COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

REVIEW

TELEPHONE BASICS

PBX Block Diagram

Multiple station loops

Line/Loop
Interface

Multiple T-1 trunk groups

Control
Processor
(CPU, RAM
etc.)

Trunk
Interface

Line/Loop
Interface

More
not shown
Line/Loop
Interface

Trunk
Interface

Internal
Internal
Switching
Switching
Matrix
Matrixoror
Network
Network

More
not shown

optional
remote
line
concentrator

Trunk
Interface
2

Simple PBX

Extension to Extension Call

(Internal Call)
1. Station comes off hook
2. Line circuit notes origination
3. Control detects origination, check
line class-mark
4. Control finds free signaling
receiver
5. Control finds and sets up a path
from line to receiver
6. User hears dial tone, starts
dialing/signaling
7. Dial tone is removed, digits are
accumulated
8. Control examines dialed number:
Find called line
Check for busy, hunt group,
call forwarding, pick-up group
4

Extension to Extension Call

(Internal Call)
9. Control finds and sets up path,
caller to ring-back tone
10.Finds and sets up path, called
phone to ringing
11.Monitors for answer or abandon
12.Called party answers; control
detects answer at line circuit
13.Control finds and sets up callingto-called talk path
14.Monitor for flash and/or hang-up

Basic Telephone

Basic Telephone

Subscriber
Line

Telephone

dial switch

cradle switch

CO
(Local Exchange)

tip (+)

off-hook
on-hook

mouth

ear
R

DTMF

C
ringer

SLIC
ring (-)
7

Basic Telephone

Basic Telephone

Subscriber Line Interface

Subscriber Line Interface Circuit

ring switch

Telephone

T
tip (+)
Subscriber
Line
ring (-)

current
detector

hybrid

crossconnect
switch

control channel
ring
generator
(100Vrms 25 Hz)

-48 VDC

Processor

Battery Supply Feeding of subscriber handset

Over-voltage Protection for electronic components
Ringing Ringing current to subscriber
Signaling Recognizing dial digits
Coding Analog/digital conversion
Hybrid 2-wire/4-wire conversion
Test Access testing of subscriber lines

Call States
idle
dialing
calling
ringing
called

on hook
dialing in progress
after dialing
incoming call
call in progress

10

Subscriber Line Interface

11

Subscriber Line Interface

12

Subscriber Line Interface

13

Subscriber Line Interface

MT91600

14

Tones

15

DTMF Receiver MT8870

16

DTMF Receiver MT8870

17

Switching Matrix CD22100

18

Control

19

Outgoing Call
1. Station comes off hook
2. Line circuit notes origination
3. Control detects origination, check
line class-mark
4. Control finds free signaling
receiver
5. Control finds and sets up a path
from line to receiver
6. User hears dial tone, dials trunk
access code
7. Dial tone is removed, access
code is received
8. Control examines access code:
Check against line class mark
for restriction
Looks for free trunk group
20

10

Outgoing Call
9. Control finds and sets up path,
from the line to the selected trunk
10.Control causes trunk to send
seizure toward CO
11.CO responds with dial tone to the
caller; caller dial called number
12.Dialed number goes to the CO to
set up the call, and the digit
receiver to check restriction
13.Control examine access code, if
any, and office code, if necessary.
Compare them with the list in
memory
14.Call is permitted. Drop path to
signaling receiver
15.Monitor line for flash and/or hangup, monitor trunk for hang-up 21

Incoming Call to Attendant

1. CO seizes trunk, rings; trunk
detects ringing
2. Control detects seizure at trunk;
checks trunk class marks
3. Control activates lamp, sounder
at console
4. Attendant accepts call, signals
control
5. Control finds, sets up a trunk
switched-loop path
6. Ringing from CO is tripped,
answer supervision returned
7. Attendant greets caller; obtains
called extension identity

22

11

Incoming Call to Attendant

8. Attendant keys in called
extension
9. Control examines dialed number:
Finds called line
Check for busy, hunt group,
call forwarding, pick-up group
10. Finds and sets up path to ringback tone, ringing, drops
switched loop
11.Monitor for abandon or answer
12.Called party answers
13.Answer is detected, ringing is
tripped
14.Control finds and sets up a talk
path
15.Control monitor for flash and/or
23
hang-up

Trunk Interface

24

12

Analog Trunk Interface

25

Analog Trunk Interface

26

13

Analog Trunk Interface

27

Analog Trunk Interface

28

14

Analog Trunk Interface

29

E&M Trunk Interface

30

15

Basic Digital PBX

DXC

Subscriber
Lines
SLIC

Hybrid
4w

2w
SLIC

Hybrid

PCM
MUX

TDM
port

Tone
&
Ann

TDM
port

E1/T1

E1/T1

TDM
port

TDM
port

DTMF
decode

Processor

31

Digital Trunk Interface

32

16

Digital Trunk Interface

33

Digital Trunk Interface

34

17

Digital Trunk Interface

35

Digital Trunk Interface

36

18

Time Slot Interchange

37

19