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MEGHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH BADNERA, AMRAVATI MAHARASHTRA (PRMIT&R) EMAILdhakulkarvpranav@gmail.com }
FIBER reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases
its structural integrity. So we can define FIBER reinforced concrete as a composite
material of cement concrete or mortar and discontinuous discrete and uniformly
dispersed FIBER.
FIBER is discrete material having some characteristic properties. The FIBER material can
be anything. But not all will be effective and economical. Some FIBERs that are most
commonly used are:
Steel
Glass
Carbon
Natural
NBD
Steel FIBER is one of the most commonly used FIBERs. Generally round FIBERs are used.
The diameter may vary from 0.25 to 0.75mm.The steel FIBER sometimes gets rusted and
lose its strength. But investigations have proved that FIBERs get rusted only at surfaces.
It has high modulus of elasticity. Use of steel FIBERs makes significant improvements in
flexure, impact and fatigue strength of concrete. It has been used in various types of
structures.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 THE USES OF FIBER:
For the effective use of FIBERs in hardened concrete:
FIBERs should be significantly stiffer than the matrix, (i.e. have a higher modulus of
elasticity than the matrix.)
FIBER content by volume must be adequate.
There must be a good FIBER-matrix bond.
FIBER length must be sufficient.
FIBERs must have a high aspect ratio, (i.e. they must be long relative to their diameter.)
Note:It should be noted that published information tends to deal with high volume
concentrations of FIBER. However, for economic reasons, the current trend in practice is
to minimize FIBER volume, in which case improvements in properties may be marginal.
For the quantities of FIBERs typically used (less than 1% by volume for steel and about
0,1% by volume for polypropylene) the FIBERs will not have significant effect on the
strength or modulus of elasticity of the composite. It is thus important to evaluate
published test data and manufacturers claims carefully. It must also be noted that high
volume concentrations of certain FIBERs may make the plastic concrete unworkable.
Steel
Plastic
Glass
Natural materials
Wood cellulose, Bamboo, Elephant grass(All are available is different shapes sizes
and materials)
Straight
Crimped
Irregular
Glued hooked
Deformed
Pipes
Tilt-up Panels
Shotcrete
Slabs
Counters tops
Bath tubs
Tiles
2.12 APPLICATIONS:
The uniform dispersion of FIBERs throughout the concrete mix provides isotropic
properties not common to conventionally reinforced concrete. The applications of FIBERs
in concrete industries depend on the designer and builder in taking advantage of the
static and dynamic characteristics of this new material. The main area of FRC
applications are,
RUNWAY, AIRCRAFT PARKING, AND PAVEMENTS
For the same wheel load FRC slabs could be about one half the thickness of plain
concrete slab. Compared to a 375mm thickness' of conventionally reinforced concrete
slab, a 150mm thick crimped-end FRC slab was used to overlay an existing as phallicpaved aircraft parking area. FRC pavements are now in service in severe and Mild
environments.
TUNNEL LININGANDSLOPE STABILIZATION
Steel FIBER reinforced concrete (SFRS) are being used to line underground openings and
rock slope stabilization. It eliminates the need for mesh reinforcement and scaffolding.
BLAST RESISTANCE STRUCTURE
When plain concrete slabs are reinforced conventionally, tests showed that there is no
reduction of fragment velocities or number of fragments under blast and shock waves.
2.14 WORKABILITY:
The conventional slump test is not a good measure of workability of FRC. The inverted
slump cone test (2.4) devised especially for the fibrous concrete is recommended. The
time it takes an inverted lamp cone full of FRC to be emptied after a vibrator is inserted
into the concrete is called the inverted-cone time. It should vary between 10 and 30
seconds. The conventional slump test (ASTM CI43-78) and the inverted slump cone test
(ASTM C995-83) were conducted to compare the performance of the plastic concrete
reinforced with the two different types of FIBERs. The hooked FIBERs performed well
during mixing because no balling occurred even though the FIBERs were added to the
mixer along with the aggregate all at one time. The straight FIBERs had to besprinkle into
the mixer by hand to avoid balling. It took approximately 2 minutes to add the straight
FIBERs to the mix, resulting in a 2 minutes extra mixing time. Figure 1shows the effect of
FIBER content on both slump and inverted cone time. It is clearly seen that as the FIBER
content increased from 0.0 to 2.0 percent, the slumps value decreased from 230 to
20mm, and the time required to empty the inverted cone time increased from 20 to 70
seconds. For the highest FIBER volume percentage used (Vf =2.0 percent) it was noticed
that the FRC in the test specimens was difficult to consolidate using the internal vibrator.
2.19 IMPACT STRENGTH:Fifteen short cylinders (150mm diameter and 63mm thick) were cast and tested
forimpactl4] after 28 days. The results of impact test are given in Fig. 9. The rest results
show that the impact strength increases with the increase of the FIBER content. Use of2
percent hooked FIBER increased the impact strength by about 25 times compared to 10
times given in literature.
TYPES OF
CUBE
% OF S.F
ULTIMATE
OF
STEEL
STRENGTH
7DAYS
CURING
CRUSHING
(N/mm2)
14 DAYS
CURING
-------
14.55
19.30
23.33
28 DAYS
CURING
1.
P.C.C
2.
GLUED
HOOKED
STEL FIBER
2.00
16.00
21.60
25.66
3.
CRIMPED
STEEL
FIBER
2.00
15.30
20.40
24.35
4.2 CONCLUSION:
5. REFERENCES
Indian standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete, IS456: 2000, 4th Revision, Bureau of Indian Standards.
http://en.wikepedia.org/wiki/FIBER_reinforced_concrete
http://www.springerlink.com/FIBERCONCRETE /66102625u668054