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Circuits
Engineering Sciences 154
Basic BJT Amplifier Configurations
There are plenty of texts around on basic electronics, so this is a very brief look at the three basic ways in which a
bipolar junction transistor (BJT) can be used. In each case, one terminal is common to both the input and output signal.
All the circuits shown here are without bias circuits and power supplies for clarity.
Here the emitter terminal is common to both the input and output signal. The arrangement is the same for a PNP
transistor. Used in this way the transistor has the advantages of a medium input impedance, medium output impedance,
high voltage gain and high current gain.
Here the base is the common terminal. Used frequently for RF applications, this stage has the following properties.
Low input impedance, high output impedance, unity (or less) current gain and high voltage gain.
This last configuration is also more commonly known as the emitter follower. This is because the input signal applied
at the base is "followed" quite closely at the emitter with a voltage gain close to unity. The properties are a high input
impedance, a very low output impedance, a unity (or less) voltage gain and a high current gain. This circuit is also used
extensively as a "buffer" converting impedances or for feeding or driving long cables or low impedance loads.
COMMON
BASE
COMMON
EMITTER
COMMON
EMITTER
(Emitter Resistor)
COMMON
COLLECTOR
(Emitter Follower)
180
180
HIGH
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
LOW
LOW
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
HIGH
VOLTAGE GAIN
CURRENT GAIN
POWER GAIN
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
HIGH
HIGH
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
LOW
INPUT RESISTANCE
OUTPUT RESISTANCE
Detailed Analysis
Common or Grounded Emitter Amplifier (actual circuit configuration)
CE Amplifier Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit
To analyze this configuration, we first set down the complete nodal equations:
and if we substitute this expression into the first nodal equation we find that
Finally, substituting these two expressions into the second nodal equation we find the following expression for
the voltage gain:
When
When
but
it reduces to
Again to analyze this configuration, we first set down the complete nodal equations:
Substituting the second nodal equation into the first we find the following expression for the voltage gain:
A "trickly" calculation is required to obtain the output impedance. To do so we first shut off the input voltage
and then apply test voltage source, vx , to the output terminal. Under these circumstances, the current into the
output terminal is given by: