Plastic Bags

Twelve years ago, oceanographer Captain Charlie Moore was skippering his yacht the Alguita in
the North Pacific. He sailed into a mass of floating plastic rubbish which took him and his crew a
week to cross. This floating rubbish dump is now called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and
doubles the size of the USA.
The United Nations says there are now 18,000 pieces of plastic in every square kilometre of sea
everywhere in the world. A walk along any beach will give you some idea of the seriousness of
plastic pollution.

The trouble is, when we throw out plastic with the trash, the plastic doesnt go away. Plastic
does not biodegrade. It photo degrades into smaller and smaller particles which then enter the
food chain. Plastics contain cancer-causing chemicals such as vinyl chloride which travel along
the food chain in increasing concentrations and end up in our fish and chips, along with
hormone disruptors such as bisphenol A. Scientists try to tell us that we are killing ourselves as
well as other animals. At least 200 species are, as I speak, being killed by plastic. Whales,
dolphins, turtles and albatross confuse floating plastic, especially shopping bags and six pack
rings, with jellyfish. A dead Minke whale, washed up on a Normandy beach, was found to have
eaten plastic bags from supermarkets and had died a dreadful death.

8% of all the worlds oil production is for plastic. According to the United States Environmental
Protection Agency, companies manufacture 5 billion plastic bags a year. Of all the plastic
produced annually, half is for packaging which gets thrown out with the trash a few minutes after
purchase. And 10% of all rubbish is plastic bags which take from 400 to 1000 years to degrade.
Less than one per cent of plastic bags are recycled and only 4% of all other plastic waste, the
reason being it is simply too expensive to do.

The same lobbies that work against electric vehicles and renewable energies, put governments
under pressure not to act against plastic pollution. This is because plastic represents 8% of all
the worlds oil production. These lobbies, acting on behalf of oil companies, represent an
unsustainable approach to profit. To paraphrase the Cree Indian prophecy, only when we have
wiped everything out will we realise that money cannot be eaten.

Some countries have rebelled and banned plastic bags. And the first was brave Bangladesh.
Then China took the same decision and, according to CNN Asia, saves itself 37 million barrels
of oil a year. Botswana, Canada, Israel, Kenya, Rwanda, Singapore and South Africa have also
banned plastic bags. Notice how many of the worlds richest countries are not on this list. Its an
absolute disgrace.

Alright, then. If we cant use plastic bags, how do we carry home the shopping? Take a back
pack or a folding shopping trolley. Change supermarket to one that provides biodegradable
bags, made from potato starch for example. Use consumer power.

Personally speaking, what I need to find now, is a supermarket that sells biodegradable bin
liners, otherwise I still end up using plastic. I recently spent a week in New Zealand on
honeymoon and saw that everyone was using special paper bin liners. I wish we did something
similar here in Spain.

Think globally, act locally. A small Australian town is now one step ahead of the rest of the world.
The inhabitants of Bundanoon in New South Wales have banned plastic bottles from the town.
We need to follow their example and eliminate plastic from our lives, take care of the earth and
vote for people we think will do the same.

1.

The writer says that we can get an idea of how much plastic rubbish there is in the
oceans

A.

by travelling across the USA.

B.

by looking at the sea.

C.

by sailing across the Pacific.

D.

by taking a walk along any beach.

2.

3.

The reader learns that toxic chemicals get into our food

a.

because plastic does not biodegrade.

b.

when plastic becomes small enough to enter our food chain.

c.

because other animals are being killed by plastic.

d.

from plastic bags from supermarkets.

In the last sentence of the third paragraph, what does 'it' refer to?

a.

money

4.

5.

6.

7.

b.

plastic waste

c.

plastic bags

d.

recycling

Which of the following best explains the Cree Indian prophecy?

a.

Money isn't food.

b.

If we destroy our environment, we will destroy ourselves.

c.

Oil companies are polluting the earth.

d.

People are greedy.

In the fifth paragraph the writer is angry because

a.

not many of the world's richest countries have banned plastic bags.

b.

Most of the countries are African.

c.

countries aren't saving enough oil.

d.

not many countries have banned plastic bags.

What does the reader learn about New Zealand?

a.

The writer was on holiday there.

b.

People use biodegradable bags for the rubbish.

c.

The supermarkets don't have plastic bags.

d.

It is a nuclear free country.

In the final paragraph the writer advises us to

a.

visit Australia.

b.

stop voting.

c.

take individual action.

d.

stop buying plastic bottles.

Why the Crisis Happened

After the Wall Street Crash in 1929, the US Congress passed a new law called the GlassSteagall Act so that history could not repeat itself. Fifty years later, Congress repealed this law
and consequently, history did repeat itself. There are two principal causes to the current global
crisis. The first is overproduction and the second is the deregulation of the financial markets,
which is, in fact, a direct result of the first cause, overproduction.
Since the Second World War, humans, in particular production engineers and economists, have
become brilliant at manufacturing on a large scale high quality goods by top brands that people
want to buy. Engineers and economists have used both robotics and the outsourcing of
production to parts of the world where the cost of labour is low. Fantastic products are made
very cheaply, sent all over the world in containers and sold at bargain prices. All this has
happened in a highly competitive environment.
This intense activity caused two important things to happen. The governments of manufacturing
countries like China became very rich and formed the now famous sovereign wealth funds with
the objective of investing all this lovely capital. Investing in industry was unattractive as profit
margins were very slim. Investors wanted bigger profits. Strict banking regulations also made
life very difficult for investors. Secondly, all this liquidity caused a continued increase in the price
of real estate, just like in the 1920s.

When the US Congress repealed the Glass-Steagall Act, investment banks and retail banks
were able to work together again for the first time in 50 years. Next, not to be left behind, the
European financial sector lobbied the European Union, mostly in secret, to liberate the
European market. This deregulation put an end to transparency in the banking world. Hedge
funds, whose investments are carried out under the cover of darkness, mushroomed. Simplicity
was replaced by complexity and uncertain risk. Credit default swaps gave investors large
payouts for loans gone bad and futures, which are more like bets than investments, offered juicy
returns. The world now had a stagnant real economy and a very busy financial sector. In the
USA, the financial sector accounted for 40% of the nations total profits but less than 5% of the
GNP.
Hungry investors then began speculating on the price of food commodities, especially rice and
wheat and this was when we saw the first signs of trouble. The price of wheat flour increased
more than 25% due to speculation and the Spaghetti Riots broke out in Italy. Petrol prices
increased further and further still. Farmers complained that they could not afford to refuel their
tractors and truck drivers went on strike in Spain.
On January 24 2008, the French investment bank Socit Gnrale announced that it had lost
an astounding 7.2 billion dollars of its clients money from futures which went the wrong way.
Next, in the space of just 6 weeks, the price of a barrel of crude oil fell from $150 a barrel in July
to less than fifty by October. Then we found out about sub-prime loans. Investment banks and
retail banks, working together, had lent vast quantities of their clients money to high risk
borrowers. This means borrowers who are likely to default on their home loans or mortgages
because of low incomes and job instability. And guess what? They defaulted, handed back the
keys to the house and the banks are now left with properties that nobody wants and whose
value continues to fall. What a disaster! After that, it was the turn of the hedge funds. Many
banks, such as Grupo Santander, passed on investors money to hedge funds who then passed
the money on to... Bernard Madoff.
Governments have now spent billions of taxpayers money because of the mistakes made by
greedy and irresponsible bankers and The White House has said that the US deficit will rise to
$1.6 trillion in 2009. The Bank of England puts the cost of the global crisis at $2.8 trillion but
nobody really knows and nobody really knows what all this means for the future.

1. In the first paragraph we learn that the Glass-Steagall Act was repealed

A.

because it was no longer necessary.

B.

to stop overproduction.

C.

in order to regulate banks.

D.

to free up financial markets.

2. Which of the following best explains why quality goods have become cheaper?

A.

? Quality goods are now manufactured using advanced technology and low
salaries.

B.

production methods have improved a lot since WWII.

C.

cheap overseas transport is now widely available.

D.

The quality of manufactured goods has improved dramatically.

3. In the third paragraph the writer explains that sovereign wealth funds were interested in

A.

large profits.

B.

reinvesting in industry.

C.

helping their governments.

D.

safe investments.

4. The risks involved in an investment now became

A.

higher.

B.

lower.

C.

difficult to ascertain.

D.

transparent.

5. Spanish truck drivers went on strike as a result of

A.

fuel prices going up.

B.

riots in Italy.

C.

sympathy for the farmers.

D.

increased food prices.

6. From what the text tells us about sub-prime loans, bankers can be described as

A.

skillful investors.

B.

having great insight into financial markets.

C.

being caring about their clients' money.

D.

not very intelligent.

7. From the article we understand that ordinary citizens

A.

have to pay the bill for the banks' irresponsible behaviour.

B.

have an uncertain future.

C.

now have huge debts.

D.

are angry with their governments.

The Low Emissions Diet

We were sold the idea that modern farming techniques, such as agrochemicals, genetic
engineering and factory farming, would end hunger in the world. ......... 1 ......... Thats more than
14% of the planets population and the figure is rising. At the same time, we now produce every

year enough food to feed 12 billion, which is double the worlds current population. We have
been told a terrible lie and the truth is that modern farming is all about the unsustainable use of
limited resources for just one reason. That reason is profit. What's more, the consequences of
modern farming techniques on human health and on the environment are serious.
......... 2 ......... The world produces 70 million tonnes of beef a year and people in Britain now eat
50% more meat than they did in the 1960s, which is just about double the daily intake
recommended by The World Health Organisation. Middle-aged men who eat meat have a 300%
greater risk of heart disease than those who dont. Furthermore, the World Cancer Research
Fund recently announced that red meat causes intestinal cancers. ......... 3 .........
According to The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, the production of red meat
releases 18% of all the worlds greenhouse gas emissions, more than for any other type of food.
We are talking about 14% of global methane emissions and a carbon footprint of 16 tonnes of
CO2 per tonne of beef and lamb. Factory farming concentrates enormous numbers of animals in
a small space. This has resulted in the outbreak of serious global diseases or pandemics such
as Mad Cow Disease. This year saw the outbreak of swine flu at a Smithfield Meats factory farm
in Perote, Mexico. ......... 4 .........
Another consequence of concentrating animals in a small area is the need to grow feed
crops. ......... 5 ......... Pesticides and fertilizers enter into the food chain along with sedatives,
growth hormones and antibiotics which are used on the animals. As a result, animal waste
sends phosphates, nitrates, ammonia and copper into surrounding water systems, killing fish
populations and threatening public health. ......... 6 .........The U.S. Department of Agriculture
says nearly half of Americas water supply and 80% of its agricultural land is used to grow
animal feed. This feed then typically travels large distances to reach the animals, massively
increasing carbon footprints for food.
So, what can we do to reduce the environmental impact of what we eat? Use consumer power
to lower your carbon footprint and improve your health at the same time. Cut down on red meat
and cut out processed meat. ......... 7 ......... Apply the same principal to dairy products. If you
dont live in the tropics, dont buy tropical fruit. Buy in season from your region. President
Obama and his family follow the ideas of Michael Pollan.......... 8 ......... This means checking
ingredients. Real bread contains flour, salt, yeast and water and nothing else. Food additives
are all about increasing profit. Also, try to eat at the lower end of the food chain. Following these
guidelines will reduce your personal carbon footprint by 20%, which isn't bad at all.
COMPLETE THE TEXT WITH THESE SENTENCES:

a. So, who is eating all this excess food?

b. The disease spread around the planet very quickly.
c. These actions will give you the budget to buy locally
produced organic meat.
d. Processed meat is even more dangerous, they say.
e. Eat food, not too much. Mostly plants.
f. In autumn 2009, one in seven people are hungry.
g. The antibiotics used make dangerous diseases mire
resistant to treatment.
h. Farms stop producing food for humans and in Brazil it
results in deforestation.

Read the texts and answer the questions below. You have 20 minutes.
Penelope Cruz
Penelope Cruz is a beautiful Spanish actress and Oscar winner. She is in more
than 40 films and Vicky Christina Barcelona is one of her best films. It is about
two young Amercian women in Barcelona and the director is Woody Allen from
New York. It is a brilliant film and is now available on DVD. Penelope Cruz is

also a trained ballet dancer and is fluent in Spanish, French, Italian and English.
She is 1.63 m tall. She is a vegetarian and her hobby is dominoes.
Penelopes family is from Alcobendas near Madrid. Her mothers name is
Encarna and she is a hairdresser. Her fathers name is Eduardo and he is a car
mechanic. Her brother is also called Eduardo and he is a singer. Her sister
Monica is an actress like Penelope and she is famous on TV in Spain.
More great films with Penelope Cruz are Captain Corellis Mandolin and All the
Pretty Horses and in Spanish Belle Epoque and All About My Mother. Her next
film is called Nine.
Bruce Lee
Bruce Lee was the man who brought kung fu to the West with his famous film
Enter the Dragon.
Although Bruce Lee was born in Chinatown in San Francisco in 1940, his
parents soon moved back to Hong Kong. Unfortunately, the Japanese Imperial
Army invaded Hong Kong shortly afterwards but the family survived.
His father Lee Hoi Chuon was a famous Cantonese opera singer and actor and
his mother Grace was a wealthy aristocrat from Hong Kong. In 1957 Lee fought
and won the Hong Kong high school boxing championship and then became the
Hong Kong cha cha cha champion for 1958.
At the age of 18, he returned to the United States where his sister and brother
lived. He studied drama and philosophy at the University of Washington in
Seattle. Then he opened his first martial arts school where he taught his friends
Jun Fan Gung Fu.
Bruce Lee then had the original idea behind the very famous TV series Kung Fu
but Warner Bros. decided not to have a Chinese person as the star of the series.
As a result, Bruce and wife and children caught a plane to Hong Kong.
Back in Hong Kong, Bruce immediately made three very successful films with
director Raymond Chow called The Big Boss, Fist of Fury and The Way of the
Dragon. There is a very famous fight scene in The Way of the Dragon with
Chuck Norris filmed in the Colosseum in Rome where the gladiators fought. His
last film was Enter the Dragon and was also a huge hit. The movie has made
more than 200 million US dollars.
Bruce Lee was a philosopher as well as a fighter and wrote a lot of books. He
believed that all knowlegde eventually became self-knowledge.

Rafa Nadal
Rafa Nadal was born on a Spanish island called Majorca on 3 June 1986 where his family lived. He
started playing tennis when he was three.
Although he is right-handed, he changed to playing left-handed when he was eight years old. He also
really liked football but stopped playing because he needed more time for school. His uncle Tony helped
Rafa to become a professional.
When Rafa was 14, the Spanish tennis federation wanted Rafa to leave the island of Majorca and move to
Barcelona. However, his family didnt want this so the Spanish federation decided to reduce the financial
help for Rafas career. This decision by the Spanish federation of tennis was very stupid and very typical.
Rafa tried to win Wimbledon twice before taking the title from his friend Roger Federer in 2008. They
played the longest Wimbledon final ever and hero and former-champion John McEnroe called it the best
tennis match in history.

In the same year, Rafa became the best player in the world.
J.K. Rowling
J.K. Rowling is the author of the books about Harry Potter played by Daniel Radcliffe in the films.
At university JK studied French and the classics. Her first husband was Portuguese but unfortunately the
marriage was not a success. After, she was very sad and cried a lot. She was unemployed and poor.
J.K. prepared the first Harry Potter book in the Nicolsons Caf in Edinburgh. Then JK tried to find a
publisher. She offered her first book to twelve publishers in England but they didnt like it. Fortunately, a
little girl called Alice enjoyed reading the first chapter. She is the daughter of a publisher and he agreed to
publish the book.
Six more books followed and the films of course. Now JK isnt sad or worried about money. In fact, her
life is more magic than Harry Potters!

1. Which famous person became the international number one in

their field?
2. Which famous person has a well-known sister in her own
country?
3. Which famous person had their great idea stolen by a
company?
4. Which famous person is also a trained dancer?
5. Which famous person suffered a bad decision by an official
association?
6. Which famous person went through a bad patch in their life?
7. Which famous person survived a war?
8. Which famous person does not eat meat?
9. Which famous person was considered not good enough by
most professionals?
10.
Which famous person started their career before they
were five years old?
11.
Which famous person won a dancing prize?
12.
Which person had to give something up to have more
time for their education?
13.
Which famous person was discovered by a child?
14.
Which famous person speaks a lot of languages?
15.
Which famous person was also a teacher?
Never get lost again!
You ..1.. probably never heard of NavStar, but you may have
heard ..2.. the initials GPS. These two names are abbreviations. NavStar is the short form of
the ..3.. clumsy words Navigation System using Time And Ranging, and GPS ..4.. for Global
Positioning System. And they mean that in the ..5.. future, you will never get lost again.
NavStar is in ..6.. eighteen satellites which orbit the earth at an altitude of over 20 000 km.
These satellites go around the world on different orbits, so that at ..7.. two of them are in the sky

over every part of the Earth. This means that NavStar is somewhere overhead ..8.. you are
reading this. These satellites transmit a radio signal. They are the most important ..9.. of the
whole system, which is called GPS.
GPS as a ..10.. includes computers on the ground which calculate the time that it takes for the
radio signals from NavStar to reach them. ..11.. this information, they can tell the people using
the computers where they are. During the Gulf war, which was ..12.. in huge open spaces in the
desert, GPS helped the allied armies to get to their targets faster than their enemies believed
possible.
Today GPS is ..13.. by all sorts of businesses. Vehicles ..14.. with GPS allow their bases to know
where they are at every minute of the day. GPS also works with map programmes on computers.
Already some motorists use GPS to drive confidently to places they have never ..15.. to before.

FCE Use of English part 1 test 3 Answer sheet

B
C
D

A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

could

have

may

can

of

that

in

or

bit

other

rather

just

works

places

stands

holds

close

near

coming

soon

real

deed

actual

fact

least

minimum

fewest

last

as

during

for

now

bite

area

sort

part

idea

whole

fact

entity

After

Because

Using

Thanks

done

fought

battle

happened

using

benefit

good

used

carried

loaded

fitted

worked

15.

been

visited

went

She always forgets her bag when she goes. goes

Every
forgets her bag.

2.

He asked if I could lend him my car. I

He asked, "Can
your car?"

3.

John is shorter than Mike but taller than Fred.. than

Fred
and John.

4.

You must hand in the forms by Friday.. be

The
in by Friday.

5.

I will take revenge for that.. back

I will
for that.

6.

Only Jack could do that.. Jack

Nobody
do that.

7.

Please tell me what happens next.. let

what happens next.

8.

Would you like a rest now?. take

Would you like
now?

9.

He asked me what I was doing there.. doing

He asked " What
?"

10. He isn't very busy today.. lot

He doesn't
do today.

come

Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE
WORD in each gap.
Edward Kennedy "Duke"Ellington was a great American jazz musician. He was a
composer, bandleader and performer, and many people believe he was a musical
genius. He got the nickname "Duke"
of his noble character. Even
he was easy-going, stylish and graceful, he was, at times, quite vain and
extravagant. However, he was normally generous and he was a natural born
leader. The Duke was born
29th April, 1899,
Washington DC. He learnt

to play the piano

he was seven, but it wasn't

decided to improve his skills and took

he was a teenager that he

playing more seriously. In 1923, he

moved to New York and formed a band

his own. He played at the famous

Cotton Club and the band's unique style soon became very popular. Recording
companies and music publishers were eager to sign
up and they

embarked
played

a long and successful career. Duke Ellington and his band

over the world and with such big names as Miles Davis, Louis

Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald.

of the Duke's greatest works include

"Concerto for Cootie", "Cotton Tail", "In a sentimental mood" and "Take the A
train". When he died on 24th May, 1974,
the age of seventy-five, he had

written over 2 000 musical compositions. He is acknowledged as

influential musicians of the 20th century.

of the

A WEALTH OF EXPERIENCE

Mary Smith has (0) .been a contributor to Fame magazine for the (16) six years.
She is a freelance writer and television producer based in London. She (17) .. worked
on stories across six continents and (18) . nominated for an Emmy Award for her
coverage of the 1991 Soviet coup.
Having now given (19) .covering war zones, she has (20) up polo
which she finds far (21)..dangerous, (22) .considers it an addiction (23)
will finish either in bankruptcy or old (24).. .This month, she will play the game
riding (25) ..the back of an elephant.Mary also (26) three years in Japan
studying the language (27) coming back to London to work (28)the BBC and
the Japanese Broadcasting Corporation. In this issue of Fame she writes (29) .an
initiative to (30) .Namibias cheetahs and leopards

WRITING

You see this advertisement in an international student magazine.

Write an

article between 140 - 190 words.

The following example answer has not been divided into paragraphs. Read it and
divide it into 4 separate paragraphs. Think about:

The opening paragraph.

Nightlife
Sports
Conclusion

EXAMPLE
Young people in the town of Yawnington tend to go to the city for entertainment. Is this because theres
nothing to do there, or is it the attraction of the big city? Unfortunately, Yawningtons youth club closed
down last year. Its Saturday night disco was the only place where teenagers could go to dance. Two
pubs now have live music at weekends, although one of them can be dangerous and often has live
fighting! The cinema used to be popular, but has recently been reopened as a bingo hall.Now that the
youth club is closed, the swimming pool and the park are the only two places where young people can
exercise. The parks tennis courts are great for buying drugs, but not very good for playing tennis.
Besides, the nets have been stolen and the courts are full of holes.To be honest, its understandable why
teenagers go to the city for entertainment. There isnt much to do in Yawnington, and unless the council
invest in more facilities, It seems unlikely that the situation will improve.

FCE Listening Test 2 Part 1

Part 1
You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose
the best answer (A, B or C).

You hear a man talking about a ceramics course he attended.

What aspect of the course did he find unsatisfactory?

A the level of support from the staff
B the quality of the materials
C the cost for students

2 On a radio programme, you hear some information about a future

guest.
What will he be talking about?
A organising a mountain holiday
B learning mountain-climbing skills
C buying mountaineering equipment

3 You hear part of a talk about how to look fit and healthy.
What is the speaker's advice?
A check your weight regularly
B build up your muscles
C avoid certain foods

4 You overhear two college students talking about applying for a weekend job.
What do they agree about?
A It would be an enjoyable thing to do.
B It would be useful experience for the future.
C It would help them with their college expenses.

5 You overhear two people talking about transport.

Why has the woman decided to use a bike instead of a car?

A She hopes the exercise will improve her health.

B She is concerned about the environment.
C She can no longer afford the cost.

6 On the radio, you hear a woman talking about a sport. What is she doing?
A explaining something to us
B warning us about something
C recommending something to us

7 You hear the weather forecast on the radio. How will the weather change tomorrow?
A It will get colder.
B It will get sunnier.
C It will get windier.

FCE Listening Test 2 Part 2

Part 2
You will hear a talk on the radio about the Loch Ness Monster. For questions 9-18, complete
the sentences.

00:00 / 00:00

The mysterious monster

The head of the Loch Ness Monster has been compared to that of a (9)____________ .

The first published photographic image of the monster is known as the (10)___________
picture.

People argued that a picture taken in 1960 actually showed a (11) __________ but experts
have proved them wrong.

Tim Dinsdale realised that most monster sightings occurred on days when the weather
was (12) _______ .

Most eyewitnesses say they have no interest in getting (13) ________ when they report their
sightings.

In 1968, an underwater investigation used sonar equipment instead of (14) __________ to

try and find the monster.

An attempt to find the monster by using a (15) ________ failed in 1969 because the Loch
Ness water is so dirty.

The idea of using a group of (16) _______ to help with the search proved to be too
complicated.

Dr Rines' underwater picture of 1972 seemed to show the (17) ________ of a large sea
animal.

The aim of the latest research project is to study all the (18) ______and ______ living in Loch
Ness.

Part 3
You will hear five different people talking about concerts they went to.
For questions 19-23, choose from the list (A-F) the opinion each speaker expresses about the
concert.
Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.
00:00 / 00:00

A The performers got a better reception than

they deserved.

B These musicians are at their best in live

performances.

C The concert improved after a disappointing

beginning.

D I enjoyed the band's choice of material for

the concert.

E I'd like to have seen more bands for the

price I paid.

F I was pleased the concert was raising

money for a good cause.

FCE Listening Test 2 Part 4

Part 4
You will hear an interview with Patrick Shaw, who works as a pilot for a company that
organises hot-air balloon trips. For questions 24-30, choose the best answer (A, B or C).

00:00 / 00:00

24 According to Patrick, what worries people most when they take a balloon trip?
A how far the wind will take them
B whether they will hit some obstacle
C what the experience of landing will be like

25 Why does Patrick recommend joining the ground crew?

A It's the best way of learning about balloons.
B It provides some experience of flying a balloon.
C It can be a fun way of earning extra income.

26 What makes the job of the ground crew particularly difficult?

A poor communication with the pilot

B unpredictable weather conditions

C the nervousness of the passengers

27 Patrick says that all members of the ground crew must

A be physically strong.
B have good social skills.
C know their area well.

28 Patrick finds it unsatisfactory when new crew members

A fail to cooperate with each other.
B distract him with unnecessary questions.
C don't accept the way things should be done.

29 What does Patrick say about balloon competitions?

A It is often difficult to determine who has won.
B The finishing target area is often unmarked.
C Some competitors are requesting clearer rules.

30 Patrick thinks his particular skills as a pilot result from

A the way in which he was trained.
B the fact that he's adventurous by nature.
C the amount of experience he has.

Listening

IA

2C

3B

4 A 5C

6A

9. sheep
10. surgeon's
11. boat
12. fine/good
13. publicity
14. photography
15. submarine
16. dolphins
17. flipper
18. plants / animals (in either order)
19. F
20. C
21. A
22. D
23. B

24. C
25. A

7B

26. B
27. B
28. C
29. A
30. C

Plastic bags
1.D

2.B

3.D

4.B

5.A 6.B

7.C

3.A

4.C

5.A

7. A

Crisis
1.D

2.A

Low emission diet

1. F

6.A

2.A 3.D

Famous 1. C 2. A 3. B 4.A
12. C 13. D 14. A 15.B

5.C

4. B

5. H

6. D

7.B

6.G
8.A

7. E
9.D 10.C 11.B

1. C2. A3. C4. C5. B6. D7. A8. A9. D10.B11.C12.B13.D14.C15.A

1. Every time she goes she forgets her bag.

2. He asked "Can I borrow your car?"
3. Fred is shorter than Mike and John.
4. The forms must be handed in by Friday.
5. I will get my own back for that.
6. Nobody but Jack could do that.
7. Let me know what happens next.
8. Would you like to take a break now?
9. He asked "What are you doing here?"
10. He doesn't have a lot to do today.
Duke ellington

1. Because
2. Though 3. On 4. In
5. When
8. Of
9. Them 10. On 12. All
13. Some
16. Most

6. Until 7. His
14. At 15. One

Wealth experience
Last / has / was / up / taken / less/ but / that, which / age
on / spent / before / for / about / save