iam sunt parata, barbaros ad

15

convlvium vocaverunt.

Illl

convenerunt

laetl

cumque

edissent omnia, quae sacerdotes apposuerant, domum reTurn Galll

gressi in tabernaculis mox sopitl iacebant.

scaphas ad rlpam portaverunt,

ad Canadam versus profectl sunt.
silentio

20

Mane

Indi

viderunt castellum

et

flumine secundo

clausum

qua re ani-

Pomadversa, primo sacerdotes vota facere credebant.

stremo tamen, fenestris ingress!, intus esse neminem
i.

colSnils
a"

translate

by

4.

si

5-

sanctl:

quando

de-luctis:

when "

cf. p. 54,

1.

15.

-um,

freely,

were

pious.
6.

versabantur:

exposed
ii.

(to).

eis

dat. case.

Cf. the illustration

N., feast.

4.

-a,

sanctus,

omnia: note the gender,

convlvium: convlvium, -I,

14.

clause.

on

the opposite page.

21. vota facere: to be at prayers

(votum,
22.

p. 76,

-i,

N.,

prayer},

fenestris:
1.

3.

cf.

the note on

FIRST LATIN

READER

117

CONViVIUM

The

among

Oriental fashion of reclining at meals was

the Greeks

and Romans.

from a wall decoration at Pompeii.

The above

much

in

vogue

illustration is

taken

n8

FIRST LATIN READER

maxim5 senserunt; nesciebant enim Gallis ullas

esse scaphas, eosque arte magica effugisse iudicabant.
timore

LESSON

97

Early Days in Liberia

Cum

in Africa abhinc

multos annos condita esset res

publica, quae Liberia appellatur, incolae eius regionis no$vae clvitati inimlcissimi erant. Nam advenae statuerant

emptionem servorum reprimendam esse, Afrl autem quaestum suum dimittere nolebant.
Olim prope coloniam quandam subito multitude barbarorum armatorum per silvam viam rumpere audlta est. Sed
10 in oppido arma multa apud sacerdotem quendam condita
erant; qui, una cum duobus fabrls, qul elsdem in aedibus
habitabant, tela confestim in hostls inmittere coepit, mulDux tamen Afrorum paucls cum comitosque vulneravit.

15

tibus fortiter progressus iam coepit

circum aedes in terra defixi erant.
fabrls statim telo interfecit,
territl,

vam

perrumpere palos, qul

Ilium autem Onus ex
barbarique ceteri, hoc casu per-

confestim verterunt terga et

At paulo

se contulerunt.

mortuum in colonorum

10.

reprimendam: translate the gerundive "must."

rum9. viam
(their) way.
9.

translate

pere:
part,

(rumpo,

break).

as

if

3, rupi,

present

ruptus,

lit.

apud at the house of] what

meanings of this word ?
:

are other

u.

fabris

faber, -bri, M., car-

penter.
12.

1.

sil-

potestate relictum, corporis quaerendi

i. timore
maximo: to their
great alarm ; lit. what ?
note the signifi4. Liberia:
cance of the name (cf. Hbertas).
6. empti5nem servorum
cf. p.

112,

celerrime in

quam

post, moleste ferentes ducem

opened
14.

tela

inmittere

coepit

fire.

palos

palus,

-I,

M., stake]

palisade.
19. in ... potestate:
freely,
sc.
relictum
in the hands.
pi.,

FIRST LATIN

READER

119

causa redierunt, summaque virtute identidem impetum in

aedes fecerunt acerrimum, donee, cum horam amplius dimicatum esset, subito proelio destiterunt et rursus maestl in
silvam regress! sunt.

LESSON
An
in

Quondam

aquarum

pater

98

Experience with Robbers

fluminis, qui lingua Indorum

appellabatur, plratae multi in speluncls
illlus

rlpis

latebant, ut navigia spoliarent, quae illTs temporibus mercibus varils onusta ultro citroque navigabant qum etiam
;

loco castra parva fecerant, ibique

naves vel maxima's adoriebantur.

quodam

10

summa

audacia

Quern locum olim negotiator locuples, ventum idoneum

nactus, veils passls incolumis est praetervectus
qui autem
ad rlpam navem suam appellere non ausus est, donee duo
;

dies inde adverse flumine navigavit.

15

Interim vero plratae,

praetereuntem, nee praedam tarn

navem viderant

qui

pulchram dimittere volebant, recta via per silvam erant

seciitl, et loco opportune in Insidils iam latebant
qul, nave
;

identidem:

1.

and

time

adv.,

2.
1.

3,

horam amplius:
and the note.

5.

p. 30,

say,

cf.

1.

6.

lingua

1.

cf.

quod,

we would

speluncls

(sing,
9.

of

mercibus

and

pi.)

nactus: freely, with the aid

lit.

what?

passls

seethe

13.

duo dies: for the space of

two days.
15.

praetereuntem: from prae-

spelunca, -ae,

F.,

tereo.

merx, mercis,
merchandise.

F.,

1 6.
recta:
rectus,
-a,
-um,
The robbers
straight, or direct.
were able to gain upon the trader

cave.
7.

Vocab. under pandd.

17.

" in the
language."

6.

12.

101,

p.

of;

proelio: cf. p. 69,

qui: for gender,

3.

maximas

vel: even.

10.

the largest size.

again.

ibi: at that point.

because of the bends in the

river.

FIRST LATIN READER

120

ad ripam appulsa, e silva subito eruperunt, ac nautas captos

ad castra sua navem reducere coegerunt.

coquus Afer consilio callido usus est

Ibi negotiatoris

nam

simulabat

dere

eum captum

dominum
esse

sibi iniurias intulisse,

quo mod5

credebant

hominem socium

Sed

olim, cena

omnibus

turum.

seque gau-

in amlcitiam

inrepsit, qul

piratarum

fidelem esse fu-

in nave apposita, coquus

in
flumen
repente proximum piratam
proiecit ; quo signo
nautae ceteros quoque in aquam detruserunt.
Plratae ad

lorlpam nando pervenerurit

festim solvit ac

summa

domum

LESSON
The

navem

negotiator autem

celeritate

Capttire of

profectus

con-

est.

99

Stony Point

Olim BritannI castra satis magna occupaverant in ripa

Hudsonis, baud procul a castellis compluribus,
quae adhuc tenebant American! victl. Quare colonl, cafluminis

sua magno esse in penculo ratl, castra statim sibi

delenda esse exlstimabant. Quam ad rem conficiendam

15 Stella

delectus est

quidam Antonius,

vir fortissimus, qul antea

facinora saepe ausus erat audacissima.

Omnibus rebus
aofectl, solis

captos: translate as

i.

runt

paratis, American!, per silvas clam prooccasu prope castra Britannica in latebrls conif

cepe-

et.

cook.
3. coquus (-J, M.)
usus est put into execution.
:

6.

worm
7.

inrepsit:

inrepo, 3, -repsi,

way.
omnibus: i .e for the whole

(one's)

10.

16.

lation,

dam,

magno: modifier of

quo signo
nando: cf.
:

cf. p.

p. 12,

57,
1.

1.

17.

16.

delenda esse

peri-

for the trans-

the note on reprimen-

cf.

1.

p. 118,

18.

6.

ausus erat

freely,

hadper-

formed.
20.

party.
8.

15.
culo.

solis

sol, solis,

occasu: abl. of time

-us, M.,

lit.

setting).

M., sun.

when

(occasus,

FIRST LATIN

READER

12 1

sederunt/ibique boras complurls moratl sunt; turn tertia

cum interim duce

fere vigilia silentio ad castra accesserunt,

uterentur serv5 Afro, qul Pompeius appellabatur.

Una cum servo praegrediebantur duo mllites, qul vestimenta agricolarum gerebant. Quare custodes nihil suspicantes homines propius accedere passl sunt Pompeius enim
erat omnibus notus, quod antea ad castra saepe venerat ut
venderet bacas quln etiam slgnum el a Britannis interdum
;

datum

factum est ut sine strepitu custodes a

duobus caperentur; et legiones ipsae paene in
castra venerunt, priusquam BritannI senserunt hostes
Turn autem celeriter concurrerunt ad arma et foradesse.
Ita

erat.

lomilitibus

tissime dimicaverunt.

castra
In proelio Antonius graviter vulneratus est
brevl
deiecerunt
autem sunt expugnata ab Americanls, qul
opera omnia, quae BritannI magna dlligentia ibi effecerant.
;

15

LESSON

100

Nathan Hale
Postquam BritannI Longa Insula tota potiti sunt, Vasingto tamen Novl Eboraci aliquamdiu moratus est, cum
discedere nollet, donee de consiliis hostium certior factus
2.

late

cum
by a

uterentur:

trans-

duce

partic. phrase.

qul

appellabatur:

named,
praegrediebantur:

4.
dior,

3,

-gressus

praegre-

sum,

go

on

ahead.
5.

slgnum countersign.
datum erat had been
factum est ut
municated.

out suspicion.
6. propius

i.e.

'with-

cf.
1.

the force of the

12.

corn-

cf.

sine strepitu ivithout (making any) disturbance,

p. 74,1. 15.

18.

case

p. 115,

9.

12.

nihil suspicantes

word on

omnibus: as (masc.) noun

8.

(as) guide.
3.

7.

dat. case.

19.

concurrerunt: sc. BritannI.

Novl
locative
Eboraci
domi and humi.
:

cf.

factus esset

sent, p. 104,

1.

18.

cf.

exspectas-

FIRST LATIN

122
esset.

Diu

hominem

ille

READER
mu-

frustra quaerebat, qui veste

tata castra Britannica speculandi causa adire vellet

po-

stremo autem ad hanc rem suscipiendam legatus adulescens

repertus est qui, vestlmentls magistrl puerorum sumptis,
Ubi BriSliburnica vectus ad Insulam incolumis pervenit.
:

tanni, qui nihil suspicabantur, hominem llbere circum caIlle autem diligenter
stra omnia ambulare passl sunt.

faciebat descrlptiones;

detrimento,
10

si in

commentaries vero, ne

manus hostium

sibi

essent

venisset, Latlne scripsit.

Turn paucls post diebus, re bene confecta, ad locum rediit,

unde ad continentem transiturus erat.
Dum autem ibi liburnicam exspectat, in deversorio a

perfuga quodam conspectus est, qui Britannos sine mora

de eius latebrls certiores fecit. Itaque ab hostibus confeisstim missa est navis longa, quae hominem interciperet

Scapha

e navl ad litus appulsa, legatus scilicet amicos adesse

quare e latebrls palam progressus, in litore fa-

credebat
cile

captus

Is paulo post a Britannis capitis

est.

tus, fortissime

se gerebat;
animo "

2oadesset, aequissimo
"
mihi est

una

quod

ille:

1.

...

qui

mutata:
spy ;

i.e.

lit.

veste

willing.
i.e.

as a

what?

magistri puerorum

6.

libere:

adv., freely,

-orum, M., notes.

9. detrimento:

me

4) translate
venisset: cf. factus esset,

(cf. praesidio, p. 65,

freely.

20.

of service

1.

was

to

omit in translating.

damnatus
moriendi

cf.

the note on

freely,

of execu-

tion.

(cf. scribo).

dat.

is:

p. 47,!. 16.

commentaril,

drawing

commentarios

erat:

transiturus

or at

19.

-onis, F., (a)

adv., in

cross.

capitis

descriptio,

Latlne:

19.

ttitor.

will.

descrlptiones

1.

121,

Latin.

18.

4.

8.

p.

n.

in disguise.

speculandi causa:

2.

Hoc solum me paenitet," inquit,

quam pro patria largiar."

vita tantum,

omit in translating.

vellet:

damna-

cumque tempus moriendi iam

aequissimo fully composed.

causes me regret
:

paenitet

(paenitet, 2, paenituit).
21. quod: that.
largiar
junctive.

sub-

For the phrasing of the

whole clause,

cf. p.

39,

1.

17.

STORIES FROM CAESAR RETOLD

THE WINTER OF

LESSON

54-53 B.C.
101

In 58 B.C. Julius Caesar became governor of northern Italy and the

vast country extending from the Alps to the North Sea, and spent the
next nine years in disciplining various tribes of that great territory.

Unexpected Trouble
Caesar, cum in Gallia bellum gerebat, totam aestatem
hostes premere solitus est, turn, ut vires mllitum conserva-

exercitum

ret,

nam caelum earum

hlberna deducebat:

regionum hieme asperrimum est; quare ille iudicabat

aestate sibi cum hostibus esse dlmicandum, reliquos autem
anni menses in hibernls milites retinendos esse. Olim,
cum transisset in Britanniam multosque dies cum incolis
eius Insulae bellum gessisset, aestate exacta ad continentem
Ibi certior factus est propter siccitatem in Gallia
Itaque exercitum in partes

rediit.

10

in

summam esse f rurnentl inopiam.

complures dlvisum in diversis civitatibus hiemandi causa

collocavit.
1.
cum: at the time when.
aestatem not aetatem. The ace.
"
may be rendered throughout."
2. vires:
do not confuse vis
:

and

4.

aestate exacta

vigilia
9.

deducebat

caelum

olim: freely, one year.

8.

note the tense.

F.,

climate.

asperrimum:

pared with that of

omit in translating.

as

Italy.

com-

cf.

dlvisum

collocavit

versis

123

at

freely,

exacta, p. 102, 1. 8.
siccitatem
siccitas, -atis,

aiding, etc.

ille:

the season

drought.
11

i.e.

end of

the "very

vir.

3.

6.

lit.

freely,

what?

after diin

quartered upon.

civitatibus

the tribes

di-

of

FIRST LATIN READER

124

HjSabinusandCot
[DLabienus

Longitude

West

Longitude

East

GALLIA

fn

FIRST LATIN READER

Quo

125

dux quidam Gallorum, nomine Ambiorix, cum

facto,

exercitus tot in partes divlsus esset, Romanes 'iam demum

facile superari posse ratus, una castra longinqua subito

impetus autem fortiter exceptus est a nostrls,

confestim in fugam dederunt.
hostium
Qua
quT equites
spe deiecti, Gall! clamaverunt se colloquium velle quo audito, legati qui illls castrls praeerant, extra munitiones non
est adortus

dubitaverunt e5s mittere, qui

cum Ambiorige colloquerentur.

LESSON
A
Ad colloquium

102

Parley with the

Enemy

missus est C. Arpineius, eques RSmanus,

Q. lunius, Hispaniensis, qui iam ante a Caesare ips5

saepe delectus erat, ut cum Ambiorige ageret.

10 et

Els,

cum

extra munltiones egress! essent, rex conflrmavit

constituisse e5 ipso die omnia hiberna

Gallos universos

simul

Caesaris

oppugnare, ne qua legio

Gaul were numerous, and more or

less independent of one another.

qua spe

5.

legion!

same con-

the

with

as

struction

alterl

desisto

(e.g.

In dividing his force for the winter, it was Caesar's idea, in view

p. 119,

of the scanty crops, to distribute

more widely than usual among the

p.

Gallic tribes the burden of supplying the grain needed by his soldiers.

Caius (Gazus).
eques Romanus a Roman knight,
i.e. a member of the middle order

i.

cum:

3.

longinqua

causal.

7.

58,
8.

9.

translate freely,
castris
for
syntax,
1.

3)

12.

eos
C.

men.
i.e.

Roman

particular

in the

camp (No. 4 on the map) was

distant about two hundred miles
from Caesar's headquarters at

10.

Q.

12.

rex:

13.

universos:

this

Samarobriva.
4.

Romans.

lit.

ally,

the story being told

point of view of the

nostrls

from the

cf.

1.

ne

14.

state,

i.e.

Qulntus.

i.e.

Ambiorix.
freely,

qua:

so

that no;

the note on quid, p.

legid

gener-

what?

legion

(a

56,

1.

cf.
i.

body of about

FIRST LATIN

126

READER

subsidio venire posset se tamen invitum castra oppugnasse,

sed voluntati ceterorum Gallorum civitatem suam resistere
;

Nee tamen," inquit, " Caesaris in me

beneficiorum immemor sum
itaque vos magnopere horut
celerrime
exercitum
vestrum ad proxima
5 tor,
quam
deducatis.
hlberna
Magna enim manus Germanorum
Rhenum nuper transiit, quorum multitudini nullo modd
non

"

potuisse.

resistere poteritis.

Simul

Quare

loiter facere

saluti vestrae statim consulite."

Romanos per

pollicitus est se

suos incolumes

finis

passurum.

oratione habita, discessit Ambiorlx; nuntil autem

redierunt in castra legatosque de regis verbis certiores

Qua

fecerunt.

LESSON

103

Roman Camp

Division of Opinion in the

Q. Sablnus et L. Cotta legati, re repentma permoti, ea

i5verba, etsl ab hoste dicta erant, tamen non neglegenda
esse existimabant itaque, consilio convocato, quid optimum
factu esset diu disputatum est.
;

TribunI centurionesque complures nihil

4000 infantry, supplemented usually by a small detachment of cavmostly foreign). In the camp
attacked, the force amounted to a
legion and a half; the other camps
1.

subsidiS: dat. of service.

2.

voluntati:

3.

voluntas, -atis,
syntax, see the

4.

me (ace.) to
immemor (-oris,
in

mindful.

un-

vester, -tra, -trum,

1.

has crossed.

legates the commanders.

L. : i.e. Lucius.
legati:
:

14.
cf.

12.

neglegenda:

neglexl,

neglectus,

neglego,

3,

disregard,

or

ignore.

me.
adj.)

transiit

7.

12.

15.

wish] for
Vocab. under resists.

p.,

vestrum

5.

temere agen-

your.

airy,

were manned by a legion apiece.

sibi

set

16.

c5nsili5: council

17.

factu:

of ivar.

supine, to do.

es-

subj. in indirect question.

18. tribunl
militum)
(sc.
:

READER

FIRST LATIN

127

dum, neque ex hibernis iniussu Caesaris discedendum iudicum enim castra munitissima essent, credebant se
Germams facile resistere posse, donee Caesar cum legionibus subsidio veniret. Sabinus autem, veritus ne Gall! cum
sGermanls se coniungerent, statim discedendum censuit
sciebat enim Germanls magno dolor! fuisse victorias supecabant

Romanorum, neque arbitrabatur Gallos, qui tot contumelias a Romanis acceperant, se cum hoste quovis

riores

10

coniungere dubitaturos.
Oratione in utramque partem habita, cum Cotta sententiae collegae sul acriter resisteret, Sabinus postremo Iratus
"
ut vobls videtur;
"Fiat," inquit,
mortis perlculo magnopere terrear."

LESSON

ego non

104

The Advice of the Enemy

15

sum, qui

is

Taken

is

Quibus verbis commoti, omnes statim e consilio surrexerunt, legatosque vehementer hortati sunt ne sua pertinacia
rem in summum periculum deducerent: neque enim ullum
(military) tribunes.

Of these there

were

six for each legion; in

they stood next to the legion

mander.

centuriones

rank

com-

centurions

(subordinate officers, ranking from

captain down).
3. legionibus
troops.
6. dolori: dat. of service.
:

superiores
8.

as

on

1.

p. 79,

RSmanorum.
10.

in

pro and

hoste: sc.

ret

quSvis: from quivis.

utramque partem
con.

translate

cum
by a

freely,
resiste-

partic. phrase.

for

Ger-

cf.

syntax,

3.

collegae collega, -ae, M.,

:

brother

here,

lit.

officer

(namely, Sabinus).
12.

as

tur

cf.

eos
16.

se

1.

colleague

7.

a: at the hands of.

obj. of coniungere, 1.9.

sententiae:

mams,
n.

in

fiat: let it be.

(it)
.

seems

qui, p. 125,

rem

ut

best.

is
1.

with

vide:

8.

matters.

combination

... qui

neque

enim and

other postpositive words, neque

usually replaces n5n. In the translation

of this

particular

clause,

combine the negative with ullum

(

nullum)

FIRST LATIN

128

READER

timendum esse, si modo omnes idem probarent;

autem nullam esse spem.
Cum iam ad mediam noctem disputatum esset, turn demum Sabml sententia superavit, ac mane castra motum
hostem

sibi

in dissensione

Consumpta est vigilils rebona colligerent sua, nee

satis scirent quid in hlbernis relinquendum, aut quid secum
portandum esset. Deinde prlma luce e castrls longissimo
agmine maximisque impedimentis profectl sunt plerique
loenim non suspicabantur Ambiorigem omnia ea, quae de
Germanorum adventu dixerat, mentltum esse, cum speraret
mllitibus pronuntiatum est.
liqua pars noctis, cum milites

5 Iri

ita se

Romanos ex

hibernis elicere posse.

At interim
legatos
15

hostes, qui ex nocturne strepitu intellexerant

constituisse confestim castra move"re, in silvas

paulum se receperant Insidilsque loco idoneo

adventum Romanorum cupide exspectabant.

LESSON

collocatis

105

The Romans are Ambtished

Ita
in

factum

magnam
1.

est ut, cum maior pars agminis Romanorum

vallem descendisset, Galli subit5 e latebris

timendum

feared, a

esse:

common

need

force

be

of the

vigilils:

5.

wakefulness."

we would say "/

What

gerundive, esp. in negative phrases.

The indirect discourse at this point
is due to the idea of saying (dixe-

meaning of this word

runt) implied in hortatl sunt, p. 127,

modo: consult the Vocab.
1.15.

clause

idem probarent:
should agree upn one plan;
what?

for

under

2.

F.,

si.

dissensione

i.e.

lit.

dissensi5, -onis,

motum

the verb ?

Iri

colligerent

what part of

Translate this

7.

partic. phrase.
relinquendum: sc.

mood,

aut:
8.

colligo, 3, -legi,

by a

cf.

esset, p.

126,

esset;
1.

17.

say "and."
longissimo: and, therefore,

we would

straggling.

u. cum

disagreement.
4.

6.

-Mtofa*, get together.

another

is

clause in

1.

speraret:
6.

cf.

the cum-

FIRST LATIN

READER

129

erumperent, atque imquissimo nostrls loco proelium comSablnus, qui adhuc nihil suspicatus erat,
acerrimo hostium impetu vehementer commotus, in omnis
partes properavit ac cohortes disponere conatus est Cotta
mitteretur.

ob
posse
non
discedendum
censuerat
ex
hlbernls
causam

svero, qui cogitaverat haec

eamque

in

itinere accidere,

virum magnum interim se praebebat omnibus enim

modis communl consulebat saluti, ac fortissime officia et

esse,

imperatoris et militis simul praestabat.

10

longitudinem agminis non facile

Turn, quod propter

provider! poterat quid quoque loco faciendum esset, legati

suls imperaverunt ut, impediments relictls, in orbem consisterent.
in eius
15

hostes,
relicta

i.

Quod

consilium (etsl

modi casu utl solent) turn baud f ellciter accidit; nam

non sine maximo timore impedimenta a Romanis
esse ratl, etiam acrius iam dlmicaverunt

nostrls:

dat.

con-

case;

strue with imquissimo.

committeretur:
note the termination,

8.

3. acerrimo: translate the su"

perlative
exceedingly."
ten cohorts concohortes:
4.

stituted a

legion

(p.

125,

1.

14,

communl
cf.

syntax,
et

which indicates the case of proe-

Hum.

haec:

neut.

ob

eamque

9.

militis

u.

ter of the

on

praebeo, 2,

for

a soldier (in the

word.
quoque; from
faciendum cf. the note

p. 128, 1. I.
12. in orbem

Hum.
virum magnum: pred.

et

longitudo,
extent (cf. longus).
provider!: note the last let-

word.
7.

8.

-inis, F. ?

a circle.

praebebat
show.

1.

ranks).
10. longitudinem:

causam
the prep, ob does not
combine with -que, which is, therefore, passed on to the following
:

saluti

p. 126,

correlative,

quisque.

note).
5.

eodem imperatores summl

13.

ace.

14.

-ui, -itus,

16.

i.e.

so as to form

eodem: referring to consimodi: sort.

etiam acrius

fiercely.

(all the)

more

FIRST LATIN READER

130

LESSON
77?^

Enemy

106

Prevail

Accedebat ut milites multi ab slgnis discederent et bona

sua carissima ab impedlmentis arripere conarentur ceterl
autem, quatnquam a Fortuna deserebantur, tamen omnem
:

salutis in virtute ponebant, et quotiens quaeque cohors

procurrerat, ab ea parte magnus numerus hostium cadebat.
Qua re animad versa, Ambiorlx suos procul tela conicere

spem
5

nee propius accedere. Quam ob rem, cum iam aliqua

cohors excesserat ex orbe atque impetum fecerat, summa
celeritate fugiebant hostes; cum autem cohors rursus ad
loaciem se recipere coeperat, turn Galli, undique coorti, noiussit

stros acerrime

Cum

sic

premebant.

a prlma luce ad

horam octavam pugnatum

esset,

T. Balventius, vir fortis et magnae auctoritatis, tragula

graviter vulneratus est; Q. Lucanius, fortissime pugnans,
isdum circumvento fllio subsidio venit, est interfectus; ac

cum milites hortaretur, funda percussus

rebus
Quibus
permotus Sabinus, cum procul Ambiosuos
cohortantem
rigem
conspexisset, interpretem suum
L. Cotta legatus,

est.

accedebat

impersonal use,

was added (that} freely, matters

were made worse by the fact (that).
it

ab sigms

in the line.

own
4.
cf.

from their places

Each cohort had its

i.e.

special standards.

quotiens

p. 72,

1.

i,

procurrerat

with the note on

the pluperfect.
cf. the use of this prep.
5. ab
in the phrase a tergo.
cadebat
note the tense.
:

7.

8.

propius: absol. compar.

excesserat excedo, 3, -cessi,
:

-cessum

move

est,

out.

orbe

cf.

p. 129,!. 12.
10.

aciem

i.e.

orbem.

coorti

freely, closing in.

12. horam
octavam:

cf.

the

translate

by a

note on p. 74, 1. 16.

i.e. Titus.
13. T.
:

15.

circumvento

relative clause.
16. funda funda, -ae, F., sling;
see the illustration on p. 140.
:

18.

suos

rigem.
-e,tis, c.,

reflexive to

interpretem:
interpreter.

Ambio-

interpres,

FIRST LATIN
Cn.

Pompeium ad eum

READER

131

mlsit rogatum, ut sibi mllitibusque

parceret.

LESSON
Annihilation of the

107

Roman

Force

nihil Romanis timendum esse, seque Sablnl

salutem
praestare, si ille ad colloquium venire vellet.
ipslus
Quo audlto, Cotta tamen negavit ad armatum hostem se

Rex respondit

Sabmus autem

iturum, atque in eo perseveravit.

militum

centurionesque

adstabant

tribunes

se

sequl iussit;
cumque propius Ambiorigem accessisset, iussus arma abiDum
cere, paruit, ac suls ut idem facerent imperavit.
10

autem

qui

de condicionibus inter se agunt, Sabinus paula-

ibi

tim circumventus a Gallls occlsus

est.

Turn vero hostes sustulerunt ululatum, impetuque

nostros facto ordines perturbaverunt.
Ibi
gnans periit cum maxima parte militum.
15

in

Cotta puReliqui se in

L.

hlberna receperunt, unde erant nuper egressl.

quibus

L. Petrosidius aquilifer, homo magnarum vlrium, cum confertissima multitudine hostium premeretur, aquilam intra

vallum

pro castris fortissime pugnans

proiecit, ipse

inter-

fectus est.

Roman! aegre ad noctem oppugnationem

20

i.

Cn.:

rogatum:
4.

i.e.

Cnaeus(Gnaeus).

cf.

petltum, p. 95, 1. 13.

vellet
cf. the note on ad:

moveantur, p. 61,
6.
8.

1.

14.

eo: (neut.) noun.

propius: with the force of

prep., quite

near

to.

9.

idem

14.

cum:

16.

aquilifer (-eri, M.)

bearer,

una cum.
:

stand-

lit.

eagle bearer.

Aside from the standards of the

cohorts, each legion carried a silvlrium: from what
ver eagle.
nom. sing.? Give some of the

meanings of the singular.

17.

note the gender.

i.e.

ard

sustinuerunt;

eagle.
18.

plied.

aquilam:
ipse:

aquila,

-ae,

F.,

autem may be sup-

132

FIRST LATIN

READER

STANDARD BEARERS

The

standards carried in the

Roman army

were numerous and

rather diverse (see also the illustration on page 162).

As the eagle
was the chief standard of the legion, upon it was lavished all the
enthusiastic devotion which modern soldiers feel for their flag.

No

disgrace was so deep

the hands of the enemy.

and

terrible as to

have the eagle

fall

into

FIRST LATIN READER

133

desperata salute, ad unum omnes se ipsl interfecerunt.

Pauci, qui paulo ante e proelio effugerant, per silvas incertls

turn,

ad T. Labienum legatum in hiberna pervenerunt,

atque eum de rebus gestls fecerunt certiorem.

itineribus

LESSON

08

The Gauls attack a Second Camp

5

Hac

Ambiorix statim cum equitatu

victoria sublatus,

in

Aduatucos, qui erant eius regno fmitimi, profectus est;

neque noctem neque diem intermisit, peditatumque se
iussit subsequi.

Re demonstrate Aduatuclsque
10

concitatls, postero die in

Nervios pervenit, eosque hortatus est, ne sul in perpetuum

llberandl occasionem dlmitterent.
Interfectos esse legates

duo Romanes magnamque partem exercitus interisse docuit

facillimeque oppriml posse earn quoque legionem, quae cum
Q. Cicerone in fmibus eorum hiemaret. Qua dratione
;

15

facile NerviTs persuasit.

x.

spair

de-

desperata:
of.

despero, i,
se ipsl
cf. ipse
:

1. 2.
The men probably
ran upon one another's swords.
T. Labienum: in con3. ad

drew

se, p. 8,

nection with in hiberna, this phrase

may conveniently be rendered by a
genitive. For the location of Labienus' camp, see the map on p. 124.
4.

freely,
5.

gestis:

done; translate

lit.

using a relative clause.

sublatus:

from

tollo.

Aduatucos

intermisit:

omit in transla-

concitatls: concito,
sul gen. pi.

9.

10.

n.
ing

stir up.

liberandi:

form from

its

gerundive,
sui.

tak-

Render the

" to."
gen. (freely)
13. facillimeque: as governing
verb for this clause, dixit may be
supplied.

another of
14. Q. Cicerone:
Caesar's lieutenants (see the map).

and

edrum
i.e.
Nerviorum.
hiemaret for mood, cf. admoveantur,
:

for

this

other peoples mentioned, see again

the nnap on p. 124.
7.

in:

into the territory of.

6.

se

rein.

tion.

sc.

cursum,

i.e.

p. 61,
15.

1.

14.

Nerviis

over the Neruii ;

persuasit:
lit.

what?

won

FIRST LATIN READER

34

Itaque confestim dimissls nuntiis ad Ceutrones, Grudios,

nationesque

alias,

ut

quam maximis

copils auxilio statim

Ciceronis hiberna hostes se ostende-

venlrent, repente ad
runt; ubi nonnulli mllites, morte
5

Sabml Cottaeque nondum

operam

nuntiata, sine timore extra munitiones officils variis

Ex

dabant.

his quldam, qu!

causa in silvas

lignationis

discesserant, repentmo equitum adventu intercept! sunt.

Ceterl autem celeriter concurrerunt ad arma, vallumque
conscenderunt.

LESSON
The Besieged attempt

to

109

Communicate with Caesar

Missae sunt ad Caesarem confestim a Cicerone litterae

autem omnibus vils, ab hostibus miss! intercept!

10

obsessls

Noctu ex materia, quam munitionis causa compor-

sunt.

taverant,

nostr! turres circiter

CXX

incredibil! celeritate

exstruxerunt.

Postero die hostes, multo maioribus coact!s copi!s, castra

15

iterum oppugnaverunt, fossamque complere conat! sunt.

Eadem

qua pndie, nostr! restiterunt. Hoc idem

Nulla pars noctis
reliquis deinceps diebus factum est.
laboribus rmlitum carebat
non aegns, non vulnerat!s
ratione,

2.

ras.

alias: not reliquas or ceteut: the construction is de-

termined by the idea of urging or

commanding implied in the sendmaximis coing of messengers.
"with."
ad: in the neighborhood of
cf.
lignationis causa:
p.

piis: abl. case; translate

3.

6.
1

08,

1.

8.

-ae,

materia:

night.

17.

qua:

abl., in the

eadem

materia,

timber.

p.,

freely,

as;

strictly,

same construction as

ratidne.

reliquis: the following.

deinceps: adv., in turn.
19. laboribus militum
freely,
18.

7.

equitum:

9.

c5nscenderunt

ii.

mctt: during the (follow-

12.

ing)

i.e.

of the enemy.
:

manned.

missi: part, as(masc.) noun.

toil

for

the

soldiers.

carebat:

was without, or lacked; cf. the note

on me ... carere, p. 68,
13.
1.

FIRST LATIN

READER

135

facultas quietis dabatur nee Cicero ipse, etsi tenuissima

erat valetudine, nocturne tempore ad quietem utebatur,
:

priusquam mllitum vocibus sibi parcere coactus est.

Turn duces Nerviorum, qul aliquam causam amlcitiae
5

cum Cicerone

habebant, colloqul sese velle nuntiaverunt.

Facta potestate, eadem commemorant, quae paulo ante

Ambiorfx cum Sabino egerat. Addunt etiam de Sablnl
morte, et conformant se nihil recusare nisi hiberna, atque

hanc inveterascere consuetudinem nolle; quam ob rem

10

Romanls

cumque

incolumibus ex castrls discedere et quas-

licere

in partes velint sine timore proficlscl.

LESSON no
Heroic Defense of their

At

Camp

Cicero, qul iniussu Caesaris castra

non esse consuetudinem

movere nolebat,

popull RomanI
ullam accipere ab hoste armato condicionem si ab armls
Gallis respondit

discedere atque legates ad Caesarem mittere vellent, sperare se eos, quae petlssent, impetraturos.
1.

quietis:

-etis,

tenuis,

here, poor.
valetudine
cf. p.

slight

no,

1.

9.

abl.

phrase expresses quality

or characteristic
cf. the similar
use of the genitive.
;

4.

causam

6.

potestate:

commemorant

i.e.

ground.

i.e.

i.e.

facultate.

dicunt.

9.

p.,

-is, -e,

2.

The

quies,

tenuissima

rest.

animated narration, the pres. indie.

is often thus used for
the

consuetudinem:

inveterascere

winter.

rasco, 3, -veteravi,
10.

incolumibus

invete-

become fixed.
:

pred. dat.

quascumque quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque, whatsoever.

:

14.

In

hanc

the practice of quartering a division of the army upon them for the
i.e.

ullam:

modifier

of con-

dicionem.
15.
16.

legates: as on p. 48. 1. 9.
i.e. ea quae, lit. the

quae:

treated (in his dealings) with Sa-

the conthings which ;

freely,
i.e.
cessions which.
petlssent
petivissent cf. also the note on

binus.

exspectassent, p. 104,

perfect.
7.

cum Sabino

egerat

had

1.

18.

FIRST LATIN

136

Hac spe deiectl Nervii

pedum qulndecim hiberna

READER
pedum decem

vallo

circumdant.

et

fossa

Els autem nulla

ferramentorum copia, quae ad earn rem usul sunt;

gladils igitur caespites circumcldere et manibus saglsque
erat

terram exhaurire cogebantur. Qua ex re hominum multitude cognoscl potest nam horls fere tribus decem mllium
;

munltionem pedum qulndecim per-

in circuitu

passuum
fecerunt.

Septimo oppugnationis

die,

maximo

coorto vento, hostes

lotela fervefacta in casas iecerunt;

quae celeriter comprehenderunt ignem, et ventl magnitudine in omnem locum

castrorum distulerunt.
Turn Galll, victoriam rati iam

demum
15

maximo clamore vallum

esse partam,

scalls ascen-

dere coeperunt. At tanta erat virtus nostrorum, ut, cum

maxima telorum multitudine premerentur, suaque impedimenta omnia igni consumi intellegerent, de vallo decederet

Hie dies

nemo.

x.

nostrls longe gravissimus f uit

hac spe deiecti

similar phrase, p. 125,

2.

p. 135,
3.

turn,

such

-I,
.

the

cf.

1.

5.

circumdant: for tense,

1.

els:

6.

i.e.

ferramentorum:

earn:

business.

usul sunt

are needed.
:

-hausi, -haustus, remove,

out.
7.

lit.

pedum quindecim:

haul

freely,

fifteen-foot (including both vallum

and fossa, as thus far completed)
.

10.

fervefacta

-inis, F.,

fervefactus, -a,

casas:
-um, red-hot.
quae: feminine.

barracks.

force, lit. greatness, cf.

translate "by reason

of."

distulerunt: sc.

12.

ignem)
13.

circumcidere

circumcido, 3,
-cidi, -clsus, cut out, lit. cut around.
5. exhaurire:
exhaurio,
4,
4.

sed tamen

xx. venti: gen. case.

magnitudine: abl. of cause (magnitude,

magnus)

ferramen-

N.yiron implement.

rem

cf.

Nervils.

vallum

the vallum of 1.
-arum,

F.,

(i.e.

i.e.

castrorum
scalls

i.

not

scalae,

ladder (s).

14.

cum:

15.

maxima

freely,
16.

eum

concessive,
.

multitudine:

a perfect storm.

de vallo: i.e. from (his

deposition upon} the rampart.
cederet
decedo, 3, -cessi, -cessum
:

est,

withdraw.

17.

nostris

late "for."

dat. case;

trans-

READER

FIRST LATIN
hunc habuit eventum, ut eo

die

137

maximus numerus hostium

interlret aut vulneraretur.

LESSON in

Messenger eludes the

Enemy

erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores

litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur; e quibus non-

Quant5

conspectu nostrorum militum intercept!, cum crusunt.

Intra hlberna autem erat Nervius

Snulli, in

necati

ciatu

quidam, nomine Vertico, qul ad Ciceronem perf ugerat, cum

primum castra oppugnata sunt. Hie servo spe llbertatis
magnisque persuasit praemils, ut litteras ad Caesarem deIlle celeriter profectus, et

10 ferret.

Callus inter Gallos sine

ad Caesarem incolumis pervenit.

Ab eo de perlculls Ciceronis legionisque cognitum est.
Caesar, acceptis litteris hora fere undecima diel, nuntium
confestim in Bellovac5s mittit ad M. Crassum, cuius
ulla suspicione versatus,

15

hlberna aberant ab eo milia passuum qulnque et vlginti

iubet media nocte legionem proficisci celeriterque ad se

Alterum ad C. Fabium legatum mittit, qul el
venire.
ut:

i.

eo

that.

die:

the day referred to on p. 136,

as hie dies.

quanto

3.

tanto:

the comparatives, the

how much

by

erat
1.

-brum,

in dies

\\\..

dat. case, to

10.

ille:

(since he
.

1.

the

was)

versatus:

with;

the,

lit.

cf. p.

(i.e.

-bra,

"of

be construed

slave.

freely,

periculls

13.

h5ra

1.

Gallus

inter

mixing

5.

in

on

the note

cf.

sine: without

cf.

mittit

translate as sing.

undecima

p. 74,

1.

diel

16.

the note on p. 133,

cf.

commemorant,,

ad M. Crassum:
135,1.6.
the map on p. 124.
i.e. Caesare.
15. eo

p.

see

16.

sum).

9.

a Gaul.

12.

14.

44,

what?

lit.

(exciting).

with

transl. as adv.

su5

sc.

with persuasit,

creber,

frequent :

servo:

8.

17

by so much.

crebriores:

4.

his ")

became.

i.e.
1.

17.

iubet

sc.

eum

(i.e.

Cras-

ad: to (join).
alterum: sc. nuntium.

ad C. Fabium: see the

el: i.e. Fabio.

map

again.

FIRST LATIN READER

138

nuntiet, ut legionem in Atrebates adducat, quorum per

fines sibi iter faciendum sciebat.
Scribit Labieno ut, si
rel

commodo

publicae

Nerviorum

fieri

cum

possit,

legione ad fines

veniat.

Reliquam partem exercitus, quae

paulo aberat longius, non arbitratur exspectandam; equites

CCCC

circiter

ex proximis hlbernis cogit.

LESSON

112

Caesar heads a Relief Force

Hora

fere tertia ab antecursoribus de Crassi adventu

Eo die milia passuum vigintl

Crassum
Samarobrlvae
progressus
praeposuit, legio10
nemque el tradidit, quod ibi relinquebat impedimenta exercitus, obsides civitatum, litteras publicas, frumentumque
omne, quod eo tolerandae hiemis causa comportaverat.
Paulo post Fabius, ut imperatum erat, in itinere cum
At Labienus, morte Sabml et clade
legione occurrit.
15 cohortium cognita, cum omnes ad eum Treverorum copiae
Caesar certior est factus.
est.

venissent, veritus ne,

si

ex hlbernis fugae similem pro-

in
x. legionem:
suam.
sc.
Atrebates
i.e. F. was to march
:

south to join Caesar, as the latter

moved eastward.
2.

ut:

in

this

connection,

imperat also

scribit implies

hence

the ut-clause.
3.

rei

with the

commodo: lit.
well-being of the commonpublicae

without endangerpossit: //
ing the public weal.

wealth]

may.
7.

day

freely,

legione

hora

following.

sc. sua.

tertia:

9. praeposuit: with dat, left

in charge (of)
civitatum i.e. the Gallic
1 1
.

i.e.

of the

antecursor, -oris, M., courier.

the adv.

12.

eo

13.

imperatum

erat:

note the

gender.
14.

occurrit

15.

cohortium:

cum:

cohorts.

sc. ei (i.e. Caesari)

freely,

causal.

ad

the

to
.

had marched upon.

Treverorum: see the map on p. 124.
venissent

antecursdribus

"from."

states; translate the gen.

litteras: documents.

16. fugae: dat. case; construe

with similem.

FIRST LATIN

READER

139

fectionem fecisset, hostium impetus sustineri non posset,

Caesarl remlsit, quibus ostendit quantum esset

litteras

periculum docuitque omnes peditatus equitatusque copias

Treverorum tria milia passuum ab suis castris consedisse.
5

Caesar, consilio eius probato, etsl opinione trium legionum

delectus ad duas redierat, omnem tamen communis salutis
in celeritate

spem

Nerviorum

in

Venit igitur magnls itineribus

ponebat.

ex captivis cognoscit quae in

Ibi

fines.

Ciceronis hibernis gerantur, quantoque in periculo res

LESSON

sit.

113

The Besieged learn of Caesar's Approach

Itaque cuidam ex equitibus Gallis Caesar magnls praemiis

10

Graecis

Hanc
epistulam deferret.
scrlptam mlsit, ne Gallo intercepto nostra

ad Ciceronem

ut

persuasit,

litterls

ab hostibus cognoscerentur. HominI imperavit ut,

hlberna intrare non posset, tragulam cum epistula ad
amentum deligata intra munltiones abiceret. In epistula
consilia

si

15

se cum legionibus profectum celeriter adfore;

Ciceronem hortatus estut pristinam virtutem retineret.
scripsit

x.

fecisset:

cf.

exspectassent,

p. 104,1. 18.
2.

4.

cf.

quibus:

esset:

why

suis

opinione

p. 125,

1.

38,

1.

cf.

belonging
:

to

his.

opinio, -onis, p.,

the similar phrase,
i.e.

had

the 6).

what tense

1.

(cf.

the note on legio,

14).
epistula, -ae, p.,

been re-

letter.

by a conditional clause.

(note

magnls itineribus: i.e.

forced marches.
8. captivis:
i.e. Gauls whom

with adj.

The

eign nations
p. 125,

12.

venit

trans-

cavalry of the Roman

army was recruited largely from forforce.

XL epistulam:

ff.

redierat:

duced.
7.

neut. interrogative;

late as sing. (quid),

10. ex: of.
Gallis:

16.

subjunctive?

expectation]
6.

p.

Treverdrum:

the Treveri.
5.

he had arrested as he marched.

quae:

15.

strap.
16.

Gallo intercepto

translate

amentum: amentum,

-i,

N.,

deligata: deligo, \, fasten.

adfore: i.e. adf uturum esse.

FIRST LATIN READER

140

ARMA

The upper

showing the very primiof

some
of
the
In the lower
equipment
light-armed troops.
picture maybe seen on the spears of the warrior the strap (amentum)
illustration is interesting as

tive

which was used to

assist the

hand when the weapons were hurled.

READER

FIRST LATIN

141

cum ad

hlberna venisset, perlculum veritus, ut

Haec casu
erat imperatum, tragulam cum litteris mittit.
ad turrim adhaesit, neque a nostrls statim animadversa,
tertio die a milite quodam conspicitur; qul earn sine mora
Callus,

ad Ciceronem defert.

Ille,

epistula perlecta, milites laetus

Turn fuml incendio-

docet Caesarem iam subsidio venire.

omnem

rum

procul cernebantur; quae res

adventus legidnum expulit.

LESSON

dubitationem

114

The Enemy raise the Siege

Galll re cognita per exploratores, obsididne statim relicta,
10

I5

ad Caesarem omnibus copils contendunt. Quo animadverso,

Cicero Gallum quendam celeriter cum litteris mittit, in quibus scrlbit hostes ab se discessisse omnemque multitudinem
ad Caesarem convertisse. Quibus litteris circiter media
nocte adlatls, Caesar suos facit certiores, eosque ad pu-

gnandum animo confirmat.

Postero die, cum luce prima m5visset
milia

passuum quattuor progressus

x. periculum:
enter the camp.

litteris:

2.

casu

3.

of trying to

i.e.

...

ad

turn:

i.e.

the

piis

adhaesit

this abl.

trans-

sc.

omnibus

co-

supplied with

multitudinem:
omnem
The whole is obj. of con-

12.

fuml

later.

yet:

through.

cum may be

freely,

vallem ma-

situation.

lit.

ad: against.

10.

epistula.

suam.

vertisse.

late as singular.
7.

re:

9-

caught upon.
6.

esset, trans

freely, from-,

i.e. forte.

castra et circiter

cernebantur:

cf.

the

ren-

dering of videbant, p. 36, I. 7.

quae res cf. quae urbs, p. 44,
:

13.

omnem:

nem:

dubitatio, -onis, p., doubt.

any.

pugnandum: gerund,

14-

anim5:

151.

dubitatio-

firmat

lit.

in mind.

Render

fortifies.

confreely.

16.

movisset

17.

magnam: modifying both

subject,

Caesar.

FIRST LATIN

142
et

gnam

READER

rivum hostium multitudinem

pericull res

cum

Erat magni

vldit.

tantls copils iniquo loco dimicare;

turn,

quoniam obsidione llberatum esse Ciceronem sciebat, de

celeritate aliquid sibi remittendum existimabat
quare con:

sedit, et,

quam aequissimo

loco poterat, castra munivit.

LESSON

115

They are Outgeneraled by Caesar

Postridie hostium equitatus prima luce ad castra accessit,
proeliumque cum nostris equitibus commisit. Caesar au-

tem

imperavit ut cederent consulto seque in castra

reciperent; simul ex omnibus partibus castra altiore vallo
lomunlrT, portas obstrul, omniaque cum simulatione timoris
suls

agi iussit.

Quibus rebus invltatl, hostes copias rivum traduxerunt

turn Caesar,
omnls, aciemque iniquo loco constituerunt
omnibus portls eruptione facta equitatuque emisso, eos
;

vallem and rivum, and agreeing

with the nearer.

a matter.

8.

consulto

9.

altiore

adv.

vallo

not a

new

sc.

rampart, but the old built higher.

turn furthermore.
Gall5rum.
translate the abl.
3. obsidione

10. obstrul: obstruo, 3, -struxi,

simulatione
-structus, block up.
timoris: the purpose of this ma-

res:

2.

copils

"from."

lit.

remittendum

he should relax somewhat

what

neuver

ing sentence.
12.

loco

po-

part.,

in as favorable a position

as he could.

This

fuller

form

show how quam and the

came to mean "as ... as

helps to
super!,

munivit

possible."

cf.

the part.

castra

sc. Caesaris.

invitati

invited

clear

by the follow-

invltatus, -a, -um,

ductis, p. 91,
13.

omnis

1.
:

made

freely,

runt trans rivum;

cf.

bold.

duxeflumen trai.e.

10.

modifier

of

co-

pias.
14.

is

rivum traduxerunt

munitus.
6.

made

quam aequissimo

5.

terat

sibi

aliquid

4.

freely,

cf.

omnibus portis

fenestra, p. 76,

1.

3.

for syntax,

FIRST LATIN READER

143

Longius autem Insequi veritus, quod

paludesque intercedebant, omnibus suls
incolumibus eodem die ad Ciceronem pervenit Turres
Legione producta,
mumtionesque hostium admlratur.
Scognoscit non decimum quemque esse reliquum mllitem
in

celeriter

fugam

dedit.

silvae

qua ex re iudicat quanto

in periculo res
Cicerone militibusque laudatls, centuriones tribusingulos appellat, quorum egregiam fuisse virtutem

sine vulnere;
fuerit.

nosque

De

testimonio Ciceronis cognoverat.

ictae certius ex captlvls cognoscit.

LESSON

casu Sabml et Cot-

116

Arrangements for the Rest of the Winter

Dum

haec

ad Labienum incredibili celeritate de

fama defertur qum etiam, cum ab hlber-

fiunt,

victoria Caesaris

passuum Labienus abesset circiter sexaginta, atque ad Ciceronem post horam n5nam diel Caesar
pervenisset, ante mediam noctem subito ad portas Labieni
castrorum auditus est eorum clamor, qul legato gratularl

nis Ciceronis milia

15

longius: absol. compar.

intercedebant
intercede,

1.

2.

9.
3,

-cessum est, intervene.

omnibus suls incolumibus
abl.
absol.; translate "with."
built by
4. hostium:
freely,
-cessi,

-I,

of

lit.

translation

decimum militem
7.

why

fuerit:
this

etc.

order

n5n quemque

esse reliquum.

subjunctive;

perf.

mood?

Note

carefully

the force of the tense.

8.

egregiam: pred. adj. (egregius, -a, -um, conspicuous).

abl. expresses

cognosce.

n. haec:

non decimum,

testimonium,

The

means; we would say "from."

10. certius
as noun
(neut.
sing.); see the Vocab. under

the enemy.
5.

testimonio:

N., report.

cf.

defertur:

Labienum:

this.

p. 138, 1. 14 ff.
12. fama (-ae, F.)
i.e.

by

report.
natives.
cum:
:

concessive.
15.

ad: before.

16.

eorum

translate

of those.

as pi.

clamor

gratularl

tulor, i, offer congratulation.

gra-

FIRST LATIN

44

READER

At Treverl, qui
volebant, quod hostls Caesar superavisset.
postero die hlberna LabienI oppugnare constituerant, repentlna re perterriti noctu domum celeriter se receperunt.
Postrldie Caesar contione habita mllites confirmavit,

seosque docuit detrhnentum, quod temeritate legati esset

acceptum, aequiore animo esse ferendum, quod beneficio
deorum immortalium et virtute eorum legiones ceterae
conservatae essent neque hostibus diutinum gaudium

Fabium cum legione remisit in hlberna

relinqueretur.
icipse cum tribus legionibus circum Samarobrlvam hiemare
;

constituit
incitati

nam cum

manendum
contione

4.

omnium Gallorum ad bellum

hiemem sibi apud exercitum

animi

totam

viderentur,

arbitrabatur.
habita

i.e.

in

Cicero's camp.
5. temeritate: translate the abl.

"

i.e. Sabini.
legati
through."
esset acceptum: for mood, cf.
admoveantur, p. 61, 1. 14.

the gods with the (earthly) life of

eorum
men.
i.e. the soldiers
:

addressed.
8.

aequiore animo esse

6.

dum

i.e.

should be

feren-

taken

the

lit. what?
immortalium:
immortalis,
In passages
immortal.
-e,

9.

the

-is,

like the present, the

use of this

formal and conventional

properly, it contrasts the life of
adj.

is

etc.

Fabium,

map on

see

-a,
(-1,

-um,
N.):

again

p. 124.

n. cum:

more philosophically;
7.

diutinum diutinus,

gaudium
long-continued.
exultation (cf. gaude5).

causal.

totam hiemem:
usually
this was not necessary, the winter months being normally a season of rest from active field serv12.

ice

(seep. 123,

1.

ff.).

AN AFRICAN CAMPAIGN

LESSON

"

117

war which broke out between Caesar and Pompey

was fighting in
the
parts of the civilized world, and more than once Africa was

During the

civil

four or five years after the events above narrated, there

all

battleground.

Caesar lands a Force in Africa

Interim C. Curio duas legiones, D equites, ex Sicilia in
Africam transportavit. Ubi eius adventum L. Caesar cum

decem

longis navibus exspectabat

qui autem,

cum

classis

navium multitudmem
conspectum
Htus
ad
trireme, pedibus Hasveritus, appulsa
proximum
naves
drumetum fugit quo
quoque eius reliquae, fuga
Curionis in

venisset,

ducis cognita, statim se receperunt.

Curio Marcium Rufum cum classe

Ipse eodem cum

exercitu proficlscitur

logressus, ad flumen

Bagradam

Uticam

praemittit.

triduique iter proIbi C. Camnium

pervenit.
;

relinquit
ipse cum equitatu
antecedit ad Castra Cornelia exploranda, qui locus peridoneus castrls existimabatur.

Rebilum legatum legionesque

1.

C.

Curi5

D.

generals.

one of Caesar's

the numeral

sup-

ply -que or et with this clause.

2.

Caesar

L.

an

officer

syntax, see the note on p. 79, 1. 21.

6. quo: the adv.
fuga: defection.

in

8.

veritus:

reme:

sc.

galley}.
" on foot "
que, p.

triappalled at.
sua (triremis, -is, F.,
pedibus: we would say
;

59,

consult the

cf.
1.

Uticam

the base of opera-

tions of

Pompey's navy.
5.

manibus genibus-

8.

Hadrumetum

map on

p. 146;

for

9.

Pompey's forces in Africa.

proficlscitur: from Anquil-

laria.

12.

antecedit:

antecedo,

3,

-cessum est, push ahead,

lit.
qui locus: cf.
go on ahead.
quae urbs, p. 44, 1. 13.
perido-cessi,

'45

FIRST LATIN READER

146

INTER

Apollinls Prom.

\*

*.."
-.

'ar-

>S i

/y

n M

Prom.Merourii

s
Anquillaria

Cornelia
\

Carthaginiensis

THE SCENE OF CURIO'S CAMPAIGN DT AFRICA.

FIRST LATIN

READER

147

Hac

explorata regione, Curio Uticae quoque munitiones

speculatus est; cumque animadvertisset plenissimis viis

undique portari agique multa, quae repentlni tumultus

timore ex agris in urbem conferebantur, equitatum mlsit,
ut praeda msperata potiretur. Simul ex urbe emissi sunt

DC

equites Numidae, qul agricolis

essent. Concurrunt equites inter se ;

auxilio

fugientibus

neque vero pnmum

ferre poterant, sed interfectis

impetum nostrorum Numidae

circiter CXX reliqui se in urbem contulerunt.

LESSON

118

Operations about Utica

10

Interim Marcius naves longas Uticam deduxerat cuius

adventu cognito, Curio pronuntiari iussit onerarils, quae
;

portu ad ancoram stabant numero circiter CC, se in

hostium loco habiturum omnes, quT non statim ad Castra

in

Cornelia navis traduxissent.

15

mora

sine

Qua

pronuntiatione facta,

omnes reliquerunt Uticam et,

transierunt. Quae res omnium rerum

sublatls ancorls

quo imperatum

erat,

copia exercitum nostrum complevit.

neus
able

particularly suitthe note on perpaucos,

(-a, -urn)
;

p. 25,
2.

cf.
1.

10.

plenissimis

congested.

"along";
3.

viis

plenus, -a, -um,

translate the abl.
:

cf.

semita, p. 103,!. 17.

cf. the note
portari agique
:

on rapere
4.

et agere, p. 49,

timore

1.

8.

Insperata:

msperatus,

-a,

-um, unexpected.

Numidae: with

7.

neque: cf. p. 127, 1.

Marcius: see p. 145,

adj. force.
16.
1.

cf. p.

128, 1.5

12. numero:
for syntax,
cf.
in hostium
animo, p. 37, 1. 20.
loco habiturum: would regard as
lit. what?
omnes: masc.

enemies-,
13.

i.e.
the onerariae
14. navis
traduxissent i.e. across
of 1. 1 1
For
the harbor (see the map).
.

mood and
tus, p. 107,

6.

10.

pronuntiari

freely, in the panic

strictly, abl. of cause.

5.

n.

note the final vowel.

8.

tense,
1.

3.

esset perrup-

cf.

pronuntiatione

pronuntiatio, -onis,

F.,

ment.
16.

quo: the adv.

announce-

FIRST LATIN

148

His rebus

READER

Curio se in castra ad Bagradam

gestis,

recipit,

posteroque die exercitum Uticam ducit et prope oppidum

Nondum opere castrorum perfecto, equites
castra ponit.

ex statione nuntiant

magna auxilia equitum peditumque a

luba
missa
Uticam venire; eodemque tempore vis
Srege
magna pulveris cernebatur, et temporis puncto prlmum
agmen erat in conspectu. Qua re nova Curio permotus
equites suos praemittit, qul prlmum impetum sustineant;
ab opere deductis legionibus, aciem mstruit.

ipse, celeriter

LESSON

119

Curio gains an Initial Advantage

cum

Interim equites

10

hostibus proelium commiserunt

et,

priusquam legiones plane explicari possent, tota auxilia

regis, quae nullo ordine et sine metu iter faciebant, in fugam
Equites hostium per

coniecta sunt.

litus in oppidum propeautem

numerus
interfectus est.
raverunt, peditum
magnus
Proxima
nocte
centuriones
duo
ex
castrls
Curionis cum
15
ad
suls
duobus
et
Attium
Varum pervlgintl
manipularibus
cui
exercitus
animos
conformant totlus
alienos esse
fugiunt
;

i.
1.

10.

ad Bagradam: cf. p. 145,

In connection with in castra,

translate " at the

ad T. Labienum
P-

1-

33>

3.
4.

F.,

auxilia: auxiliary forces.

luba:
to

of

king

Pompey
venire:

if.).

eodem

quare ad.
i.e.

cf.

opere: i.e. construction.

statione:
static, -onis,

friendly
1.

"

in hiberna,

3-

outpost.
5.

Bagrada

...

Numidia,

6.

7.

12. sine metu: evidently they

had not heard of Curio's arrival in

Africa.
13-

16.

tempore:

oppidum: i.e. Utica.

Varum:
Attium
com-

mander of the Pompeian

forces

at Utica.

cernebatur:
1.

9. opere:
(the work of) construction (cf. 1. 3).
xi. legiones: sc. Curionis.

appropin-

p.

simul.

p. 141,

147,

(cf.
i.e.

a moment (punctum, -I, N., point)

prlmum agmen vanguard', lit.
what ?

cf.

cernebantur,
in

temporis puncto

17.

alienos

...

affected toward.

a: freely,

dis-

FIRST LATIN

READER

149

a Curione, multosque facultate data libenter esse transituros.

Qua oratione adductus Varus postero die mane legiones ex
Facit idem Curio, atque una valle non
castrls educit.

magna

interposita suas uterque copias Instruit.

Van legatus quldam, cui not! erant

Erat in exercitu

Hanc

multl Curionis mllites.

nactus appellationis cau-

ille

sam, circumire aciem Curionis atque omnes hortarl coepit,

ut Varum sequerentur quin etiam praemium pollicitus est,
;

si

10 in

qul ad

eum transire

voluissent.

partem ab exercitu Curionis

fit

His verbls

auditis,

significatio,

atque

nullam
suas

ita

uterque copias reducit.

LESSON
He
At

maintains his

Armys

in castrls Curionis animi

que enim ad

id,

120

quod ab

Loyalty

omnium

Caesar

to

solliciti

erant; quis-

alio audierat, aliquid sui timoris

addebat.
15

Consilio convocato, duae sententiae dictae sunt.

qul castra
i.

Van

statim

facultate data

oppugnanda censerent

translate as a

esse transiconditional clause.

turos: i.e. will desert (to Varus).
3.

castris

built

the city walls.

outside

just

educit: educo, 3,

-duxl, -ductus, lead

idem

out.

note the gender.

as noun.
4. uterque

accosting (them).
excuse {for).
8.

Varum

causam:

freely,

sequerentur i.e. join

the army of Varus.
9. si qui: if any (noun); cf.
the note on quid, p. 56, 1. i
\

autem

voluissent:

esset pernullam in
ruptus, p. 107, 1. 3.
partem: see the Vocab. under pars,
10.

cf.

willing',

significatio (-onis, F.)

sign.

with the loyalty of Cutroops still a matter of doubt.

ita

12.

appellatio,
-onis, F., accosting; translate here

appellationis

Varum.

i.e.

were

freely,

rio's

6.

eum:

Erant

alter!

i.e.

solliciti

unsettled.
13.

ad

sollicitus, -a,

quisque

quod
suum,

id,

sui:

cf.

syntax

of

the

freely, to

p.

gen.

1.

what,

L 6;

for

phrase,

cf.

II,

glSriae, p. 107, 1. 17.

16. censerent: cf. the

erant qui, p. 109,

i.e. the other
party.

-um,

noun.

5.

note on
alteri

FIRST LATIN READER

optimum factu existimabant

in Castra Cornelia legiones reducere, ut maiore spatio temporis interposito militum mentes
sanarentur, simul ut exercitus, si proelio victus esset, in
Siciliam facile transportarl posset.
Curio tamen " Neutrum

"

consilium," inquit,
probo neque enim tanti sum animi, ut
castra tam munita temere oppugnanda censeam, neque tant!
;

timoris,

ut

omnia prius

statim dimittam, atque

spem

ex-

perienda arbitror."

Quare, dimisso
10

contionem advocat militum

consilio,

quorum animos

verbis confirmat, docetque quid sit causae,

cur sibi Caesarique fideles sint.
Qua oratione perm5ti milites

eum

etiam dicentem interpellabant, discedentem vero

ex condone universi cohortantur ut

dubitet proelium committere et

magno

animo neve

sit

suam fidem virtutemque

15 experiri.

factu:

1.

cf.

126,

p.

17;

1.

omit here in translating.

2. maiore: absol. compar.
msntes mens, mentis, f.^ feeling^
lit. mind.
:

sanarentur:

3.

pass.,

sano,

heal,

I,

simul

become normal.

i.e.

neuter,

-tra,

meaning here and on

prius

7.

127,

i.e.

contionem

vocat: advocd,
10. verbis
:

causae

i,

p. 149,

n.

sint:

kept interrupting
discedentem sc.
:

conti5ne:

13.

magno
4,

the note

freely,
.

animo

on

the

meeting.

one

and

all.

for syntax, cf.

p. 135,

2.

1.

and

neve:

cf. neque
not to (ne + ve)
(in sense = non + qus)
14. fidem: loyalty ; cf. fideles,
;

assembly.

ad-

call together.

what grounds ;

(interpello,

universi:

experior,

sc. suis.

be-,

12. eum:
i.e.
Curionem.
etiam dicentem translate this and
the following part, by clauses.

15.

16.

1.

they should

lit.

translate the clause freely.

the
1.

before giving up

experienda
hope.
expertus sum, try.
9.

sui timoris, p. 149,

eum.

-trum, neither (of two)

contrast
5. consilium:
cf. p.

cf.

interpellabant:

furthermore.
4. neutrum:

neque:

of the gen.,
I.i 3

quid

1.
.

for syntax

ii.
15.

cf. 1. 7.

experiri:

make

trial of]

FIRST LATIN READER

LESSON
The Pompeians

151

121

Second Reverse

suffer a

Quibus rebus conflrmatus Curio

cum prlmum

constituit,

esset data potestas, proelio rem committere

postrldieque
milites productos eodem loco, quo ante constiterant, in acie
;

collocavit.
5

duxit, ne, si

Qu5 animadverso, Varus quoque copias proaequo loco daretur occasio, dimicandl facultatem

dlmitteret.

Erat valles inter duas acies, ut supra demonstratum est,

ita magna, at difficili et arduo ascensu.
Hanc uterque

non

adversariorum copiae translre conarentur, exspectabat,

10 quo aequiore loco proelium ipse committeret.
Postremo
si

equites in vallem descendere coeperunt. Ad eos Curio

equitatum et duas cohortes mittit quorum prlmum impetum
equites hostium non ferunt, sed admissis equls ad suos re-

Van

fugiunt.
15

Qua

re animadversa, legiones se sequl iubet Curio, et

omnibus cum copiis in vallem confestim descendit; interim autem hostes, veritl ne ab equitatu circumvenirentur,
terga vertunt universl, ac

summa

celeritate se in castra

recipiunt.
2.

esset data:

p. 104,
3.

1.

18.

eodem

collocavit,

1.

cf.

exspectassent,

proelio: dat. case.

loco: construe with

4.

quo: antecedent,

9.

cf.

itself.

7.
8.

duus,

i.e.

-a,

-um, steep.

ascensu:

hanc
ascensus, -us, M., slope.
uterque:
object of transire, 1. 9.
each (commander}.
:

ad-

hope that.

adversaril, -rrum, M.,

exspectabat:

interpellabant, p. 150,!. 12.

10.

should present
dimicandl: gerund.
supra namely, p. 149, 1. 3 ff.
ita: so very.
ardu5
ardaretur:

the opposing party.

loco.
5.

si: in the

versariorum

quo:

cf.

the note

on p.

101,

1.14.
13.

hostium:

admissis

i.e.

Varus' party.

admissus, -a, -um,

part., let go, i.e. at full speed.
17. equitatu: sc. Curionis (cf.
1.

12).
18.

p. 149,

castra:
1.

3.

cf.

the

note

on

FIRST LATIN READER

152

LESSON
Narrow Escape of

122

their

Commander

fuga Fabius Paelignus, miles qiridam ex Curionis

exercitu, agmen fugientium consecutus, magna voceVaru m

Qua

ita

in

nomine

appellavit, ut

unus esse ex eius militibus

umerum apertum

Fabius eius

gladio appetiit.

Quod

perlculum sublato scuto vltavit Fabius autem a

militibus circumventus interficitur.
;

10

et velle

Ubi autem Varus saepius appelaliquid dicere videretur.

latus constitit, et quis esset aut quid vellet quaesivit, turn
pi

ille

oximis

Interim fugientium multitudine portae castrorum completae sunt, atque iter erat ita impeditum, ut plures in eo

vulnere

loco sine

quam

in proelio aut fuga interirent

nonnulli vero erant adeo perterritl, ut protinus

per castra in oppidum ipsum contenderent.

eodem cursu
At Curionis

ad proelium egress!, secum nullam copiam portaveearum rerum, quae ad oppugnationem castrorum erant

mllites,
15

rant

Itaque Curio exercitum turn in castra reducit.

Cuius discessu vulnerati e castris hostium in oppidum

usui.

reducuntur; quo quidem tempore multi praeterea per

simulationem vulnerum propter metum eodem sese recipi1.

in: during.

2.

fugientium:

4.

saepius: absol. compar.

aut: cf. the note on p.

5.

128,

1.

13.
sc.

hostium.

7.

6. apertum:
unprotected, i.e.
the right.
ille
Varus.
7. scuto
scutum, -i, N., shield.
:

10.

iter:

12.

cursu

i.e.

ipsum: proper.
proelium: a battle (in the
sc. ex castris;
egress!
open).
translate the part, by a relative
14.

clause.
16.

turn

17.

discessu

wound in-

18.

by the enemy.

ing.

adeo:
the adv.
eodem
without stopping.

shelter.

i.e.

castra: see again the note

p. 149,!. 3.

translate

roadway.

sine vulnere

11.

flicted

on

19.

for
:

the time being.

abl. of

time

when

"on."

quidem: omit in
per

freely,

eodem:

translat-

under.

adv., to the

same

FIRST LATIN READER

153

SCUTA

This

illustration,

taken from the carvings on the column of

Trajan (see page 40) shows

,

how Roman

soldiers,

by locking

their

shields (scuta), formed a solid roof over their heads as they came
up under a wall from which the enemy were sending down a

shower of

missiles.

FIRST LATIN

154

READER

re animadversa exercitusque timore cognito,

bucinatore
Varus,
tabernacullsque paucls in castris ad
tertia
speciem relictls,
vigilia reliquum quoque exercitum

unt.

Qua

silentio in

oppidum

reducit.

LESSON
King Juba marches

123

to the

Relief of Varus

Postridie eius diel Curio obsidere Uticam coepit.

Sed
iam ad urbem perveniunt a rege luba nuntil, qui ilium adesse magnis cum copils dlcant oppidanosque de defensione
Nuntiabantur haec eadem Curiom. Ille
urbis hortentur.
tamen prlm5 regem nihil contra se ausurum existimabat
icsed ubi certior est factus copias lubae ab Utica minus
5

qulnque et vlginti mllia passuum abesse, relictls munltionibus sese in Castra Cornelia recepit.
Hue comportare
ad
obsidionem
sustinendam
usui erant.
omnia,
quae
coepit

Dum

ex oppidanls perfugls audivit lubam

revocatum, et Saburram, eius praefectum,
copils Uticae appropinquare.
Quo audito,

haec

fiunt,

15 alio bello esse

parvls

cum

consilium temere mutavit, proelioque

2.

bucinatore

12.

bucinator, -oris,

rem committere
Castra Cornelia

map on

con-

see again

ad speciem: i.e.
M., trumpeter.
to keep up the appearance of occu-

the

pancy.

obsidionem of the same derivation as the verb obsidere, 1. 5.

with adj. force,
14. perfugls

5.

omnia

all sorts

of

things.

eius diel:

omit in translat-

The gen. depends upon the

ing.
die which enters into the composition of postridie.
6.

13.

p. 146.

luba

148,1.5.
8. haec eadem: neut.

on

p.

trans-

deliberately fabricated, the "desertions" from the city having been

the

planned for the express purpose

of deceiving Curio.

late as singular.
10. minus
less (than)
use of amplius, p. 101, 1. 3.
:

abl. of means.
15. alio bellS
Apparently this item of news regarding Juba's movements was
:

see the note

deserting.

cf.

FIRST LATIN

READER

155

Quare equitatum omnem prlma nocte ad castra

quT hostis necopmantes adortus,
praemittit
occidit.
numerum
eorum
Quo facto, ad Curionem
magnum
stituit.

Saburrae

eum

equites redeunt captivosque ad

LESSON
The Numidians
5

reducunt.

124

resort to Strategy

Curio, cohortibus quinque castris praesidio relictls, omcum copils quarta vigilia profectus, sex mllia passuum

nibus

iam ipse progressus

etiam celerius
esse,
10

erat.

iter fecit

Qui, victoria equitatus cognita,

lubam enim credebat longe ab-

exiguasque Saburrae copias facile se opprimere posse

exlstimabat.

Interim autem luba (cuius de discessu falso erat nun-

baud longe aberat), de nocturne proelio

duo mllia equitum eamque peditum partem,

tiatum, qufque iam

certior factus,

maxime

confldebat, Saburrae subsidio mittit, ipseque

15 cum reliquls copils elepbantlsque sexaginta lenius subsequitur.
Suspicatus brevi Curionem ipsum adfore, Saburra
cui

equitum

copias

peditumque statim

Instruxit

atque

els

imperavit ut simul atque nostrl in conspectum venissent,

simulatione timoris paulatim cederent.
20

Quo
i.

11.

facto, hostes

ad:

i.e.

fugere Curio ratus legiones de collibus

to attack.

adv., lit. falsely]

render the clause freely.
12. qulque:
nocturno proelio
14.

-fisus

i.e.
:

see

confidebat:

sum, with

qui
1.

que.

futurum

if.

3,

18.

(upon},

mum.

confido,

dat.,r<?/x

subsidio: dat. of service.

15.

elephantls: elephantus,

M., elephant.

16. suspicatus
translate as a
ipsum: as contrasted
present.
with his cavalry, which had already
adfore: i.e. adbeen in action.
:

falso:

-I,

esse.

simul atque:
venissent:

i.e.

cf.

cum

pri-

the note

on

exspectassent, p. 104,!. 18.

19. simulati5ne: translate the
abl.

"with."

FIRST LATIN READER

156

in planitiem deduxit
sus,

Turn

confecto iam

longius esset inde progresexercitu, Ioc5 inlquo constitit.

cumque

labore

signum subito dat Saburra aciemque

Peditatu prlmo ad speciem tantum utitur, equites
nostram inmittit.
suis

LESSON
Curio's

Repentma

re

Army

is

explicat.

aciem

in

125

Annihilated

minime permotus Curio ordines circumiit

mllitesque hortatus est ut spem omnem in virtute ponerent.

Hi prlmo fortissime dimicabant sed hostes, qui numero
;

longe erant superiores, mox aciem nostram circumventam

10 a tergo adoriri coeperunt.
Turn Curio, ubi perterritls omnibus cohortationes suas non audiri intellexit,
esse

15

unam

salutis

colles capere at-

spem reliquam arbitratus, proximos

Sed hos quoque praeoccupat
que eo slgna ferre iussit.
missus a Saburra equitatus.
Turn vero ad summam desperationem nostrl perveniunt,
et Cn. Domitius, praefectus equitum, cum paucls equitibus
circumsistens,

Curionem orat ut fuga petat salutem,

ab eo non discessurum

pollicetur.

1. longius:
absol.
compar.
inde: i.e. from the point where
he had left the hills.

2.

cdnfecto:

construe

with

8.

prlmo the adv.

dimicabant: kept up the
:

fight.
9.

12.

cohortationes:

cohortatio,

exhortation.

F.,

chance.
capere
as subject, suos may

spem:

make for;

the adv.
13. eo
slgna: see
the notes on pp. 130, 1. i,and 131,
1. 1 6.
hos i.e. colles.
:

circumventam: translate as

circumvenerunt eamque.
10. a tergo: cf. p. 78,]. 18.
omnibus: noun, forming an abl.
absol. with perterritls.
if

n.
-onis,

se,

be supplied.

exercitu.
4.

et se

At Curio numquam

15.

desperationem: desperatio,

-onis, F., despair.

18.
se, etc.:

numquam

direct discourse

firmat, p. 157,

the in-

depends upon con-

1.

2.

FIRST LATIN READER

157

amisso exercitu quern a Caesare accepisset, in eius conspectum rediturum confirmat, atque ita pugnans interficitur.

proelio equites nostrl perpauci eff ugerunt quibuscum

equorum reficiendortim causa in itinere paulum
;

nonnulli, qui
5

morati erant, fuga totius exercitus procul animadversa,

columes

Pedites ad

in castra se contulerunt.

in-

unum omnes

interfecti sunt.

4.

reficiendorum

-fed, -fectus, refresh.

reficio,

3,

6.

castra

Castra Cornelia.

i.e.

the

camp

at

SELECTED PASSAGES FROM LATIN

PROSE AUTHORS
AN EPISODE FROM THE GALLIC WAR
(Caesar,

DC

Bella Gallico, VI,

LESSON

7,

8)

126

Though disconcerted for the time being by Caesar's decisive victory

over the Nervii (Lesson 115), the Treveri subsequently more than
once threatened the winter camp of Labienus (cf. Lessons 112 and 116,
and see the map on page

24)

Dum

haec a Caesare geruntur, Treveri magnls coactis

peditatus equitatusque copils Labienum cum una legione,
quae in eorum flnibus hiemabat, adorirl parabant iamque
ab eo non longius bldui via aberant, cum duas venisse
;

Positis castrls a
legiones missu Caesaris cognoscunt.
mllibus passuum xv, auxilia Germanorum exspectare constituunt.

Labienus

eorum
1.

hostium cognito consilio, sperans temeritate

fore aliquam dlmicandi facultatem, praesidio qulnque

haec:

i.e.

in the narrative

extract

una

4.

with

is

from which

scunt

this

1.

taken.

cum:

2.

events mentioned

"and."

a journey,

commemorant,
as

adv.,

135,

p.

away

(with

degree of difference).

temeritate:
temere.
8.

the one.

the compar.
venisse:
to reenforce Labienus.

cf.

a:

abl. of

translate

via: than

6.

cf.

the

adv.

on their part.
9. eorum:
dimicandi i.e. before the Germans
should arrive.
repraesidio

abl.
i.e.

missu: missus, -us, M., lit.

order.
here,
cogndsending;

licto

5.

abl. absol.

quinque cohor-

tium: (consisting) of five cohorts.

158

FIRST LATIN

READER

159

cohortium impediments relicto, cum xxv cohortibus magnoque equitatu contra hostem proficlscitur, et mille passuum
Erat inter Labienum

intermisso spatio castra communit.

atque hostem difficill transitu flumen rlplsque praeruptls.

Hoc neque ipse transire habebat in animo neque hostes
transituros existimabat.
Augebatur auxiliorum cotidie
spes.
Loquitur in consilio palam, quoniam German! apsese

dicantur,

propinquare

suas

exercitusque

fortunas

dubium non devocaturum, et postero die prltna luce ca10 stra moturum.
Celeriter haec ad hostes deferuntur, ut ex
Gallorum
magno
equitatus numero nonnullos Gallicls rebus
in

favere natura cogebat.

LESSON

127

The Enemy are Deceived and become Overconfident

Labienus noctu tribunis mllitum primisque ordinibus
sit consill, proponit et, quo facilius

convocatis, quid sul

1. impediments
at this time
Labienus had charge of the heavy
baggage of Caesar s entire army.
2. hostem:
sing, for pi., as
:

mille

in English.
adj.,
3.

indeclinable

relicto

enemy).

between him and the

communit: communio,

intrench.
4.

passage

(cf.

praeruptus,

transitus, -us, M.,

transeo)
-a,

praeruptls

-um, rugged.
for
namely,

1.

6.
8.

quoniam: inasmuch
suas

he

fortunas

as.
i.e.

ut

10.

castra

call.

lit.

will fall
:

moturum

ex

back.

inasmuch

as.

out of.

n. Gallorum:
note on
rebus
13.

the
spes
Treveri.
loquitur: subject, Labienus.
consilio: as on p. 126,
7.

bring-,

from among

transitu:

exercitusque

of the army.
9. dubium: i.e. periculum; lit.
what?
devocaturum: devoco, i,
(that)

i.e.

(namely,
4,

here as genitive.
intermisso
i.e.

suam salutem.

the

freely, recruited

Gauls

139, 1. 10).
the Gallic cause.
p.

ordinibus:

i.e.

(cf.

centuri5nibus.

quid sui sit c5nsili

his plan involves ; lit. what ?
14.

consill, cf.

Standisi, p. 16,
proponit: i.e. ostendit.

see the note on p.

the

Gallicls

101,

1.

what
(for
1.

4).

quo:
14.

FIRST LATIN READER

i6o
'

hostibus timoris det susplcionem, maiore strepitu et tumultu,

popull Romanl fert consuetude, castra mover! iubet.

His rebus fugae similem profectionem efficit. Haec quoque per exploratores ante lucem in tanta propinquitate
castrorum ad hostes deferuntur.
Vix agmen novissimum extra munltiones processerat,

quam

cum

cohortatl

Galll

inter

ne speratam praedam ex
esse, perterritls Romanis,

se,

manibus dimitterent

longum

Germanorum auxilium

exspectare, neque

suam

pati digni-

lotatem ut tantis copils tarn exiguam manum, praesertim

flumen
fugientem atque impeditam, adorirl n5n audeant
transire et inlquo loco committere proelium non dubitant.
Quae fore suspicatus Labienus, ut omnes citra flumen

eadem usus simulatione

eliceret,
15

itineris

placide progre-

diebatur.
namely, on his part.

1.

timoris

2.

fert: calls for.

3.

similem

pred. adj.

haec

matter
the
(between
dashes) until the rest of the sentence is clear.

thetical

neut.

ut:

10.

per freely, by; cf. p. 141, 1. 9.

in tanta propinquitate freely, on
account of the close proximity
4.

1.

that;

dependent

tantis copils

pati.

see p.

on
158,

I.

(propinquitas, -atis, F., nearness}.

n. fugientem atque impeditam modifying manum, 1. 10.

agmen novissimum: nameWith this

ly, of Labienus army.
phrase cf. primum agmen, p. 148,

flumen: see p. 159, 1. 3 if.

fore:
13. quae: neut., this.
supplying here a future infinitive for

6.

1.

6.

-cessl,

processerat

-cessum est
inter se

8.

longum esse

less (lit. too long).

discourse

is

3,

advance.
freely, one another.

7.

precede,

it was needThe indirect

due to the idea of say-

Do
ing implied in cohortatl, 1. 7.
not attempt to translate this paren-

ut:

fio.

depending on progreomnes: them

14.
prep., to the near

diebatur, 1.
all.
citra:

to his side of.

side of,

i.e.

14.
neris :

usus

adv

here,

keeping
retreat.

itiup.
placide

pr5grediebatur
steadily.
continued to move on.
.

FIRST LATIN READER

LESSON

161

128

They are Decisively Beaten

Turn praemissis paulum impediments atque

quodam

"

Habetis," inquit, "milites,

collocatis,

facultatem
praestate

hostem impedlto atque imquo loco

eandem nobis ducibus

quam

virtutem,

tumulo

in

quam

petlstis

tenetis

saepenu-

Smero imperaton praestitistis, atque ilium adesse et haec

coram cernere existimate." Simul sigha ad hostem convertl
aciemque derigl iubet paucis turmis praesidio ad impedimenta dimissls reliquos equites ad latera disponit.
Celeriter nostrl clamore sublato plla in hostes inmittunt.
;

ubi praeter spem, quos modo fugere credebant, Infestls

slgnfs ad se ire viderunt, impetum ferre non potuerunt, ac
prlmo concursu in f ugam coniecti proximas silvas petiverunt.

10 111!

Quos Labienus
15

magno numero

equitatu consectatus,

inter-

fecto, compluribus captis, paucls post diebus civitatem

Nam German!, qui auxilio veniebant, percepta
recepit.

Treverorum fuga, sese

tumulo:

1.

tumulus,

domum
-I,

M.,

hillock.

inquit ; subject,
milites: voc. case.

facultatem

quam
4.

i.e.

8.

ad: on.

10.

praeter:

spem

petlvistis.

nobis ducibus

i.e.

me

duce

saepenuvery common.
mero: i.e. saepe; strictly, numero
is abl. of specification.
is

imperatori: freely, before the

eyes

of your commander in chief

(i.e.

Caesar).

haec: this action.

coram:

adv., in person.
videre.
signa ...

6.

cernere

i.e.

i.e.

peti-

quam

The use of the first

(abl. absol.)
pi. for the corresponding

5.

derigl

Instrui (derigo,

3, -rexi, -rectus).

earn facultatem

person

ing,

convertl: a signal to change front.

7.

Labienus.

2.

stis

receperunt.

i.e.

expectation.

contrary to.
quos sup:

ply as antecedent, e5s, those (subject of ire, 1. 1 1).

n. ad ...

ire: trzzly,

advanc-

ac
freely, but.
ing upon.
12. concursu:
concursus,
:

M., clash (cf.

13.

-us,

COLCUTO).

consectatus:

consector,

I,

follow up.
15.

recepit: sc. in deditidnem.

percepta.

i.e.

3, -cepi, -ceptus).

cognita (percipio,

FIRST LATIN READER

162

SIGNA

With these standards compare those shown

in the illustrations

on page 132.

Flags (vexilla) were used for giving signals, and to

differentiate small bodies of troops.
In the matter of inspiring
loyalty

among

the men, their effect was in general very slight as

that of the flag in modern armies.

compared with

AN EPISODE FROM THE CIVIL WAR

(Caesar,

De

Bello Civlli, III, 95-98)

LESSON

129

49 B.C., Caesar marched some of his troops south into Italy,

civil war between himself and Pompey
(cf. the
episode in Lessons 117-125), Pompey was taken by surprise, and re-

When,

in

and thus precipitated the

In the decisive battle of Pharsalus, fought there in

tired into Greece.
the following year, Caesar gained the first advantage, driving the Pompeians back to the shelter of their ramparts.

Caesar, Pompeianis ex fuga intra vallum compulsis,

nullum spatium perterritis dari oportere existimans, milites
cohortatus est ut benefici5 Fortunae uterentur castraque

nam ad
oppugnarent.
QuI, etsl magno aestu fatlgati
meridiem res erat perducta
tamen ad omnem laborem
animo

paratl, imperio paruerunt.

Castra a cohortibus, quae ibi praesidio erant relictae, Industrie defendebantur, multo etiam acrius a Thracibus

barbarisque
10 et

animo

auxiliis.

vallum:

1.

Nam

i.e.

of their

own

camp.
2.
ritis

qui ex acie refrigerant milites,

perterriti et lassitudine confecti, missis plerique

spatium:

respite.

perter-

modifying els, supplied.

dari oportere
should be allowed
:

6. animo abl. of specification

;
translate freely.
7. castra:
namely, of PomIndustrie adv., energetically.
pey.
:

(oportet, 2, -uit,
lit. it

4.

heat.

g.

aestus,

fatlgati:

i.e.

-us,

...

M.,

defessl (fa-

10.

midday.

and

-que:
milites:

acie:

tigo, i).

meridiem:
5
here,
res: engagement.

construe

with

acrius.

impersonal verb,

is fitting).

aestu:

multo

8.

i.e.

(cf.

dlmitto)

qui

milites, qui.

proelio.

lassitudine

lassitude, -inis,

missis: discarded

F., -weariness.

163

(other).
el

i.e.

plerique

freely,

FIRST LATIN READER

1 64

armis sigmsque militaribus, magis de reliqua fuga quam

de castrorum defensione cogitabant. Neque vero diutius,
qul in vallo constiterant, multitudinem telorum sustinere
potuerunt, sed confecti vulneribus locum rellquerunt,
5

protinusque omnes, ducibus usi centurionibus tribunisque

militum, in altissimos montes, qul ad castra pertinebant,
confugerunt.
castrls

Caesar,

potitus,

contendit

militibus

ne,

in

praeda occupati, reliqui negotl gerendl facultatem dimitloterent.

Qua re impetrata, montem opere circummunlre
mstituit.

LESSON

130

Unconditional Surrender of the Pompeians

Pompeiani, quod is mons erat sine aqua, diffisi el locd,

monte, universl iugis eius Larlsam versus se recipere
coeperunt Qua re animadversa, Caesar copias suas divisit,
relicto

in the majority of cases ; the

with

agrees
sense

it

belongs with

Be

absol.

rendering of this
matic throughout.
-e, lit.

the

3.

absol. compar.
in vallo
i.e. to defend

4.

locum:

5.

(their}
ducibus usi
:

it.

lit.

confugerunt:

i.e.

petivit.

i.e.

xi.

circummunio,
instituit:

circummu-

4,

i.e.

girdle.

coepit

(In-

stituo, 3, -stitui, -stitutus) .

12. diffisi : diffldo, 3, -fisus

sum,
with dat., lack confidence (in),
13. iugls
iugum, -I, N., ridge ;
"
translate the abl. " along
(way by
Laeius
i.e.
montis.
which).
:

having

confugio,

rlsam: a town

posts.

(as) leaders ; translate freely.

6. altissimos:
absol. superl.
7.

montem

nire

-is,

signa mllitaria is
" standexpression for

diutius

10.

militaris,

usually the adj. is omitted.

de reliqua fuga: i.e. about resuming their flight.
2.

with in and the ace., take

refuge (upon).
8. contendit:

sentence idio-

the

military,

full

ards"

the abl.

make

-fugl,

had finally assembled.

militaribus:

x.

in

the particular
height upon which the Pompeians

to

careful

word

though

milites,

3,

some miles

north,

toward which Pompey had already

fled,

making

translate as

versus

for the sea.

if

ad

....

the note on p. 79,

1.

versus

21).

(cf.

FIRST LATIN READER

165

partemque legidnum in castris Pompei remanere iussit,

partem in sua castra remisit, IV secum legiones duxit,
commodioreque itinere Pompeianls occurrere coepit, et
progressus mllia passuum VI, aciem Instruxit. Qua re
5 animadversa, PompeianI in quodam monte constiterunt
Hunc montem flumen subluebat. Caesar mllites cohortatus,
etsi totius diel continent! labore erant confectl noxque iam
suberat, tamen munitione flumen a monte seclusit, ne noctu
aquarl PompeianI possent.
10

Quo

perfecto opere,

illl

de deditione missis legatls agere

PaucI ordinis senatoril, qui se cum his conCaesar prlma

iunxerant, nocte fuga salutem petiverunt.
luce omnes eos, qui in monte consederant, ex superioribus
coeperunt.

descendere atque arma proicere iussit.

ubi
sine
recusatione
fecerunt, passlsque palmls proQuod
iectl ad terram flentes ab eo salutem petiverunt, consolatus
locls in planitiem

15

consurgere iussit et pauca apud eos de lenitate sua locutus,

quo minore essent timore, omnes conservavit.
1.

Pompei:

cf.

Standisi, p. 16,

1.

the

4.

note on
remanere:

remaneo, 2, -mansl, -mansum est,

remain.
2. sua note the position.
i.e. than the
3. commodiore:
route taken by the enemy.

-um, senatorial ; the highest order

in the Roman state (cf. the note

on p.

subluebat:

wash

7.

subluo, 3,

the base of.

as

continent!:

8.

suberat
-esse,

i.e.

10.

se-

1 1

17.

senatoril

senatorius,

-a,

18.

more

3,

them.

palmls

F.)

-ae,

forward.
lives.

(their}

sc. eos.
:

i.e.

-surrexi,
:

surgere
-surrectum

in their hearing,

lenitate:

lenitas,

humaneness.

quo: note the compar. in

timinore

clause.
:

i.e.

consurgere

-atis, p.,

recusatio, -onis,

freely, falling

apud eos

to

i.e.

the

agere.

^hePom-

noctu.
:

(palma,

salutem

(consurgo,
est)

aquarl: aquor, \,get water.

i.e. the mumtio of
opere
de deditione: construe with

1.8.

16.

aderat (subseclusit:

-.i.e.

recuso).

(cf.

manibus

i.e.

(abl.

cludo, 3, -clusl, -clusus, shut off.

9.

protest

p.,

consolatus

-fui).

i.e.

15. recusatione

proiecti
adj.

case), unbroken.

sum,

nocte

12.

6.

his

125,!. 9)-

peian forces.

abl. of characteristic.

THE DEATH OF CAESAR

(Suetonius, Julius, 81, 82)

LESSON
As a

result of the civil war,

131

Caesar became master of the

Roman

did not approve of his absolute power, and a plot was

formed to take his life. As he left home for the senate house on the
world.

Many

some one pushed

fatal day,

spiracy

into his

hand a document

but he did not stop to examine

Pluribus hostils caesls,

cum

telling of the con-

it.

non

litare

introiit

posset,

curiam spreta religione Spurinnamque irrldens et ut falsum

arguens, quod sine ulla sua noxa Idus Martiae adessent

venisse quidem eas dice ret, sed non praeterquamquam

isse.
Assidentem conspiratl specie officil circumsteterunt
is

Cimber

Ilicoque
1.

pluribus:

hostils
cial

Tillius, qui

i.e.

primas partes susceperat, quasi

cum:
slay.
litare :
lito,
I,

caesus,

cecldi,

cessive.

con-avl,

-atumest, secure favorable omens ;

the condition of the entrails of the

animals being supposed to portend good fortune or

slaughtered

the reverse.

introiit

2.

introeo,

spreta

Spurinnam

-ae,

F.. sen-

from sperno.

a priest

as (a) false
{prophet}.
3. arguens (-entis, part.): asquod as on p. 55, 1. 1 1.
sailing.
sua noxa (noxa, -ae, F.) harm
:

to

him (Caesar),
is

i.e. Spurinna.
assidentem: sc. Caesarem
(assid5, 3, -sedi, -sessum est, take

4.

5.

M.)

conspiratl

seat}.

the

6.

ilico

primas
rdle.

166

respect.

(adv.):

partes

(-orum,
officii

conspirators.

of (showing)

who had

predicted peril for Caesar on the

1 5th of March
(fdus Martiae, 1.3).

(-entis, part.): derid-

falsum

ut

ing.

one^s

curiam: curia,

ate house.

enter.

-Ire, -ii, -itus,

irrldens

compluribus.

hostia, -ae, F., sacrificaesls:

victim.
caedo,
3,
:

i.e.

i.e.

statim.

the

leading

FIRST LATIN READER

167

CAIUS IULIUS CAESAR

A Roman of distinguished family, and one of the ablest warriors

the world has known.

FIRST LATIN READER

i68

aliquid rogaturus propius accessit, renuentlque et gestu in

aliud tempus different! ab utroque umero togam apprehendeinde clamantem, " Ista quidem vis est," alter e Cadit
;

aversum vulnerat, paulum Infra iugulum.

Caesar Cascae bracchium arreptum graphid

scls
5

vulnere

ali5

tardatus

traiecit,

utque
animadvertit undique se strictis pugionibus peti, toga caput obvolvit, simul sinistra manu sinum ad Ima crura

conatusque

deduxit,
10

prosilire

est;

quo honestius caderet, etiam Inferiore corporis

Atque ita tribus et vigintl plagls confossus

parte velata.

uno modo ad primum Ictum gemitu sine voce edito

"
quidam Marco Bruto inruentl dlxisse, Kal

est,

etsl tradiderunt

1.

aliquid rogaturus

renuenti

shake (pne^s) head} translate

by a clause introduced by "as";
the lit. meaning of the dat. is "for."
-n\fi,

2. different!: sc. cum, lit. putab at ; cf. the

ting (him} off.
use of ex in phrases like omnibus
ex partibus.
togam toga, -ae, F.,
:

robe.

apprehendit apprehends,
-prehendl, -prehensus, lay hold of.
3.

clamantem:

ista

sc.

Caesarem.

for istud (subject of est)

the agreement of quod, p. 30,

cf.

vis:

1.6.

(downright) violence.
two were broth-

the

Cascis:
ers

(nom. Casca)
4. aversum
from behind, lit.
infra prep., below.
turnedaway.
iugulum iugulum, -i, N., neck.
.

5.

N.,
N.,

bracchium:

arm.

graphio

stylus.

-ieci, -iectus,

bracchium,
:

traiecit

pierce.

graphium,
:

traicio,

-i,
-i,

3,

prosilire:

strictis:

7.

prosilio,

4, -ui,

tardatus est

leap forward.
ut
do, i, stop.

gestu: gestus, -us, M., gesture.

3,

6.

intending

request ; lit. what ?

sc. Caesarl (renuo, 3,

make some

to

i.e.

tar-

ubi.

strictus,

-a,

pugionibus:
part., drawn.
sicis (pugio, -onis, M.).
toga

-um,
i.e.
cf.

1.2.

obvolvit

8.

obvolvo,

-volutus, shroud.
-tra,

ster,

3, -volvi,

sinistra

-trum,

left.

sini-

sinum:

sinus, -us, M.., fold', translate here

ad ima crura i.e.
as ^\., (its)folds.
:

to his ankles (crus, cruris, N., leg).

9. honestius: honeste (adv.),
in seemly fashion.
10. velata: i.e. tecta (velo, i).
plagis: i.e. vulneribus (plaga,

-ae, F.).

uno: construe with gemitu.

ad: at.
i.e. tantum.
voce
ictum ictus, -us, M., blow.
11.

modo:

articulation.
12.

xisse

inruenti

pressing

part.,
:

sc.

eum

inruens,

(i.e.

Kal <rv TKVOV you

;

-entis,
di-

forward.

Caesarem)
too,

my

boy f

FIRST LATIN READER

169

"

Exanimis, diff ugientibus cunctls, aliquamdiu

donee lecticae impositum, dependente bracchi5, tres

(TV reicvov

iacuit,

servoli

domum

rettulerunt.

Nee

An-

in tot vulneribus, ut

medicus exlstimabat, letale ullum repertum

quod secundo loco in pectore acceperat.

tistius

est, nisi

THE FATE OF HANNIBAL

(Nepos, Hannibal,

LESSON

12, 13)

132

The second Punic War, waged between the Romans and Carthaginians
from 218 to 20 1 B.C., ended in a complete victory for the Romans.
The latter, however, were suspicious that Hannibal, the most famous
general of the Carthaginians, was simply biding his time to renew the
war under more favorable conditions and so they desired to arrest and
;

hold him as a prisoner.

for

some

years,
of trouble for the

Quae dum
siae

1.

(-is,

in the East.

cunctis

-e)

i.e.

omnibus, as

dependente:
part.,

bracchio:

cf.

p. 168,

runt:

sc.

cf.

-ae,

p.,

dependens,

down.

1.

5.

servolus,
servus.

eum.

in:

M.,
rettule-

-I,

among.

ut: as.

5.

i.e.

(-1,

M.)

physician.

exitiale (letalis,

-is,

quod: excepting (one)

secundo:
lit.

i.e.

specially vul-

pectore:

favorable.

pectus, -oris, N., chest.

6.

quae

i.e.

events narrated
Asia i.e.

in previous chapters.
Asia Minor.
accidit

impersonal

casu: i.e. forte.

expression.
Prusiae (nom. in -a, or -as)
king
:

The
may be rendered "from."

of Bithynia

gen.

medicus

letale:

nisi

-e).

'which.

nerable;

hanging

servoli:

young slave ;

lifeless.

diffugio, 3, -fugi,

-entis,

4.

Hannibal escaped
up a great deal

to stir

Asia geruntur, accidit casu ut legati PruT. Quinctium Flaminmum consularem

(cuncti, -ae, -a),

lecticae
lectica,

litter.

3.

Romans

in

exanimis

scatter.

2.

into exile,

and improved the opportunity

Romae apud

diff ugientibus

noun

By hastening

7.

(cf. p.

consularem:

M., ex-consul.

170,

1.

5).

consularis,

-is,

FIRST LATIN READER

70

cenarent, atque ibi de Hannibale menti5ne facta, ex els

Onus diceret eum in Prusiae regno esse. Id postero die

Flaminmus senatul
bale vivo
5

Patres conscript!, qui Hannise sine msidiis futures exlstimarent,

detulit.

numquam

legates in Bithyniam miserunt (in eTs Flamininum), qui ab

ne inimlcissimum suum secum haberet

His Prusia negare ausus non est. Illud

rege

peterent,
sibique dederet.

ne

recusavit,

id

a se

fieri

quod adversus

postularent,

ius

si

possent, comprehenderent ; locum,

10 ubi esset, facile inventuros.
hospitil esset;

ipsl,

LESSON

133

Death rather than Captivity

Hannibal enim uno loco
rege datum
1.

mentiSne

mentio, -onis,

a things antecedent of
adversus
i.e.
(prep.)

id

8.

F.,

mention.
2.

quod.
the. same con-

in

diceret:

struction as cenarent,

1.

contra.

eum:

i.

hospitil: hospitium,

9.

Hannibal.

hospitality.

i.e. the
3. patres conscript!:
senators (conscriptus, -a, -um, lit.
Hannibale vivo: abl.
enrolled)

him

derent

translate
" as

duced by
4.

by a clause

intro-

subjunctive

in a causal relative clause.

5.

in eis: cf. p. 38,

inimicissimum suum: their

1.

illud

Tht

ne

this

-i,

N.,

comprehen-

let

them arrest

eos (sub-

sc.

discourse

indirect

i.e.

i.e.
:

i.e.
,

recusavit,

underlying

8;

1.

esse, etc., p. 160,

1.

cf.

8.

n. enim: referring to what is

said in the last clause of Lesson 132.
in:

namely, in.

muneri :
rege i.e. Prusia.
don5, dat. of service (munus,
aedificarat : i.e. aedi-eris, N.)
12.

sibique dederet
his
que ut sibi dederet.
tis.

14.

secum haberet:

7.

eum, i.e.

inventuros:

ject).

longum

6.

deadly foe.
harbor.

sc.

depends upon the idea of saying

long as."

exlstimarent

ipsi

themselves.

10.

absol.

quod el a
omnibus

se tenebat, in castello,

erat muneri, idque sic aedificarat, ut in

eum-

i.e.

legathat.

ficaverat.

FIRST LATIN READER

171

partibus aedificii exitus haberet, scilicet verens ne usu vequod accidit. Hue cum legati Romanl venissent ac

niret,

domum

multitudine

eius circumdedissent, puer, ab ianua

prospiciens, Hanniball dixit pluris praeter c6nsue"tudinem

sarmatos apparere. Qui imperavit el ut omnis forls circum-

ac propere sibi nuntiaret

iret

Puer cum

obsideretur.

num eodem modo undique

celeriter quid vldisset renuntiasset,

exitus occupatos ostendisset, sensit id non fortuito

factum, sed se petl neque sibi diutius vltam esse retinen-

ommsque

10

ne alieno

dam.

Quam

rum

virtiatum,

arbitrio dimitteret,

venenum,

memor

pristina-

secum

habere

semper

quod

Sic vir fortissimus, multis varilsque

consuerat, sumpsit.

perfunctus laboribus, anno acquievit septuagesimo.

x.

aedificii:

usu venlret

ally}

sc. id (subject), i.e.

that (thing)
2.

aedificium, -I, N.,

i.e. veritus.

verens

structure.

would happen.

Romans of his hid-

hue

ing place).
3. puer:

i.e.

cf. p.

154,

1.

12.

ianua:

servus.

ianua, -ae, p., door.

4.
1.

5.

praeter

than usual;
nary.
5.

modifying armatos,
consuetudinem

pluris:

lit.

apparere:

beyond the ordii.e.

in conspectu

esse (appareo, 2, -ui).

Hannibal.
i.e.

ei

exitus (cf.
6.

riter.

propere

num

1.

i.e.

qul:

puero.

i.e.

foris

port.
sensit:

fortuito

subject, Hannibal.
casu.
i.e.

(adv.):

retifactum:
sc. esse.
render the gerundive by
"could."
10. quam:
ne:
i.e.
vitam.
freely, to avoid (with part, in
9.

nendam

-ing)

arbitrio

arbitrium,

-I,

N.,

bidding.
11. virtutum:
of valor.
12.

consuerat

freely,

'.i.e.

career

consueverat.

perfunctus: perfungpr, 3,
-functus sum, experience.
This
13.

verb takes the same construction

i).

(adv.)

8.

quod accidit: which (actudid come to pass (namely, the

discovery by the

i.e. cum puer.

7. puer cum
renuntiasset: renuntio, I, re-

i.e.

cele-

conjunction, whether.

as utor

and

potior.

acquievit

acquiesco, 3, -quievi, rest,

i.e. die.

CATILINE'S CONSPIRACY
(Sallust.

Bellum Catilinae, 40, 41, 60)

LESSON

134

In 63 B.C. Marcus Cicero (brother of the Quintus Cicero who subsequently figured in the events described in Lesson 108 ff.) had to deal
with a rather alarming conspiracy which aimed to revolutionize the government of Rome. The chief conspirator, Catiline, took the field with

an army, while Lentulus, who was secretly in sympathy with him, supervised matters in the city. One day Lentulus noticed there two Gallic
envoys who had come to Rome to complain that Roman officials were

and

oppressing their people,

he

thereupon conceived

further embarrassing the government

up a revolt among their countrymen.

Umbreno cuidam negotium

Igitur P.

the idea of

by inducing these Gauls

to stir

utl legates

dat,

possit, impellat ad sociexistimans

etatem belli,
publice prlvatimque aere alieno
oppresses, praeterea quod natura gens Gallica bellicosa
si

Allobrogum requirat eosque,

esset, facile eos

ad

adduci posse.

tale consilium

Umbrenus, quod

in

Gallia

negotiatus erat, plerisque

prmcipibus civitatium notus erat atque eos noverat. Itaque
1.

P.:

i.e.

PubliS.

dat: sub-

utl: i.e. ut.

ject, Lentulus.
2. Allobrogum :
a
tribe

southeast

Gaul.

quiro,

3,

out,

impellat

-pulsus,

requirat:

-quisivi,

incite.

cietas, -atis, p.,

-quisitus,

of
re-

seek

hnpello, 3, -puli,

societatem:

so-

modifying

eos

belli-Allobroges) supplied.
cosa bellicosus, -a, -um, warlike.
for mood, cf. the
5. esset:
:

note on admoveantur, p. 61, 1. 14;

tale
as a present.

translate

talis, -is, -e,

with gen., partner-

ship (in).
ad vs.,
3. publice privatimque
as a people and as individuals.
:

oppresses:

4.
(i.e.

7.

p.

novi,

172

civitatium:

123,

with.

such a.

1.

ii.

notus:

cf.

the note on

noverat: nosco,3,

become

acquainted

FIRST LATIN READER

173

MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO

The
fame

first

of his family to reach the consulship, Cicero won some

by suppressing the conspiracy of Catiline ; but

as a statesman

his chief

and

lasting distinction

he was hardly rivaled in

priceless possession.

his

was along

own

literary lines.

generation

In oratory

and his writings are a

FIRST LATIN READER

174
sine mora, ubi

primum

pauca de statu

tus

legates in foro conspexit, percontaquasi dolens eius casum,

civitatis et

Postrequlrere coepit, quern exitum tantis malls sperarent.

illos
videt
de
avaritia
quam
querl
magistratuum, accusare
5

senatum quod in eo auxill nihil esset, miseriis suis remedium mortem exspectare, "at ego," inquit, "vobls, si modo
viri esse vultis, rationem ostendam, qua tanta ista mala
effugiatis."

LESSON

135

The Envoys are Initiated

Haec

ubi

dlxit,

iUmbrenum
essent,

eos in
1.

difficile

esse,

dum ea res civitatem acre alieno

domum D. BrutI perducit, quod foro

percontatus

percontor,

i,

of men.

statu

status, -us,

.,

with

civitatis :
gen., situation {in}
sc. eorum.
quasi: cf. p. 166, 1. 6.
dolens
doleo, 2, -ul, be con:

p. 172,

1.

way

tantis malls
4.

inquire

p. 171,

(cf.

magistratuum

5.
1.

i,

eo

miseriae,

remedium
dium,
7.

ista

i).

i.e.

the note

senatu.

(as)

N.).
viri esse

p.,

on

p. 62,
miseriis :

troubles.

i.e.

play the part

of

for oraverunt.

sui

is

due to ^he idea of

n. neque: translate "or."

facturi essent that
quod non
they would not undertake it ; a rel.

ative clause of result.

res

dum: provided
aere

it.

alieno

only.
:

ea

translate

"
or u of."
the abl. " from

ille

Umbrenus.
13.

on
:

saying underlying orare.

solution^ (reme-

-i,

discourse

12.

cf.

-arum,
:

orare

10.

magistraaccusare ac-

over-

freely,

those

miseretur: miseror, 2,
gen. pi.
miseritus sum, with gen., take pity
the indirect
nihil, etc.
(on)

rail at.

quod

13.

1.

dat. case.

tus, -us, M., official.

cfiso,

(cf.

exitum: solution,

2).

out

propinqua erat

requirere

3.

Ille

yours.

cerned about.

llberaret.

tanta:

whelming.

2.

adducti,

nihil tarn

asperum
quod non cupidissime facturl

ask,

lit.,

maximam spem

in

orare ut sui miseretur:

tarn

neque

Allobroges

into the Conspiracy

in

p.

Decimi.

domum
16,

1.

cf.

II.

the note
D.
i.e.
:

FIRST LATIN READER

175

neque aliena con sill propter Semproniam nam turn Brutus

ab Roma aberat. Praeterea Gabmium arcessit, quo maior
Eo praesente coniuratiSnem
auctoritas sermonl inesset
mult5s cuiusque generis
nominat
socios,
praeterea
aperuit,
Deinde eos
Sinnoxios, quo legatis animus amplior esset.
:

operam suam domum dimittit.

Sed Allobroges diu in incerto habuere, quidnam

pollicitos

caperent
magna merces

cSnsill

studium

in altera parte erat aes alienum,

belli,

spe victoriae, at in altera maiores opes,

in

Haec illis
iotuta consilia, pro incerta spe certa praemia.
volventibus, tandem vicit fortuna re! publicae.
Itaque Q.
Fabio Sangae, cuius patrocinio civitas plurimum utebatur,
rem omnem,

uti

with

aliena:

1.

friendly
wife

of

self

not

(to}

un-

gen.,

Semproniam

Brutus,

who was

him-

the

con-

to

party

spiracy.

note the

compar. in
was a
freedman, hence the need of call2.

the

quo

Umbrenus

clause.

habuerunt)

3.

sermonl:

interview.

sermo,

inesset

-onis,

msum,

M.,

inesse,

transinfm, with dat., lit. be (in}

i.e.
eo
late the phrase freely.
;

Gabinio.
4.

consili

I,

name.

the one

N.)

(-1,

g.

domum

7.

in

i.e.

to their

temporary

Rome.
incertS

(for

9)

(1.

studium
:

the government (ops, opis, F., help ;

pi.,

resources).

10.
11

illis
i.e. Allobrogibus.
volventibus volvo, 3, volvi,
:

mind;

turn
cf.

over

in

note

the
1.

17.
rel

(one^s}

on defentandem:

publicae

sc.

Romanae.
12.

patrdcinio

patrOcinium, -I,
plurimum see
:

multum.
13.

verant

habuere

N., legal services.

quarters in

altera

adv. amplius).
6. suam:
modifier of operam.

quid

with gen., liking (for}.

merces (-edis, F.) induceopes
namely, those of

dente, p. 44,
adv., at length.

really,

particle.

the other.

praeterea: (and} in addition.

5. innoxios
pred. adj. (innoxius, -a, -um, innocent}
amplior
amplus, -a, -um, great (cf. the
:

for syntax, cf.

1. 10.

causae, p. 150,
8. altera .

volutus,

nominat: nomino,

were undecided.

ment.

standing.

freely,

what
quidnam
-nam being an intensive

ing in a conspirator of better social

Cicero, per San-

cognoverant, aperiunt.

as.
uti {i.e. ut)
Cicer5
sc. earn.
:

cSgnosee the

note at the head of Lesson 134.

FIRST LATIN READER

176

consilio cognito,

gam

ut studium con-

legatis praecepit,

vehementer

simulent, ceteros adeant, bene

polliceantur, dentque operam uti eos quam maxime manifestos habeant.
iurationis

LESSON

136

envoys, pretending that it would be difficult to persuade their

to revolt unless the matter were put into writing, easily
secured thus from the conspirators evidence sufficient to convict nine

The

countrymen

of the ringleaders, five of

whom

were promptly executed in the public

Shortly afterward, in the north country, the army of Catiline

note at the head of Lesson 134) was brought to bay by the
the
(see
government forces, and he chose to try conclusions with a division
prison.

which on the day of battle was under the command of a veteran

named
5

officer

Petreius.

Sed

omnibus rebus

exploratis, Petreius tuba

signum
idem facit hostium
exercitus.
Postquam eo ventum est, unde [a] ferentarils
committl
posset, maximo clamore cum Infestis
proelium
Veconcurrunt
pila omittunt, gladiis res geritur.
signls
ubi,

dat, cohortis paulatim incedere iubet

1.

praecepit

praecipit)

(for

i.e.

use the pluperfect.

incedere

suas.

imperat (praecipio, 3, -cepi,

studium cf. p. 175,!. 8.
-ceptus).
2.
i.e. the other conceteros

i.e.

spirators in Rome.
//kz/.
3. uti:

where

the note on p. 44,

festos: manifestus,

1.

n.

-a,

cf.

mani-

-um, obvi-

freely.

tuba

inspected.

on

6.

p.

dat

exploratis

tuba,

See the second

trumpet.
tion

now.

sed:

-ae,

F.,

illustra-

if

rils

eo

rendered as a past,

(lit.

cohortis

sc.

incedo, 3, -cessi,

hostium

advance.

and

his followers,

unde

whence).

ferentarii,

to

a point
ferenta-

-orum, M., light-

armed

troops {e.g. slingers

the top illustration on p. 140).
use
9. omittunt: make no
;

cf.

of-,

omit (omitto, 3, -misl, -missus).

Contrast the regular procedure for
lit.

beginning
res

60.

est,

Catiline
7.

maxime:

ously guilty^ translate the phrase

5.

-cessum

i.e.

battle,

p.

the fighting.

161,

1.

veteran!

of the government army.

FIRST LATIN READER

terani, pristinae virtutis

baud timide

illl

memores, comminus

resistunt

cum

Catilma

Interea

laborantibus

177

succurrere,

maxima

acriter mstare,

vi certatur.

expeditls in prlma acie versarl,

saucils

pro

integros

arcessere,

omnia providere, multum ipse pugnare, saepe hostem

ferlre

strenui militis et boni imperat5ris officia simul exPetreius, ubi videt Catilmam, contra ac ratus

sequebatur.

vi tendere,

magna

erat,

cohortem praetoriam

medios

in

hostis inducit eosque perturbatos atque alios alibi resiicstentls interficit, deinde utrimque ex lateribus ceteros ad-

greditur.

cadunt.

Manlius

in primls
fusas
Catilma, postquam
copias seque

comminus

Faesulanus

at

adv.,

et

close

Instate insto, i, -stiti,

quarters.
Here, and several
Press thefight.
:

times below, the pres. infin.

re-

places a third person of the perf.

or imperf. indie.
2.

ill!

their

i.e.

baud timide

i.e.

adv., with fear}.

dimicatur (certo,

opponents.

boldly (timide,
certatur: i.e.

of;

cf.

the use of summum, p. 104, 1. 4.

4. laborantibus
part. (sc. els),
:

those
i.e.

hard

succurrere
pressed.
auxilio venire (succurr5, 3,

-curri,

-cursum est)

pro

saucils : i.e.
to replace.
ratis (saucius, -a, -um).
ferire:

G.
4,

i.e.

i.e.

freely,

vulne-

percutere (ferio,

exsequebatur

).

praestabat (exsequor, 3,-secutus

sum)
7.

ac

cf. p.

contra
:

129,

1.

9.

adv., lit. differently.

The whole
than, lit. as.
praeter spem, p. 161, 1. 10.
:

phrase =
8.

tendere:

tendo, 3, tetendi,

inducit:

9.

atque

ciples.

indued,

10.

3,

-duxi,

lead

lit.

(against}.
connecting the two partialios alibi: some in one

place, some in another

in aliam, p. 80, 1. 5.
side.

paucls

here, exert (pne^s

who occupy the

medios:

-ductus,

-avi, -atum est) .

the front

prima:

3.

tentus, stretch
self}.
center.

pugnantes

cum

utrimque

lateribus

alii

cf.

adv., on either
cf. latera, p.

161,

and (for the form of phrase)

omnibus ex partibus, etc.
adgre-

1.

8,

ditur:

i.e.

-gressus

adoritur (adgredior, 3,
Petreius first broke

sum)

through the center, and then to the

right and left made a flank attack upon the remnants of the enemy's line.
11. Manlius
et
Faesulanus:
Manlius and the citizen of Faesulae (a town of Etruria), Catiline's
in primls
chief lieutenants.
i.e.
:

in the front rank.

12. fusas
fundo, 3, fudi, fusus,
:

scatter.

handful.

paucis

i.e.

(but}

FIRST LATIN

178

memor

generis atque prlstinae suae digniconfertissimos hostis incurrit, ibique pugnans

relictum videt,
in

tatis,

READER

confoditur.

ON THE EASTERN FRONTIER

Ad Familidres, XV,

(Cicero,

LESSON

4)

137

About ten years

after the suppression of the conspiracy of Catiline,

against his inclination, was appointed governor of Cilicia
neighboring districts. Below are given extracts from a letter which

Cicero,

and

much

he wrote from the east

to a friend at

Rome,

telling

some of

his ex-

periences as a provincial officer.

Cum in provinciam pr. K. Sext. venissem, et propter

anni tempus ad exercitum mihi conf estim esse eundum
viderem, biduum Laodiceae fui, deinde Apameae quadriduum, trlduum Synnadls, totidem dies Philomelil. Quibus
cum magni conventus

in oppidls

acerbissimis
1.

tributls

generis.

et

dignitatis: for

was an ancient and noble

family, and he had himself held
offices.

2.

hostis

forces.

4.

cum,

i.e.

the government
incurro, 3, -curri,

plunge (in among}.

etc.

by a

translate
pr. K. Sext.

partic. clause.

pridie Kalendas Sextflis, the

i.e.

cf.

bidui,

p.

158,

Laodiceae: see the western

1.4.

end of the map on p. 179.

fui:/

cdnfestim

for the

7. Synnadis
pi. city names
have the same form for loc. and
totidem indeclinable adj.,
abl.
:

the

same

melii

winter

wouldnowsoon come on (cf. p. 123,

1. i
eundum: not eundem.
ff.).

number

for case,

conventus

8.

day

beforethe first of August (Sextilis,

-is, -e), namely, July 29, as the
calendar was then arranged.
5.

biduum:

6.

aere

et fals5

stopped.

incurrit

-cursum est

usurls

gravissimls

his

high

fuissent, multas civitates

freely,

had

of.

Philo-

domi.
conventus, -us,
fuissent:

court.

circuit

M.,

cf.

been held.

acerbissimis

tributls, etc.
for syntax, cf. aere alieno, p. 174,
1. 12.
usurls
usura, -ae, p., rate
of interest.
9.

FIRST LATIN

READER

179

FIRST LATIN READER

i8o
alieno HberavT.

Cumque

meum

ante adventum

seditione

quadam exercitus esset dissipatus, quinque cohortes sine

legato, sine tribune militum, denique etiam sine centurione
ullo
5

Philomelium

apud

esset

reliquus exercitus
ut eas

consedissent,

Lycaonia, M. Anneio legato imperavl,

in

j
quinque cohortes ad reliquum exercitum duceret, coacin
toque in unum locum exercitu, castra
Lycaonia apud
Iconium faceret. Quod cum ab illo dlligenter esset factum,
ego in castra a. d. vii K. Sept. veni, cum interea superioicribus diebus ex senatus consulto et evocatorum flrmam

manum

equitatum sane idoneum et populorum liberorum

regumque sociorum auxilia voluntaria comparavissem.
et

LESSON
A War
cum

Interim,

1.

exercitu lustrato iter in Ciliciam facere

cumque

and

inasmuch

seditione: seditid,

Scare

K. Sept. legatl a rege

coepissem,

as

138

-5nis, F.,

2.

et

quadam

dissipatus

Supply

a sort

of.

dissipo, i, disrupt.
et after this verb, and after
:

consedissent,

1.

ad; so also in 1.7.

apud:
quod

9.

a.d. vii K. Sept.

i.e.

relative.

diem

septimum

i.e.

Kalendas

ante

Sep-

seventh (we would

say, stith) day before the first of
September, namely, August 24, as
the calendar was then arranged.
cum, etc. translate by a partic.
tembres, the

phrase.
ceding.

-i,

superioribus

the

pre-

et

sane

N., decree,

-I,

both
:

and

evocatus,

Hbero-

adv., quite.

liber, -era,

or free.

man.

M., reenlisted

"

et

evocatorum

and.

rum

4.

8.

4.

esset

ex: in accordance with.

10.

consulto: consultum,

mutiny.

me

ad

Commageno

-erum, independent,

The

genitives

may be

"
rendered freely " supplied by

cf.

Gallorum, p. 159, 1. 11.

12. sociorum as adj., allied.
voluntaria: voluntarius, -a, -urn,
:

volunteer.

comparavissem

paro, \,get together.

13- lustrato: lustro,

com-

i, review.
K. Sept. i.e. Kalendis Septembribus (abl. of time when).

14-

Commagen5: an

adj.

FIRST LATIN READER

181

tumultuose neque tamen non vere Parthos in Syriam

quo audito, vehementer sum commotus cum de Syria turn de mea provincia, de reliqua
missi,

transTsse nuntiaverunt

denique Asia.
Itaque in Cappadocia extrema non longe a Tauro apud

oppidum Cybistra castra feel, ut et Ciliciam tuerer et Cappadociam tenens nova fmitimorum consilia impedlrem.
Interea cognovl multorum litteris atque nuntils magnas
Parthorum copias et Arabum ad oppidum Antiocheam
10

magnumque eorum

accessisse,

equitatum, qul in Ciliciam

et a cohorte prae-

translsset, ab equitum meorum turmis

quae erat Epiphaneae praesidii causa, occidione occiQuare, cum viderem a Cappadocia Parthorum copias
aversas, non longe a fmibus esse Ciliciae, quam potui maximis itineribus, ad Amanum exercitum duxl. Qu5 ut veni,
toria,

sum.

15

not

missi:

i.

tuose

vere

mlsi.

adv., in great alarm.

tumulnon

without foundation in

freely,

fact (vere, adv., lit. triithfully}.

Parthos two years before, the Ro:

mans had
at the

this warlike people.

mea

to.

turn:

not

eorum: of theirs.
turmis:

extrema:

179.

extremus,

-a,

lit.
farthest] translate freely
the rendering of primus, sum-

-um,
(cf.

mus,
6.

etc.)

apud

genitive.
protect.

as

on p.

i8o,l. 4.

in apposition with
render, however, as if a
tuerer: tueor, 2,
,

Cybistra

oppidum

fmitimorum
on the part of."
:

"

novas, p. 28, 1. 10.

translate the gen.

11.

Asia: as on p. 169, 1. 6.
Cappadocia see the map on

5.

p.

cf. res

10.

de

word.
4.

only

consilia

with reference
note the position of the

but also.

suffered crushing defeat

hands of

cum

3.
.

while occupying.
7. tenens
Cicero anticipated that the Parthian invaders would take this
more northern route.
nova

The

forces here

cf.

p.

1.

161,

had sent south at a venture

the note on 1. 7).
12.

7.

mentioned Cicero

had

occlsum:

occidione

(cf.

been annihilated (occldio, -onis, p.,

utter destruction}.
14. quam potui
the longest possible ;

maximis
cf.

i.e.

the note on

p. 142, 1.5.
15
Amanum a mountain range
near the eastern border of Cilicia.
.

ut

i.e.

ubi.

FIRST LATIN READER

182

hostem ab Antiochea recessisse, Bibulum Antiocheae esse

Deiotarum confestim iam ad me venientem cum
cognovl.
magno et firmo equitatu et peditatu et cum omnibus suis
copils certiorem feel non videri esse causam, cur abesset a
regno, meque ad eum, si quid novi forte accidisset, statim
litteras nuntiosque missurum esse.

LESSON
Mountain Brigands claim

139

the Governor s Attention

eo animo venissem, ut utrlque provinciae,

Cumque

si ita

tempus ferret, subvenlrem, turn id, quod iam ante statueram vehementer interesse utrlusque provinciae, pacare
loAmanum et perpetuum hostem ex eo monte tollere, agere
perrexi.
Cumque me discedere ab eo monte simulassem
1

ab

from

the neighborhood

of (the town name without the

" from "
prep, would mean rather
cf. the note on p. 79, 1. 21).
;

recessisse
est,

recede, 3, -cessi, -cessum

Bibulum

back,

fall

(Roman) governor of

Syria.
ply -que with this clause.

the

Sup-

5. me
subject of a new main
clause in the indirect discourse.
:

si

quid

on

p. 85,
7.

pose.

novi

if anything.

(neut.) noun.
1.

cum

forte

as

the note

cf.

12.
:

causal.

animo pur:

utrlque provinciae

i.e.

Cili-

been glad to accept.

ad: i.e. to
venientem: translate by a
join.

ciaand Syria.
ita tempus ferret
i.e. freely, should have opportunity.
8. subvenlrem
i.e.
auxilio
essem (subvenio, 4, -veni, -ventum
turn
id ... agere
now.
est)

relative clause.

perrexi

2.

king,

3.

Deiotarum: a friendly native

whose

et

offer of aid

et

et

Cicero had

the

first

of these conjunctions connects the

two adjs. the remaining two may
be rendered and
and in fact.
;

suiscopiis: his following.

4. non videri esse causam, cur
there did not seem to be
(any} occasion for him to absent
himself; lit. what?

abesset

(1.

n) 7proceeded to carry
:

out a project (per go,

perrectum
9.

est,

perrexi,

3,

proceed}.

interesse

interest,

-esse,

with gen., be to the interest

pacare
namely, (the proj(of}.
ect of} reducing to order.

-fuit,

10.

perpetuum hostem namely,

:

some troublesome robber hordes.

11.

-que

translate as

if

itaque.

FIRST LATIN
et alias partis Ciliciae petere,

READER

'83

Amano

abessemque ab

unlus die! et castra apud Epiphaneam fecissem,

cum

Id. Oct.,

advesperasceret, expedite exercitu

iter feel, ut a. d.
5

ascenderem

Id. Oct.,

iii

M. Anneius

sent), plerosque necoplnantls

non

iiii

noctu

Amanum

luclsceret, in

distributisque cohortibus et auxiliis (cum alils

frater legatus mecum simul, aliis C. Pomptmus

Qumtus

interclusl fuga.

sunt,

tlque

a. d.

ita

legatus, reliquls

10

cum

iter

et

L. Tullius legati praees-

oppressimus

sed urbis, quod erat

vlcl Instar

qui occlsl cap-

Eranam autem (quae

Amam

fuit

caput) itemque

Sepyram et Commorim, acriter et diu repugnantibus, Pomptmo illam partem Amani tenente ex antelucano tempore
usque ad horam diel X, magna multitudine hostium occisa,
His

cepimus, castellaque vl capta complura incendimus.

Epiphaneam: see the map

2.

on

a. d. iiii Id. Oct.

p. 179.

ante diem quartum Tdus Octobres,

on Ihefourth (we would say,M/'r^)

day before the Ides of October,

namely, Oct. 12.
as adj.;

expedite:

3.

noun

use,

p.

1.

177,

cf.

the

d.

a.

4.

(cf.

Id. Oct.

on

1.

luclscit, 3,
5.
-ui,

2).

Oct. 13
luclsceret
:

distribute

grow

frater

Qitintus

of some,

cum

aliis

praeessent
.

etc.

being
(cf.

3,

make a
Qumtus

my brother
in command
:

alii

alii,

intercludo, 3, -clusi,
-clusus, cut
fuga: transoff.
late the abl. "from."
Eranam:

(along with the town names of

n), object of cepimus, 1. 14.
10.

instar:Mi

size

1.

cf.

(of)\

quod (and} which ;

p. 32, 1. 5.
for the gender, cf. quod, p. 30, 1. 6.
item: adv., likewise.
11. repugnantibus i.e. resistertibus (repugno, i) abl. absol. with
;

iis

(i.e.

incolis)

The

supplied.

two following clauses also are

abl.

absolutes.
12.

tenente

antelucano:

i.e.

keeping

antelucanus,

-a,

to.

-um,

Preceding dawn.

p. 20,1. 15).
6.

legatus:
lieutenant',
(as)
Quintus' similar relation to
simul
Caesar in the Gallic war.
cf.

with mecum.

interclusi:

light.

distribuo,

-utus, divide up, or

division of.

sc.
hostes.
plerosque:
" or."
-que we would say

iii

the note

9.

ita:

3.

at such speed.

i.e.

8.

i.e.

13.

and
sign

X:

14.

cf.

decimam, ordinal

i.e.

cardinal

having

the

same

the dates above.

vi capta

i.e.

expugnata.

FIRST LATIN READER

84

ita gestis, castra in radicibus Amani habuimus apud

Aras Alexandrl quadrlduum, et in reliquiis Amani delendls
agrisque vastandis, quae pars eius mentis meae provinciae
est, id tempus omne consumpsimus.

rebus

LESSON

140

Completion of the Destruction of their Strongholds

5

Confectis his rebus, ad oppidum Eleutherocilicum Pindenissum exercitum adduxl. Quod cum esset altissimo et
munltissimo loco, ab ilsque incoleretur, qul ne regibus qui-

dem umquam

cum

paruissent,

et fugitives reciperent, et

Parthorum adventum acerrime exspectarent, ad exlstimalotionem imperl pertinere arbitratus sum comprimere e5rum
audaciam, quo facilius etiam ceterorum animi, qul alienl
essent ab imperio nostro, frangerentur.
Vallo et fossa circumdedi, sex castellls castrisque maxi-

mis saepsi, aggere,

1

radicibus

-icis, p., lit.

2.

turribus oppugnavl, ususque tor-

(radix,

foothills

reliquiis

i.e.

',

remain-

the

cf. reliquias, p.

vastandis:
in

5.

is

7.

perl,

lay

est:

is

quod cum esset:

since this

(located}.

munltissimo
"strongly."

transl. the suils

qul:

with subjunctive, such (people) as;

1.

since.

fugitlvus,

M.,

-I,

ob

5.

own.

cum: {and)

9.

existimationem

tio, -5nis, p.,

belongs to

The exact location

not known.

cf.

-que,

129,
namely, of their
p.

fugi-

runaway

slave.

with oppidum.
6.

I,

of) my province.
Pindenissum
in apposition

of this town

was

vasto,

quae pars eius mentis

ea mentis parte, quae.

meae provinciae
(lit.

8.

tivos:

waste.
i.e.

regibus

36,

15.
3.

the position of

for

eamque causam,

roof).

ing landmarks
1.

vlniis,

10.

existima-

prestige.

imperl: (our) government.

comprimere:
-pressl, -pressus,

comprimo,

put a

3,

stop to.

n. quo: note the compar.

the

clause.

alienl

ab

in
/'//

disposed toward ; cf. p. 148,!. 17.'

12. imperio: rule.
sc. oppidum.
13. circumdedi
:

14.

saepsi:

saepio,

saeptus, surround.

4,

saepsi,

aggere: ag-

FIRST LATIN
mentis multls, multis

READER

185

magno

Iab5re meo, sine

sagittarils,

ulla molestia

sumptuve sociorum, septimo qulnquagesimo

die rem confecl, ut omnibus partibus urbis disturbatls aut
compulsl in potestatem
His erant finitiml pan scelere

incensls,
5

meam
et

pervenirent.

Ab

audacia Tebarani.

exercitum in hiberna
iis, Pindenisso capto, obsides accepl
dlmlsl Quintum fratrem negotio praeposui, ut in vlcis aut
;

male pacatls exercitus collocaretur.

captis aut
ger, -eris, M.,

moimd

other material).
-ae,

the ballista

M.,

inconvenience.

4.

on

my

sumptu

compulsi
his:

5.

part.

molestia, -ae,

F.,

dued.
equal.
guilt,

barani

Roman

governor

usually felt at liberty to extort any

service he desired).
3. ut
introducing a result
:

7.

the

crime;

lit.

sociorum:
tus, -us, M., expense.
to (lit. of) the friendly natives

whom

in defreely,
sc. hostes.

people just sub-

phrase

(from

i,

pari
par, paris, adj.,
scelere: scelus, -eris, N.,

sump-

disturbs,

spair^, forced (to it)

p. 29.
-I,

disturbatis:

clause.

wreck.

Cf.

Sagittarius,

meo

molestia:

vlnia,

catapult.

shown on

sagittarils

bowman.
2.

N.,

-I,

tormentis

penthouse.

F.,

tormentum,
1

(of earth or

vlniis

negotio

ercitus

the whole abl.

...

ut

collocaretur:

...

freely,

business of quartering the

lit.

what

late

by a

Te-

expresses quality.
subject of erant.

aut captis,

etc.

relative clause.

ex-

the

army ;
trans-

WORD

LIST

The following list shows the new words introduced into each successive
reading lesson. Aside from numerals, words found in but one lesson are
treated in the notes on that lesson, and do not appear here.
For proper
names, the general vocabulary should be consulted.

The
more

designation (*) indicates that the

English words in
recall

Many

this prefix

ab-

a-,

in four or

italics

are derived from, or otherwise related to, the Latin

Circum-

away,

to

Latin words are formed with the help of a prefix. Though the force of
does not stand out clearly in every case, it is worth while to become

to, into,

marked occurs

to

familiar with the general

ad-

so

which they stand. They may be found useful in helping

the meaning of the Latin words as given in the general vocabulary. 1

words opposite

word

lessons.

meanings of the following:

aside, off.

near, by,

at.

around.

con-: with, together (con- being a form of cum). Often denotes completion (e.g.
conficio [facio]), or energy of action (e.g. contendo).
de-

dis-:

from, down.
from, away, separately.

ex-: forth, out, from, up. Often denotes success (e.g. expugno), or energy of
action {e.g. excipio [capio]).

e-,

in-

in-

upon, on, in,

not, or un-.

inter-: between.

Ob-: before, against.

per-

Often intensive, very, exceedingly.

through, across.

prae-

before, in advance, over.

praeter-: by, past.

pro-: before, forth, forward, out, fore-.
re-: back, again.

sub-

trans-

under.
:

across, over.

Some

of the above prefixes take different forms according to the first letter of
the word with which they are combined. The following alternative forms should
in particular be noted a-, ab- (abs-)
ad- (ac-, af-, al-, ap-, ar-, as-, a[s]-, at-)
:

con-

(col-,

com-, co-)

inter- (intel-)

dis- (dif-, di-)

ob- (oc-, op-)

e-,

re- (red-)

ex- (ec-, ef-, e[x]-) in- (ig-, il-, im-)

sub- (sus-, su[s]-) trans- (tra-).
;

In some words united with these prefixes a vowel is regularly altered, e.g.
a or e becomes i as -field (for facio) and -tineo (for teneo).
ae becomes i as -cido (for caedo cf. caedes) and -iquus (for aequus in iniquus)
:

186

WORD
I
|

neque, nee*

LIST

i8 7

i88
pulcher*

WORD

LIST

WORD
hostis,* hostile

LIST

189

WORD

LIST

convenio,* convene

loquor,* loqu-s.c\\y

bene,*

excipiS*

maestus*

dimittS,*

hiemS*

-ne

magister, magistrate

numerus,* numeral

gravis,* grave

negotior, negotiate

prSponS, propose

polliceor*

(posterus)*

proximus,* proximi-iy

sceleratiis

rideo, r*W/-culous

religiS*
securis*

sub,*

13

fone-fit

mittS

cf.

sumS,* re-sume

venenum, venom

tacitus,* tacit

verS,* veri-\y

tu*

ante* (adv.),

/*-cipate

virtus,*

vir

cf.

vSx,* voc-al

apud*

17

verb-2\

verbum,*

ago,* a^-itate

admoveS*
animadverts*

clamor,* clamor

ardens, ardent

cSnstituS,* constitution

15

audeS,* aud-a.cious

CurrS,* \n-cursion

alter,* alter-ztion

bos, bov-ine

deus,* dei-ty

ambS,* ambi-SMOMS

castellum,*

castle

emigre
erumpo,* eruption

arbitror,* arbitra-iion

conatus,

cf.

cSnor

caedes,* sui-V<?

defends*

gratia,* grace
interdiu

cSgitS,* cogitate

depSnS, depose

comes,* con-^wwY-ant
concilium*

desists*

legatus,* fa-legate
liberi*

mo rbus,* cholera

morbus

nox,* equi-0.#
reliquus,*

cf.

relinquS

saxum*

extinguS
hSra*

contumelia,* contumely
COnvocS,* convocation

moneS, moni-tor

crudelis

oppugns,* (ob+pugnS)

curS,*

mam-cure

facile,* facility

prSdS*
salus,*

tutus, //<?-lage

incendS,* incend-io.ry

tantum,*

undique*

inimicus,* inimic-a\

tectum, ^ro-tect

vulnerS,* vulnerable

ostendS,* w/<?w-tation

Villa,* village

recusS*

VOCS,* \i\-voke

14

sica*

18

acerbus, acerbity

signum*

ambulo,* ^r-ambulate

simul,* jtV/-taneously

acies*

adiuvo,* co-adju-ior

asper,* asperity

umquam*

aut*

vinco,* con-vince

cadS,* fa-cadence

vulnus,*

cf.

vulnerS

commoveS,* commotion

16

desum
hiems,*

cf.

inquam*

hiemo

afficiS*

amplector (com~)plexus

adsum*
aedes,* edi-nce
ager,* ^grz-culture

auxilium,* auxili-&cy
caelum,* r<?/-estial
fenestra

WORD
tuga,*

cf.

fugio

LIST

191

1 92

WORD

LIST

WORD
veteran!,

cf.

vetus

LIST

193

WORD

194
priusquam,*

cf.

prius

LIST

WORD
magicus

LIST

195

WORD

ig6
73

LIST

WORD
peregrmus

LIST

197

WORD

198
112

LIST

LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
(Numbers in parentheses following a
meaning is lound.)

Lesson

definition indicate the

which that par-

in

ticular

a, ab, prep,

with

abl.,\>y, at

the hands

from the vicinity of ; from

among (106); of, from (72, 81,
See also alienus, pars, petd,
1 29)
of: from;

acies, -ei,/T, line of battle, battle line,

battle array, line, ranks; regular en-

gagement
the

-ire,

-itum

-ii,

est,

go

away,

with

throw

abicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus,

throw

absconditus,
hidden.

-reptus, tear away,

against, upon, on; at, on, near, in

the neighborhood of, before
until,

absum,

pull up, tear up.

-a,

cut

-um, partic. as

-esse, afui,

up to. Often used with the gerundive or gerund to express purpose.

See also accedo, appello (-ere),

off.

be away, be

till,

adj.,

eo

dis-

tant (remote), be absent.

ac, see atque.

impersonally,

be

added (106).
accido, 3, -cidi, befall, happen, turn

greet ;

3,

-cepi,

learn

-ceptus,

(80)

name, shortened to versus

addo,

sustain, suffer

mention

-a,

-um, harsh,

30)

make

in addition.

-duxi, -ductus,

3,

lead on,

influence

(119),

(70); meet (135);

run

into,

fall

into (37).

adferS,
bitter;

add;

adeo, adv., to such a degree, so.

adeo, -ire, -ii, -itus, visit, touch at

sharp, shrill, pierc-

ing, penetrating.

-ditus,

bring on, bring;

rouse (135).

acer, -cris, -ere, fierce, spirited, ener-

acerbus,

-didi,

3,

adduce,

receive,

(loss, indignity, etc.).

getic, vigorous;

and

ad ... versus, toward, in the direction of, for.

With ace. of town

out, develop.

accipio,

pertined,

unus,

species,

usque.

3, -cessi, -cessum est, approach, draw near; come, advance

(138) ; with ad and ace., approach

Used

perfugio,

(verb),

pervenio,

accede,

(115).

(41);

relentlessly

ad, prep, with ace., to, for; toward,

to the neighborhood of, before (52) ;

3, -cidi, -cisus,

abscido,

vigor;

(56);

overboard;

3, -ripui,

en-

spirit,

eagerly, with eagerness (140).

aside,

shoot (113).

carry away;

with

ergetically, vigorously;

abhinc, adv., ago.

abripio,

acie, in the

prima

acriter, adv., fiercely, furiously;

go, depart, leave.

throw

in

forefront of the fight.

repeto, and tergum.

abeo,

ex acie, from

(36, 40).

field;

gall-

ing 037)> outrageous (57).

-ferre, -tuli,

(letter)

199

-latus,

bring,

transport, bear; carry, take, deliver

:

with

dat., inspire (in)

(36).

FIRST LATIN

200

come

with ad

come;

Pass.,

and

ace.,

reach (63, 76, 90).

to,

adhaeresco,

-haesi,

3,

-haesum

ground (of a boat).

adhuc, adv., up to this time,

est,

As
-gra, -grum, sick, ill.
noun, aegri, -orum, ;., the sick.
aegre, adv., with difficulty.
aeger,

aequus,

stick;

assist,

-iutus,

-iuvi,

i,

aid,

help,

admiror, i, view with admiration, be

filled with admiration for.
-monui, -monitus,

2,

(I2l)

undaunted,

pleasant,

resigned,

composed,

baud aequus, no

pleas-

ant.

support.

admoned,

-um, favorable, suitable,

of mental states,

-a,

good

yet,

still,

hitherto.

adiuvo,

READER

re-

aes (aeris,

alienum

.)

(-1), debt.

aestas, -atis, /, summer.

aetas,

-atis,

/,

lifetime,

life;

age,

mind.

_ period (74).

admoveo,

2, -movi, -mdtus, move up

(84); ignes (-em) admovere, with

Afer, -fra, -frum, negro. As noun,

Afri, -orum, m., the Africans.

dat., set (apply) fire (to).

adorior, 4, -ortus sum, attack, assail;

afficid, 3, -fed, -fectus, attack

make an

assault (86).

-secutus sum, catch up

with, overtake.
adsto, i, -stiti, stand by, be in attend-

adsequor,

3,

ance.
-esse, -fui, be present, be
(close) at hand, be in attendance;

be on the

(128); be come
be there (113); be

field

131);

upon (one) (99) be back (again)

(22); come up (124).
;

Aduatuci, -5rum, m., the name of a

people of northern Gaul.
adulescens, -entis, adj., young.
masc. noun, (a) youth.

advena,

-ae,

adventus,

coming
(HO).

c.,

stranger,

-us, m.,

As

approach, arrival,
inroad
(63)
;

-vm,partic. as adj., conSee also flumen.

-a,

advesperascit,

3,

-vesperavit

(im-

personal verb], grow dark, begin to

grow dark.
aedes, -is,/;
aedifico,

treat,

be

filled

(84).

Africa, -ae,/, Africa.

Af ricanus,

-a, -um, African, of Africa.

ager, -gri, m., field ; country (45)
;

i,

pi.,

house, home.

build, build up.

agmen,

-inis,

(marching)

vanguard

.,

(marching) column,

line,

primum agmen,

novissimum

agmen,

rear guard.

ago,

3, egl,

actus, drive, drive

do;

117);

treat,

make

off (43,

overtures

carry out (project), keep (watch),

pass (time), give, render (thanks),

wear out (life), inter se agere,
talk to

newcomer.

presence

adversus,
trary.

Pass.,

territory (75).

adsum,

(100,

overwhelm (26).

one another

vitam agere,

live.

agricola,

m.,

-ae,

farmer,

planter,

rustic.

Alexander, -dri, m., the name of

(i) an Indian chief, brother of

King

Philip

(2) a king of

Mace-

don.
alibi, adv., elsewhere, in other places,
in other quarters, at other points.

See also alius.

alienus, -a, -um, another's, of another

FIRST LATIN READER

201

With ab Americanus, -a, -um, American, of

033)> inclined away.
America.
As noun, Americanus,
and abl., unfriendly (to), averse
with gen., unfriendly (to).

(to);

See also aes.

adv., for

aliquamdiu,
time

some

time, for a

for a considerable period (74. )

aliqui (aliquis),aliqua,aliquod

quid), adj., some, any

(all-

noun, some

American

-i,
m., (an)
Americans.

amiciti, -ae,/, friendship, confidence.

amicus, -a, -um, friendly. As noun,
amicus,

m., friend

-i,

Amici,

//.,

-5rum, m., the Friends.

one, any one, something, anything.

amitto,

3,

PI., any.

amo,

love, like, fancy, cherish

aliud,

alia,

alius,

As noun, some one

another (120)
others

//.,

el?e,

some

other,

anything else (91);

alius

(86).

one on top

alium,

another.

other,

some
some

-in

i,

-misi, -missus, lose.

love with (48).

be

be be-

Pass.,

loved (63). Partic., amans, -antis,

with gen., loyal (to).

super amplector,

another

of

the

//.,

3,

-plexus sum, embrace,

accept.

others (17,

amplius, adv., compar., further, more.

one place, ancora, -ae, f., anchor.
some in another (136); alii in angustus, -a, -um, narrow.
some animadverto, 3, -verti, -versus, noaliam, some into one
alii

139)

alii,

alii alibi,

in

into another

(67)

neque

alius,

and no other (45).

name of a

people of southeast Gaul.

another, one (of two)

As noun, the

one (of two), the one (of

//.,

alter

the other party (120).

alter, the one ... the

altus, -a, -um,

high, lofty, ele-

tall,

deep (85).

tum,

n.,

-i,

the

As noun,

al-

heart

mind,

m.,

-I,

manner,

spirit,

fashion,

frame of mind; purpose;

soul,
spirit

courage

PL,
(56, 120), confidence (135).
courage, feeling (119), insubordinate spirit (140). See also demitto

Amanus,

-i,

m., the

name

of a

moun-

-igis,

m., the

name

of a

roam (65); crawl

-ae,

-i,

m., year.

/, America.

See also

iam and

of,

ahead

paulo.

ace.,

before; in front

of.

antea, adv., before, previously.

(declined as duo, except for the 6), both.

ambulo, i, -avl, -a turn est, walk,
-ae, -6

stroll;

m., (Marcus) Anneius,

ante, prep, with

Gallic chieftain.

America,

-ei,

lieutenant to Marcus Cicero.

ante, adv., before, earlier, previously.

tain range of eastern Cilicia.

Ambiorlx,

Anneius,

deep (sea), the annus,

ocean (12).

ambo,

discover, find

and habeo.

other.

vated

out.

animus,

alter, -era, -erum, the other, a second,

other,

note, perceive, observe, catch

sight of, witness, see

Allobroges, -um, m., the

two)

tice,

(50).

antequam,

conj., before.

Antiochea, -ae,/, Antioch, a

city of

Syria.

antiquitus,

adv.,

in early times.

in

ancient

times,

FIRST LATIN READER

202
Antistius,

Roman

-ti,

name

the

m.,

of a

Antonius, -ni, m., Anthony (Wayne),

an officer in the Revolutionary War.

Apamea,

/, the name of a

-ae,

city of

Asia Minor.

tus, -a,

arms, weapons,
-um, parfie. as adj. t
armed, in arms, arms in hand (20) ;
arms and all (88). PL, as noun,
n.,

-a,

-orum,

armati,

m.,

armed

men,

warriors, braves.

aperio, 4, aperui, apertus, disclose;

Partic. as adj., aperexplain (2).

appello,

arma, -orum,
armatus,

physician.

Arnoldius,

an

-di, m.,

officer in the

(Benedict) Arnold,
Revolutionary War.

-um, open, unprotected.

Arpineius, -el, m., (Gaius) Arpineius,
a Roman soldier (102).
call, name, address
by

i,

(122). Pass.,

arripio, 3, -ripui, -reptus, catch up,

appello, 3, -pull, -pulsus, bring, steer,

row.
ad litus appellere, beach,

ars, artis,/, business, profession, ars

run aground upon the shore.

appeto, 3, -petivi or -petii, -petitus,

ascendo,

name;

call

be known

attack,

appdno,

upon,

call

as.

aim a thrust
3,

rescue (106).

seize;

magica, black

clamber up, scale;

make

at.

-posui, -positus, set on,

art,

magic,

ascendi, ascensus, ascend,

3,

-with in

and ace.,

the ascent of (139).

asclsco, 3, ascivi, ascitus, win over;

bring on, serve (food).

adopt (67).
appropinquo, i, -avi, -atum est, ap- Asia, -ae,/, (i) Asia; (2) Asia Minor
(132, 138).
proach, draw near; be close at hand
Asiaticus,

(47).

apud, prep, with

in the

-a,

-um,

Asiatic, of Asia.

country of, with; near, at; at (in)

the house of; in the presence of.
aqua, -ae, /, water.

-erum, rough; severe

(101); troublesome (135).
assensus, -us, m., approval.
at, conj., but, whereas, still, however.

Arabes, -um, m., the Arabs.

Atlanticus,

among,

ace.,

asper,

-era,

-a,

-um, Atlantic.

Arae (-arum,/) Alexandri, the name atque, ac, conj., and. See also simul.
of an ancient camp site in Cilicia (lit. Atrebates, -um, m., the name of a
the Altars of Alexander).
arbitror,

i,

people of northern Gaul.

Attius,

think, believe, judge.

arbor, -oris, /, tree.

arceo,

2, -ui,

back, keep
arcesso,

keep

rus),

ward

out,

off,

call

up audacia,

_
/.,

the

people of

Ardea (an ancient town about 20

Rome).

ardens, -entiS, partic. as adj., blazing.

argenteus, -a, -um, of silver, silver.

argentum,

influence, dignity,

impressiveness.

3, -ivi, -itus, call in;

miles south of

m., (Publius) Attius (Va-

keep auctoritas, -atis,/,

off.

Ardeates, -ium,

-ti,

one of Pompey's generals.

-i, n., silver,

silver plate.

-ae,

/,

boldness,

daring,

temerity, hardihood; insubordination, lawlessness (140);

(act of)

daring (88).
audacter, adv., boldly, with boldness.
audax, -acis, adj., bold, daring, audacious; of daring (99).

audeo,

2,

ausus sum, dare, venture.

READER

FIRST LATIN
audio,

hear, learn ; listen,

4, -fvi, -itus,

heed, give ear

listen to,

augeo,

2,

auxi, auctus ; pass., increase,

grow (93); grow brighter (126).

auris, -is,/, ear.

aurum,
ausus,

-i, n.,

-a,

Benbrigius,

m., (William) Bain-

-gi,

bridge, an

to.

203

American naval

officer.

bene, adv., well, successfully, satisfacSee also gero, habeo, and

torily.
polliceor.

beneficium,

gold.

-um, see audeo.

-ci,

act of kindness,

.,

kindness, favor.

aut, conj., or; sometimes represented Bibulus, -i, m., (Marcus) Bibulus, a
in English by " and." aut
aut,
(Roman) governor of Syria.
.

either ... or.

autem,

biduum,

however, but, whereas;

conj.,

moreover, and.

auxilium,

-li,

.,

reinforcement,

aid, help, assistance,

relief,

protection.

PL, auxiliary forces, supplementary

force
allies,

help,

(detachments), allied force,

assistants,
reinforcements,
auxilid esse, -with a second

dat., (freely} help, benefit, support,

See also fero and

protect, rescue.

-i,

n.,

two days.

Bithynia, -ae,/, the name of a

of Asia Minor.
bonus,

-a,

district

-um, good. As noun, bona,

-orum,

goods, possessions,

.,

be-

longings, things.
bos,

bovis,

c.

and

(dat.

bobus or bubus)

abl.

pi.,

//., cattle.

Bosto, -onis, m., Boston.

Braddoc, -ocis, m., (Edward) Braddock, an English commander in the

French and Indian War.

venio.
avaritia, -ae, /, greed, covetousness.
averto, 3, -verti, -versus; pass., turn
Cone's self) aside.

aversus,

-a,

Partic. as adj.,

-um, turned away (131).

brevi, adv., shortly, (with) in a short

soon,

time,

in

quickly;

long,

a moment, before
soon
afterward

(67).

avis, -is,/, bird.

Britanni, -orum, m., the English, the

baca, -ae, /, berry.

Britannia, -ae, /, England;

British,

Bagrada,

-ae, m., the

name

of a river

of northern Africa.
ballista, -ae,

Balventius,
a

Roman

barbarus,

//

-ti,

pi,

artillery.

m., (Titus) Balventius,

standard bearer (106).

-a,

-um,

barbarian.

As

no^ln^ barbari, -drum, m., savages.

Batavi, -orum, m., the Dutch.

Beco, -onis, m., (Nathaniel) .Bacon, a

hero of colonial times.
Bellovaci, -orum, m., the name of a
people of northern Gaul,

bellum,
(116).

-i,

n.,

war, warfare; fighting

See also gero.

(101).
land.

Englishmen.

Britannia Nova,

Britain

New Eng-

Britannicus, -a, -um, English, British,

See also vir.
of the English.

Brutus, -I, m., (i) Marcus Brutus,

one of the murderers of Julius Cae(2) Decimus Brutus, husband
of Sempronia (135).
Byzantium, -ti, n., the ancient name

sar;

of Constantinople.

C.,

abbreviation

of Caius,

-ai,

m.

(Gaius).

Cabot,

-Otis,

m.,

(i)

John Cabot,

FIRST LATIN READER

204

(2) Sebastian Cabot ; two early exand son.

plorers, father

cado,

fall

cecidi,

3,

turn out,

fall

out (14).

caedes,

carnage, mas-

murder.

-1, n., (the open) sky, heaven;

(the open) air; climate.

Caesar, -aris, m., (i) Gaius Julius

Caesar, the conqueror of Gaul; (2)
Lucius Caesar, an officer in Pom-

-itis,

m., sod.

-um,

(Rebilus), lieutenant to Curio in the

war.

civil

chanting,

chant.
3,

cepi, captus,

capture, lake, occupy

catch,

seize,

take prisoner,

make

prisoner; secure, get' (13);

adopt (plan), follow (course), make
for (hills), take up (arms).
Pass.,

be attracted, pedibus captus, lame;

vi capere, take by storm.
ancient

-li,

the citadel

.,

caput,
also

Rome,

-i,

-itis,

m., prisoner, captive.

n.,

head

capital.

See

dam no.

career, -eris, m., prison.

careo,

-I,

carus,

-a,

2, -ui,

with

gather,

wagon, cart.
-um, beloved,

m.,

abl.,

precious,

prized.

casa, -ae, /,

shack.

hut,

bar-

PL,

racks.

castellum,

name

of two brothmurder of Julius

blockhouse,

n.,

-i,

fort,

post; stronghold (133, 139).

Castor, -oris, m., the name of a

god

worshiped by the Romans.

castra, -orum, n., (entrenched) camp,
fortress, fortified post,

the

name

encampment.

of the

be without, lack ;

spare.

Carleto, -onis, ;., (Sir Guy) Carleton,

site

Africa

in

of a

camp

by Publius

Cornelius Scipio at the time of the

second Punic War.

casus,

-us,

(94),

fall

;;/.,

plight

(84,

disaster

(86);

accident

134),

calamity

emergency
(105). Abl.asadv.,3iSVi, by chance,
as chance would have it.
(97),

of Catilma,

the Capitol.
Cappadocia, -ae, /, the name of a
district of Asia Minor.

captivus,

carrus,

established

Capitolium,

carptus,

See also facio, habeo, and pono.

Castra (-orum, .) Cornelia (-orum),

dog.

cano, 3, cecini, play, sing.

cantus, -us, m. t singing,

capio,

carpsi,

3,

Caesar.

clever.

Canada, -ae,/, Canada.

Camnius, -ni, m., (Gaius) Caninius

-is, c.,

carpo,

ers implicated in the

Camillus, -I, m., (Marcus) Camillus,

a hero of ancient Rome.

canis,

caro, carnis,/, meat, flesh.

Casca, -ae, m., the

pey's navy (117).

callidus, -a,

the Revolutionary

pluck.

caelum,

caespes,

officer in

War.
Carolaena, -ae,/, Carolina.

-is,/., slaughter,

sacre,

a British

-ae,

m.,

(115),

(Lucius Sergius)

Catiline, a politician

who conspired to

overthrow the government of Rome.

causa, -ae,/, cause, grounds, excuse,
occasion; case (41). Abl. causa,

of the gerundive, gerund^

or abstract noun, for the purpose
(of), for the business (of), for purposes (of), with the idea (of), with

-with gen.

a view to,

etc.

for that reason.

ob earn causam,

FIRST LATIN
cavus,

-a,

-um, hollow.

3, cessi,

loco cedere, leave

abandon (one's)
celebro,

I,

celeritas,

est,

fall

(one's)

back.

station,

position, give way.

celebrate.
-atis,

/, swiftness, speed,

swift action, haste.

celeriter, adv., quickly, swiftly, rapidly,

speedily,

fast

in

haste,

hastily.

speed, with great

SufierI., at top

speed, with all speed.

cena, -ae,/, dinner,

ceno,

i,

censeo,

as

(one's) opinion;

girdle, encircle.

-orris,

m., captain, lieutenant,

sergeant; centurion (103

circumsisto,

-stiti or -steti, rally

3,

-itus,

(gather, crowd) around.

i, -stiti,

stand about; sur-

circumvenio,

hem

Civis,

-is,

c.,

citizen,
TV.,

clades, -is,/, disaster.

any

watch (128).
rate, certainly;

as

a matter of fact (90).

sured (135); (a) particular (89).

See also cognosco, facio, and fio.
ceteri, -ae, -a, the other, the rest (of).

the others, the rest,

the other men.

m., food.

(gen. pi.

-um

-avi,

i,

-atum

est, cry out,

call out.

-oris, m., cry, shout.

clamor,

-um, famous, prominent;

clarus, -a,

loud (86).
classis,'-is,/, fleet.
3,

-i,

tn.,

(Gnaeus).
( i )

Marcus Tullius coegi, coactus,

-a,

-um, see cogo.

coepi, coepisse, coeptus, began,

preceding.

coerced,

Cimber,

shut

clausi, clausus, close;

up, confine (91).

Cn., abbreviation of Cnaeus,

Cicero, consul in 63 B.C.; (2) Quintus Tullius Cicero, brother of the

Cilicia, -ae,/, the

in Asia Minor.

or

state, country.

clam, adv., secretly, stealthily, quietly;

unnoticed, unobserved.

claudo,

Ceutrones, -um, m., the name of a

people of northern Gaul,
m.,

-atis,

-ium),

clamo,

certus, -a, -um, certain, definite; as-

As masc. noun,

fellow-citizen,

men, people, townsmen.

discern, observe;

-orris,

bring to

(one's) country-

cerno, 3, (crevl, certus), see, descry,

Cicero,

in,

bay; flank, turn the flank (of).

civitas,

-I,

sur-

-veni, -ventus,

4,

round, encircle,

Cercas, -ae, m., (Benjamin) Church, a

celebrated Indian fighter.

cibus,

the

-ii,

countryman.

ff.).

cepi, see capio.

certe, adv., at

make

circumeo, -ire,
rounds of.

citro, adv., see ultrd.

urge (120).
centurio,

in the neighborhood of (116).

circumdo, i, -dedi, -datus, surround,

round, encircle.

(census), express (the)

opinion, give

-us,

circumsto,

-avi, (-atus), dine, take dinner,

2, -ui,

m., circuit, detour;

circumference (no).
circum, prep, with ace., around, about,
circuitus,,

cessum

205

about

circiter, adv.,

cecidi, see cado.

cedo,

READER

name

of a district

-bri, m., see Tillius.

menced

2,

com-

proceeded (130).
-ercui, -ercitus,

hold in

check.
Cdgito,
abl.,

I, think, imagine; with de and

have (any) thought (of) (51).

FIRST LATIN READER

206

3, cognovi, cognitus, get acquainted with, learn (of)> fathom,

find, observe; be informed, hear,
gain information; get information

cognosce,

89):

(case).

try

Pass.,

be-

come known, be known, certius

C0gn5scere, get more definite information (115).
cogo,

oblige, constrain, impel, lead ( 1 26)

bring together,

collect, gather,

call

together, call in, get together; con-

crowd; muster, organize.

/, cohort, cohors prae-

centrate,

Conors,

-rtis,

i,

rally,

cheer on;

urge,

inter se cohortari; exhort

exhort,

one another (127).

I,

place, put, deposit; station,

quarter, settle; establish,

build: arrange, place, lay (ambus;

(camp);

mount

(artillery)

stack

(arms),

in

pitch

acie

collocare, form in line.

colloquium,

-I,

.,

conference, inter-

view.

battle,
offer

begin battle, engage in battle,

battle,

(battle)

pass.,

fight;

take place;

proelio

rem commit-

an engagement, bring on
an engagement.
commodus, -a, -um, easy, expeditious

As noun, commodum,

(130).

-I,

.,

well-being.

Commoris, -is,/

name

of

(ace. sing,

small town

-im), the
of Asia

commoveo,
stir

2,

(75),

-movi, -motus, move,

alarm (138). Partic.,

-um,

-a,

disturbed,

upset, startled, alarmed;

concerned, stirred up, wrought up;

spurred on, moved. Ira commoveri,

become

angry.

communis,
compello,

compleo,

2,

swamp

-is, -e,

common.
-pulsus, drive, force.

3, -pull,

-plevi, -pletus,

(4),

fill, fill

choke (122);

up;

supply

(118).

colloquor, 3, -locutus sum, converse,

talk, have an interview.
colonia, -ae,/., colony.

colonus,

-I,

m.

-i,

m.

(90).

companion, attendant,
follower; hanger-on, minion (71).

men

(22, 74), (one's)

fellows (86).

to a considerable

few, numerous;

number (139);

-itis, c.,

/., (one's)

complures, -es, -a, several, several of,

some, (quite) a number of, quite a

colonist, settler.

(Christopher) Columbus, the discoverer of America.

Columbus,
comes,

join,

excited,

locate,

cade)

-missus,

-misi,

3,

consign, proelium committere, join

commotus,

collis, -is, #*., hill.

C0lloc5,

relate, rehearse, state,

Minor.

toria, bodyguard.

cohortor,

i,

note.

tere, risk

coegi, coactus, compel, force,

3,

(a northern district of Syria).

commemoro,

of committo,

realize (93, 122); recognize

(no);
(63,

conception

(some)

gain

of,

Commagenus, -a, -um, of Commagene

COmportO,

several (in

number)

bring together, gather

I,

together, get together, collect; get

in, lay in

(109).

comprehends,

3,

-prehendi, -prehencatch (fire).

sus, arrest (132);

comitas, -atis,/, kindliness, courtesy.

conatus, -us, m., attempt.

comiter, adv., courteously (29), kindly

(62); on friendly terms (23).

concedo,

3,

-cessi,

grant, concede,

-cessus,

allow,

FIRST LATIN
concilium,

-I,

powwow;

council

.,

(of war),

3, -curri,

body (34).
-cursum est, rush

(together), run.

inter se concur-

concurro,

(deliberative)

rere, charge

condicio,

upon one another (117).

-onis, f.,

(no); cor dition,

terms;

proposal

plight (91).

condo, 3, -didi, -ditus, store, deposit,

hide away; found, establish (city,

conduce,

-duxi, -ductus, hire, en-

3,

gage.
confero,

-ferre,

conlatus,

contuli,

bring together (117). se cSnferre,

betake (one's) self, make (one's)

way, proceed; withdraw, return.

confertus, -a, -um, partic. as adj.,
dense (107), solid (63); (the) thick
adv.,

at

once,

quickly,
forthwith, immediately, without dein

haste, hastily, in

a hurry,

3, -feel,

com-

-fectus, finish,

plete, accomplish, bring to pass

to a conclusion (140);

wear

push
out,

exhaust, weaken, overcome.

cdnfirmd,

cheer

declare;

assert,

I,

3, -f odi,

conicio,

3,

icere,

-ieci,

with,

put to
3,

discharge,

cast;

shower,
con-

fugam

flight, rout.

conservS, i, preserve (116), save,

look out for; husband (101), spare
(ISO)-

-sessum

3, -sedi,

est, settle,

take up quarters; encamp, bivouac;

take up (a) position (112); come
to a halt (114).

consilium,

-li,

.,

plan, plans, plan of

action, policy, course;

design, purpose, scheme, project, venture; device,

trick

expedient,
:

stratagem,
council (of
PL, course (135).

plot,

advice, counsel;

See also muto.

consisto, 3, -stiti, -stitum est, stop,
halt, come to a halt; take (one's)
stand,

self;

remain (at anchor), in orbem

consistere, form in a circle.

ride,

consoler, i, comfort,
dress kindly (130).

conspectus, -us,

/;/.,

reassure;

ad-

sight, view.

-iunxi, -iunctus,

constituo,

3, -stitui, -stitiitus,

decide,

determine, plan; designate, appoint

join,

se coniungere, join, unite, effect (a)

junction, join forces; ally one's self
(103), cast in one's lot (130).

coniuratid, -onis,/, conspiracy.

CO lOr, I, try, attempt, endeavor.
3,

come up

with; follow (90).

constantia, -ae,/, firmness, resolution,

coolness
steadfastness, reliability;

-iectus,

throw,

shoot,

conscendo,

-secutus sum, catch up,

come up; catch up

-fossus, pierce, slay.

in (missiles), in

coniungo,

3,

conspicio, 3, -spexi, -spectus, see,

catch sight of; look on (87).

reassure,

steady (120).

c5nfodio,

pour

consequor,

(rampart)

scale (wall).

fortify,

(up), encourage,

hurl,

man

stand, station (one's)

hurriedly.
conficio,

up (64); go on board, come on board,

war), conference.

(of) (136).

COnfestim,

207

embark upon
mount (horse);

cdnsldo,

state).

lay;

READER

-scendi, -scensus, climb

draw

(89); fix, establish, organize;

up, station (115).

consuesco,

3,

-suevi, (-suetus)

(with force of present}

perf.

be accus-

tomed, be wont, be in the habit

(of); translated impersonally, be
(one's) custom.

FIRST LATIN

208

consuetude, -inis,/, practice, custom,

policy

the ordinary (133).

consulo,

make

(-sultus), take
provision, look out.

consulto, adv., purposely, designedly.

consum5, 3, -sumpsi, -sumptus, use

up:

eat, eat

pass (time),

spend,
igm consumere, burn.
destroy;

up;

contendo, 3, -tendi, (-tentus), proceed, march, make one's way; press

(push) on, keep on, forge ahead,
hurry: beg (129).
continens, -entis, partic. as adj., continuous, unremitting, unbroken.

noun,

continens,

-entis,

2,

assembly,

meeting.

contuli, see confero.

insult, affront, in-

dignity, illtreatment; taunt.

convenio,

4, -veni,

come

together, gather, assemble.

converto, 3, -verti, -versus, turn ( 1 28)

se condirect (114), convert (96).

vertere, turn, give attention (90).
i, call

convene,

call,

together, get together,

summon.

coorior, 4, -ortus

sum,

PI.,

forces,

supplies,

troops,

arise,

come

up,

stores;

companies,

force,

army

(one's) following (138).

Coriolanus, -I, m., (Gaius) Coriolanus,

a Roman who fought against his
country.

m., (Lord) Cornwal-

tionary War.

corpus, -oris,

.,

body.

COtidie, adv., daily, every day.

Cotta, -ae, m., (Lucius) Cotta, lieutenant to Caesar in the Gallic war.

Crassus, -I, m., (Marcus) Crassus, lieutenant to Caesar in the Gallic war.
credo,

credidi,

3,

creditus, believe,

think.
-us, m., torture, pain, suf-

fering, agony.

crudelitas, -atis, /, cruelty, barbarity,

cruentus, -a, -um, bloody.

Cuba, -ae,/, Cuba.

cum, conj., (time and circumstance)
when, while, after, as; at a time

when
much
best

(10)
as,

since,

(cause]

as:

{concession)

inas-

though,

With subjunctive,

often

rendered by a participial phrase.

cum
turn, not only
cum primum, as soon
.

as,

but also ;

when

first.

-with abl., with,

cum, prep,

along with.

habeo (secum), simul,

See also

and una.
cuneus,

spring up ; close in (106).

copia, -ae,/i, supply, abundance; outfit.

-is,

a British general in the Revolu-

although.

-ventus, meet, in-

terview, have interview with, see

COnvoco,

lis,

savagery.
;

contra, prep, with ace., against, in the

direction of (126).

contumelia, -ae, /,

Cornivallis,

crudelis, -is, -e, cruel, savage.

-tinui, -tentus, confine,

coop up, restrain.

contio, -onis, /., address

-um, see Castra Cor-

-a,

As cruciatus,
(sc.

/.

terra), mainland (100, 101).

contineo,

Cornelius,
nelia.

-sului,

3,

measures,

READER

-i,

m., wedge, stake.

cupide, adv., eagerly, with great eagerness.

cur, adv., why,

on account of which.

Curio, -onis, m., (Gaius) Curio, commander of Caesar's forces in Africa.

euro,

i,

care

treat

for;

watch over (47)

care

(wounds);
for, have

regard for (91).

curro,

3,

cucurri,

cursum

est, run,

FIRST LATIN

READER

209

rush; run about (90); run, play (of deiciS, 3, -ieci, -iectus, hurl down,
hurl back (86) ; tear down, destroy
fire) (90).

cursus, -us, m., course, stretch.

watch, pickets.
custSdiS, 4, -ivi, -itus, guard, watch.

memoria

custSdire, remember,

name

with

of a

disappointed (in).
deinde. adv., then, next, later, subsequently.

nare,

condemn,

i,

condemn

capitis

-I,

m.

dam-

down

with reference to;

from,

ten.

rule

in

-etus, destroy,

-evi,

2,

away with; demolish,

deligo,

3, -legi,

make

raze.

-Iectus, choose, select,

adj.,

delectus, -a, -um, chosen (34).

-misi, -missus, lower.
3,

demittd,

animo

downcast, crestfallen;

de-

missus, disheartened, discouraged,

se

dedi, see do.

deditiS, -Snis,/i, surrender.

See also

veniS.

animo demittere, lose

demonstro,

i,

point

heart (83)

mention;

out,

explain (108).
-ditus, give up, surren-

3, -didi,

Partic. as noun, dediti, -orum,

der.

of a native

Roman

Partic. as adj., demissus, -a, -um,

from.

decem, indeclinable adj.,

decimus, -a, -um, tenth.

dedo,

name

pickout, appoint, delegate. Partic. as

to death.

de, prep, with abl., about, concerning,

of,

m., the

delatus, -a, -um, see defero.

abbreviation of Decimus,

damno,

-I,

king who favored

Asia Minor.

deleo,
D.,

delectus, -a, -um,

abl., {freely)

Deiotarus,

custos, -Sdis, m., guard, sentinel.

Cybistra, -Srum, n., the

city of Asia Minor.

Partic.,

(99).

PL, guards,

custodia, -ae, /, custody.

demum,

adv., at length, finally, at last.

See also iam.

m., surrendered men, prisoners. denique, adv., finally, in fine.

se dedere, surrender, give one's self denuo, adv., anew, again, once more,
a second time.
up, capitulate.

deduce,

3,

-duxi, -ductus, lead forth,

transport,

conduct,

escort,

take,

withdraw, lead away,

away, recall; draw down (131).

bring, lead;
call

defends,

3,

-fendi, -fensus, defend,

down

-ferre,

defessus,

-posui, -positus, put

down, surrender

scend,

down

(office),

give up (hope).
descendo, 3, -scendi, -scensum

-a,

deser5,

bear
re-

est, de-

come down, charge down

-um, weary, tired

-feci,

3, -serui,

-sertus, desert, leave,

leave in the lurch.

desisto, 3, -stiti,

stitum

est,

desist,

cease. proeliS desistere, cease fight-

drift.

out,

ing, withdraw.

desum, deesse, defui,

out.

deficiS, 3,
fail,

-latus,

be carried,

Pass.,

worn

-lull,

(56), carry, bear, bring;

port.

3,

(load), lay

(121).

protect.

defensiS, -Snis,/!, defense.

defer5,

depend,

(-fectus), give out,

run low.

defigo,3,-fixi, -fixus, fix, plant, set up.

be

wanting

(84), be disloyal (14).

deterreS,

2,

-terrui, -territus,

scare away; intimidate.

keep off,

FIRST LATIN

210
detraho,

-tractus, pull (tear,

3, -traxi,

drag out (85).

strip) off;

detrimentum,

-i,

.,

gers), miss (121), lose possession of;

give up,

disaster, reverse,

calamity, loss, harm, misfortune, missource of danger

;

hap, accident

off,

detuli, see def er5.

m.

-1,

and

(dat.

abl. pi.,

dels,

devius,

-a,

devoro,

i,

-I,

.,

part

(128).

-um, out of the way.

disco,

died, 3, dixi, dictus, say, speak, de-

3, didici,

mention, remark, suggest;

report,

view),

(sentiment,

express

male

(suggestion),

make

dicere, swear,

curse.

learn, acquire.

tinue (the) discussion (104).

day to day.
postpone.

off,

difficilis, -is, -e,

hard,

delicate

difficult,

trouble-

(business),

ob-

structed (slope).

neque
and ... no longer; nor
very long (129); n5n diutius, no
diversus,

-um,

-visi,

3,

diligenter, adv., diligently, carefully,

with care; busily (100); with all
diligence (137).
dfligentia,

-ae,

/, care, pains (99),

carefulness, vigilance.

dimico,

i,

-avi,

-atum

est, fight, con-

tend, struggle, be at war; do (one's)

fighting (101).

dimitto,
;

3,

-misi, -missus, let go, re(through one's fin-

let slip

different, various.

-visus, divide, split

up.
d5, dare, dedi, datus, give, grant, present ; communicate, supply, provide ;
afford, offer, allow (109, 129)

Pass.,

present

in custddiam

(121).

arrested, arrest;

ing.

See also iam.

-a,

(signal).

dignitas, -atis, /, reputation, stand-

a long time (period);

length.

diutius,

divido,

differo, -ferre, distuli, dflatus, scatter;

for

at

(^discuss)

longer.

m. and f., day. in dies, from

dies, -el,

lease

inferior

-posui, -positus, arrange,

communicate, announce, diu, adv., long,

clare, tell,

some

dispute, -avi, -atum est, discuss, con-

hand.

put

(no)

discessus, -us, m., withdrawal, recall.

As noun, dispono, 3,
station.
manus), right

(sc.

est, with-

ab armis discedere,

leave, desert,

dexter, -tra, -trum, right.

-cessum

3, -cessi,

draw, depart, go (off), march away,

retreat, leave; recede (66); move
With ab or ex andabL,
( 103, 105).

discedere, be beaten (39).

inn, tavern.

devour.

dextra, -ae.

send away, allow to desend out (108); send on

discard (one's) arms

diis, or dis), god.

deversorium,

abandon (36), forego (97)

dismiss,

discedo,

(100).

detrudo, 3, -trusi, -trusus, push

shove off.

deus,

READER

in

sound

(it) self

dare,

have

fugam dare, put

to

flight, rout, disperse;

operam
dare, give attention (91,108); try,
see to it (135); poenas dare, (pay

the penalty), be punished;

sesomno

dare, go to sleep, betake one's self

to rest

vela dare, set

sail.

doctus, show, point out

inform, tell; state, remind.

doceo,

2, -ui,

dolor, -oris, /., distress, grief;

of chagrin.

matter

FIRST LATIN READER

dominus,

-i,

Domitius,

m., master, owner.

-ti,

effero,

m., (Gnaeus) Domitius,

a cavalry officer in Curio's army.

dwelling, dwelling place; domi, at

home; domo, from home (see also

domum, homeward,
egredior);
home, toward home, for home; to
(their) homes (96).
conj., until.
-i, n., gift,

dubito,

i,

dubius,

-a,

est, hesitate.

-um, doubtful, uncertain.

., doubt (126).

As ft0Ktt,dubiuin,-i,
ducenti, -ae,

duco,

-a,

two hundred.

duxi, ductus, lead,

3,

be commander of

(9,

draw,

conduct, take;

in

stretch (chain),

when; provided

34)

pull

bring,

(56);

matrimonium

make

(one's)

(one's) escape,

succeed in escaping, slip away, get

away; find relief from (134).
egi, see ago.
I.

3, -gressus sum, go out;

march
disembark, come ashore;

forth,

file

make

(one's)

way

retire,

start

(107);

out, pass

out, step

out

out,

come

set

depart;
(122).

out,

forth,

out

domo

egredi, leave home.

elatus, -a, -um, see effero.

Eleutherocilices, -um,

the Free

//*.,

Cilicians.
elicio, 3, -licui, -licitus, lure forth, lure.

Elizabeta, -ae,/, Elizabeth.

only.

duo, duae, duo, two, the two.

eludo,

duodecim, indeclinable adj., twelve.

dux, duels, c., leader, commander,
captain,

make good

escape,

go forth;

command,

ducere, marry, take in marriage.

dum, conj., while, as, during the time

chief,

effugio, 3, -fugi, escape,

egredior,

present.

-atum

-avi,

accomplish,
construct (99).

(it) to pass;

ego, mei,

donum,

carry

bring (forth).

-feel, -fectus,

3,

bring

elatus,

extuli,

forth, carry out,

efficio,

domus, -US,/, house, home, residence,

donee,

-ferre,

211

conductor,

officer;

3, -lusi,

emigre,

-avi,

i,

-atum

est, emigrate,

move away.
emitto,

guide.

-lusus, outwit, cheat,

get the better of.

3,

-misi, -missus, send forth,

send out.
e,

prep, with

emo,

source}, from, (out) of, from out,

out from; beyond (sight); after, in

3, emi, emptus, buy, purchase;

buy up (91).
emptio, -onis, /, buying; with gen.,

accordance with; (material),

from ;
out
of,
{partitive),

enim,

ex,

from.

abl.,

(separation,

of,

of,

See also acies, discedo, and

Eboracum

(-1,

n.}

Novum

(-1),

(City).

edo, 3, edi, esus, eat.

3,

magis, (on this account the

unde, to
more), all the more; eo
a point where.
.

New

ecfrenate, adv., wildly.

edf-,

conj., for.

60, adv., thither, to that place, there.

eo

pars.

Eboracopolis, -is,/, Yorktown.

York

traffic (in).

-didi, -ditus, utter, give forth,

give voice to.

ire, ii, itum est, go, advance.

With ad and ace., go to meet (107).
eodem, adv., to the same place (spot)
to this same point (73)
for the
same point (destination). (117).

eo,

FIRST LATIN READER

212

Epiphanea, -ae,/, the name of a

city

-itis,

m., horseman, knight.

cavalry,

horsemen; cavalry de-

eques,
/"/.,

tachment (117).
equitatus, -us, w., cavalry,

cavalry
force, cavalry detachment, force of
cavalry; horsemen, horse.

equus,

See also veho.

m., horse.

-I,

exercitus, -us, m., army, force, com-

mand.

of Asia Minor.

exigo,

-actus, collect (taxes)

3, -egi,

-um, completed, ended.

-a, -um, small, weak;

exiguus,

-reptus, wrest, reWith dat., take

rescue.

cover,

away (from) (71).

erro,
i,
-avi, -atum

existimo,

think,

I,

believe,

3,

judge,

fancy, feel.

solu-

tion.

expedio,

make

4,-ivi, -itus,

ready, get

ready, get out;

prime (weapons).
-um, partic. as adj un-

wander expeditus, -a,

encumbered (by baggage), in light
marching order. As w0#;/,expediti,
(-ruptus), burst

(about), stray.

erumpo,

faint

(sound).

Erana, -ae /., the name of a town of exitialis, -is, -e, deadly, fatal.
Asia Minor.
exitus, -us, m., means of egress
eripio, 3, -ripui,

Partic., exactus, -a,

pass (time).

-rupi,

est,

(rush) forth, burst (rush) out, dart

-6rum, m., light-armed troops.

break out, break through expello, 3, -pull, -pulsus, drive out ;
(43), break away (64), make a
dispel (doubt).
dash (68).
explico, i, -avi or -ui, -atus or -itus,
(out)

eruptio, -5nis,/, sally, sortie.

et, both
et, conj., and. et
.

etiam, adv., even, also, too.

quin etiam and solum.
etsi, conj., although,

Europa,
evado,

deploy, arrange.
.

and.

See also

explore,

even though.

-vasi,

-vasum

est, get out,

escape; emerge (82).

evenio, 4, -veni,

-ventum

explore, reconnoitre, ex-

i,

amine, inspect.

expugno,

-ae,/., Europe.

3,

explorator, -oris, m., scout, explorer,

frontiersman.

take

i,

by storm, storm,

capture, take.
exsilio, 4, -silui, leap out;

est, turn

out, go, proceed.

spring up

(20); leap (80).

exsilium,

-I,

exspecto,

I,

.,

exile.

'

eventus, -us,
/.,
outcome, sequel;
net result (no).
ex, see

excido,
excipio,

-um, see exigS.

-cidi, -cisus, cut down.

-a,

3,

3, -cepi,

-ceptus, except; with-

stand (35); await, meet (37,101).

I, rouse, rouse up.

excito,

exeo, -ire,

come
forth;

(arrival) of, delay for

look forward

e.

exactus,

coming

await, wait for, await the

-ii,

(6 7

depart, retire.

march

(in);

anticipate;

wait

-structus,

con-

121).

exstruo,

3,

-struxi,

struct, build.

extinguo,

3,

extinxi, extinctus, ex-

tinguish, put out.

-itum est, go out (forth), extra,

out (forth), go (out),

to,

of,

prep,
outside,

(127).

with

ace.,

without;

outside

beyond

FIRST LATIN READER

Faber,

-bri, m.,

Fabius,

m.,

-bi,

(Captain John) Smith.

( i ) Gaius Fabius, lieu-

Curio's army;

Sanga, a lawyer

who helped

Cicero

in the suppression of the conspiracy

facile, adv., easily, with great ease, with-

out trouble, without difficulty, readily.

-oris,

crime,

n.,

outrage;

deed, exploit, feat.

feci,

3,

factus,

choose,

construct;

do,

perform,

(ambuscade)

lay, place

liver

elect,

carry out (massacre)

(announcement)

build,

appoint,
;

make,

make, de-

afford (op-

portunity); inflict (injury); leave

(tracks); take (departure), castra
facere,

encamp;

facere,

inform,

word

to, notify

petum

certiorem (-es)
send

enlighten,

(see also flo)

facere,

charge;

im-

iniurias

facere, with dat., illtreat (4)

iter

facere, travel, journey, march, ad-

vance,

(21);

on; range
stipendia facere, serve (in
proceed, push

See also

army).

fi5.

town of Etruria)
fallo,

-i,

3,

As noun, Faesula-

m., (a) citizen of Faesulae.

fefelli,

falsus,

disappoint.

Partic. as adj., falsus, -a, -um, false,

fictitious

(137).

fames, -is,/, hunger, starvation.

See

be

2,

favi,

fautum

est, with dat.,

favorably disposed

sympathy

beast).

Ferdinandus,

-i,

m., Ferdinand, king

fere, adv., about, nearly, almost.

f ero, ferre, tuli, latus, carry, bear, bring;

endure, put up with, bear, withstand,

hold out against; permit
for

call

(139),

(standards)

be carried

Pass.,

ure).

(to),

(for), side (with).

fefelli, see fallo.

(127):

advance

cast (vote), pass (meas-

(hurled,

thrown), roll, auxilium ferre, bring

bring help, give assistance,
lend aid, lend a hand, assist; with
relief,

help; moleste ferre,

be indignant, be in a
of indignation, be aggrieved,

dat., support,

be

irritated,

state

feel (it) keenly (60), regret (95,

97); chafe under, chafe at, bear
with irritation (34, 55).

fidelis, -is, -e, faithful, loyal, reliable.

fides, -el,/,

credence; loyalty (120).

-ae,/, daughter.
filius, -li, m., son; the younger, junior

filia,

finis,

-is,

(89).

m.,

PI.,

end,

feel

objective

boundaries,

point

border;

territory, land, lands, country.

f initimus, -a, -um, neighboring, near-

by, adjacent.

As noun,

finitimi,

-6rum, m., adjacent peoples (138).

fio, fieri, factus sum, be done, take
place ; be accomplished, be gone

through with (109)

also need.

faveo,

and unsuc-

(5).

f acultas, -atis,/, opportunity, chance.

Faesulanus, -a, -um, of Faesulae (a

nus,

feliciter,

cessfully.

brave,

make; commit, perpetrate;

make

nec

perously,

of Spain.

of Catiline.

facio,

feliciter, adv., successfully, well, pros-

See (rem) gero.

fenestra, -ae,/, window.
(3) Quintus Fabius fera, -ae, f., wild animal (creature,

tenant to Caesar in the Gallic war;

(2) Fabius Paelignus, a soldier in

facinus,

213

come

to pass, arise,

come on

be,

be made, be apcertior (-es) fieri, be in-

become, grow
pointed,

happen, occur,

formed, learn.

See also facio.

FIRST LATIN READER

firmo,

frequens, -entis,
numbers.

secure, strengthen.

i,

firmus,

-a, -urn, strong.

Flamininus,

-i,

Flamininus, a

m., (Titus Quinctius)

Roman ex-consul.

fletum

fleo, 2, flevi,

est,

weep,

cry.

flumen,

wave.

-inis, n., river,

large

frigidus, -a, -um, icy.

-oris,

frigus,

stream, cur-

cold.

.,

PI.,

cold

without success.

advers5 flumine, up the frustum,

rent (73).

in

frumentum, -i, n., grain, corn.

frustra, adv., in vain, to no purpose,

m., blossom, flower.

fluctus, -us, m.,

//.,

channel, sound.

n., strait,

-i,

weather (7).

Florida, -ae,/, Florida.

flos, floris,

fretum,

ad),

-i, n., bit,

piece.

up (the) stream, (on) up the fuga, -ae, /, flight, rout, retreat, esdefection (117). See also
stream (98)
secundo flumine, with
cape
the current, downstream.
conicio and do.
river,

flu5, 3, fluxi, (fluxus), flow.

folium,

fugio, 3, fugi,

adv.,

casually,

retreat (127).

by chance, accidentally,
as
it
chanced;
per-

chance (77).
fortis,

-is,

-e,

courageous,

heroic.
fortiter, adv., bravely, courageously,

with courage,
stoutly ;
with bravery, with fortitude (52) ;
like a man (68).
valiantly,

fortitude, -inis,/, fortitude, heroism;

(61).

spirit

fumus,

fortuna, -ae, /., fortune, fate, luck ;

good fortune (135). PL, well-

m., smoke.

-i,

Gabinius,
brave,

Partic. as adj.,

fugiens, -entis, flying (59, 70), in

fdns, fontis, m., spring.

foris, -is, m. ; pi , door.
forte,

flee, retreat, retire, slip

away; hurry, run.

n., leaf.

-i,

-ni,

(Capito),

m., (Publius) Gabinius

person implicated in

Catiline's conspiracy.
Gallia, -ae,/, France ; Gaul (101 ff.).
Gallicus, -a, -um, French ; Gallic

(126 ff.).

As noun, Gal-

Gallus, -a, -um, Gallic.

m., (a) Gaul

lus,

-i,

(45

ff.);

gaudeo,

2,

the Gauls

//.,

the French, Frenchmen.

gavisus sum,

rejoice,

be

delighted (pleased, glad).

As proper name, Fortuna, gaza, -ae,/, treasure.

name of the goddess of gemitus, -us, m., groan.

being.

-ae,/, the
fortune.

gens, gentis,/, nation, tribe, people.

market place. In particular, the market place at Rome,

the Forum.

genus,

forum,

-i, n.,

fossa, -ae,/, ditch, moat.

frango,

3,

fregi,

fractus,

wreck; break down (26); break,

humble (140), discourage, dishearten (33).
f rater, -tris, m., brother.

birth, family

German!, -drum, m., the Germans.

ger5,

break,

-eris, n., class;

(136).

3,

gessi, gestus, do, accomplish,

(4), carry through to com-

manage
pletion

(129)

wear (22, 99).

have

happen, go on, proceed,

gerere,

(quarrel);

Pass., take

wage war,

fight,

place,

bellum
carry on

READER

FIRST LATIN
war, be at war, take the

field,

go on Hadrumetum, -i,
town of northern

the warpath, rem bene (feliciter)

gerere, be successful, have (any)

success, act successfully; se gerere,

behave,

act,

See also

res.

self.

comport (one's)

-I,

m., sword.

gratia, -ae,/, favor (89).

Henricus,

PL, thanks.
satisfac-

pressing (in); extortionate, ruinous (137): serious, dangerous (disease); heavy, deep, sound (sleep).
adv.,

severely

deeply,

seriously,

much,

longinquus,

longus,

-i,

;;/.,

Henry,

of

king

exceed-

greatly,

herba, -ae, /, grass.

winter quarters,
hiberna, -orum,
.,
winter camp, winter encampment.
hie,

grateful (45).

heavy; trying (no),

-is, -e,

graviter,

harena, -ae,/, sand.

adv., by no means, not very,
See also aequus, invitus,
not.

Portugal.

-um, acceptable,

tory, attractive

gravis,

of a

magnus, and procul.

Gorgia, -ae,/, Georgia.

Graecus, -a, -um, Greek.

-a,

name

the

Africa.

Hannibal, -alis, ;., the name of a

famous Carthaginian general.

libenter,

gloria, -ae,/, luster, renown.

glorior, i, boast.

gratus,

.,

haud,

glacies, -ei,/, ice.

gladius,

215

ingly.

adv., here.

hie, haec, hoc, this, that;

(sc. via),

by

this route.

abl.,

hac

As noun,

he,

they, this, these; neut., this (thing,

action, consideration, story, etc.).
i, -avi, -atum est, pass the
winter, winter, be quartered for the
winter.

hiemo,

-drum, m., the name of a

people of northern Gaul.

hiems, -emis, /, winter, winter time,

steering oar. PL,

Hispani, -drum, m., the Spanish, the

Grudii,

gubernaculum,

-i,

steering gear,

n.,

tiller,

helm.

winter season.

Spaniards.

gubernator, -oris, m., helmsman,

pilot.

Hispania, -ae,/, Spain.

Hispaniensis,

habeo,
hold,

2, -ui, -itus,

regard

deliver,

get,

make

make

(speech),

(135)

set

;
:

forth

attain

(renown, crebene se habere, have a

(argument)
dence),

have, hold, keep

good time
encamped
tend, plan

castra habere, remain

in

animo

think

ing a thing)

fcabere, in-

consider (doin incertd habere,

of,

-is,

-e,

noun, Hispaniensis,

of Spain.
-is,

As

m., (a) na-

tive of Spain.

homo,

-inis,

c.,

vidual, person,

man, fellow, indibody; he, the man.

PL, people, mankind (23).

honor, -oris, m., honor, mark of distinction; esteem,

honor

deference

(81).

hora, -ae,/, hour.

be undecided; res ita se habere, Horatius,

matters stand thus

(53);

secum

habere, harbor (132).

habit5,

i,

-avi,

be located.

(-atus), live, dwell,

-ti, m., Horatius (Codes),

a hero of early Rome.

horrendus,
hortor,

i,

-a,

-um, awful,

frightful.

urge, exhort, direct; encour-

age, cheer, rally;

beg (102, 104).

READER

FIRST LATIN

216
hortus,

-I,

hostis,

-is,

advantage; blockaded,

m., garden.

choked:

m., enemy.

hue, adv., to this place, thither.

difficult

imperator,

-oris,

obstructed,

(ground)

(128).
general, com-

;//.,

Hudso, -6nis, m., (i) Henry Hudson,

mander, commanding general (offithe explorer ; (2) the name of a
cer), commander in chief.
river of New York state.
imperium, -ri, n., order (129), command (44); sway, control (81),
humus, -I, /., ground ; humi, on the
in (to) the

ground, upon the ground;

ground (90).

government, rule (140).

impero,

ibi, adv., there, at that point, in that

region, right there.

order, direct.

impetrd,

idem, eadem, idem, the same, that

impetus,

same, this same; the very (7).

noun, the same

man;

ncut.,

As
the

(thing, story, procedure, etc.).

id5neus,

-a,

-um,

suitable,

well-adapted

satisfactory,

proper,
favor-

able (wind).

and
ignis,

therefore,

conj.,

accordingly,

-is,

m.,

PL, flames.

ignominia,

fire,

light,

camp

fire.

See also consume.

tion.

-um,

unknown,

unex-

ilia,

illud,

buy

attack,

assault,

or in

3,

-posui, -positus, with dat.

and

ace., place,

load (upon,

on).

imus,

-um, see inferior.

-a,

>

(i) with abl., in, at, on, upon,

on board, on the surface of ; within,

prep.

in the midst of,

ace., into,
;

to,

among

(2) with

into the territory

in,

against, upon, on, at,

toward, for

among ;

out upon (51).

-di,

.,

fire,

conflagra-

tion.
3,

-cendi, -census, burn (up),

destroy by

fire;

set fire to, fire.

incertus, -a, -um, irregular, devious

plored, strange.
ille,

impono,

incendo,

ignotus, -a,

m.,

-us,

incendium,

-ae, f., disgrace, humilia-

win, gain, secure

charge, onset, onslaught.

of

so.

i,

(40-

in,

Idus, -uum, /, the Ides (the I3th of

some months, the i5th of others).
igitur,

est, with dat.

any, give orders (command,

direction, directions), issue orders,

Iconium, -m, ., the name of a town

of Asia Minor.

same

-atum

-avi,

i,

case, if

that,

this,

the.

As

noun, he, she, the one, they, these;

neut., this.

(107); insecure (135). As noun,

incertum, -i, n., uncertainty (135)
(see habeo).

illucesco, 3, -luxi, dawn.

incite,

i ,

spur on,

stir

up.

se incitare,

work one's self up (48).

impedimenta, -orum, n., baggage,
baggage train, stores; personal ef- incola, -ae, c., inhabitant, native.
fects (no).
incolo, 3, -colui, inhabit, occupy, popuimpedio,

4, -ivi, -itus, hinder, molest,

delay; put a damper upon (138).

Partic. as adj., impeditus, -a, -um,

hampered, weighed down,

at

dis-

late,

be settled

incolumis,

-is, -e,

in.

safe,

safety, unscathed,
free.

unharmed,

in

unmolested; scot

FIRST LATIN
incommodum,

n.,

-i,

inconvenience

(54), check, set-back, disaster, re-

-is,

fabulous, aston-

-e,

ishing.

from that point; from

there;

it.

fire.

indico,

declare

-dictus,

-dixi,

3,

,
-quii, say, exclaim, cry;
inquire, reply, retort.

inquam,

-urn,

-a,

inferior,

-ior,

weaker.

/.,

Indian.

(an)

As noun,

Indian;

inferior,

-ius,

imus,

Superl.,

-a,

(the) lowest (part of) (131).

//.,

lower,

-um,
See

also discedo.

dat.y inflict

make

(war

(upon), do (to),

upon),

iniurias

in-

(into), rush

(into),

trail.

/, ambuscade, ambush; treachery, underhand means

See also lateo.
(72).

insidiae, -arum,

indeclinable noun, with gen.,

instar,

the size (of), as large

3,

as.

-struxi, -structus,

form, marshal;

fit

draw up,

out, equip.

insula Longa,

insula, -ae,/, island,

Long Island.

As

integer, -gra, -grum, untouched.

ferre, "with dat., maltreat.

infestus, -a, -um, threatening, oppos-

fol-

vestigiis insequi, follow the

instruo,

infero, -ferre, intuli, inlatus, inflict;

(ruptus), break

-rupi,

dash (into) ; burst in, break in.

insequor, 3, -secutus sum, pursue,
low,

(war).

Indus, -i,
the Indians.

3,

burst

(into),

Indiana, -ae,/, Indiana.

noun,

-5rum,

integri,

m.,

fresh

troops.

ing.

ingredior,
effect

telum

fire,

hurl, shoot, discharge,

inmittere,

from inrumpd,

inde, adv., thence, from thence;

with

217

inopia, -ae,/, lack, need, scarcity.

verse.

incredibilis,

Indus,

READER

3,

-gressus

sum,

enter,

an entrance.

see,

-um, unfriendly, hostile,

ill-disposed. As noun, inimicus, -i,

inimicus,

intelleg5,

-a,

3,

-lexi,

-lectus, realize,

understand,

gather,

perceive,

know.

m., enemy, ill- wisher; superl., deadly

intempestus, -a, -um,

See nox.
able.

foe.

lit.,

unseason-

inter, prep, with ace.,

among, in the

iniquus, -a, -um, unfavorable.

midst of; between.

See also ago,

iniuria, -ae,/, injury, wrong, damage;

violence.
Abl. as adv.,
//., injuries,

cohortor, and concurro.

iniuria, unjustly, wrongfully, with-

out just cause (45).

and infero.

See also facio

capture.

time;

at times,

from time to

sometimes, occasionally;

in

some

cases (91).
interea, adv., in the meantime,

mean-

while.

(from).
inlido, 3, -lisi, -lisus, dash.

Pass.,

be

dashed, crash.
3,

cut off;

interdiu, by day, by daylight.

interdum, adv.,

iniussu, abl. of defective noun, with

gen., without the order (of), against
orders
the order (of), without

inmitto,

intercipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, intercept,

-misi, -missus, send, throw,

intere5, -ire,

-ii,

perish,

be

killed.

interficio, 3, -feci, -fectus, kill, slay,

put to death;

murder,

massacre,

FIRST LATIN

218
cut

kill off,

pieces,

off,

cut

cut down,

to

telo interficere, shoot dead.

interim, adv., meanwhile, in the meantime, the while.

intermitto,

leave between (126)..

interpono,

3, -postri,

put

pose,

-positus, inter-

enter,

make

step in (49)

(one's)

way

into;

out, discover,

7_5)-

-um, unwilling, against

(one's) will, against (one's) inclina-

invitus, -a,

ipse,

exceedingly

much against (one's)

invitus, nothing loath.
ipsum, himself,

ipsa,

themselves, gen.,

itself,

will,

herself,

own

(the

city) proper, (this, that) particular

so very (121).

Italia, -ae,/, Italy.

conj.,

and

so, accordingly.

journey, way, road,

.,

route, march, traveling, trip, stage

(138).

invisus, -a, -urn, odious; hated (48,

loath,

such a manner (122); at such

iter, itineris,

invenio, 4, -veni, -ventus, find, find

baud

in

on board itaque,

(7)-

with reluctance;

he, this

in this way, in the

followingway; with matters standing
thus (119); by this means (104):

speed (139)

enter, gain (harbor).

intus, adv., within, inside;

tion,

that

As no un,

of yours (134).

ita, adv., thus, so;

intervallum, -I, n., distance.

intra, prep, with ace., within, behind;
(over) within (113).
I,

between.

Pass., lie between, intervene.

intro,

(139)

iste, ista, istud, that, this;

hold)

(place,

a thing (132), a project

gen., his, her, their; of theirs
(138). id quod, what.
Isabella, -ae, f., the name of a queen
things

of Spain.

-misi, -missus, check;

3,

READER

in itinere, on the march,

on the road, on the

line of march,
during the journey; iter magnum,
See also facio.
forced march.

iterum, adv., again, a second time,

once again; the second time (64).

See also semel.

iaceo, 2, -ui,

Partic.

as

lie

lie,

adj.,

neglected (131).
iacens,

-entis,

prostrate.
iaci5, 3, ieci, iactus, throw, cast, shoot;

very,

own motion (24); in perown hand (136)

mere, even. As noun, he, the

man

himself, they,vr., his (own),

iam, adv., now, already,

on
son

their
;

with his

throw out (anchors).

lacso, -onis, m.,

(Andrew) Jackson.
at

length.

iam ante, previously iam demum,

now at length, at length; iam diu,
Ira, -ae,/, anger, wrath.
now for a long time, long since;
iratus, -a, -um, angry, in anger, in a
iam pridem, long since, long before.
passion, in (one's) wrath; hotly,
the name of a hill
laniculum, -i,
angrily (103).
their (own).

.,

is,

ea, id, this, the, that.

man

As noun,

he,

(103), she, they, these, those,

(the) people, (the)

this, that

men;

this thing, this

ne^^t., it,

purpose

(54), the things, the events, those

separated from
lasper,

-eri,

Rome

by the Tiber.

m., (Sergeant) Jasper, a

daring soldier of the Revolution.

luba, -ae, m., the name of an African
king.

FIRST LATIN
iubeo,

direct, bid,

say

tell,

I,

(89);

latebris, in hiding (32).

lateo, 2, -ui, hide, skulk, be in hiding,
lie in wait,
in insidiis latere, lie in

;;/.,

(Gaius) Junius, a solarmy in Gaul.

dier in Caesar's

luno, -5nis,

/.,

Juno,

//., rights, privileges,

preroga-

Abl. as adv., iure, rightfully,

with good right.

wait.

queen of the latus,

gods, as being the wife of Jupiter.

ius, iuris, w., law, rules (132); court

tives.

in

think, infer, believe, feel, be

lunius, -ni,

/, the name of a town

Greece.
latebrae, -arum, /, hiding place, sheltered spot (99); ambush (105). in

Pass.,

of the opinion.

(45)

-ae,

219

be

give orders, leave orders.

under orders, be ordered.
iudic5,

com- Larisa,

iussus, order,

iussi,

2,

mand,

READER

See also vocd.

-eris,

.,

flank (of army).

latus, -a, -um, see fero.

laudo,

I,

lectus,

-i, ///.,

praise,

commend.

bed, couch.

-I, m., captain, commander,

lieutenant, officer, staff officer (44),

legatus,

-is, m., young man, youth,

young fellow; with adj. force, youth-

subordinate officer (33); ambassa-

ful

132, 133, 134, 135, 138);

iuvenis,

(25).

iuv5,

i,

iuvi, iutus, aid, help, assist,

relieve, help out.

dor, messenger,

envoy

(42,

no,

130,

governor

(23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 62,

75, 76).

/, regiment;
PL, troops.

-onis,

legio,

K., abbreviation of Kalendae, -arum,

Calends (i.e. the first day of
f., the

(i02ff.).

legion

leniter, adv., slowly, leisurely.

Lexingto, -onis, ;., Lexington, a town

a month).

in Massachusetts.
L., abbreviation #/" Lucius, -ci,

m.

libenter, adv. , readily, cheerfully, with

Labienus,

-i, m.,
(Titus) Labienus,
lieutenant to Caesar in the Gallic

war.
difficulty,

work, exer-

strain, toil, labor,

tion, effort, fatigue (124).

laboro,

i,

-avi,

-atum

est,

work,

toil;

be hard pressed (136).

Liberia, -ae,/., the

of Africa.
liberd,

i,

name

of a country

free, relieve.

/,

-atis,

liburnica, -ae,

laetus, -a, -um, joyful, glad, happy,

with

joy,

with

alacrity (96), in high spirits (50).

Laodicea, -ae, /, the name of a city

of Asia Minor.
largior, 4, -itus

-orum, m., children.

liberty,

freedom,

emancipation.

lacus, -us, m., lake.

rejoicing, delighted;

liberi,

libertas,

lacrima, -ae,/, tear.

fice.

nee libenter, and unhappily.

tent;

labor, -oris, m., hardship,

trial;

pleasure, happily, gladly, with alacbaud libenter, with disconrity,

sum, give

freely, sacri-

f., sloop, cutter, brig-

antine.
licet, 2, licuit or

licitum est, imper-

sonal verb, be permitted.

lignatio, -dnis,/, felling (of) timber.
Lima, -ae, /., the name of a town of

South America.
lingua, -ae, /, tongue, language.

FIRST LATIN

22O

littera, -ae,/, letter (of the alphabet).

PL,

mes-

communication,

letter,

al-

sage ; document, paper (112);

litus, -oris, n., coast, shore.

Livius, -vi, m., (Titus) Livy, a famous

locus,

-I,

m.

ground,

.),

position,

PL,

position, light (118).

country (31,

omnibus

See

everywhere.
natura.

district,

location (65);

33);

(91).

quarters

post;

station (in life) (79);

(no):

part

also

locis,

and

cedo

New

n.)

(-ni,

Novum

London, a town

(-1),

in Connecti-

far,

(to)

a considerable

with

distance, to a great distance;

(by)

far,

much.

longinquus,
far

-a,

away,

longinquus,
longus,

-a,

at
at

distant, remote,

distance,

haud

no great distance.

-um, long,

haud longus,

no great (distance); longum

is

est,

too long (127), 'twould be a

See also msula

long tale (87).

and navis.
3,

and abl.,

talk (to).

magis,

a soldier in Caesar's

lusum
luna, -ae,/, moon.
3, lusi,

army

more (129); see

adv., compar.,

also ed

maxime,

Superl.,

(adv.}.

exceed-

especially;

times prefixed
to

force

an

in Gaul.

est, play, sport.

to

adj.

-tri,

some-

give superlative

or adv.

m., captain,

puerorum

magister, tutor, school teacher.

magnopere, adv., earnestly; unreasonably (103).
-a,

-um, great,

large, big, of

large size, huge, immense, extensive

abundant

dead (earnest),
excessive (heat), good (courage),
grave

(stores),

hearty,

(peril),

(thanks),

heavy,

heartfelt

severe,

serious

(loss), heavy, severe, violent (earth-

quake, storm), heroic

hope),

(spirit),

important

keen (anticipation),

ploit),

high
(ex-

liberal

(reward), loud (noise), long (distance),

Lovisiana, -ae,/, Louisiana.

Lucanius, -ni, m., (Quintus) Lucanius,
Iud5,

(42); disappointed (86).

magicus, -a, -um, magic, magical.

See also ars.

(column,

locutus sum, talk, speak,

converse; state (126) ; with, cum

loquor,

m.

-I,

rowful, sorrowing; in dejection, in

gloom, in (the garb of) mourning

magnus,

-um,

dis-

-um, sad, dejected, sor-

-a,

magister,

superl. or compar. of adj. or adv.,

it

maestus,

ingly, in the highest degree

cut.

longe, adv.,

/, the name of a

-ae,

Asia Minor.

particularly,

locutus, -a, -um, see loquor.

Londinium

Lycaonia,

M., abbreviation of Marcus,

-orum,

place, spot, point, region, locality,

location,

lux, lucis, /., light, the light of day,

wealthy,

rich,

loca,

(pi.,

of Portugal.

trict in

historian.

locuples, -etis, adj.,

well-to-do.

name

Lusitania, -ae, /, the ancient

dawn, daybreak, prima lux, early

dawn, dawn, daybreak.

phabet (113).

Roman

READER

much

(assistance),

strong

(force, guard, spirit, etc.), tremen-

dous

(curse), valuable (treasure),

wide

(river),

great
size.

haud magnus, no
non magnus, of no great

See also

iter.

FIRST LATIN
Compar., maior,
'

-us,

-or,

the)

(all

greater (84); a considerable (55),

some considerable (120); elder,

READER

221

matrdna, -ae,/, lady.

mature, adv., early, soon; speedily
(94).

As noun, maiores, -um, m., Mauri, -drum, m., the Moors.

fathers (13).
maxime, see magis.
maximus,
-a, -um, see magnus.
-a,
-um,
maximus,
extreme,
Superl.,
older.

utmost, supreme, exceedingly great,

immense,

much

mighty;

(104);

general, wholesale, frightful (slaughter).

-or, -us, see

maior,

male, adv., not

See also

died.

maid, malle, malui, prefer, choose.

malus, -a, -um, wicked, evil, unprinevil,

As noun, malum,

-I,

.,

misfortune, trouble, difficulty.

the morning, on the morrow,

mane, in

next morning;

morn-

early in the

maneo,

2,

mansum

mansi,

main, stay, tarry,

manipularis,

-is,

est, re-

of the rank

-e,

soldier of the

rank and

file,

-is,

;;/.

private;

membering.
memorabilia,

-us, /, hand band, company,

detachment, force.
Marcius, -ci, m., Marcius (Rufus), an

manus,

officer in Curio's

-is,

(of),

re-

noteworthy, re-

-is, -e,

markable.

memoria,

memory, rememcustodio and

-ae, f.,

brance.

See

also

m.,

month.

teneo.
-is,

mentior,

4, -itus

sum, make up (a)

-el,

m., midday,

noon ( 129) ;

the south (40, 43, 77).

-us, m., fear (122);

metus,

thought

n., sea,

-I,

.,

marriage.

Miantonimo,
miles,

-itis,

-onis, m., the

(138);

name of

chief.

m., soldier,

dier,

soldier

men,

privates.

in

milia, -ium,

ocean; the high

the

common

sol-

ranks.

PI.,

See also tribunus.

.,

thousand,

mille

passus,mile; milia passuum, miles.

minime, see minus.

minimus, see parvus.

seas (92).

matrimonium,

my own

meus, -a, -um, my;

on my part (140).

mille, indeclinable adj.; pi., (noun}

army..

m., Marcus.

Marta, -ae,/, Martha.

Martius, -a, -um, of March.
mater, -tris, /, mother.
also duco.

with gen., with a

thinking

(of),

an In Jian

lieutenant to Catiline!

-I,

(of), center

of danger (119).

Manlius, -II, m., (i) Marcus Manlius, a

Roman who defended the Capitol
against the Gauls; (2) Gaius Man-

mare,

-oris, adj.,

and meridies,

men.

Marcus,

Mediter-

story, fabricate.

live.

As noun, manipularis,

file.

lius,

memor,

mensis,

ing (49).

//.,

medius, -a, -um, middle

See also nox.
of.

thought

cipled, vile.

-um,

-a,

ranean.

melior, see bonus.

magnus.

fully (140).

Mediterraneus,

minor, -or, -us, see parvus.

minus, adv., compar., less; not very

See

(80).

Suferl.,

minime, not

by no means; no (87).

at all,

FIRST LATIN READER

222
minis,

-um, wonderful, strange.

-ui, mistus or mixtus,

-a,

misceo,

2,

unfortunate,

luckless,

mitto,

poor;

hard

fellow,

poor

As noun, poor

woman, poor wretches,

pitiful,

etc.

misi, missus, send, dispatch;

3,

shoot, hurl, fire; throw away, discard,

lose (129).
Partic, as noun, missi,

-6mm,

m.,

those

lit.

messengers,

sent (109).

modo,

adv.,

just,

131).

modo
...

time

modus,

before,

just

lately;

but
.

just

only

just:

modo,

at

quo modo,

all

numbers; rain (of weapons).

mult5, adv., (by) much, (by) far.

multum, adv., much, greatly.

plurimum, very frequently
-um, much.

of,

one

numbers (28) as masc. noun,

many, many persons, many peo-

si.

(83);
see

2,

-ui,

-itus,

warn, advise,

inform (49).

mons, montis, m., mountain,

emi-

ple;

-ae, f., delay, hesitation,

sine

mora, instantly (64).

morbus, -i, m., disease, illness, sickness.

moribundus,

-a,

-um, dying,

at the

point of death.

m., dead

moror,

I,

man;

//.,

-i,

delay, tarry, linger,

neut.

(noun},

as

noun, more (122).

plurimi,

-ae,

very

-a,

many, numerous, a large number of;

in large (great) numbers, in strong
force

a cloud (multitude, shower)

4,

-itus,

-ivi,

strengthen, fortify.

munitus,

Partic. as adj.,

-um, strong, (strongly)

-a,

fortified.

munitio, -5nis, /, fortification, intrenchment.

fortifications;
PL,

muto,

w'orks (115, 123).

-i, ;//.,

i,

wall, (stone) fence (55).

change,

consilium mutare,

wait,

nam,

conj., for.

nanciscor,
cover;

3,

nactus sum,

gain,

secure;

find, dis-

reach

(83).

Perf. tense, have (119).

tion.
;;/.,

custom.

(28), character (72).

PI.,

of.

intrench,

dally,

mors, mortis,/, death, dying, execu-

mos, moris.

pluris,

//.,plures, -es, -a, more,

change (one's) mind.

the dead.

lounge;' hold back, remain,

stop; be detained (9, 10).

several (131)

3, mortuus sum, die. Partic.

siege
(and adj.') mortuus, -a, -um, having murus,

mortuus,

many (things), many

much (property). Corn-

par., plus,

morior,

died, dead: as noun,

in

<?///.,

(stories),

munio,

nence, height.

of;

more (88)

with irritation;

PL, many;

number

large

large

Superl.,

moneo,

Super/.,

(135).

-a,

fero.

mora,

mulier, -eris,/, woman.

multitudo, -inis, /, throng, crowd,
band, force, number,
company,

many

thus.

moleste, adv.,

Mucius, a

-ci, m.,
(Gaius)
hero of ancient Rome.

multus,

m.,

nullo modo, not at

sort;

adv., soon, shortly, quickly.

Mucius,

(20,

See also

at another.

break

now,

manner, fashion, way,

means, chance, eius modi, of this
-i,

movi, motus, move

2,

(camp).

mox,

mingle.

miser, -era, -erum, wretched,

(42).

moved,

ways narr5,
nascor,

i,

relate, narrate, tell (of).

3,

natus sum, be born.

FIRST LATIN

nemo,

natio, -dnis,/, tribe.

nato,

-atum

-avi,

i,

natura

(134).

natural

loci,

situation (41).

natus,

-um,

-a,

nauta,

-ae,

navigo,

i,

coast,

see

nascor.

sailor,

;/?.,

deck hand.

-avi,

ply;

not, nor;

enim

or

(someneque
by vero, not.
nor; not
neque, neither .
.

nor

See

(126).

yet

scio,

-atum

est, sail, cruise,

head,

journey,

travel

navis, -is,/, ship, vessel, boat, navis

See
longa, warship, man-of-war.
also solvd.

order not

end that

to,
.

so that
.

not,

not, lest; (after

verbs of fearing) that, lest; {after

ne quis, so
recusare) that (132).
that no one (54, 57); ne qua, so

ullus,

also

alius,

quisquam,

umquam, and

volo.

Nervius,

-vi,

the Nervii

PI.,
m., a Nervian.
(a people of northern

Gaul).
nescio, 4, -scivi, not understand, not

know, be ignorant
nihil,

-ne, sign of a question.

ne, conj. ; (purpose) so as not to, not

tamen,

diu, feliciter, libenter,

n., vessel.

-i,

to the

and

folloived by

be on shipboard (91); go to
(ii)
sea (5), ship (2).

to, in

when

conj.,

times)

PL, crew.

navigium,

and niillo.

by nullius

neque, nec,

223
noun, m., no one, none,
Gen. and abl. supplied

defective

not a man.

est, float.

natura, -ae,/> nature, natural inclinaAbl. as adv., natura, natution.

rally

READER

indeclinable

of.

noun,

nothing.

... at all
name of one

Ace. as adv., not

Nina, -ae,/, the

ships of Columbus.

(68).
of the

nisi, conj., unless; as adv., except, ex-

cepting.
nix, nivis,/, snow.

no, i, -avi, -atum est, swim, float.

ne quid, so that noctu, adv., at night, by night, in the
not
ne
night, during the night, under cover
anything (47)
of night; one night (68).
ullus, that no (84).

no (102);

that
.

ne

quidem, not even; not

either (93).
nec, see neque.

necessarius,
tial,

need,

-a,

put to death,

kill,

necopinans, -antis, adj.,

fame ne- nomen,

off

(one's)

-inis, n.,

" no."

i,

trade,

name,

title;

honor

adv., not yet.

nonnulli, -ae, -a, a

number

of.

As

noun, some,

have

(business)

be a trader (134).
negotium, -ti, n. business, commission.
c'ealings;

not

non, adv., not.

nondum,
.

negotiator, -oris, m., trader.

negotior,

desire,

(35).

-avi, (-atus), declare that

not, say

not wish, not

willing,

want; object, decline, refuse.

guard.
i,

-um, during the night,

nolo, nolle, nolui, be unwilling, not be

-um, necessary, essen-

care, starve to death.

nego,

-a,

night (adj.}.

needed, needful.
i,

nocturnus,

nonus,

-a,

-um, ninth,

noster, -tra, -trum, our.

nostri, -orum, m., our
troops, forces, force).

men

As noun,
(soldiers,

FIRST LATIN READER

224
notus,

-a, -vim,

partic.

Noveboracensis,

New York
novus,

as adj., known.
of New York,

-is, -e,

revolutionary,

obsideo,

2,

upstart

hostage.
-sessus,

-sedi,

hem

besiege,

surround;

in,

guard, watch,
obsidio, -onis,/, siege,

(138) as part of a town or country obstinatus,

name, New.
(all) quid novl (as
dogged.
;

-um,

-a,

determined,

anything new (lit. of obtineo, 2, -tinui, -tentus, hold, have,

last, hindermost
enjoy (34). regnum obtinere, rule.
occasio, -onis,/., opportunity, chance,
agmen and res.

neut. noun},

new).

c.,

beset, blockade,

(adj.}.

-um, new, strange, odd, un-

-a,

expected

obses, -idis,

Superl.,
See also

(127).

nox, noctis,/, night, darkness, nightfall.

Abl. as adv., nocte, under cover
of the darkness (130). media nox,
midnight; nocte intempesta, at

occidens, -entis, m., the west.

occido,

3, -cidi, -cisus, kill, slay,

put to

death, murder, slaughter, massacre;

cut down, cut to pieces, cut off.

dead of night.
OCCUpd, i, occupy, take possession
-a, -um, bare, naked, without
capture, seize, seize (upon);

nudus,

fill

(89). Partic. as adj., occupatus, -a,

clothing.

nullus,

of,

-um, no, not a; nullo,

-a,

-um, guarded (133)

busy, busied;

masc.

interested (129).
noun), supplying the
lacking abl. of nemo, no one, none occurro, 3, -curri, -cursum
dat., meet, head off.
(39> 58, 82). See also modus and

(as

octavus,

pars.

numerus,

-i,

number, numbers,

m.,

-a,

est,

with

-um, eighth.

OCto, indeclinable adj., eight.

company, contingent, class; amount October, -bris, -bre, of October,

(66). quorum in numero, among oculus, -i, m., eye.

whom.

officium,

Numidae, -arum,
-with

adj.

numquam,

m., the

force,
adv.,

Numidians;

quam, sometimes

m.,

-i,

Oblmscor,

3,

messenger,

omnino, adv., altogether, entirely.

send omnis, -is, -e, all, every; whole, the
whole (of), all (of); any (113, 129).
envoy,

-a,

everybody, they

(118);

neut.

pi., all,
all;

pi.,

(those)

everything,

all

forget;

oneraria, -ae, /, transport, merchant

See also locus and

sum,

every one,

all

See

of.

res.

oblitus

As noun, masc.

the (those) things, every expedient

(120), all sorts of things (123).

with gen., be forgetful (of).

Obscurus,

respect

day, one time.

(63).

Ob, prep, with ace., on account

causa and

task;

duty,

Numidian (117). olim, adv., once upon a time, once,

at one time, on one occasion, one
non num-

herald; news, information, message.

nuper, adv., lately, just before.

also

.,

never,

nunc, adv., now, to-day.

nuntio, I, announce, report,
word; with dat., inform.
nuntius,

-i,

(130-

-um, dim; lowly (79).

scio.

vessel.

onustus,

-a,

-um, laden, loaded,

FIRST LATIN
opera, -ae, /, services;
attention

(135);

cooperation

See

108).

(91,

also do.

m.,

townspeople,
of
inhabitants
(the,

townsmen,
one's) town.

n.,

-i,

opportunus,

-a,

town, city.
-um, auspicious, favor-

able, opportune.

Oppugnatio, -onis, /, siege, attack,

assault;

Oppugno,

(the) attacking (122).

i,

attack,

besiege,

assail,

press the siege (140).

optimus, -a, -um, see bonus,

opus, -eris, n., work, task; (earth)

work. PL, fortifications, defenses,
(siege) works,

opus

est, there

is

need (46).
-onis,

speech,

f.,

argument,

representations, remarks, words.

-is,

m., circle.

See also con-

command,

position (63).

PI.,

ranks (107, 125); centurions (127).

i,

parco,

3,

peperci, with dat., be merci-

have pity (on), have mercy

ful (to),

2, -ui, obey, comply; with dat.,

give heed (to), obey, respond (to);

pareo,

be in subjection (to) (140).

3,

peperi, partus, win, gain.

prepare, get ready,

preparations for (51); fit out,

paro,

i,

ready, put in order;

beg.

ostendo,

3,

ostendi, ostentus, display,

disclose, show, point out, set forth;

impart (the) information (133). se

ostendere, appear, show one's

self.

otiosus, -a, -um, at leisure, off duty;

sion, section,

in

omnis partes,

of Publius, -ll, m.
reduce to order. Partic. as

be made) one way or the other (119);

quascumque in partes, whithersoever; una ex parte, on one side.

Parthi, -drum, m., the Parthians.
-a,

size (85)

-um,

subdued,

-i,

m., see Fabius.

openly,

passus,
in

full

less,

of no grtat

lighter (shock)

SuperI

minimus,

younger
-um,

-a,

passus, -us, m., pace.

p&ene, adv., almost.

adv.,

-or, -us,

very small, (but) the slightest (91).

Sr e mille.

submissive.

PaelJgnus,

(68).

-um, small, little, scant;

low (hill). Compar.,

(force),

minor,

-a,

all sides;

in every direction;

utramque partem, pro and con

(103); nullam in partem, no (sign

paco,

pacatus,

di-

ab ea

in altera parte ... in altera, on

the one hand ... on the other; in

P., abbreviation

palam,

remnant; quarter,

parte, in that quarter, on that side;

weak

adj.,

infin.,

readiness, ready.
pars, partis,/, part, proportion, divi-

parvus,

quiet (33).

i,

with

make
make

prepare, make preparations, plan.

Partic. as adj., paratus, -a, -um, in

ex omnibus partibus, on

or do, -inis, m., (regular) order; rank,

6ro,

3,
pandi, passus, spread.
Partic. as adj., passus, -a, -um, full
spread (sails), outstretched (hands).

rection, side. PL, role( 131).

sisto.

class;

show

pando,

pario,

beset, invest;

orbis,

frankly, freely, boldly ; with no

of secrecy (126).

(upon), spare.

opprimo, 3, -pressi, -pressus, crush,

overwhelm; catch (139).

Sratio,

225

palus, -udis, /, swamp, -marsh, glade.

oppidani, -orum,

oppidum,

READER

view;

-a,

patefacio,

-um, see pando and parlor.

-feel, -factus, throw
3,

FIRST LATIN READER

226
open ;
adj.,

Partic. as

disclose, divulge.

patefactus,

-a,

-um, open (64).

pater, -tris, m., father.

patior, 3, passus

peregrinus,

country (93).
pauci, -ae, -a, few, a few (of), the few.
As masc. noun, a few, a mere handful, (only) a few (45); neut., a few

perficio,

adv., slowly,

by slow de-

ante, a

little,

little

before, a

somewhat,

pauld

before (earlier), shortly

while before; a little

little

m., foreigner.

be killed,

out;

(one's)

fall.

-feci,

3,

to

carry

finish,

-fectus, complete,

completion,

carry

construct, build.

do, perform;

perfidia, -ae,/, treachery, treason.

perfuga, -ae, c., renegade, traitor;

with adj. force, deserting (123).
perfugi5,

grees, gradually.

paulo, adv., a

life,

-i,

-ire, -ii, perish, die, lose

pereo,

paulatim,

-duxi, -ductus, conduct.

3,

Pass., be protracted, last (129).

patria, -ae, /, fatherland, country;

ancestral domain
(75), rightful

(things, words, questions).

-cussus, strike,

-cussi,

3,

down.

strike

perduco,

sum, allow, permit,

endure, bear, suffer.

suffer;

percutio,

-fugi, desert, flee; withaA.

3,

and ace.,

take refuge (with) (ill).

periculosus, -a, -um, perilous, beset

with dangers.

while ago (69)

periculum,

later, shortly

(104), dangerous state (,112).

perlego, 3, -legi, -lectus, read through.

;
paulo post, a little
afterward, a short time

afterward.

paulum,
little

adv.,

(short)

little,

way, a

little

distance;

short

time.

pax, pacis,/, peace, state of peace.

Pecsuot, -Otis, m., the name of an Indian killed by Miles Standish.
pecunia, -ae, /, money, funds; pay
See also solvo.
(94), bribe (94).
pades,

-itis,

m., foot soldier.

PL,

in-

little,

adv., gradually, little by

warily, slowly.

peditatus, -us, m. foot soldiery, infant

try, foot, foot soldiers,

footmen; force

of infantry (138).

Pennsylvania, -ae,/, Pennsylvania.

on

through,

(the sea);

(of time}

(agency) through
"
"
"
(translatedfreely from or by ")
for;

See also simulatio and tenebrae.

peril, risk;

permotus,

-um, partic. as

-a,

startled, surprised,

adj.,

taken aback, con-

fused; stirred (up), alarmed, shaken,

worried, concerned; incensed (66),
inspired (83),

perpauci, -ae,

shamed (120).
-a,

very few, a very

few.

perpetuus, -a, -um, everlasting, ever

troublesome (139). in perpetuum
3, -rupi, -ruptus, break
through, break down, destroy.

perrump5,
persevere,

-avi,

i,

-atum

est, persist,

remain firm; with in/in., continue

(to do a thing), persist (in doing a
thing).

per,/r*?/. with ace.; (of space} through,

across, over, along; around in (the
grass),

danger,

(as neut, noun}, for all time (108).

fantry, footmen, foot soldiers.

pedetemptim,

-1, n.,

crisis

persuadeo,
with dat.,

2,

-suasi,

make

it

-suasum

est,

agreeable (to),

persuade, induce.
perterritus, -a, -um, partic. as adj.,
terrified,

great

thoroughly frightened, in

fear,

panic-stricken,

thrown

FIRST LATIN

READER

227

into a panic, in terror, scared out of

pirata, -ae, m., pirate, robber.

(one's) wits; in their terror (129).

piscis,

m.,

-is,

fish.

full

pertinacia, -ae, /, obstinacy, persistence.

plane, adv., clearly,

pertined, 2, -tinui, with ad and ace.,

be not far from (129) have a bearing upon, be of importance for (140).

planities, -ei,/, plain, level ground.

perturbo,

I,

throw into confusion,

dis-

concert.

pervenio,

way

in

-ventum

4, -veni,

with ad

est, ar-

and ace.,

reach, arrive

be reduced (to) (125)

(at);

and

plerique, pleraeque, pleraque, most

As masc. noun,
of, the majority of.
the majority, the most part, nearly

effect

reach;

ace.,

with

an en-

pluriml, -ae,

plus, pluris,

Pocahonta,

see multus.

-a,

see

plurimum,

multum.
see multus.

n.,

/, the name of an

-ae,

Indian princess.

trance (into)

poculum,

(to).

poena, -ae, /, penalty.

and repeto.

pervenire in
(85).
potestatem, with gen., surrender

pes, pedis, m., foot.

See also captus

(under capio).

pessimus,
petd,

ask

-um, see malus.

-itus, look for, seek

-i,

.,

cup.

ask,

beg, sue for (peace) ; deget; get, find, secure:

sire, try to

See also do

Poeni, -drum, m., the Carthaginians.

polliceor, 2, pollicitus
agree, declare (89)

-a,

3, -ivi,

for,

fully,

all.

come, venture, make (one's)

rive,

well;

utterly.

offer of.

bene

sum, promise,
;

make
make fair

offer,

polliceri,

promises (135).
Pollux, -ucis, m., the name of a god
worshiped by the Romans.

hunt
for, make for (128, 139)
down (133); attack (131): with Pompeiani, -orum, m., the Pompeians
ab and abl., request (132).
(i.e. adherents of Pompey).

head

Petreius,

-ei,

m., (Marcus) Petreius,

of the army that

commanding officer
defeated Catiline.

Petrosidius, -di, m., (Lucius) Petrosidius, a standard bearer in Caesar's

army

in Gaul.

Philippus, -i, m., (King) Philip, an

Indian chief.
city of

-li,

n.,

the

name

of a

Asia Minor.

terpreter attached to Caesar's

in Gaul; (3) Pompey, a slave

name

ships of Columbus.

Pomptinus, -i,
lieutenant to

pond,

army
name

of one of the

3,

/.,

(Gaius) Pomptinus,

Marcus Cicero,

posui, positus, place, put,

with
establish, build

station, fix;

in

pflum, -I, ., javelin.

Pindenissus (or -um), -i, m. or n.,
the name of a city of Asia Minor.
Pinta, -ae,/, the

(99).

Philadelphia, -ae,/, Philadelphia.

Philomelium,

Pompeius, -ei, m. (i) Gnaeus Pompey,

the opponent of Caesar in the civil
war; (2) Gnaeus Pompey, an in-

and

Partic.
located,

abl.,

stake

(upon)

as adj., positus,
situated,

-a,

(112).

-um,

castra ponere,

encamp, pitch camp.

Pontiac, -acis,
Indian chief.

;;/.,

the

name

of an

FIRST LATIN READER

228

-1, m., people (i.e. nation).

porrigS, 3, -rexi, -rectus, hold out,
stretch out; display.
Porsinna, -ae, m., the name of a king

populus,

of Etruria.

porta, -ae,yC, gate, door.porto,

i,

accommodate

carry, bring;

(90.
portus, -us, m., harbor, bay, port.
possum, posse, potui, be able (can,

See

post, adv., after, afterward, later.

paulo and postquam.

post, prep, -with ace., after, later than;

behind. See also tergum.

postea, adv., afterward,

later, there-

n., reward, present,

-I,
bonus, largess; bribe (71).

praeoccupo, i, forestall, anticipate;

reach first (125).
praepono, 3, -posui, -positus, with
dat., put in charge (of).
praesens, -entis, see praesum.

praesertim, adv., especially.

(posterus),

As noun,

-a,

-um, next, following.

poster!, -drum, m., de-

scendants, posterity.
postquam or post
.

when; when

manifest,

hibit,

adv.,

perform

display;

(105); guarantee (107).

praesum,

be

-esse, -fui,

in charge,

be

command -with dat., be in charge

Partic.
(of), be in command (of).
;

praesens, -entis, present (135)

as

adj., instant (death).

.

quam,

conj.,

at length

(64),

as soon as (82).

postremd,

garrison, guard,

n.,

-i,

guard (ing) (138).

praesto, i, -stiti, -stitus, show, exescort;

in

after.

after,

praemium,

praesidium,

etc.).

also

praemitto, 3, -misi, -missus, send

ahead, send forward.

praeter, prep, with

ace., by, past,

be-

yond.
praeterea, adv., besides, furthermore,

at

finally,

last,

at

length, in the end.

in addition.

praetereo,

postridie, adv., the next day, on the

following day. postridie eius diei,

-ire, -ii, -itus, pass by;

perf. tense, be past, be gone (131).

'

on the following day (123).

postulo, i, demand, require, ask.
opportunity

(109,

sum,

-a, -um, of the

mander; see cohors.

praetorius,

121).

See also pervenio.

potior, 4, -itus

-vectus

3,

sail

past.

potestas, -atis,/, power, control, possession;

praetervehor,

premS,

3, pressi,

com-

pressus, press hard,

harass, beset.

sum, with

abl., gain,

pridem, see iam.

(117), get (take) possession of; oc-

pridie, adv. (sometimes as prep, with

an ace.}, (on) the day before.

cupy (129).

primS,

get,

secure;

capture,

gather

praeda, -ae,yC, plunder, booty,

praedium,

-I,

n.,

estate,

in

prize.

plantation,

ranch, farm.

praefectus,

-i,

tain (70, 74,

adv., at

primum,
(conj.~)

m.,

commander; cap- primus,

81),

officer (70, 125),

general

(123),

governor (4).

first,

at the outset, in

the beginning.
adv.,

first.

and ubi

-a,

-um,

See also

first,

chief, foremost,

leading; the beginning

part of;

cum

(conj.}.

early,

of,

earliest;

the

first

the very

FIRST LATIN READER

in primis (as masc. noun},
See also
in the front rank (136).
acies, agmen, and lux.

.(88).

prmceps,
PI., chief

chief

m.,

-ipis,

citizen.

men, leading men.

past (133).

before;

conj.,

after

behalf

I,

of, in defense of (14,

before, in front of (107).

approve.

away, remote, at

the

in

distance

(94,

from a distance (87, 125).

procul, at no great distance,
near at hand, near by.
113);

baud

procurro, 3,-cucurri or -curri, -cursum

est, run forward, charge.
3,

dis-

-didi, -ditus, betray;

close (52).
3, -duxi, -ductus, bring out,
lead out, (cause to) march out.

producS,

proelium,

-I,

n., battle, fight, fighting,

(scene of) battle

open) (122).

and

battle (in

the

See also committo

desisto.

profectio, -5nis,/, departure.

proficiscor, 3, profectus

sum,

set out,

set forth, start, start off, start out,

proceed

down

depart

(27),

fall

forward,

(57).

promontory,

n.,

-i,

cape.

make

announce,

I,

prope, adv., near, near by.

an-

slip

Compar.,

near, quite near, very near,

too near; as prep, with

near to (107).
prope, prep, with
by, in the

properS,

far, far

procul, adv.,
a distance

prSdo,

-lapsus sum,

3,

rather

pro, prep, with abL, in return for,

instead of; as, for (10, 16, 83);

probo,

Pass., fall forward (130).

(arms).
prolabor,

nouncement.

previously.

negative, until (88, 109).

35,61,63)

pronuntio,

first,

priusquam,

for, in

hurl

promunturium,

pristinus, -a, -um, former, old-time

prius, adv.,

throw (out),
throw over (98) ; lay down

proicio, 3, -ieci, -iectus,

slip

Prissilla, -ae,/, Priscilla.

229

-avi,

hurry, scurry
haste (78).

-atum
with

quite

ace., near, close to,

neighborhood

i,

ace.,

of.

est, hasten,
infin.,

make

propinquus, -a, -um, near-by, near.

As noun, propinqui, -drum, m.,
relatives.

propono,

3,

-posui, -positus, set forth,

explain.

propter, prep, with ace., on account

of, because of; through (fear).

prosper (or -erus),

-era,

-erum, good

(fortune, luck).

prospicio,
forth,

3,

-spexi, (-spectus), look

look out.

prStinus, adv.,
with (129).

provideo,
termine

straight

look

forth-

-visus, fo*resee, de-

2, -vidi,
;

on

after,

look out for

(136).

away provincia,

-ae,

/, province, colony,

territory, district.

(62).

progredior,

3,

-gressus sum, advance, proximus,

proceed, move forward,

on, take up (the) march, go

-a,

-um, next, nearest, ad-

progress,

joining, neighboring, near-by

move

following,

forward, go ahead; go forth (75);

march, travel; sail, coast; push out
(2), venture (3, 6).

next

succeeding

next,

that

(night) (119).

Prusia (or -as),

-ae, m., the

a king of Bithynia.

name

of

publicus,

-urn,

-a,

See also

(1.12).

puella, -ae,/,

puer,

READER

FIRST LATIN

230

-eri,

public,

official

maiden, maid.

girl,

m., boy, lad

queror,

questus sum, complain.

who, which

3,

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron.,

res.

See also magister.

With

whose).

(gen.,

slave (133).

masc.

implied :

antecedent

who,

(some)

pi.,

(people) who, (those)

who

(90, 93,

neut. sing., (a thing)

pueritia, -ae,/l, boyhood, childhood,

pugna, -ae,/, battle,

pugno, i, -a vi, -a turn est, fight, war;
keep up (the) fight (106).

which (37), (one) which (131);

neut. pi., (the things) which (no).
At the beginning of a sentence : as

pulcher, -chra, -chrum, beautiful,

charming;

pretty,

splendid,

fair,

noun, who, which, he, she,

they, these;

I,

118);

(90,

this,

0/Quintus,

quadriduum,

n.,

-i,

-i,

m.

four days, a period

(space) of four days.

quaesivi, quaesitus, seek,

secure,

get, find, recover; ask, inquire (122).

;//.,

a personal o>' demonis used to render a

pronoun

"
and,"
ply a conjunction^ such as
also
For
See
modus.
"but,"^f.)
the

corresponding

indej. pron.

search, look for, hunt for;

quaestus, -us,

When

relative, it is often desirable to sup-

think, believe.

3,

this.

strative

Q., abbreviation

quaero,

it,

neut., this thing, these

things, this: as adj., which, what,

dust

m.,

-eris,

powder.
puto,

fine,

(2, 98).

pulvis,

20, 129, 140)

and

quidam, quaedam, quoddam (quiddam), a certain; a (3); a sort of

some,

PI.,

(137).
of.

profit, gain.

interrog.
see quis.

certain

certairj,

As masc. noun, a certain one;

certain, some (people).

conj. and adv., than, rather

//.,
than; with the superl. of adjs. and quidem, adv., indeed; at any rate (93).

quam,

advs., as

...

quamquam,

See also ne

as possible.

conj.,

although.

quiesco,

quando, adv., see si.

quantus, -a, -um, how great; what,
what a. As noun, quantum, -i, n.,

how much?
quare,

conj.,

See also tantus.

therefore,

(and) accordingly, (and) so, (and)

because of which,
consequently
;

on which account, (and) on this

account, as a consequence of which;

quidem.

take

somno

qum
(

of

fact,

nay more, even; why

not interrog. )

Quinctius,

-ti,

m., see

and (so) (139).

pre-

Flaminmus.

quindecim, indeclinable adj., fifteen.

quinquagesimus, -a, -um, fiftieth.
qulnquaginta, indeclinable
Quintus,

if,

tending (to).
quattuor, indeclinable adj., four.
-que, conj., and;

quinque, indeclinable

whereat, whereupon.

quartus, -a, -um, fourth.

quasi, conj., with partic., as

(one's)
nap
(71).
quiescere, be sunk in sleep.
etiam, indeed, in fact, as a mat-

pose;

ter

wherefore,

quievi, (quietus), rest, re-

3,

-i,

adj., fifty.

adj., five.

m., Quintus.

(quis) qui, quae, (quid) quod, indef.

pron., any one, any,

etc. (see

ne and

si).

(quis) qui, quae, (quid) quod, in-

FIRST LATIN READER

who

pron.,

terrog.

latter, both

what?

(the

noun and adj.}.

231

draw, retreat,

march back,

retire, return,

back; march, proceed (117); with in and ace., take

quicquam, in negative
nee
refuge (in) (115).
any one, anything.
quisquam, and no one; nee quic- recuso, i, object to,
shrink from (15).
nothing.
quam, and

quisquam,

go back,

fall

clauses,

quisque, quaeque, quodque

que)

adj., each, every;

(quid-

noun, each

(man) (120).
quivis, quaevis, quodvis (quidvis)

any whatsoever; noun, any one

whatsoever, anything whatsoever
adj.,

'

est, return, come

make (one's) way
back, go back; come again (125);
with ad and ace., be reduced (to)
(112). domum redire, arrive home

redeo,

quo, adv., whither, to which place; to

which, into which

to the place to

thither, there.

quo, con/., in order that, so that.

quod, conj., because, since, as, because
of the fact that;

on the ground that;

that (60, 100)

as for the fact that

(5).

reduco,

renew.

i,

-duxi, -ductus, lead back,

3,

conduct

back,

withdraw, remove

(122), bring back, carryback, take

back, pull back; bring (123); with

ad and ace.,
refero,

restore (to) (93).

-ferre,

rettuli,

-latus, carry

(back); repay (favor).

refugio,

3,

-fugi, flee for protection;

retire in haste (129).

gone by,
one time, on one occasion, one regina, -ae,/, queen.

quondam,
at

-itum

-Ire, -ii,

back, get back,

redintegro,

(77).

which (118);

shun,

reject;

adv., once, in days

time; previously (33).

quoniam,

conj., since,

quoque, adv.
well;

and

inasmuch

regio, -6nis,
as.

conj., also, too, as

even.

quotiens, conj,, as often

as.

-I,

m., branch.

rapio, 3, rapui, raptus, seize, catch,

catch up, snatch away; carry away,
steal,

plunder (38).

rarus, -a, -um, (in pi.}, scattered, far

apart, few.
ratio, -onis,/,

manner, way.

-um, see reor.

Rebilus, -I, m., see Caninius.
ratus,

-a,

recipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptus, receive, ad-

sing,

and

pi.,

region,

locality, country,

neighborhood.

regnum, -I,
dom, realm.
regredior,

ramus,

/;

territory, district,

3,

.,

sway, control; king-

See also obtineo.

-gressus sum, return,

withdraw.
religio, -onis, f., religion,
belief,

religious

(religious)

system;

religious

considerations (131).
religo, i, fasten, bind.
relinquo,

behind,

from;
(116).

3, -liqui, -lictus,

abandon;

leave, leave

leave,

set

sail

leave, allow
(siege)
Partic. as adj., relictus, -a,

raise

-um, remaining (88).

mit, harbor (140); regain, recover, reliquiae, -arum,/, remnants.
retake, in navigium recipere, get reliquus, -a, -um, the rest of, the re(take) on board se recipere, withmaining. PI., the other, other, the
:

FIRST LATIN

23 2

ingly; res gestae, exploits; re vera,

res novae, insurrec-

remaining, the rest of; the following (109); as noun, the others,

in very truth;

tion, revolution (25);

those remaining, the remnant, the

remainder, the rest, reliquus esse,

commonwealth,

remain (115, 125).

remitto, 3, -misi, -missus, send back;
be

try

left,

ratus sum,

2,

Partic., ratus, -a,

hold

-um, sudden, unex-

repeto,

3,

2,

responsum,

(lit.

retineo,

-spondi,

-sponsum

-pressi, -pressus,

3,

-tentus, hold back;

(133).

revoco,

fact,

answer, reply.

.,

rettuli, see refero.

stop,

suppress, check.

circumstance,

-I,

2, -tinui,

down (91); keep (101);

maintain, hold fast to (113); save

recall, call

I,

back,

rex, regis, m., king, chief, ruler.

Rhenus, -i, m., the ancient name of

res, rei,/, thing, things, action; affair,

hap-

the Rhine.

pening, matter, matters; act (121),

casualty (106), concession '(50),

rideo, 2, risi,

development

(103);

ripa, -ae, /, (river) bank,

the

(129,

fighting

engagement,
136);

errand

(risus), laugh,

smile,

bank (of

river).

event

(42), incident (88),

issue (72), observation (48), occur(14),

est,

make answer, send

hold

I,

business,

hold (one's)

answer; declare.

-petivi, -petitus, exact

carry ba^k, bring back.

repperi, see reperio.

reprimo,

(against),

answer, reply;

find,

repertus,

demand back), poenas repetere,

with ab and abl., discipline, punish.
reporto,

out

ground (against).
responded,

repperi,

offer resistance,

opposition; hold
(one's) own, stand (one's) ground,
make a stand (136); go (against),

pected.
reperio, 4,
discover.

resist,

make

oppose,

of a

(all)

if any,

case,

(136).

expect

lieving.

-a,

coun-

See also committo and

(60).

gero.

-um, thinking, be-

repente, adv., suddenly,

sudden.

repentmus,

res publica,

state, (one's)

resists, 3, -stiti,-stitum est, with dot.

subtract (114).
reor,

READER

rivus,

rogo,

-i,

I,

m., stream;

brook (82).

ask, beg, request.

Roma, -ae, /, Rome.

Romanus, -a, -um, Roman. As noun,
Roman!, -orum, m., the Romans.

rence (71), performance (58), plan

(94), point (129), proceeding (69),
result

(99), situation (108, 114),

transaction (118), turn (of events)

See also

vir.

125), undertaking (40), venture (100).

PI., business (139),

rursus, adv., again, in turn, once more.

cause (126), demonstration (121),

nu-ans (127), things, appliances

Sabmus,

Rufus,

(92,

(122).
cases,

haec res or quae res (all

sing,

and

pi.},

Ob rem, wherefore, and

this;
so,

m., see Marcius.

-I,

m.,

(Quintus) Sabinus,

lieutenant to Caesar in the Gallic

war.

quam
accord-

-i,

Saburra, -ae,

tn.,

the

name

of a gen-

FIRST LATIN READER

eral in the

army of the African king

scribo,

233
write;

scriptus,

scrips!,

3,

state (114).

Juba.

sacerdos, -otis,

priest, priestess;

c.,

medicine man; minister (97).

saepe, adv., often, ofttimes, on
occasions,

many

secundum, prep, with

ace.,

many secundus, -a ,-um, following

times, frequently,

Compar., over and over

repeatedly.

se, sese, see sui.

(131

along,

favorable

See also flumen.

).

securis,

-is,

/,

battle-ax,

toma-

ax,

hawk.

again (87), repeatedly (122).

-um, see sequor.

saevitia, -ae, /, brutality, roughness,

secutus,

savagery, barbarity, bloodthirstiness.

sagitta, -ae,/, arrow.

sed, conj., but; resuming, now (136).

sedecim, indeclinable adj., sixteen.

sagum,

-i,

cloak.

n.,

sedeo,

saltern, adv., at least, at any rate.

salto,

-atum

-avi,

i,

est, dance.

lives

life,

(50,

72,

2,

sessum

sedi,

est,

take a

sit.

sedes, -is,/, seat (of war) (82).

salus, -utis,/, safety, well-being (91) ;

salvation, escape, saving the day

(125);

seat,

-a,

130).

saluti esse, with a second dat., save,

prove the salvation (of), save the

location,

abode (65)

PI.,

habi-

district,

tat (66).

once,
semel atque
adv.,
iterum or semel iterumque, time
and again, several times.

semel,

semper, adv., always, ever, at all

day (for; (63).
times.
Samarobriva, -ae, /, the name of a
Sempronia, -ae, /, the name of a
city of northern Gaul.
woman implicated in the conspiracy
Sanga, -ae, m., see Fabius.
of Catiline,
Santa (-ae) Maria, -ae, /, the name
of one of the ships of Columbus.
senatus, -us, m., Parliament (34, 35);
Congress (39, 43, 44);

Saratoga, -ae,/, Saratoga.

satis, adv., sufficiently,

rather

enough; quite,
See also

(58), very (56).

scapha, -ae, /,

skiff,

open

boat, row-

senate

/, view, sentiment,

-ae,

opinion, suggestion,
sentio, 4, sensi, sensus, realize,

adv., of course, to

naturally;

be sure,

evidently (133).

scio, 4, scivi,

scitus,

know, underand be some-

stand, nec satis scire,

omnia
(104);
(about the subject)

undecided

know

all

know,

feel; see, perceive, notice; find (96).

septem, indeclinable

villainous.

(30-

Roman)

force, aged,

boat.

what

session of

(42, 132, 134, 137).

sententia,

sceleratus, -a, -um, rascally, wicked,

scire,

(the

senex, senis, m., old man; with adj.

scio.

Savanna, -ae,/, Savannah.

saxum, -i, n., rock, cliff.

scilicet,

Congress (44)

September,
septimus,

adj., seven.

-bris, -bre, of

-a,

September.
-um, seventh, septi-

mus qumquagesimus,
septuagesimus,

-a,

fifty-seventh.

-um, seventieth.

septuaginta, indeclinable adj seventy.

'.,

Sepyra, -ae, /, the name of a small

town of Asia Minor.

FIRST LATIN

234
sequor,

secutus sum, follow,

3,

ve-

stigiis sequi, follow the trail (61).

servo,

save, rescue, preserve, keep.

i,

servus,

m., slave;

-i,

helper (74).

sex, indeclinable adj., six.

sexaginta, indeclinable adj., sixty.
Sextilis, -is, -e, of August.
si,

conj.,

if,

in case;

on the chance
(to see) if

(1

if

perchance,

hope that;
modo, if only,

si

singuli, -ae, -a, one at a time, one by

one, isolated (66).

As noun,

socius, -a, -um, allied (137).

m., ally, assistant, partner

socius,

-i,

(98).

PL,

friends;

allies,

partici-

pants (135); friendly natives (140).

soled, 2, solitus sum, be accustomed,

that, in the

21).

READER

be wont, be

in the habit (of

imperf.

and

Translated

used.

tenses,

be

apt,

doing a thing)

perf.

imper-

if at any
sonally, be (one's) wont, be (one's)
custom.
qui (noun}, if
any; si quid novi, if anything new. sSlum, adv., only, non solum
but also.
sed etiam, not only
sic, adv., thus, so, in this manner, in

provided (that)

si

quando,

si

time, whenever;

this

way, through (by) this means;

in such

away

Sicilia, -ae,/, Sicily.

-i,

solvo,

m., (a) Sicilian.

signum,

sign, signal;

n.,

-i,

word, countersign (99).

watch-

PI., stand-

silentium,

n., silence, quietness

-i,
Abl. as adv., silentio, silently,

in silence.

silva,

un-

single

solutus, unfetter (91)

navem

cast off, set sail;

pecuniam

solvere,

defray expense (89).

SOmnus,

m., sleep, slumber, nap.

-i,

-ae,

sonus,

-a,

/,

forest,

woods, wood,

-is,

similar;

-e,

with

dat.,

similar (to), resembling, like.

simul, adv., at the same time, simultaneously; at one and the same

time (105, 136).

simul atque,

as

soon as (124); simul cum, together

with (139).

-ei,

/, show, display, parade,

ad speciem, as a

pretense, guise,
blind (122).

specto,

i,

-avi, (-atus),look, verge,

speculor,

sperno,

i,

3,

lie.

spy, view.

sprevi, spretus, scorn, dis-

regard.

spero,

simulatio, -onis, /, pretense, show.

-um, partic. as adj., asleep.

n., space, room; period

-i,

(120), respite (129).

species,

similis,

m., sound, noise.

-i,

sopitus,

spatium,

grove.

i,

hope, hope

for.

exspes, -ei,/, hope, reliance (125);

per simulationem, under pretense

pectation (128), anticipation (135)

(122).

chance (125), prospect

dmulo,
it

I,

pretend, make believe, make

appear (49)
sine, prep, with
also

(-es) solvere,

See also do.

ards.

(86)

3, solvi,

pay (debt),

>/., just as; thus, for example.

sicut,

in

single-handed;

ccmbaf (72).

sica, -ae,/, dagger.

Siculus,

solus, -a, -um, alone, in solitude;

aided,

(54, 133).

affect,
abl.,

pretend (135).
without.
See

mora and timor.

ise

126),

prom-

(in).

spolio,

i,

spoil,

spretus,

-a,

plunder, despoil,

upon

lage; prey

(81, 92, 98).

-um, see sperno.

pil-

FIRST LATIN READER

-ae, m., the

Spurinna,

name of a

priest

who

predicted the death of Julius

Caesar.

Standisius,

-si,

m. (Miles) Standish.
t

statim, adv., at once, immediately, indelay,

stantly, promptly, without

without parley (71)

the very

at

outset (120).
3,

mind.

stipendium,

-I,
., pay.
see facio.

service;

sto, I, steti, stand,

active,

energetic,

strepitus, -us, m., bustle, noise, confusion.

sub, prep, "with abl., under, beneath;

with ace., toward.
subito, adv., suddenly, unexpectedly,

without warning.

sublatus,

-a,

subsequor,

tollo.

-secutus

3,

subsidium,

-i,

relief,

sum, follow

him;

herself, her;

See
themselves, them.
se with confer5, coniungo,

it

also:

habeo,
ostendd, recipio, tego, and teneS:
inter se with ago, cohortor, and
demitto, do,

dedo,

concurro

sum,

esse,

gero,

secum with habeS.

be, become (in),

fui,

prove to be; remain, stop (137);

stand, be located

See

also

sumo,

3,

superbia, -ae, /, haughtiness, arrogance.

superior, -ior, -ius, superior, stronger;

Superl., supremus, -a,

-um, supreme, and summus, -a,
-um, greatest, very great, great; the

previous.

top of

(86)

acute (crisis) ; full

the top of

all

(speed),

(one's speed); grave (peril), hardheaviest (work), hearty (ap-

est,

-a,

in chief,

(commander)

proval),

most

most splendid

(valor\ pressing (need), severest

(hardship), utmost (daring), utter
(despair, lawlessness).

supero,

i,

surpass, excel, prevail (104);

defeat, overcome, outdo, worst, beat.

-a,

-um, on (one's) back,

upon (one's) back, face upward;

placed flat on (one's) back (94).
-a, -um, see superior.
surrexi, surrectum est, rise

supremus,
surgo,

3,

up, arise, rise.

suscipid,

3, -cepi,

suspensus,

-a,

-ceptus, undertake.

-um, partic. as

adj.,

anxious.
suspicio, -onis, /, suspicion; impression (127).

suspicor,

i,

suspect, think.

sustined,

2,

-tinui, -tentus, withstand,

sustain,

break the force of (118);

happen (127).
auxilium, salus, and

stay (hunger).
sustuli, see tol!5.

-um, see superior.

suus, -a, -um, his, of his, her, their,

of theirs ; his own, her own, etc.

usus.

summus,

over

supra, adv., above.

support, reenforceSee also venio.

help.
n.,

sui, sibi, himself,

itself,

ace., above,
(72); upon, on top of (56).

supinus,

-um, see

rapidly; follow (124).

ment,

super, prep, with

distressing (scarcity),

sturdy.

'

(100).

(speed),

be stationed; ride

-um,

-a,

Pl. t military

stand, stop, halt (85).

(at anchor);

strenuus,

swallow (133); put on

cure, get;

higher (130); past, former, earlier,

statui, statutus, set

up (35);
decide, determine, make up (one's)

statuo,

235

sumpsi, sumptus, take, pro-

As noun,

sui,

-orum, m. t his

men

FIRST LATIN READER

236

(followers, following, forces, force)

men

their

people

(followers)

own

their

(16);

his

own
lines

n., missile,

-I,

shot, bullet.

92).

83,

shaft

weapon;

PL, ammunition (59,

See also inmitto and

interficio.

(121).

Synnada, -drum,
city of

telum,

n.,

name of a temere,

the

Asia Minor.

Syria, -ae,/., the

of Asia.

adv.,

rashly,

hastily, incau-

tiously, lightly (82).

name

of a country

temeritas, -atis,/., rashness, rash acincautiousness,

tion, hasty act,

folly.

tempestas, -atis,/, storm.

T., abbreviation of Titus,

tabernaculum,

-I, ;/.,

-I,

m.

templum,

wigwam.

tent,

tempus,

-i,

stances

Taeconderoga,

ages (45).

/, Ticonderoga.

Tallapusa, -ae, m.,

river of Alabama.

Tallapoosa,

tarn, adv., so.

conj.,

however, but,

nevertheless, notwithstanding,

still,

nec tamen, and yet ... not.

adv., merely, only, but.
-a,

such,

(33), such (absolute) (86), such

serious (134) overwhelming (134).
;

quanto

paratives)
.

tanto, (with two comthe

...

quantus, such

tantus

the;
.

(139).

-I,

n., roof; structure,

darkness,
per
f.,
tenebras, in the darkness (gloom).
2,

-ui,

hold, occupy, garrison;

have (128); keep to (139). memoria tenere, remember. (34); se

3, texi,

bury (64).

a tergo and
See also

rear.

verto.
terra, -ae, f., the earth, land;
try,

coun-

land, district; the ground; dirt,

earth

tened,

(no).
2,

-ui,

-itus, frighten, intimi-

date, overawe, scare. Partic. as adj.,

territus, -a,

-um, frightened, terror-

stricken, alarmed, abashed.

Thraces, -um, m., the Thracians, a

nation dwelling to the north of an-

building.

Tillius,

-li,

(ace. sing.,

-im), the

m., (Lucius) Tillius (Cim-

an

ber), one of the murderers of Julius

Caesar.

tectus, cover, conceal;

se tegere, get under

timeo, 2, -ui, be afraid, fear, be apprehensive ; fear, be afraid of, be in

-ae,

m.,

Tecumseh,

Indian chief.
tego,

times;

tenebrae, -arum,

tain range of Asia Minor.

cient Greece.
Tebarani, -orum, m., the name of a Tiberis, -is, m.
Tiber.
people of Asia Minor.

Tecumsa,

days,

tertius, -a, -um, third.

.as.

tarde, adv., slowly, with little speed.

Taurus, -I, m., the name of a moun-

tectum,

circum-

(100);
.PI.,

tergum, -i, n., back,

post tergum, in the

-um, so great, so large,

such great, such large ; so
base, such base (41), so grievous
(34), so remarkable (no), so severe

tantus,

time, period, season,

tenere, remain constantly (133).

tantopere, adv., so greatly.

tantum,

occasion,

teneo,

tamen, adv. and

temple (71); church.

.,

hour

tacitus, -a, -um, partic. as adj., silent,

motionless; quiet, in silence.
-ae,

n.,

-oris,

fear of.

FIRST LATIN

READER

237

-oris, m., fear, apprehension,

alarm, panic (117), demoralization
(122). sine timore, with no thought

triduum, -I, ., three days.

triginta, indeclinable adj., thirty.

of danger, unconcerned.

tuli, see fero.

timor,

tolero,

keep at bay; tide over

i,

(i 12).

tollo, 3, sustuli, sublatus, raise,

up,

set

lift;

(anchor)

(hope) be dispelled
Partic. as adj.,

(given up, gone).

sublatus, -a, -um, puffed up (108).

tot, indeclinable adj., so

many.
-um, whole, the whole

totus, -a,

of,

total, all, entire.

tracto,

(one's) hands, be

trado,

hand

over,

up

(hand)

ehgiged

have on
in (40).

-ditus, give up, surrenr

3, -didi,

der,

pass

over;

cede;

(86);

(91): assign (112);

pass

transfer

impart (27):

say (88), state (131). traditum est,

it
is related
(stated, lit. handed

down); the
traduco,

3,

story runs (88).

-duxi, -ductus, take across,

-ire,

come

-ii,

-itus,

over,

cross,

go over;

cross

come

over, desert (119).

transports,

i,

take over, carry over;

away (91, 92).

Trasumennus, -i, in., the name of a
carry

lake of central Italy.

tres, tres, tria, three.

Treveri, -drum, m., the name of a

people of northern Gaul.
tribunus,

-i, in.

(with or without mi-

litum), captain (27), major (28),

staff -offker (32); (military) tribune

(103 ff.).
tributum, -i,

Tullius,

time (28, 83); at such times (7);

for th^ time being (122); now (139)

thereupon, whereupon; later (113)

furthermore, in the second place
:

See also

(16, 114).

turma,

tribute, tax.

(conj.).

-ae,

/, company (of cavalry),

(A turma enrolled about

30 men.)
turris, -is,

/,

-im), tower.

(ace. sing,

tuto, adv., safely,'in safety.

tutus, -a, -um, safe; (place) of safety.

ubi, adv.; (interrogative}

where? (Rel-

where; upon which (n), in

which (33) ; beginning a new senthere,

there, etc.

(and)

what

(cf.

there,
is

(but)

said of the

translation of the relative qui).

ubi, conj., when,
first

ubi primum, on the

first
time

occasion that, the

that.

ullus, -a,

-um, any; some (65); a

ne ullus, that no; nee

single (137).

ullus,

and

no,

and

ulterior, -ior, -ius, farther;

proper

names,

South

none.

in some

(60,

70).

Super1., ultimus, -a, -urn, last,

ultimus, -a, -um, see ulterior.

final.

ultrd, adv., voluntarily, actually,

ultro

citroque, back and forth, up

and

down.
ululatus, -us, m.,

.,

cum

-us, m., alarm, confusion.

squadron.

tence,

tragula, -ae,/, dart.

trans, prep, with ace., across, over.

over,

(Lucius)

ative)

bring across.

transeo,

m.,

-11,

lieutenant to Marcus Cicero.

tumultus,

handle, manage;

i,

Tullius,

reflexive, yourself (14).

up (shout, cry); weigh, turn, adv., then, at that time, on that

drive
occasion, on this occasion; at the
away
dislodge,

Pass.,

(139).

put

tu, tui, you;

whoop.

yell, cry, shriek,

war-

FIRST LATIN
Umbrenus,

Umbre-

m., (Publius)

-I,

freedman implicated in Cati-

nus, a

line's conspiracy.

umerus,

-I,

umquam,

quam, and

so

ever,

um-

neque

never.

as (135)

that, that, as to

(result}

(substantive}

(no): (temporal} when

that

(131,

138).

una cum, with uterque, utraque, utrumque, each

in
As noun,
(of two), either, both.

una, adv., together,

abl. t

purpose (of doing a thing), with

the idea (of doing a thing)
(relative}, as; (just)

m., shoulder.
adv.,

READER

along with, together with,

company

with, with;

side by side

with (83).
-ae, m., the

Uncas,

masc. sing., each, each

man

(of two)

utl, see ut.

name

of an In-

dian chief.

name

Utica, -ae,/, the

of an African

city.

unde, adv., whence, from which, from utor, 3, usus sum, with abl., use,
whence from thence (39).
make use of, enjoy, have, employ,
;

undecimus,

-a,

have recourse

-um, eleventh.

undevigintl, indeclinable

adj.,

ters,

all sides, in all

everywhere,

all

quar-

ecution: accept, profit by (129),

depend upon (71); devote (109);
give utterance to (92); keep up

about, in

directions, in every direction

every side, from

all sides,

all

from

from every

quarter, from all quarters.

universi, -ae, -a,

all,

one and

all,

-um, one, a single; (but) one

"(125); the one, the single (126).
-a,

As noun, masc. sing., one (132).

ad unum, to a man, to the last
man,

utterly.

urbs, urbis, /,

city;

the

city

(i.e.

Rome) (42,45,86).
usque, adv., even, usque ad, with
ace., as far as, even to; until.
usus, -us, m., use, assistance, service

usui
esse,
(133).
(freely}, be useful, be helpful, be

experience

used; be needed, be needful (no,

See also venio.
122, 123).
usus,

-a,

-um, see utor.

(126):

(causal} inasmuch as
(purpose} to, in order to,
;

vagor, i, wander, drift.

valetudo, -inis,/, health.
validus,
ful

for the

-a,

-um, strong, hardy, power-

large (army).

valles, -is, /, valley, glade.

vallum,
ment.

-i,

.,

wall, rampart, intrench-

varius, -a, -um, varying, various, of

various kinds.

Varus, -I, m., see Attius.

Vasingto, -onis, m., (George) Washington.

and (120).

-ve, conj., or;

vectus,

-a,

-um, see veho.

vehementer,
deeply

ut, utl, conj. ;

in order that, so that, that

(127) ; stoop to (63) ; with a second

use (have)
(as) (129).
uxor, -oris,/, wife ; squaw.
abl.,

in a

body.

unus,

play, put into ex-

use, bring into

teen.

undique, adv., on

have occasion to

to,

nine-

adv., exceedingly

much;

energetically

(94),
earnestly (104 \ highly (139), zeal(42),

ously (135).

veho,

3,

vexi,

vectus, carry, bring,

FIRST LATIN READER

convey, ferry over.

be car-

Pass.,

equo vec-

ried, proceed, sail, ride,

tus, on horseback.

239

verto, 3, verti, versus, turn,

vertere, wheel about.

and

-eri

vesper,

terga

m., evening,

-eris,

and adv.; withsuperl.of adjs.

sub vesperum, toward evening.

See
of advs., even (98)
vel
vel, vestigium, -i, n., track, mark.
also insequor and sequor.
and.
either ... or, both

vel, conj.

velum,

-I,

vendo,

3,

See also do.

n. y sail.

vendidi, venditus,

venenum,

-i,

vestimentum,

ventum

est,

come,

proceed, march; arrive (126); draw

near (i 18) ; with in and ace., arrive

auxilio

come
come

via, -ae, /., route, road, way, highway,

track,

to help; with a second dat.,

to the help (of)
in deditio-

vicinus,

venire,

nem

soldiers, veteran troops.

vetus, -eris, adj., old-time, one-time.

(freely)

(in).

in

venire, surrender;

manus

venire, with gen., fall into the hands

subsidio venire, (freely'}
(of)
:

come

to the rescue;

dat.,

come (go)

PI.,

veteran!, -drum, m., veterans, veteran

venia, -ae,/, pardon.

venio, 4, veni,

garment.

n.,

vestis, -is,/!, clothing.

poison.

.,

-i,

clothing, clothes, dress.

sell.

with a second

to the help (of )

trail,
-i,

path; journey (126).

m., neighbor.

victoria, -ae,/, victory.

victus, -a, -um, see vinco.

vicus,

video,

-i,

m., village, hamlet.

vidi, visus, see, view,

2,

hold, observe, watch

sight; see, find,

catch sight
discover (134).
;

beof,

usu venire, be experienced, hap- videor, 2, visus sum, seem, appear.

Used impersonally, videtur, seem
(133) (usu is perhaps an

pen

best (103).

irregular dat. form}.

i, hunt.

venor,

ventus,

verbum,
vereor,

-i,

Partic.,

word.

-itus

sum,

vigilo,
fear,

veritus, -a,

be

afraid.

vinco,

at.

in

fact,

fact

moreover

(27); and (29,42, 120).

Verres,

-is,

-atum

-avi,

be awake;

est,
sit

keep awake,
up (39).

be involved, be;
I,
about; bear a part (79).
versus, see ad ... versus.
/.,

friendly to the

the

of Sicily.

versor,

name

Romans.

3, vici,

victus, defeat, conquer,

subdue, overcome, worst, beat, reParpulse; be victorious, prevail.

tic,

as

adj.,

victus,

-a,

-um, de-

feated, beaten.

(Gaius) Verres,

m.,

(Roman) governor

Vertico, -onis,

i,

alert,

-um, fearing, viginti, indeclinable adj., twenty.

of, villa, -ae,/, farmhouse; farm (53).

vero, conj., indeed, but, nevertheless,

however, whereas ; in truth, as a

matter of

be

apprehensive

apprehensive;

alarmed

/, watch (i.e. division of

PL, wakefulness (104).

the night).

m., wind.

-i, n.,

2,

vigilia, -ae,

vinculum,

-i,

n., chain.

PI., fetters,

chains.

move

of a Gaul

m., man, gentleman; husband (73). vir Britannicus, (an)

Englishman; vir Rdmanus, (a)

vir, viri,

Roman
Virginia, -ae,/, Virginia.

FIRST LATIN

240

virtus, -utis, /., valor, bravery, courage, grit; coolness (no).

,/, force (73), violence (131);

vigor (136), (dead) earnest (136)

vis,

amount

(70, 74, 82), cloud (of dust)

PL,

(118).

strength.

See

also

READER

VOCO,

I,

summon,

call,

name,

in

bring to

ius

trial

call,

prosecute,

(45).

VOlo, velle, volui, desire, wish, please;

be anxious, want, aim, plan; bo

nee velle, and
ing, be ready,

be unwilling, and

capio.

invite;

vocare,

will.

refuse (86).

/, life. Sing, often found vox, vocis,yC, voice; tones (9;), articSee
ulation
where Rngl. would use pi.
(131); remark, question

Vita, -ae,

also ag5.

Vito,

avoid,

i,

make

(one's)

04).
way vulnerS,

around; avert (danger) (122).

viv5,

3,

vixi,

victum

est, live;

eke

out an existence (39).

vivus,

-a,

-um, alive (132).

noun,

wound.
-a,

Partic.

as adj.,
as

-um, wounded

vulnerati,

-Drum, m., the

wounded.

As noun, vulnus,

vrvi, -drum, m., the living (91).

Vix, adv., scarcely, hardly.

I,

vulneratus,

-eris,

.,

wound,

injury.

vultus, -us, m., countenance, expression.

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J. MILLER, Ph.D. (Yale),

by
Professor of Latin, University of Chicago

Edited

Annotated Edition

selections

THESE

edited, in

Text Edition

$1.40

such a

are

way

fairly

as

to

representative,
illustrate

the

$0.50

and

are

style

and

subject-matter of each poem, and at the same time to

the exact relation of every part to the complete

show
work.

The book includes over 3,800 lines from the Metamorphoses, thus more than meeting the requirements in Ovid
of the College Entrance Examination Board, and in addition
Selections from Heroides, Amores, Ars
the following
Amatoria, Remedia Amoris, Fasti, Tristia, and Epistulae ex
Ponto ; Life of Ovid, Poetic Forms of Ovid's Works; with

^[

notes on the selections, and vocabulary.

^| The notes have been prepared with special reference to
the needs of both the school and the college student.
They

General assistance in the translation of difficult

and obscure passages ; judicious references on points of syntax

include

all the modern school grammars in common

use ; notes
and comments upon points of antiquarian interest ; and suggestions and illustrations of the relations of Ovid's stories to
their earlier sources, and especially of their effect upon English

to

literature.

^[

The

for

this

and
text.

as

vocabulary, which has been prepared especially

volume, gives the literal meaning of each word,
also all of the typical meanings which occur in the
Generous assistance in word derivation is offered

well.

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