agung

Agung musical instrument Mindoro. The agung is a set of two wide-rimmed, verticallysuspended gongs used by the Maguindanao, Maranao, Sama-Bajau and Tausug people of the
Philippines as a supportive instrument in kulintang ensembles. The agung is also ubiquitous
among other groups found in Palawan, Panay, Mindoro, Mindanao, Sabah, Sulawesi, Sarawak
and Kalimantan as an integral part of the agung orchestra.
The agung is a large, heavy, wide-rimmed gong shaped like a kettle gong. of the agung
produces a bass sound in the kulintang orchestra and weighs between 11 and 15 pounds, but
it is possible to find agungs weigh as low as 5 pounds or as high as 20 or 30 pounds each,
depending on the metal (bronze, brass or iron) used to produce them.
Though their diameters are smaller than the gandingans, at roughly 22 inches (560 mm) to
24 inches (610 mm) in length, they have a much deeper turned-in takilidan (rim) than the
latter, with a width of 12 to 13 inches (330 mm) including the knob.
They are hung vertically above the floor at or a bit below the waist line, suspended by
ropes fastened to structures like strong tree limb, beam of a house, ceiling, or gong stand.
The larger, lower pitched gong of the two is called the pangandungan by the Maguindanao
and the p'nanggisa-an by the Maranao. Played on the musician's right, it provides the main
part, which it predominantly played on the accents of the rhythmic structure.
The smaller, higher pitched gong, the thicker of the two, is called the panentekan by the
Maguindanao and the p'malsan or pumalsan by the Maranao. Found on the players left, it is
mainly played on the weaker double and triple beats of the rhythmic structure, in
counterpoint to the pangandungan's part

kulintang
The kulintang is a type of metal gong that is played using
sticks. A kulintang set is usually made up of a minimum eight
gongs having different pitches. It is traditionally played by
women and is the melodic instrument in a kulintang ensemble.
Kulintang playing is important to mark events like weddings
and official celebrations. Players also use it to show off their
skills to attract the opposite sex. Agung Used in: Bangsamoro
provinces, Palawan, Mindoro, Panay, Cebu

dabakan
The dabakan is a type of drum that is used to provide a bass
beat for kulintang ensembles. It is usually played using sticks.
The head of the drum is made out of animal skin (goat,
carabao, deer, etc) and its body out of coconut or jackfruit
tree wood. Ornate carvings usually decorate the body of the
dabakan. Sulibao Used in: Benguet and Mountain Province

Sulibao
The sulibao is a type of hand drum that has a long body that
resembles a tobacco stick. Because of its small head it has a
higher pitch than the dabakan. Sulibao is used to accompany
the gangsa in gatherings and helps the players maintain their
tempo or playing speed. Tongatong Used in: Cordillera
provinces

Diwas
The diwas is a type of bamboo panpipe made up of five to
eight individual pipes with various pitches. Each pipe only has
one hole and the instrument makes sound by bouncing air back
on the blowing (open) end of the pipe. In some provinces in the
Cordillera, the pipes are also played individually and are then
called saggeypo. Tambuli and Budyong Used in: Southern
Luzon (Tagalog regions); Mindoro and Eastern Mindanao

tambuli
The tambuli and budyong are one-note trumpets. The tambuli
is made from carabao horns while the budyong is made of
giant conch shell of the species Cassis. Both are often used to
signal villagers from long distances to warn of danger or to
indicate approaching visitors. Budyong players are also known
to use it for rituals. Because they play only single, sustained
notes they are not often counted as musical instruments.
String instruments These types of instruments are those that
produce sounds by the vibration of strings. The strings are
either plucked or strummed with the fingers or hit with a
stick. Kudyapi Used in: all around Mindanao, Visayas and
Palawan

The kolitong is a type of bamboo zither with strings made of fine bamboo
skin. The strings encircle the hollow bamboo sounding board and frets
made of bamboo are inserted beneath the strings to create variations in
pitch. The number of strings range from five to eleven. It is played with
the fingers or by hitting the strings with a stick.

Aerophone, vertical flute

Short bamboo tube, cut off on the node and closed with a piece of wood,
lower part of the hole half covered, with a burnt in hole.
Dimensions: length: 14,7 cm., dimater: 1,6 cm.

Lantuy
Ethnic group: Hanunoo
Location: Mindoro

Aerophone, chip-on-ledge flute

Slightly curved bamboo tube, closed on one side by a node and cut off
under an angle. On the cut off surface an extra piece of banboo is tied.
Dimensions: length: 31,5 cm., diameter: 1,5 cm.

Courting flute
Ethnic group: Bontoc
Location: North Luzon (Cordillera)

Chordophone, two stringed boat lute

Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone.
Eight frets are glued on the neck of the lute. The body of the instrument is carved
with geometric patterns. The neck and the head are adorned with horse hair; the
tail has two (originally three) pieces of carabao skin; the strap is adorned with
bead work.
Dimensions: length: 98 cm., width: 8,5 cm., height: 5,5 cm.

Kudlung
Ethnic group: B'laan
Location: SE Mindanao (christian/animist part)