AIM AND OBJECTIVEs OF THE PROJECT

Ultra Arduino refers to the scanning for nearby objects control the Arduino sound an
alarm when the sensor detects an object within a specific vicinity allows data to be
plotted to make a simple sonar scanner.
Ultra Arduino will include following features: 1. Visualize nearby environment using Ultrasonic Sensor.
2. Detection of nearby object and warn about it.
3. Intrusion Detection.
4. Range Finder

BACKGROUND STUDY
Introduction to ARDUINO BASED ULTRASONIC RADAR
Radar is an object detection system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the
range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects.
The main component in any Ultrasonic Radar are the Ultrasonic Sensors which
evaluates attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves
respectively.
The use of such technology has been seen recently in the self-parking car systems
launched by AUDI, FORD etc.
Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo
to determine the distance to an object.
The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor is a very affordable proximity/distance sensor that has
been used mainly for object avoidance in various robotics projects. It essentially gives
your Arduino eyes and can prevent your robot from crashing or falling off a table. It
has also been used in water level sensing, and even as a parking sensor. This simple
project will use the HC-SR04 sensor with an Arduino and a processing sketch to
provide a neat little interactive display on your computer screen.
Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button,
or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an
LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set
of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino
programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on
Processing.
Servomotor is a servomechanism. It is a closed-loop servomechanism that uses position
feedback to control its motion and final position. The input to its control is some signal,
either analogue or digital, representing the position commanded for the output shaft.
The motor is paired with some type of encoder to provide position and speed feedback.
In the simplest case, only the position is measured.
2

METHODOLOGY
Ultrasonic sensors are ideally suited to accurate, automatic distance measurement in
normal and difficult environments. Ultrasonic sensors are particularly suitable for
environments where optical sensors are unusable such as smoke, dust and similar.
Ultrasonic sensors are very accurate, stable and can be used over large ranges.
Ultrasonic sensors can measure the following parameters without contacting the
medium to be measured.

Distance

Level

Diameter

Presence

Position

Ultrasonic sensors make accurate measurements in many difficult environments and

unusual materials. Measurements are unaffected by:

Material

Surface

Light

Dust

Mist and Vapor

TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO BE USED

The main tools used are:

Arduino kit

Servo motor

Ultra sonic sensor

Bread board

Led

Buzzer

The hardware and software requirements for the project are: -

Hardware configuration:
Processor: 2.0 GHz.
RAM: 2 GB
Free Space required on hard disk: 500 MB (Recommended)

Software requirement:
Arduino SDK 1.6.6

PROPOSED WORK
This project comprises of two sub-parts. The front end involves designing an
application to visualize microcontrollers data.
The back end involves building a network of microcontroller based prototypes to
emulate use of ultra-sonic sensor and visualize it in form of radar

Working
The basic principle of work:
a- Using Input output trigger for at least 10 microseconds high level signal
b- The Module automatically sends eight 40 KHz and detect whether there is a
pulse signal back.
c- If the signal back, through high level, time of high output Input output duration is
the time from sending ultrasonic to returning.
d- If any object is detected it is plotted in the application

Fig 1: Sonar

Ultrasonic generators use piezoelectric materials such as zinc or lead zirconium tartrates
or quartz crystal. The velocity of sound in the air is around 330 m/s at 0C and varies
with temperature. In this project, we will excite the ultrasonic transmitter unit with a
pulse burst and expect an echo from the object whose distance we want to measure
transmitted burst. It travels to the object in the air and the echo signal is picked up by
another ultrasonic transducer unit (receiver), The received signal, which is very weak,
is amplified several times in the receiver circuit and appears as shown in fig 1.
The ultrasonic pulse, echo signal and time measurement. Weak echoes also occur due
to the signals being directly received through the side lobes. These are ignored as the
real echo received alone would give the correct distance. That is why we should have a
level control. The signal gets weaker if the target is farther than 2.5 meters and will
need a higher pulse excitation voltage or a better transducer. Here the microcontroller
is used to generate sound pulses. It reads when the echo arrives; it finds the time taken
in microseconds for to-and-fro travel of sound waves. Using velocity of 333 m/s, it does
the calculations and shows on the four 7segment displays the distance in centimeters
and millimeters

REFERENCES
Websites:
[1] Wikipedia. (2015). Arduino. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino
[2] Charles Bell, Beginning Sensors Network with Arduino