Jammu & Kashmir

Interlocutors Report

Weakens constitutional link

between J&K and rest of India

Bharatiya Janata Party

Foreword

he Jammu & Kashmir Interlocutors' Report released by

the Government of India has generated lots of heat in the
public domain. The UPA Government appointed the J&K
Interlocutors Group on October 13, 2010. The interlocutors,
well known journalist Dilip Padgaonkar, academicians Radha
Kumar and M. M. Ansari, submitted their report to the Minister
on October 12, 2011 which was made public by the Home Ministry
on May 24, 2012. The report seeking a New Compact with
Jammu and Kashmir covers a wide range of issues - political,
economic, social and cultural. The 176 page report submitted by
the interlocutors does not appear to be strengthening the Indian
Union rather it has seeds of disintegration and strife.
It is shocking to note that the interlocutors in place of
respecting the resolution of the parliament passed unanimously
declaring J&K to be integral part of India, have attempted to set
in motion the forces of further dislocation and disunity. In place of
pledging to work towards larger unity of Kashmir by suggesting
steps to take back PoK, the report recommends further surrender
to the demands of the separatists. The recommendation to make
article 370 a permanent provision of constitution will lead to
dangerous consequences with the prospect of integration of J&K
with rest of India becoming bleak. The recommendations are also

suggestive of accepting pre-1953 condition which may undo all

the steps taken hitherto to strengthen the process of integration
between J&K and the rest of India. The issue of Kashmiri Hindus
has also been not given sufficient attention as they still remain a
neglected lot.
The apprehensions expressed at the time of appointment of
the J&K interlocutors group have proved to be true. As one goes
through the pages of the report the agenda to separatists and those
against the unity and integrity of India gets unfolded. It would be
in the interest of the nation to summarily reject the report and take
fresh initiatives with nationalist outlook. The report has not only
received all round criticism, the demand for rejecting it has been
growing loud and clear in the country. We are publishing BJP
resolution on the Interlocutors report on Jammu & Kashmir
unanimously passed in the BJP National Executive Meeting held
on 24 May 2012 and other selected articles for our esteemed
readers.

Publisher
Bharatiya Janata Party
11, Ashoka Road
New Delhi - 110001

August 2012

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Group of Interlocutors for J&K

A new compact with the people

Jammu & Kashmir
I
The contents of this report are primarily the outcome of the
Group's interactions with more than 700 delegations held in all the
twenty two districts of Jammu and Kashmir and the three roundtable conferences (RTCs) we organized since our appointment
on 13 October, 2010. The delegations represented political parties
at the State and local levels; civil society groups engaged in the
protection of human rights, development and good governance;
student bodies; the academic fraternity; associations of lawyers,
journalists and businessmen; trade unions; religious establishments;
community organizations of specific ethnic groups and people
uprooted from their homes due to war or endemic violence; newlyelected panchayats members, the heads of the police, the
paramilitary forces and the Army. The three RTCs - two conducted
in Srinagar and one in Jammu - brought together women, scholars/
activists and cultural workers from all the three regions of the
State, viz. Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.
Several thousand ordinary citizens also turned up at three mass
meetings we attended to express their views on a wide range of
issues. Furthermore, we met militants and stone-pelters lodged in
the Central Jail in Srinagar, and the families of the victims of alleged
1

human rights abuses.

The report takes into account the vast literature on Jammu
and Kashmir: scholarly studies and journalistic reportages;
proposals for a political settlement contained in documents issued
by mainstream and off-stream political formations; publications of
think tanks; reports of various Commissions and working groups
established by the Central or the State government over the past
several decades; and official documents related to political and
constitutional developments since Jammu and Kashmir's accession
to the Indian Union.
II
The political settlement we propose takes into full account the
deep sense of victimhood prevalent in the Kashmir Valley. It surely
deserves to be addressed with great sensitivity. At the same, we
have also sought to avoid the pitfalls of viewing the myriad issues
bedeviling the State from the prism of any one region or ethnic or
religious community.
Our interactions revealed a wide-spread desire of people to
lead a life of dignity and honour. They sought, in particular:
- Freedom from all forces of religious extremism, ethnic or
regional chauvinism and majoritarian conceits that disturb
communal and inter-regional harmony;
- Freedom from an opaque and unaccountable administration;
- Freedom from economic structures, policies and
programmes that frustrate efforts to promote inclusive
economic growth and balanced development of all parts of
the State;
- Freedom from social structures and policies that are
detrimental to disadvantaged social groups, minorities and
women;
- Freedom from harsh laws, or laws harshly applied, and
judicial delays that curb the space for legitimate dissent;
- Freedom from the kind of intimidation and violence that
compel people to flee their habitat;
2

Freedom from threats to the religious, linguistic and cultural

identity of all communities;
Freedom from pressures on the media and on media
persons, RTI activists, civil rights group and cultural
organizations.

III
We believe that a broad consensus exists on the following
points:
- A political settlement in Jammu and Kashmir must be
achieved only through dialogue between all stake-holders,
including those who are not part of the mainstream. Their
commitment to democracy and pluralism must be above
board.
- Jammu and Kashmir should continue to function as a single
entity within the Indian Union.
- The State's distinctive status guaranteed by Article 370 must
be upheld. Its 'erosion' over the decades must be reappraised to vest it with such powers as the State needs to
promote the welfare of the people on its own terms.
- People must be able to exercise their democratic rights
without the strains and stresses of the past, both as State
subjects and as Indian citizens. Transparent and accountable
governance cannot be ensured otherwise. Nor can freedoms
and the safeguarding of cultural identity, honour and dignity
of every individual.
- The diverse aspirations of the three regions - Jammu, Kashmir
and Ladakh - and of sub-regions, of various ethnic and
religious groups, of people uprooted from their homes due
to wars or endemic violence - must be addressed. This calls
for political, financial and administrative empowerment of
elected bodies at the level of the region, the district, the
block and the Panchayat/Municipality.
- To promote the State's economic self-reliance, a fresh
financial arrangement between the Centre and the State is
3

required. This would include a special dispensation for hilly,

backward and remote areas and for socially disadvantaged
groups.
A hassle-free movement of people, goods and services
across the Line of Control and the International Border must
be swiftly ensured leading to institutionalised cooperation
between the two parts of the erstwhile princely State in all
areas of mutual interest and concern.
This would be best achieved if institutions of democratic
governance are established at the level of the State, the region
and the sub-region in those parts of Jammu and Kashmir
that are presently administered by Pakistan.

IV
To build on this consensus we recommend that a Constitutional
Committee (CC) be set up to review all Central Acts and Articles
of the Constitution of India extended to the State after the signing
of the 1952 Agreement. It should be headed by an eminent
personality who enjoys the esteem of the people of Jammu and
Kashmir and of the people of ndia as a whole. It should include,
as its members, constitutional experts who enjoy the confidence
of all major stake-holders. Its conclusions, to be reached within
six months, will be binding on all of them.
The CC shall be mandated to conduct its review on the
following basis proposed by us. It will bear in mind the dual
character of Jammu and Kashmir, viz. that it is a constituent unit of
the Indian Union and that it enjoys a special status in the said
Union, enshrined in Article 370 of the Constitution of India; and
the dual character of the people of the State, viz. that they are
both State subjects and Indian citizens. The review will, therefore,
have to determine whether - and to what extent - the Central Acts
and Articles of the Constitution of India, extended with or without
amendment to the State, have dented Jammu and Kashmir's special
status and abridged the State government's powers to cater to the
welfare of its people.
4

The Constitutional Committee should be future-oriented in

that it should conduct its review solely on the basis of the powers
the State needs to address the political, economic, social and
cultural interests, concerns, grievances and aspirations of the people
in all the three regions of the State - Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh
- and all its sub-regions and communities. In this connection, the
Committee will also need to reflect on the quantum of legislative,
financial and administrative powers that the State Government
should delegate to the three regions at all levels of governance the regional, district and Panchayat/Municipality.
The Constitutional Committee's recommendations must be
reached through consensus so that they are acceptable to all stakeholders represented in the State Assembly and in Parliament. The
next step would be for the President, in exercise of the powers
conferred by Clause (1) and (3) of Article 370 of the Constitution,
to issue an order incorporating the recommendations of the
Constitutional Committee.
The order will need to be ratified by a Bill in both Houses of
Parliament and by each House in the State Legislature by a margin
of not less than two-thirds majority of the total membership present
and voting in each House. It will then be presented to the President
for assent. Once this process is over, Clauses (1) and (3) of Article
370 shall cease to be operative and no orders shall be made by
the President hereafter under the said clauses as from the date of
the final order.
V
To facilitate the work of the Constitutional Committee, we list
below our own suggestions. We seek a New Compact with Jammu
and Kashmir. It covers a wide range of issues - political, economic,
social and cultural. Political Component: Centre-State Relations:
We believe that retaining many of the Central laws made applicable
to the State over the past six decades should not give rise to any
strong objections. They must be seen to be what they are: fairly
innocuous laws that have been beneficial to the State and its people
5

and also enabled the State to conform to international standards,

norms and regulations. For example, laws related to opium, press
and registration of books, payment of wages and insurance.
Further, we believe that the national interest will not be
adversely affected if certain subjects from List III of the Seventh
Schedule are transferred to the State. Detailed suggestions in this
respect are contained in the Chapter on the Political Components
of the New Compact. Indeed, the future-oriented approach we
have suggested - one that takes into full account the strategic,
political, economic and cultural changes in the State, in India as a
whole, in the South-Asian region and beyond, as a result of
globalization - should enable all stakeholders to reach a rapid
agreement on the Articles of the Constitution of India extended to
the State.
Our recommendations on certain issues of contention are as
follows: Delete the word 'Temporary' from the heading of Article
370 and from the title of Part XXI of the Constitution. Replace it
with the word 'Special' as it has been used for other States under
article 371 (Maharashtra and Gujarat); Article 371A (Nagaland);
371B (Assam); 371C (Manipur); 371D and E (Andhra Pradesh);
371F (Sikkim); 371G (Mizoram); 371H (Arunachal Pradesh);
371I (Goa).
On the Governor: the State Government, after consultations
with Opposition parties, shall submit a list of three names to the
President. The President can ask for more suggestions if required.
The Governor will be appointed by the President and hold office
at the pleasure of the President. Article 356: the action of the
Governor is now justiciable in the Supreme Court. The present
arrangement should continue with the proviso that the Governor
will keep the State legislature under suspended animation and hold
fresh elections within three months. Article 312: The proportion
of officers from the All India Services should be gradually reduced
in favour of officers from the State civil service without curbing
administrative efficiency.
The nomenclatures in English of the Governor and the Chief
6

Minister should continue as at present. Equivalent nomenclatures

in Urdu may be used while referring to the two offices in Urdu.
Create three Regional Councils, one each for Jammu, Kashmir
and Ladakh. (The latter would no longer be a division of Kashmir).
Devolve certain legislative, executive and financial powers to them.
A further devolution of executive and financial powers to
Panchayati Raj institutions - at the level of a district, a village
panchayat, a municipality or a corporation - would be part of the
overall package. All these bodies will be elected. Provisions will
be made for representation of women, SC/ST, backward clans
and minorities (See part VI). MLAs will be ex-officio members
with voting rights.
Parliament will make no laws applicable to the State unless
it relates to the country's internal and external security and its vital
economic interest, especially in the areas of energy and access to
water resources.
These changes should be harmonized in all parts of the former
princely State. All opportunities for cross-LOC cooperation should
be promoted. This will require substantial constitutional changes
in Pakistan-administered Jammu and Kashmir Take all
appropriate measures to regard Jammu and Kashmir as a bridge
between South and Central Asia.
VI
The subjects out of List II of the Seventh Schedule that could
be transferred from the State Legislature to the Regional Councils
are listed in detail in our report.
Among the subjects from List III transferred to the State
Legislature, the State Legislature could consider delegating some
of those subjects to the Regional Councils.The subjects listed in
'A' and 'B' of the agreement reached on Gorkhaland can also be
considered.
Meanwhile, the financial and administrative powers to be
delegated to Panchayati Raj institutions will be on the lines of the
73rd and 74th amendments of the Constitution of India.
7

VII
B. Cultural CBMs In order to promote reintegration of the
three regions of the State, take the following cultural steps: Initiate
an inter-and intra-Kashmir dialogue, establish exchange
programmes of students, writers, artists and crafts persons, create
appropriate infrastructure for arts, develop multi-cultural curricula,
provide translation services to the State's many languages, revitalize
the State's folk traditions, encourage cross-LOC tourism and open
radio and television programmes in the State's languages.
VIII
C. Economic and Social CBMs Adopt the best practices of
other Indian States for the promotion of socioeconomic activities
under the mode of public-private partnerships; create SEZs for
the promotion of industry, which should be extended financial and
fiscal incentives on the pattern of the North Eastern States; provide
attractive export incentives for promotion of Kashmiri handicrafts;
extend technical and financial support for improving productivity
and production of horticulture industry; preserve new ecology and
bio-diversity of the State; ensure early vacation of industrial
establishments and other buildings occupied by security forces;
explore exploitation of minerals and other deposits of natural
resources; operationalize an International Airport in Srinagar to
attracting tourists from international destinations; expedite the
completion of all infrastructure projects including rail links and
surface roads connecting different regions of the State and across
he borders; transfer Central sector power generating projects to
the State; and declare hilly, remote and backward areas as Special
Development Zones. Need for an overall educational policy;
effective implementation of health schemes; implementation of
flagship programmemes through Panchayati Raj institutions.
IX
Road Map: The Roadmap leading to these political, economic
and cultural freedoms depends on the credibility of the dialogue
8

process, implementation of key CBMs and building a consensus

amongst key stakeholders. Judging from the situation on the ground
and the lessons learned from previous peace initiatives, the following
CBMs will help establish a credible dialogue for resolution:
(a) Speeding Up Human Rights and Rule of Law Reforms This
includes the release of all remaining "stone-pelters" and
political prisoners against whom there are no serious charges,
withdrawal of FIRs against those of them that are first-timers
or minor offenders, amnesty for militants who renounce
violence and their rehabilitation, the rehabilitation of all victims
of violence, reduction of the intrusive presence of security
forces, constant review of the implementation of various
Acts meant to counter militancy and, not least, the return of
the Kashmiri Pandits, and Jammu and Kargil migrants to
their homes to lead a life of security, honour and dignity,
adequate compensation for migrants from Pakistanadministered Kashmir and the recognition of their status as
State subjects.
(b) Amendment of the PSA and Review of the DA and AFSPA:
(c) Improvement of police-community relations .
(d) Rationalisation of security installations through reducing their
spread to a few strategic locations and creating mobile units
for rapid resoponse .
(e) Fast-track implementation of the Recommendations of the
Prime Minister's Working Group on CBMs, in particular;
Making the return of all Kashmiris, mainly Pandits (Hindu
minority) a part of State policy; Providing better relief and
rehabilitation for widows and orphans of violence in the
State, including widows and orphans of militants; and
Facilitating the return of Kashmiris stranded across the LoC,
many of whom had crossed over for arms training but now
wish to return peacefully.
(f) Fast-track implementation of the recommendations of the
Prime Minister's Working Group on Relations across the
LoC. This will anchor efforts to build consensus for a solution
9

and should include opening all routes across the LoC, and
easy trade and travel through multiple-entry permits/Visas
(g) Establish a Judicial Commission to look into the unmarked
graves, with an emphasis on identification of missing/
disappeared persons Many of these CBMs only been
partially implemented. In order to ensure better
implementation, the Group recommends the establishment
of an empowered group to monitor CBMs
Dialogue Process : In order to take the political dialogue
forward, the Group recommends:
(a) Resume the GOI-Hurriyat dialogue at the earliest
opportunity. his dialogue should yield visible outcomes and
be made uninterruptible. .
(b) Encourage Pakistan and Pakistani-administered Jammu and
Kashmir to enter into dialogue on the recommendations as
finetuned by the CC and points emerging from the GOIHurriyat dialogue.
(c) Agreement between India and Pakistan to promote civil
society interactions for the Jammu and Kashmir on both
sides of the Line of Control.
X
Harmonization of Relations Across the LoC A large number
of the delegations that we met believe that no permanent or lasting
solution can be achieved unless it applies also to the those parts of
the former princely State that are under Pakistani administration.
Such a position is also in consonance with the 1994 Parliament
Resolution, which sought a settlement for the whole of the former
princely State. The Pakistan-administered parts, however, have
been altered in the significant ways. Pakistan-administered Jammu
and Kashmir is currently divided into two parts, each with a different
political status. The demography of the State has also been altered
in significant ways, through migration from other Pakistani
provinces. Any attempt of harmonization of Centre-State Relations
and devolution of powers at the regional, district and Panchayat/
10

Municipality levels across the LoC, therefore, will necessitate wideranging constitutional change in Pakistan -administered Jammu &
Kashmir. If agreed, such harmonization will permit the development
of joint institutions across the LoC for development, resource
generation and other common matters. This Group recommends
that these issues be discussed with the concerned representatives
on the other side of the LoC.
XI
Finally, this Group recommends that the search for solution
should not be made contingent on India-Pakistan talks. If the
stakeholders in Jammu & Kashmir are willing to entre into a
settlement, the door can always be kept open for Pakistan to join.
The key objective is, as Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has
expressed, make the LoC irrelevant. It should become a symbol
of Concord and Cooperation.

Resolution on Interlocutors' Report on J&K

Report weakens constitutional link

between J&K and rest of India
A statement on the interlocutors report on Jammu & Kashmir was
presented by Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha Shri Arun Jaitley
in the BJP National Executive Meeting on 24 May 2012. While
criticizing the report on several counts the statement laments that
the steps suggested in the report may weaken the constitutional
link between the State and the rest of the country. The statement
was approved unanimously in the meeting. We are publishing the
full text of the statement for our esteemed readers:

he Interlocutors report on Jammu and Kashmir has

been deliberately released 36 hours after the
Parliament was adjourned, sine die. This has been done in order
to avoid parliamentary accountability of the report.
The BJP will react in detail after examining the report at length.
The party, however, on a preliminary examination of the report
expresses its disappointment on the same. The report is a verbose
document written in denial about certain basic realities. Some of
these facts which the report ignores are :i) Pakistan has not reconciled to Jammu & Kashmir being integral
part of India and it is not likely to cooperate in terms of resolution
of the political issues.
ii) The key problem confronting the State is terrorism, both crossborder and local, which is engineered either from Pakistan or
local separatist groups. The report offers no solution to this
problem other than suggesting dilution of anti-terrorism steps.
iii) The future of secularism and coexistence in the Kashmir valley
where Kashmiri Pandits & Sikhs have been tortured,
threatened, killed & compelled to leave the valley. The report
offers no response to their rehabilitation.

11

12

iv) The report weakens the Indian position so stated in the 1994
resolution of the Indian Parliament that PoK is an Integral part
of India. This report proceeds on the basis that PoK is and will
be Pakistan Administered and refers to PoK as PAJK (Pakistan
Administered Jammu & Kashmir).
v) The report fails to consider that within the State there is huge
discrimination against Ladakh and Jammu regions in terms of
development, education, public employment, expenditure and
number of elected representatives.
vi) The report fails to recognize that article 370 has been a
psychological barrier between the State and the rest of the
country. It has prevented investment & integration. It has
weakened the constitutional link between the State and the
rest of India. Rather than recommending the abolition of such
a provision, the report recommends that it be made permanent
by suggesting the replacement of word temporary with the
word special. It holds a hope for the future for recreating
the offices of Wazir-e-Azam and Sadar-e-Riyasat. It
recommends the nomination of the Governor to be initiated by
the state Assembly. It recommends the review of all post 1952 laws and their application to the state of Jammu &
Kashmir. This is a disastrous step since several laws made
applicable to the state after the martyrdom of Dr. Shyama
Prasad Mukharjee in 1953 and the Indira-shaikh accord in 1975
will be reconsidered.
There are several areas of reservation that the BJP has on this
report. Our founder Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee sacrificed his
life to prevent two vidhans, two Pradhans and two Nishans in
one country.
This report tends to recreate what we have always opposed.
The BJP rejects all these aspects of report in their entirety.

13

Interlocutors' Report
is Anti-national
By Prabhat Jha

he last eight years' rule of the Congress-led UPA has made

it clear that political interests of Congress are superior to
those of the nation. All its energies appear to be
concentrated on dividing the nation on caste, creed and regional
lines to earn political mileage and encash it during elections.
The constitutions of Sachar Committee, Ranganathan
Commission and lately of the Kashmir Interlocutors are all steps
in the direction of appeasement of the minority community. The
Interlocutors' Report is a shameful attempt at appeasing the forces
of separatism and disintegration which are working against the
interests of the nation.
The report stands condemned by the main parties in the J&K
including the National Conference. Even those self-styled groups
which boast to speak for the people of Kashmir and have never
faced the people through the democratic process of elections,
and which stand either for an 'independent' Kashmir or for its
integration with Pakistan, have too outrightly rejected it. Many of
such groups even refused to meet the interlocutors.
Even Congress is in a dilemma. It has not, so far, spelled out
its exact stand on the report. Bharatiya Janata Party and many
other political parties have already rejected it and demanded that
it be consigned to the dustbin. In these circumstances, it is difficult
to understand the purpose of constitution of a committee of three
14

interlocutors and spending a few crores of rupees on this useless

exercise.
It is now more than clear that the interlocutors' report is the
outcome of a brief and a mandate the Congress had given to them
before they set in motion their work. The Congress wanted the
interlocutors to submit a report that is pleasing to the heart of
separatists and promotes Congress political and electoral interests.
Even the selection of interlocutors is suspect. One of three
interlocutors, the main one, Dileep Padgaonkar attended an
"international conference" organised by US-based Kashmiri
separatist Ghulam Nabi Fai, arrested by the FBI for illegally
lobbying for Pakistan and ISI. (http://www.indianexpress.com/
news/fai-sponsorship-splits-j&k-panel-ansari-slams-padgaonkar/
820798/)
In these circumstances, what else could one expect from a
person with such a background? Padgaonkar's links with Fai have
not gone well with other Interlocutors.
On the one hand, only on August 13 does the Defence Minister
A. K. Anthony declare that Jammu & Kashmir is an integral part
of India and the only problem remains getting back the part of
Kashmir that is under Pakistan's illegal occupation, and on the
other, the Interlocutors recommend making Article 370 of the
Constitution as permanent feature. This is against the word and
spirit of the Constitution which clearly states that it is "temporary
and transitory" provision and wanted the State to be integrated
with the nation like any other State of the country.
The Interlocutors recommend that "Parliament will make no
laws applicable to the State unless it relates to the country's internal
and external security and its vital economic interest, especially in
the areas of energy and access to water resources".
Before its merger as one of the States of India about four
decades ago, Sikkim was ruled by a king and it had a treaty with
India just for its defence and internal security matters. Before that,
Sikkim was not part of India. The Interlocutors intend to make
J&K what once Sikkim was. It is a clear attempt at Balkanisation
15

of the country and against the spirit of integration of J&K into the
Indian Union.
Mrs. Indira Gandhi succeeded in integrating Sikkim into the
Indian union and there has been no problem in the State since
then. But her worthy successors in dynasty wish to turn J&K into
another "Sikkim".
If there no sanctity in the agreements signed by various leaders,
is there any need for these at all? An Instrument of Accession was
signed by the then Maharaja of J&K Hari Singh with the
Government of India. The then J&K Chief Minister SheikhAbdullah
signed another agreement. After his dismissal the duly elected J&K
assembly and the Parliament enacted various laws. Later, in 1975
an agreement was signed between Sheikh Abdullah and Mrs. Indira
Gandhi. But now the Interlocutors recommend ignoring all these
developments and agreements and want the State and the country
taken to pre-1953 situation. A nation always looks forward into
the future but here is a government that is looking back and wishes
to take the country back. If the country today can be taken back
to the position as it existed before 1953, what can prevent
tomorrow from its being taken back to 1948 and even pre-August
15, 1947 position and bring the British back to rule us?
All that the Congress and the Interlocutors are trying to do is
just putting the cart before the horse.
It is time the Congress started looking for the interests of the
nation and not its petty narrow political interests. The Interlocutors
report is a document that only portends disintegration of the
country. It needs to be consigned into the Indian Ocean.
The writer is the Editor of Kamal Sandesh and
Madhya Pradesh State BJP Presidents besides being a
Rajya Sabha MP.

16

Interlocutors ignore basic facts

By SK Sinha

[The three-member group formed by the Union

Government to suggest a way forward in Jammu &
Kashmir has given a report that is heavily biased in
favour of the Valley. Ironically, even the separatists
have rejected the recommendations]

n the wake of the stone throwing spree of 2010 in the Valley,

a team of three eminent individuals was appointed as
interlocutors for Jammu & Kashmir. Mr Dilip Padgaonkar
was the chairman and the two members were Ms Radha Kumar
and Mr MM Ansari. The interlocutors set about their task with
much diligence. They toured 22 districts of Jammu & Kashmir,
interacted with 700 delegates and addressed three large public
meetings attended by a few 1,000 people. Surprisingly, they did
not visit any Kashmiri Pandit refugee camp, whether in Jammu or
in Delhi.
The separatists refused to meet the interlocutors, just as they
had done earlier when Mr NN Vohra, the present Governor, was
appointed interlocutor, before he took over his present appointment.
They boycotted the two Round Table Conferences convened by
the Prime Minister. On that occasion Mirwaiz Omar Farooq had
stated that he did not want to sit with Tom, Dick and Harry.
However, the interlocutors have taken note of their expressed
views on the Kashmir imbroglio.
The well-intentioned efforts of Mr Padgaonkar and his
colleagues to find a durable solution to the Kashmir problem have
got stymied with wrong perceptions and ignorance of certain basic
17

facts. For instance, their repeated reference to 'Pakistan

Administered Area' instead of 'Pakistan Occupied Kashmir',
undermines the unanimous decision of Parliament about Kashmir
being an integral part of India.
The report fails to take cognisance of the fact that terrorism
and the separatist agenda is confined primarily to Kashmiri Muslims
of the Valley, who are a minority in the State. They are 45 per cent
of the population, 20 per cent are other Muslims like Gujjars,
Bakherwals, Paharis and Kargil Shias, and 35 per cent are Hindus,
Sikhs and Buddhists. Further, all the Kashmiri Muslims do not
support terrorists and separatists.
It is pertinent that a MORI Poll conducted in 2002 by a British
NGO, of which Lord Avebury, a known protagonist of Pakistan,
is the patron, has disclosed revealing statistics: 61 per cent of the
people of Kashmir are with India, six per cent with Pakistan and
33 per cent are undecided.
The sense of victimhood in the Valley is very different from
that in other regions of the State. While in the former it is basically
anti-India, in Jammu and Ladakh regions people want to remain
an integral part of India. Their sense of victimhood arises from
neglect and discrimination by the Valley-dominated State
Government.
While accepting Kashmir's accession, India insisted on Sheikh
Abdullah being installed in power. No doubt he was the tallest
political leader in the Valley but he had negligible influence outside
the Valley. He was given full freedom and he took advantage of
this. Indians from outside Jammu & Kashmir could not enter the
State without obtaining a permit.
This was almost like a visa regime and the Indian national flag
could not be flown in the State.
As a result of the movement launched by Syama Prasad
Mookerjee, who became a martyr in Kashmir, under the NehruSheikh award of 1952, the permit system was abolished and the
national flag was allowed to be flown in the State along with the
State flag. In 1953 Sheikh Abdullah was dismissed for anti-national
18

activities. Since then some Central laws like extending the

jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, Election Commission and
Comptroller and Auditor-General, to the State were duly enacted
in accordance with the provisions in both the Constitution of India
and the Constitution of the State.
The National Conference and others in the Valley have been
demanding restoration of status quo ante to pre-1953. The working
group under Justice Saghir Ahmed endorsed this proposal in its
report which is under examination by Government of India. The
members of this working group were not even shown this report.
The interlocutors have recommended a Constitution
Committee to examine retention or otherwise of Central laws
extended to the State since 1953. And after this examination is
completed, Clauses 1 and 3 of Article 371 of the Constitution be
deleted so that in future no Central law can be extended to Jammu
& Kashmir. The proposed measure is really trying to revert to
pre-1953, and worse, by barring extension of Central laws in the
future. The interlocutors have also recommended that Article 371
should no longer be temporary and be changed to Special, thus
making it permanent. It is not rational to compare Jammu &
Kashmir with other States in Special category under Article 370.
Jammu & Kashmir has a separate Constitution and other separate
provisions. Constitutional amendments require two-thirds majority
in Parliament which is not feasible given the present political
scenario, nor likely in the foreseeable future.
About 30,000 non-Muslim refugees from West Pakistan
sought shelter in Jammu and settled there. Their number is now
over 1,00,000. They have to this day been denied full citizenship
rights. They cannot vote in Assembly or local elections, acquire
immovable property or get employed by the State Government.
Their children cannot get admission in technical educational
institutions. Other refugees from Pakistan who came to India outside
Jammu & Kashmir were immediately given full citizenship rights,
with two of them becoming Prime Minister and one Deputy Prime
Minister.
19

When it was pointed out that the interlocutors have ignored

the case of these homeless and Stateless citizens, Mr Padgaonkar
maintained that pages 97 and 138 of the report cover their case.
This is incorrect. These pertain to Hindu and Muslim refugees
from PoK who have been given full citizenship rights but have
been demanding better compensation for the property they lost in
PoK.
The interlocutors have recommended that the State
Government should formulate a policy for the return of nearly five
lakh Kashmiri Pandit refugees to the Valley. They were subjected
to ethnic cleansing in 1990 and have been living as refugees. In
the absence of any concrete proposal for their return, this
recommendation is only a pious hope.
Regional Councils have been recommended for Jammu,
Srinagar and Ladakh as part of devolution of power. However,
no recommendation has been made to remove the blatant
imbalance in the State Assembly. Jammu with a bigger electorate
has nine seats less than Srinagar in the Assembly. Thus, the Regional
Council does not fully meet the aspirations of the people of Jammu.
The interlocutors have recommended improved rehabilitation
package for the widows and orphans of terrorists killed in
encounter with security forces. Pakistan has been reportedly
providing funds for them. Such generosity towards terrorists is
not extended anywhere in the world or elsewhere in India.
The interlocutors maintain that they have avoided "the pitfalls
of the myriad issues bedeviling the State from the prism of any
one region or ethnic or religious community." The facts brought
out and others not mentioned due to lack of space, belie this claim.
The report has a marked tilt towards the Valley. It has been
rejected by all stakeholders including those whom it seeks to
pamper. The report needs to be thrown into the dustbin of history.
(The author is a former Governor of Jammu & Kashmir
and Assam. He was also a former Vice Chief of Army Staff)
Courtesy: The Pioneer
20

Turning the clock back

By Sandhya Jain

he interlocutors' report on Jammu & Kashmir offers some

very dangerous recommendations. If implemented, they
will worsen the situation in the State.
By suddenly inviting debate on the interlocutors' report on
Jammu & Kashmir, especially on its startling suggestion to restore
the State's pre-1953 status, the Congress has virtually disowned
the actions of its longest-serving Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru,
thus diminishing the legitimacy and stature of the political dynasty
descended from him. Some experts have added fuel to fire by
urging implementation of the report even though Parliament, political
parties and the people have not yet studied it in depth.
Restoration of the pre-1953 status means a return to the
stressful relationship between New Delhi and Srinagar that
culminated in the arrest of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah on charges
of conspiracy against the Indian state in August 1953. Since the
Jammu & Kashmir Constitution came into effect only on January
26, 1957, a pre-1953 status would return the State to a lawless
limbo in which its 'Prime Minister' can choose freedom from Article
1 of the Indian Constitution which names the States and Union
Territories that shall be part of the First Schedule.
Sheikh Abdullah's slipperiness in committing to the Indian
Union after endorsing the accession by Maharaja Hari Singh and
persistent flirtation with the idea of an independent nation had
forced the Centre to replace him with Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad.
21

But Nehru failed to take the logical step of fully integrating the
State with the Indian Union.
Nehru's successors and protgs have long scuttled attempts
at public scrutiny of these mistakes. But time has eroded their
power and many facts are entering the public domain. SP Bakshi,
Chief Education Officer of the State Armed Forces and a member
of the Maharaja's Durbar, published his reminiscences of the 194748 war before he passed away some weeks ago, just short of his
99th birthday.
Though brief, The Inside Story of Jammu & Kashmir State
(Knowledge World, Delhi, 2012) is a fascinating narrative of that
troubled time. Bakshi, for the first time, brings on record the fact
that a Rasputin-like sadhu known as 'Mahantji' played a crucial
role in delaying the accession to India by giving the Maharaja
delusions of grandeur and telling him of his visions of the State's
flag flying from Lahore fort and beyond, thus causing immense
suffering to the people.
Bakshi's most sensational disclosure concerns New Delhi's
cavalier disregard of Major Onkar Singh Kalkat's direct warning
about an impending attack, an episode that deserves detailed
exposure, with the guilty named. As part of its plans, Pakistan
suddenly imposed an economic blockade upon Jammu & Kashmir,
causing grave hardship to the people. This should have rung alarm
bells in New Delhi as all supplies of arms and ammunitions to the
State were also cut off, with all ordnance depots being in Pakistan.
The overall action seems to have been supervised by General
Frank Messervy, the British chief of the Pakistan Army, though
the main planning was done by Major General Akbar Khan who
recruited 60,000 soldiers demobilised from the Poonch area after
World War II, former INA soldiers and tribals who were lured
with the promise of loot and plunder. Orders were issued through
letters marked 'Personal/Top Secret' and signed by the British
Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army within days of the
creation of Pakistan. In other words, it was a Raj conspiracy!
At that time, Kalkat was serving as Brigade Major at Bannu
22

Frontier Brigade Group under Brigadier CP Murray, who was

away at Mural outpost on August 20, 1947. On the Brigadier's
behalf, Kalkat received and opened an envelope marked 'Personal/
Top Secret' and found within a detailed plan of Operation Gulmarg.
He hastily called Brigadier Murray, who told him not to breathe a
word to anyone or he (Kalkat) would not be allowed to leave
Pakistan alive. Perhaps the Brigadier alerted the Pakistani
authorities anyway, for Kalkat was placed under house arrest. He
made a daring escape and reached Ambala on October 18, 1947,
and took a goods train to New Delhi.
The next day, he met senior officers of the Indian Army and
told them of the Pakistani plan to launch Operation Gulmarg. But
they dismissed his claims, for reasons that deserve to be made
public. The identities of the officers concerned too should be made
known. It is inconceivable that this news would not have been
made known to Governor General Louis Mountbatten, Prime
Minister Nehru, and the then Defence and Home Ministers. Nothing
is known of their reactions then, or later.
Yet, in this context, we must question the unwarranted delay
in sending troops to relieve the besieged State once the invasion
began, on the pretext of first getting the Instrument of Accession
signed by the Maharaja and the Governor General. Why did Lord
Mountbatten insist on the loss of a valuable day? Why were Nehru
and even Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel so much in thrall of Mountbatten
that they couldn't challenge his dubious advice that cost the nation
so dearly? Though, Patel at least realised that going to the UN
Security Council would be ruinous to India.
The UN helped to deprive India of the northern territory of
Gilgit, necessary for the British to oversee Russia. Britain had
leased Gilgit from the Maharaja and built an all-weather airfield
and roads between Gilgit Agency and the North-West Frontier
Province. Indeed, Gilgit was integrated with NWFP and run from
Peshawar. When Gilgit was returned in August 1947, Rao Bahadur
Brigadier Gansara Singh, General Staff Officer of Jammu &
Kashmir State Forces, was appointed Governor. On midnight,
23

October 31, 1947, Major Brown of the Gilgit Scouts surrounded

the Governor's house and arrested Singh; the Gilgit Government
was handed over to Pakistan a few days later.
Bakshi speaks eloquently of the personal valour of Brigadier
Rajinder Singh, Chief of Staff of the Jammu & Kashmir State
Forces, who sacrificed his life to save the Srinagar Valley by
blowing up the vital Uri bridge and delaying the raiders by a crucial
48 hours. The Mahavir Chakra that the Government awarded
him posthumously is still perceived by many as a niggardly gesture.
Through vivid snapshots, Bakshi unveils the enormous sacrifices
made by the officers and men of the Jammu & Kashmir State
Forces, which made them the only force from a Princely State to
be absorbed en bloc into the Indian Army as a separate unit, the
Regiment of the Jammu & Kashmir Rifles.
A major triumph of this war was Major General Timmy
Thimayya's audacious feat of scaling the inhospitable Zojila Pass
with Stuart tanks, the highest recorded use of tanks in battle
anywhere in the world - at 11,000 ft.
(Courtesy:The Pioneer)

24

Report fit for the dustbin

By Joginder Singh

he UPA blundered gravely by outsourcing its responsibility

on Jammu and Kashmir to a bunch of interlocutors. Now
it must reject the panel's findings.
Instead of doing its job, the Government of India has found
novel ways to dodge its responsibilities by setting up commissions,
committees and now interlocutors. The interlocutors have been
appointed to initiate dialogue with disgruntled individuals and
groups. This privilege of having interlocutors to look into one's
demands is not extended to peace-loving citizens' groups but to
the separatists in Kashmir, the Maoists and anybody else who
can exert pressure on the Government through brute force.
Out of the three interlocutors assigned to Kashmir, two of
them have been guests of the infamous ISI frontman Ghulam Nabi
Fai, who is now a convicted felon in the US. Once the fact of
Fai's criminal background became public, it was the moral, though
not legal, duty of the two interlocutors to disassociate themselves
from any dialogue on behalf of the Government. But that has not
been the case. In fact, it is surprising that even the Government,
instead of giving them the boot, has kept quiet about the entire
situation. There is an old saying: "God save me from my friends;
my enemies, I can tackle myself."
The appointment of interlocutors was, in the first place, a sign
25

of gross weakness on the part of the Government. Even when

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh visited Srinagar, the terrorists
declared a bandh. Furthermore despite Mr Singh's open invitation,
nobody came to meet him. The same happened with the
interlocutors.
In fact, one of the interlocutors even admitted that no terrorist,
separatist or Pakistani representative met them. On the refusal of
the separatists to talk to the panel, the interlocutors only said that
they had taken into account the "stated public positions" of these
groups. And it was these that were reflected in their report. The
interlocutors also added that, if the separatists had engaged with
them, the report would certainly have been far more worthwhile.
"The fact of the matter is that we tried again and again to engage
them and again and again they refused", they said.
Obviously, what the interlocutors have gone by are reports in
the Kashmiri Press, which is already under attack from the terrorists
, and so it does not to present any point of view except that of the
separatists. Their reports have zero credibility. They also do not
take into consideration the opinions of the rest of the State of
Jammu and Kashmir.
It is shocking that the interlocutors' report does not talk about
the views of the people in Jammu and Leh area, for instance,
except in passing. It also does not mention the many innocent
people and security personnel killed in the State and the repeated
border intrusions from Pakistan.The report indicates almost that
human rights are available only to the separatists but not to the
defenders of the country and the common citizen in Jammu and
Kashmir.
The report is only the first step towards playing into the hands
of separatists forces, be they in Kashmir or in the North-east or in
Maoist-infested areas. The report wants the Government to
reconsider the deployment of security forces, re-evaluate the need
for special powers for the Army in that State and improve the
human rights situation.
But it is in the name of human rights that the terrorists in
26

Kashmir Valley have been killing security personnel and other

innocent civilians who do not support them. Also, this is exactly
what the Maoists are doing.
No member of any security force in India has any enmity with
any separatist or Maoist group. What these individuals are doing
is as per the orders of the Government and in the interest of the
unity and integrity of the country. But I am yet to see any committee
appointed by the Government to deal with anti-national elements
utter a word of praise for the work done by security personnel be it the Army, the paramilitary forces or even the police. Instead,
the security personnel just become the 'fall guys' to be treated as
gun fodder by the terrorists.
The other recommendation made by the interlocutors is to
review the laws applicable to Jammu and Kashmir since 1953.
On the one hand, the country talks of secularism and on the other,
it is the writ of the Islamists that prevails in Kashmir, where all
cinemas, beauty parlours and entertainments have been banned.
The appointment of the interlocutors has been a big joke on
the country, as one of them said openly that she would suggest
amendments to the Constitution to accommodate "a discussion
on the azadi option for Jammu and Kashmir".
Another interlocutor acknowledged differences in the views
of the people of Jammu & Kashmir's different regions. If twothirds of the people of the State reject what is in the report, then
what is the rationale of even discussing it? Alienation of the terrorists
and separatists is of no concern to the country. The report has not
talked about the 3.70 lakh Hindus and Sikhs expelled from
Kashmir and the seizure of their property in the Valley.
The interlocutors have failed to acknowledge that the only
thing which stands between anarchy and order in that State is the
presence of the Armed Forces.
Like everything else and every problem in the country, whether
it is Maoist violence or the backlog in court cases, the Government
has got into the habit of imitating the pigeon that closes its eyes,
hoping that the cat would not see it and attack it. Consequently, a
27

handful of terrorists have taken the Government for a ride.

But for the Union Government's largesse, Jammu & Kashmir
would not have been able to pay salary to its employees, forget
about earmark money for development. This is a truth universally
accepted. He who pays the piper plays the tune, after all.
The average Kashmiri, whether a Hindu, a Muslim or a Sikh,
wants to lead a peaceful life. He is not interested either in the
Government or the terrorists or the separatists. In the interest of
peace, he either keeps quiet or sides with the more powerful of
the parties, which in the present condition is certainly not the
Government.
Sheikh Abdullah was incarcerated for nearly a decade for
having made what many considered to be divisive comments. But
the Government of the day has no such courage to deal with
separatists firmly. The entire country is praying for the upliftment
of Kashmir. Hence, there is no rationale to retain Article 370. The
meaningless and irrational report of the interlocutors should be
rejected straightaway and consigned to where it rightly belongs the dustbin of history.
(Courtesy: The Pioneer)

28

J&K Interlocutors' Report :

Unconstitutional ploy
to destabilize India
By Bhim Singh

"The interlocutors have heavily pleaded for making Article

370 a permanent feature of the Indian Constitution; least realizing
that Article 370 was a temporary provision as intended by Dr.
Ambedkar. Making this provision as permanent is tantamount to
the virtual secession of J&K from India. This would mean that the
Parliament of India shall have no control over the affairs of J&K
and the constitutional status of J&K shall revert back to the pre1947 arrangement. This could lead to a civil war in the state." Prof. Bhim Singh
The criminal silence of the Congress leadership on the highly
provocative and vicious 179-page report of three interlocutors
submitted to Union Home Minister P. Chidambaram in October
2011 is an alarming signal vis--vis the future constitutional
relationship of Jammu & Kashmir with the rest of the country. The
appointment of three faithful musketeers on such a sensitive situation
smacks of a connivance of the Union Home Ministry with the
ruling National Conference to destabilize the Indian Union and
create confusion regarding the constitutional relationship between
the State and the Union of India with an ulterior motive to please
the Anglo-American Bloc. The silence of the Congress leadership
on the Interlocutors' report is questionable and amounts to
acceptance.
The report calls for the revision of all Central Laws extended
29

to J&K after 1952. In other words, Central Laws which were

introduced by the legislature of J&K after the dismissal of Sheikh
Mohd Abdullah in 1953. These laws or legislations include the
authority of the Supreme Court of India, the control of Comptroller
General of India, the promulgation of the fundamental rights as
incorporated in Chapter III of the Constitution of India as well as
the supervision of the Chief Election Commission of India.
A revision of these legislations means revising the existing
constitutional relationship of the State with the rest of the country.
This recommendation is totally violative of the mandate of the
Constitution of India as also the mandate of the Constitution of
J&K.
Moreover, after having signed Indira-Sheikh Accord (as this
understanding between the two leaders is called) in 1975, this
issue was closed once for and for all. Sheikh Abdullah's successor
to the post of chief minister has no right to demand revision of the
existing State-Centre relationship. The report of the interlocutors
amounts to challenging the credibility as well as the validity of the
Indira-Sheikh Accord. Sheikh Mohd. Abdullah in 1981 had firmly
shut this chapter himself after the two reports prepared by two
different committees headed by his cabinet colleagues had
suggested closure of the issue for good.
The interlocutors have heavily pleaded for making Article 370
a permanent feature of the Indian Constitution; least realizing that
Article 370 was a temporary provision as intended by Dr.
Ambedkar. Making this provision as permanent is tantamount to
the virtual secession of J&K from India. This would mean that the
Parliament of India shall have no control over the affairs of J&K
and the constitutional status of J&K shall revert back to the pre1947 arrangement. This could lead to a civil war in the state. This
report falls within the meaning and scope of Section 120, 121 etc.
of the Indian Penal Code as it pleads for secession of the State.
The interlocutors have deliberately chosen to avoid the most
important issues relating to about 85,000 Pakistani refugees who
were settled in J&K in 1947/48 by the then administrator
30

appointed by the Maharaja Hari Singh, namely Sheikh Mohd

Abdullah. They have been living in J&K as persona non-grata
without any civil or political rights. The report has completely
rejected the issue of nearly 1.5 million refugees of POK who have
been living as migrants in Jammu region since 1947.
The report has completely ignored the political issue relating
to Delimitation of Assembly Constituencies which has affected
largely Jammu Pradesh, where seven Assembly constituencies stand
reserved for the SC category. If Delimitation is barred, all the
reserved seats in Jammu Pradesh shall remain un-rotated for 40
years. This may give rise to another cause of civil conflict.
The interlocutors have completely ignored the findings of State
Finance Commission headed by Dr. Mehmood Rehman which
had suggested equity proposition to remove discrimination with
Jammu Pradesh and Ladakh regions.
The interlocutors have deliberately ignored the popular will of
the people of J&K that stand for frequent movement of residents
of the two sides of the state i.e. between the residents of POK
and J&K. The notables from both sides of J&K, who met in
2005 and again in 2007 in Intra J&K 'Heart to Heart' Meet in
New Delhi, had conveyed to India as well as to Pakistan that
movement across the Line of Control should be made feasible
and possible for the passport holders of the respective countries.
It should be made easy without visa requirement. This is the need
of the hour and in the interests of lasting peace between India and
Pakistan.
What needs to be done is that India and Pakistan should
continue dialogue. A constructive and positive result is possible
only when Pakistan is represented by a democratically elected
government. Stability and return of democracy is essential to make
the peace initiative a success.
J&K should be reorganized within the meaning and scope of
Article 2, 3 read with the provisions of Article 370 of Constitution
of India. Article 370 should be amended so as to empower the
Parliament of India to legislate on matters falling within the scope
31

of the Union List vis--vis J&K. This shall remove all doubts about
the constitutional relationship of J&K with the rest of the country.
The Kashmiri leadership has always been hostile to the Treaty
of Amritsar 1846, signed between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the
East India Company, which established the State of J&K and
included Ladakh and Gilgit regions. All the three regions of J&K,
namely, Ladakh, Kashmir and Jammu Pradesh, have independent
and distinguished cultural, linguistic as well as geographical
identities. This is an era of upholding the identity or identities of
the people or a region or State.
The three identities can survive in harmony and peace provided
each one is recognized on the basis of its cultural, linguistic and
geographical identity. Jammu Pradesh has multiple of social and
political problems which include permanent rehabilitation and
settlement of the migrants and refugees from Pakistan and POK.
Jammu Pradesh has remained ignored in the field of development,
education, agriculture, and otherwise. Ladakh has suffered on all
counts of development and communication. The three units shall
survive strengthening the bonds of national integration the day they
are treated as equals. The interlocutors report is fit for the dustbin
and should remain there forever. Let the Central leadership decide
what needs to be done. - Vijayvaani, 20 June 2012
" The author is chairman, National Panthers Party; Senior
Advocate, Supreme Court of India; and member, National
Integration Council.
(Courtesy:Vijayvaani)

32

J&K Interlocutors'
Report is a comedy of errors By Arvind Lavakare

ith news the other day that-Radha Kumar had resigned

from the J. &.K. Interlocutors' Panel in protest against
a colleague's that she had participated in a seminar on
the Kashmir issue organized by a person limked to Pakistan, and
the same charge happening six weeks ago against Dileep
Padgaonkar, the Panel chief, doubts exist whether the Panel's
Report had been prepared under conflicting perceptions. And with
the chairman saying, in the heat of the resignation moment, that
the Panel had met 600 delegations (as against "more than 700" as
stated in the very first sentence of its published Report) one wonders
whether due diligence was exercised in the Report's compilation
itself.
As it is, the Report, made public in May-end, got flak from
being "an unimaginative job" to "Nothing but a sleight of hand."
Because the "Interlocutors" were specially chosen to articulate a
solution for the "K" problem, one could not believe that they had
produced a 176-page document of that kind, especially after
interacting with several thousands of people in 22 districts of that
ever-grumbling Indian state.
Clearly, a detailed reading of the Report was warranted.
Going through that exercise, one was repeatedly haunted by
the crucial recommendations below in the Report's first few pages.
33

(i) A Constitutional Committee(CC) comprising constitutional

experts must review all Central Acts and Articles of the
Constitution of India extended to the State after the 1952
Agreement and make recommendations as to the types of
powers required by J&K. State to rise from the ashes so to
say.
(ii) The CC must bear in mind that J&K. enjoys a special status
enshrined in Article 370 of the Indian Constitution of India
and the people of J&K are both State subjects and Indian
citizens.
(iii) It says the CC's recommendations must be acceptable to the
State Assemblies and Parliament. The next step would be for
the President, under powers conferred by Clause (1) and (3)
of Article 370, to issue an Order incorporating the CC's
recommendations. The order will need to be ratified by a Bill
in both Houses of Parliament, and by each House of the State
Legislature. It will then be presented to the President for assent.
(iv) Once the (above) process is over, Clauses (1) and (3) of
Article 370 shall cease to be operative.
(v) Next, delete the word 'Temporary' from the heading of Article
370 and replace it with the word 'Special' as it has been used
for(some) other States under the genus of Article 371
The respective x-ray of each of the above recommendations
reveals that
(i) "Constitutional experts" are not the species to ascertain the
powers needed for good governance of a State. Those are
known only to seasoned politicians with a sense of dedicated
service to people.
(ii) The words special status just do not appear in the 425-word
text of Article 370!! And there are, not two, but three kinds of
people in J&K (i) Those called "State Subjects" long before
the J&K State Constitution came into being in November
1956 are now those who enjoy some exclusive benefits as
"Permanent Residents" defined in Section 6 of that Constitution
(ii) Those who are Indian citizens but not "Permanent Residents"
34

and are, therefore, eligible to contest and vote for India's

Parliamentary elections but not, under Section 140 of the State
Constitution, for the State Assembly polls (iii) Those 12 to 15
lakhs of persons displaced from Pakistan after the 1947
Partition and are neither Indian citizens nor "Permanent
Residents" even today.
(iii) The Interlocutors have equated a Presidential Order under
Article 370 with a Presidential Ordinance under Article 123.
It is only the latter which has to go to Parliament for ratification.
Further, a Presidential Order under Article 370 applies a
Parliamentary law or a Constitutional amendment to J&K; it
does not first create new such applications to J&K. and
thereafter go to Parliament for approval.. In other words, the
President of India is not expected to affix his signature first to
a draft order for approval and then affix it a second time after
its approval.
(iv) Because Clause (2) of Article 370 relates to the moribund J.
& K. Constituent Assembly, not only clauses (1) and (3) cease
to be operative as programmed by the Interlocutors, but the
entire Article 370 will go.
(v) Creation of a Permanent Special Article 371 for J&K. will
mean the freezing of future laws and constitutional amendments
being applied to J&K. excepting through a Constitutional
Amendment Act whereas the 370 route is relatively simple .
Bluntly stated, the laymen Interlocutors have shown ignorance,
and entered territory which even constitutional pandit tread with
caution. Hence, their Report as a whole could well be attributed
to the three blokes in Aamir Khan's famous film..
Courtesy: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2012/07/jinterlocutors-report-is-comedy-of.html

35

Faultlines in J&K
interlocutors' report
By Saswat Panigrahi

he much awaited report by a three-member interlocutors'

panel on Jammu and Kashmir - appointed by the Union
Home Ministry - is out in the public domain. The report
titled 'A New Compact with the People of Jammu and Kashmir'
claims to have suggested a "roadmap" to address the vexed
Kashmir issue.
The interlocutors' panel - journalist Dilip Padgaonkar, academic
Radha Kumar and former civil servant MM Ansari - in its 176page-long report has recommended reviewing of all central Acts
and Articles of Indian Constitution, extended to Jammu and
Kashmir after the 1952 Delhi agreement. This has once again
brought the complex web of Kashmir issue to the fore.
Before commenting on the interlocutors' report, let us flip
through the pages of history.
Jammu and Kashmir was a princely state, which was acceded
to India by the virtue of a constitutional document called Instrument
of Accession under the Indian Independence Act, 1947.
Maharaja Hari Singh, then supreme ruler of Jammu and
Kashmir and the sole designated authority of the state signed the
Instrument of Succession on October 26, 1947.
It reads, "I Sri Hari Singh, ruler of Jammu and Kashmir state
in the exercise of my sovereignty in and over my said state do
hereby execute this my Instrument of Accession....The terms of
this Instrument of Accession shall not be varied by any amendment
36

of the Act or of Indian Independence Act, 1947...I hereby declare

that I execute this instrument on behalf of the state and that any
reference in this instrument to me or the ruler of the state is to be
considered as including reference to my heirs and successors."
The Instrument of Accession made it clear that there was no
dispute in acceding Jammu and Kashmir into India. But, historic
blunders were committed by the then interim government.
Though the format of Instrument of Accession applied to
Jammu and Kashmir was the same as was executed for other
princely states, then interim Indian government led by Jawaharlal
Nehru agreed that "final decision" with regard to the accession
would be ratified by the Constituent Assembly of Jammu &
Kashmir. In the intervening period "a temporary provision" was
made in the Constitution of India.
Article 370 was created in the Indian Constitution to give a
"special status" to Jammu and Kashmir. As per that status, except
for three subjects - Defence, Foreign Affairs and Communications
- the Centre needs the concurrence of Jammu and Kashmir govt
to apply all other laws.
Separate constitution and separate flag for Jammu and Kashmir
are the by-products of Article 370. The article which was
introduced in the Indian Constitution as a "temporary statute" has
become a permanent problem. It stands as a stumbling block
between Jammu and Kashmir and the rest of India. The article
gave birth to the idea of autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir.
The interlocutors' report advocates further strengthening of
Article 370 to ensure "meaningful autonomy" for the state. It
suggests upgrading the article from a "temporary provision" to a
"special provision".
I see a glaring blunder in the report - it weakens India's position
on Kashmir by repeatedly referring to Pakistan-occupied Kashmir
(PoK) as Pakistan-administered Kashmir (PaK).
It may be recalled that soon after the division of India, newly
formed Pakistan intruded into Kashmir and illegally occupied a
large stretch of area - known as Pakistan Occupied Kashmir
37

(PoK). PoK belongs to the state of Jammu and Kashmir and as

per the Instrument of Succession it is very much a part of India.
The 1994 resolution of the Indian Parliament acknowledges PoK
as an integral part of India. However, the interlocutors failed to
recognise these historic realities.
The report also offers no solution to the ongoing insurgency
in J&K. Instead, it suggests a dilution of anti-terrorism steps.
The report recommends a review of Armed Forces Special
Powers Act (AFSPA) imposed in Kashmir. It suggests amending
the Public Safety Act (PSA). Both the acts give sweeping powers
to the armed forces for ensuring security and fighting the terrorists.
In addition, the interlocutors' report advocates decreasing the
presence of security forces from the state.
They have gone on to suggest the recreating of the offices of
"Wazir-e-Azam"(Prime Minister of the Province) and "Sadar-eRiyasat (President of the Province)" in place of Chief Minister
and Governor respectively, something which will be unacceptable
to most people in India.
The report is, thus, filled with controversial fault lines. Besides,
the interlocutors have abysmally failed to offer any solution to the
vexed Kashmir issue - the very purpose for which it was set up.

38

tEew&d'ehj okrkZdkj fjiksVZ dk vafre frosnu

tEew vkSj d'ehj dh turk

ds lkFk ,d u;k le>kSrk
lnL;& jkkk dqekj] ,e-,e-valkjh] fnyhi iMxkodj] v;{k

dk;Zlkkd lkjka'k
bl frosnu dh lkexzh eq[;r% tEew vkSj d'ehj ds lc 22 ftyksa
esa 700 ls vfkd frfufke.Myksa vkSj rhu xksyest lEesyuksa esa lewgksa ds
lkFk okrkZ dk ifj.kke gSA geus 13 vDVwcj 2011 dks viuh fu;qf ds
ckn ;g lc dk;Z fd;kA frfufk e.Myksa esa jkT; vkSj LFkkuh; Lrj dh
jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa] ekuo vfkdkjksa dh j{kk esa yxs flfoy lkslk;Vh
lewgksa] fodkl vkSj lq'kklu ds dk;Z esa yxs la?kksa] Nk= laxBuksa] 'kSf{kd
cUkq&ckUkoksa] odhyksa ds la?kksa] i=dkjksa vkSj O;kikfj;ksa] O;kikj la?kksa]
etgch laLFkkvksa] fof'k"V tkfrxr lewgksa ds lkeqnkf;d laxBuksa] yM+kbZ
;k LFkkfud fgalk ds dkj.k vius ?kjksa ls mtM+s yksxksa] uo&fuokZfpr
iapk;r lnL;ksa] iqfyl ds mPp vfkdkfj;ksa] vkZlSU;cyksa vkSj lsuk dk
frfufkRo FkkA rhu xksyest lEesyuksa esa ftuesa ls nks Jhuxj esa vkSj ,d
tEew esa gqvk] ,d lkFk efgyk,a] i<+&
s fy[ks yksxLo;alos d vkSj lkaLd`frd
dk;ZdrkZ 'kkfey gq, tks jkT; ds rhuksa {ks=ksa vFkkZr~ tEew] d'ehj vkSj
yk[k ls lacafkr FksA
ftu rhu cM+h lHkkvksa esa ge 'kkfey gq, muesa dbZ gtkj
lkekU;&ukxfjd vk, vkSj mUgksaus vusd ekeyksa ij vius fopkj dV
fd,A blds lkFk&lkFk Jhuxj esa dsUh; dkjkxkj esa ge ng'krxnksZa vkSj
iRFkj ekjus okyksa ls Hkh feys vkSj ekuokfkdkjksa ds nq#i;ksx ds rFkkdfFkr
f'kdkj yksxksa ds ifjokjksa ls Hkh feysA bl frosnu esa tEew vkSj d'ehj
ls lacafkr O;kid lkfgR;] fo}kkiw.kZ v;;u vkSj i=dkjksa }kjk nh xbZ
39

fjiksVZ]as eq[;kkjk vkSj eq[;kkjk ls ckgj ds jktuhfrd laxBuksa }kjk tkjh

fd, x, os ys[k ftuesa jktuhfrd le>kSrk ds Lrko Fks] fpardksa dh
jpuk,a] fiNys dbZ n'kdksa ds nkSjku dsUh; ;k jkT; ljdkj }kjk LFkkfir
fofHkUu dk;Zdkjh lewgksa vkSj vk;ksxksa dh fjiksVsaZ] Hkkjr la?k esa tEew vkSj
d'ehj ds foy; ls yxkdj jktuhfrd lkafokkfud f;kdykiksa ls
lacafkr ljdkjh ys[k 'kkfey fd, x, gSaA
d'ehj ?kkVh esa orZeku mRihM+u dh xgjh Hkkouk dk iwjk ys[kk&tks[kk
ysdj geus jktuhfrd le>kSrk Lrkfor fd;k gSA fuf'pr :i ls bl
ij iwjh laons u'khyrk ls xkSj djus dh t:jr gSA blds lkFk&lkFk geus
fdlh ,d {ks= ;k ekuo tkrh; ;k kkfeZd leqnk; ds utfj, ls jkT;
dks lrkus okys vla[; ekeyksa dks ns[kus dh Qklksa ls cpus dh dksf'k'k
dh gSA
gekjs lkFk gqbZ okrkZvksa ls ;g irk pyk gS fd turk dh eku&e;kZnk
ls thou thus dh O;kid bPNk gSA fo'ks"kr% mUgksaus fuEufyf[kr bPNk,a
O; dh gSa:&
etgch vfrokn lacakh lc 'kf;ksa] ekuo tkrh; ;k {ks=h;
nqjkxzgksa vkSj cgqla[;koknh ml vgaHkko tks lkEnkf;d vkSj varj{ks=h;
HkkbZpkjs dks vLr&O;Lr djrk gS] bu lcls NqVdkjk
,d vikjn'khZ vkSj xSj&ftEesnkj 'kklu ls NqVdkjk]
mu vkfFkZd <kpks]a uhfr;ksa vkSj dk;Zeksa ls NqVdkjk] tks jkT; ds lc
Hkkxksa ds lexz vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj larqfyr mUufr dks c<+kus lacakh
;klksa dks detksj djrs gSaA
mu lc lkekftd <kpksa vkSj uhfr;ksa ls NqVdkjk tks oafpr lkekftd
lewgksa] vYila[;dksa vkSj efgykvksa dks gkfu igqpkrs gSaA
mu dBksj dkuwuksa ;k dBksjrk ls ykxw fd, tkus okys dkuwuksa vkSj
U;kf;d nsfj;ksa foyEc ls NqVdkjk ftuds dkj.k mfpr vlgefr okys
ekeys lqy> ugha ikrsA
ml vfHk=kl vkSj fgalk ls NqVdkjk ftlds dkj.k yksxksa dks vius
i;kZokl gSfcVSV NksM+us ij etcwj gksuk iM+rk gSA
lc leqnk;ksa dh etgch] Hkk"kk;h vkSj lkaL-frd vfLerk dks fey jgh
kefd;ksa ls NqVdkjk
pkj ek;eks]a i=dkjks]a lwpuk&vfkdkj dk;ZdrkZvks]a ukxfjd vfkdkjksa
40

ds fy, la?k"kZjr lewgksa vkSj lkaLd`frd laxBuksa ij cuk, tk jgs nckoksa

ls NqVdkjk
gekjk fo'okl gS fd fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa ij O;kid lgefr
fo|eku gS%&
lc i.kkkfj;ksa ftudk lc dqN nko ij yxk gS ftuesa os Hkh 'kkfey
gSa tks eq[;kkjk ds Hkkx ugha gSa] ds chp laokn ds }kjk tEew&d'ehj esa
jktuhfrd le>kSrk gksuk pkfg,A
yksdra= vkSj cgqyrkokn ds fr mudk leiZ.k vlafnXk gksuk
pkfg,A
Hkkjr la?k ds Hkhrj tEew vkSj d'ehj ,dy lkk ds :i esa cuk jguk
pkfg,A
jkT; dh vyx igpku dh xkjaVh nsus okyk vuqPNsn 370 cuk jguk
pkfg,A foxr n'kkfCn;ksa esa gq, blds {kj.k dk iqu% ewY;kadu fd;k tkuk
pkfg, rkfd blesa mu 'kf;ksa dk lekos'k gks tk, ftudh jkT; dks
vius rkSj ij yksxksa ds dY;k.k ds c<+kos ds fy, t:jr gSA
jkT; ds ukxfjd vkSj Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ds ukrs fiNys rukoksa ds fcuk
yksx vius yksdrkaf=d vfkdkjksa dk ;ksx dj ldsa vU;Fkk ikjn'khZ vkSj
ftEesnkj 'kklu lqfuf'pr ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj u gh Lokkhurk vkSj
lkaLd`frd igpku] lEeku vkSj R;sd O;f dh fr"Bk lqfuf'pr dh tk
ldrhA
tEew] d'ehj vkSj yk[k rhuksa {ks=ksa vkSj fofHkUu ekuo&tkrh; vkSj
etgch lewgksa] yM+kb;ksa ;k LFkkfud fgalk ds dkj.k vius ?kjksa ls cs?kj
gq, yksxksa ds mi {ks=ksa dh fHkUu&fHkUu vkdka{kkvkssa dh iwfrZ ds fr ;ku
fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
{ks=] ftyk] [k.M vkSj iapk;ruxj&ikfydk ifj"kn Lrj ij fuokZfpr
fudk;ksa dks fokh; vkSj 'kkldh; 'kf;ka nsdj l'k cuk, tkus dh
vko';drk gSA
jkT; dks vkfFkZd :i ls vkRefuHkZjrk nsus ds fy, dsU vkSj jkT; ds
chp ,d ubZ fokh; O;oLFkk dh vko';drk gSA blds fy, igkM+h] fiNM+s
vkSj nwjLFk {ks=ksa vkSj lkekftd :i ls oafpr lewgksa ds fy, fo'ks"k O;oLFkk
dh vko';drk gksxhA
fu;a=.k js[kk vkSj vUrjjk"Vh; lhek ds vkj&ikj turk] lktks&leku
41

vkSj lsokvksa dk ckkk&jfgr lapyu rRijrk ls lqfuf'pr fd;k tkuk

pkfg, ftlls vkilh fgr vkSj vko';drkvksa ds lc {ks=ksa esa iwoZ 'kkgh
jkT; ds nksuksa Hkkxksa ds chp laLFkkxr lg;ksx gks tk,A
;g vPNh rjg ls rHkh gks ldrk gS tc ml tEew vkSj d'ehj ds]
tks bl le; ikfdLrku ds fu;a=.k esa gS] fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa jkT;] {ks=]
mi{ks= Lrj ij yksdrkaf=d 'kklu ds laLFkku LFkkfir gks tk,aA
bl lgefr ds fuekZ.k ds fy, gekjh laLrqfr gS fd lu~ 1952 ds
le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj gksus ds ckn jkT; esa ykxw gq, Hkkjrh; lafokku ds
vuqPNsnksa vkSj lc dsUh; vfkfu;eksa dh leh{kk ds fy, lkafokkfud
lfefr cukbZ tk,A blds kku ,sls frf"Br O;f gksus pkfg, ftUgsa
tEew vkSj d'ehj ds yksxksa vkSj lai.w kZ Hkkjr ds yksxksa dk fo'okl kIr gksA
blds lnL;ksa esa ,sls lkafokkfud fo'ks"kK gksus pkfg, ftUgsa lc eq[k
i.kkkfj;ksa dk fo'okl lqyHk gksA blds fu"d"kZ tks N% eghus ds Hkhrj
kIr gksus gSa] mu lHkh ij cakudkjh gksaxsA
lkafokkfud lfefr dks gekjs }kjk Lrkfor fuEufyf[kr vkkkj ij
leh{kk djus dk vfHkns'k esUMsV fn;k tk,xkA
bls ml lfefr dks tEew vkSj d'ehj ds nksgjs pfj= dks ;ku esa
j[kuk gksxk vFkkZr~ ;g Hkkjr la?k dh ,d ?kVd bZdkbZ gS vkSj bls Hkkjr
ds lafokku ds vuqPNsn 370 esa mfYyf[kr m la?k esa fo'ks"k ntkZ kIr
gS vkSj jkT; ds yksxksa dh Hkh nksgjh fLFkfr gS vFkkZr~ os jkT; vkSj Hkkjr
nksuksa ds ukxfjd gSaA blfy, bl leh{kk ls ;g fukkZj.k djuk gksxk fd
D;k vkSj fdl gn rd mu dsUh; vfkfu;eksa vkSj Hkkjr ds lafokku ds
vuqPNsnksa us tks jkT; ij la'kksku lfgr ;k la'kksku ds fcuk ykxw fd,
x, gS]a tEew vkSj d'ehj dh fo'ks"k fLFkfr ij frdwy Hkko Mkyk gS vkSj
jkT; dh turk dk dY;k.k djus okyh ljdkj dh 'kf;ksa dks NksVk
fd;k gSA lkafokkfud lfefr dks Hkfo";ksUeq[kh gksuk pkfg, vFkkZr~ bls
iw.kZr;k jkT; dh 'kf;ksa ds vkkkj ij leh{kk djuh pkfg, ftudh
vko';drk jkT; dks tEew&d'ehj vkSj yk[k rhuksa {ks=ksa vkSj blds
mi{ks=ksa ds yksxksa vkSj leqnk;ksa dh vkdka{kkvksa] f'kdk;rksa] vko';drkvksa]
jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd fgrksa ls fucVus ds fy,
t:jr gSA bl lacak esa lfefr dks ;g crkuk iM+sxk fd rhuksa {ks=ksa ds
'kklu ds lc Lrjksa ;kfu {ks=h;] ftyk] iapk;ruxj&ikfydk ifj"kn dks
jkT; ljdkj dh rjQ ls fdl ek=k esa fokk;h] fokh; vkSj 'kkldh;
42

'kf;ka nh tkuh pkfg,A

lkafokkfud lfefr dh flQkfj'ksa vke lgefr }kjk dh tkuh pkfg,
ftlls fd os jkT; dh fokku lHkk vkSj laln esa frfufkRo kIr lc
i.kkkfj;ksa dks Lohdk;Z gksAa vxyk dne jk"Vifr th dks mBkuk gksxk tks
lafokku ds vuqPNsn 370 ds [k.M 1 vkSj 3 }kjk nk 'kf;ksa dk
bLrseky djds lkafokkfud lfefr dh flQkfj'kksa dk lekos'k djrs gq,
,d vkns'k tkjh djds fd;k tk,xkA bl vkns'k dh vfHkiqf"V laln ds
nksuksa lnuksa esa ,d foks;d Lrqr djds dh tk,xh vkSj lkFk&lkFk jkT;
fokku e.My ds nksuksa lnuksa esa R;sd lnu esa ernku djk ds mifLFkr
dqy lnL;ksa ds nks frgkbZ cgqer ds }kjk vfHkiqf"V djkuh vko';d gksxhA
blds ckn bls jk"Vifr th dh Loh-fr ds fy, Lrqr fd;k tk,xkA
bl f;kfofk ds iwjk gksus ij vuqPNsn 370 ds [k.M 1 vkSj 3
f;k'khy ugha jgsaxs vkSj blds ckn vafre vkns'k dh rkjh[k ls m
[k.Mksa ds vkhu jk"Vifr th ds }kjk dksbZ Hkh vkns'k tkjh ugha fd;k
tk,xkA
lkafokkfud lfefr ds dk;Z dks lqfokktud cukus ds fy, ge vius
lq>ko uhps lwphc) dj jgs gSa:&
ge tEew vkSj d'ehj ds lkFk ,d u;k le>kSrk pkgrs gSaA blesa
O;kid rkSj ij jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lkaL-frd ekeys gksx
a As
jktuhfrd ?kVd% dsU jkT; lacak
gekjk fo'okl gS fd fiNys Ng n'kdksa esa jkT; ij ykxw fd, dsUh;
dkuwuksa ds cus jgus ls dksbZ tksjnkj vkifk;ka iSnk ugha gksuh pkfg,aA mUgsa
ml :i esa gh ns[kk tkuk pkfg, tSls os gS%a vgkfudj dkuwu tks jkT; dks
vkSj bldh turk dks ykHkn jgs gSa vkSj jkT; buds dkj.k vUrjjk"Vh;
ekudks]a ekin.Mksa vkSj fofu;eksa ds vuq:i cu ldk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,
vQhe] lekpkj&i= vkSj iqLrdksa dk iath;u]etnwjh dk Hkqxrku vkSj
chek lacakh dkuwuA
gekjk ;g fo'okl gS fd lkroha vuqlp
w h dh lwph IIi~ esa ls dqN fo"k;
jkT; dks varfjr dj fn, tk,a rks jk"Vh; fgrksa ij fo'ks"k frdwy Hkko
ugha iM+sxkA u, le>kSrs ds jktuhfrd ?kVdksa ds v;k; esa bl lacak esa
foLr`r lq>ko fn, x, gSaA oLrqr% tks Hkfo";&mUeq[kh ekxZ geus lq>k;k
gSA mlesa j.kuhfrd] jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj jkT; esa lkaLd`frd ifjorZu]
43

lai.w kZ Hkkjr es]a nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks= esa vkSj oS'ohdj.k ds QyLo:i mlds
vkxs gksus okys ifjorZuksa ij iwjk ;ku j[kk tkuk gSA bl ifjs{; esa Hkkjr
ds lafokku ds mu vuqPNsnksa ij tks jkT; dks ykxw fd, x, gSa Rofjr
le>kSrk dj ysus esa i.kkkfj;ksa dks lqxerk gksxhA
fookn ds dqN ekeyksa esa gekjh flQkfj'ksa fuEufyf[kr gSa%&
lafokku ds vuqPNsn 370 ds 'kh"kZd vkSj Hkkx XXI ds 'kh"kZd ls
^vLFkk;h* 'kCn gVkukA blds ctk, vuqPNsn 371 egkjk"V vkSj xqtjkr]
vuqPNsn 371&, ukxkyS.M] vuqPNsn 371&ch vle] vuqPNsn371&lh
ef.kiqj] vuqPNsn 371&Mh vkSj bZ vkUkz ns'k] vuqPNsn 371&,Q
flfDde] vuqPNsn 371&th fetksje] vuqPNsn 371&,p v#.kkpy
ns'k] vuqPNsn 371&vkbZ xksok ds vkhu vU; jkT;ksa dh rtZ ij ^fo'ks"k*
'kCn j[kk tk,A
jkT;iky ds p;u ds fy, jkT; ljdkj foi{kh ikfVZ;ksa ls ijke'kZ
djds jk"Vifr dks rhu uke HkstsxhA vko';d gksus ij jk"Vifr vfkd
lq>ko ekx ldrs gSAa jkT;iky dh fu;qf jk"Vifr }kjk dh tk,xh vkSj
og jk"Vifr th dh d`ik ls inkkj.k djsxkA
vuqPNsn 356% orZeku esa jkT;iky dh dkjZokbZ dks mPpre U;k;ky;
esa pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA orZeku O;oLFkk bl ijUrqd ds lkFk tkjh jg
ldrh gS fd jkT;iky jkT; fokkue.My dks fuyfEcr voLFkk esa j[ksxk
vkSj rhu eghus ds Hkhrj u, pquko djk,xkA
vuqPNsn 312% vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsokvksa ls fy, tk jgs vfkdkfj;ksa dk
vuqikr khjs&khjs de fd;k tk,xk vkSj 'kklfud n{krk esa #dkoV fcuk
jkT; dh flfoy lsok ls fy, tkus okys vfkdkfj;ksa dh la[;k c<+kbZ
tk,xhA
vaxt
sz h esa xouZj vkSj eq[;ea=h ds uke tSls vkt gSa oSls gh jgsx
a As mnwZ
;ksx ds nkSjku mnwZ i;kZ;okph 'kCn bLrseky fd, tk ldrs gSaA
rhu {ks=h; ifj"knsa cukuk] tEew] d'ehj vkSj yk[k ds fy, vyx&vyx
yk[k vkxs ls d'ehj dk ,d e.My ugha jgsxkA mUgsa dqN fokk;h]
dk;Zdkjh vkSj fokh; 'kf;ka nh tk,aA lexz iSdst ds Hkkx ds :i esa
iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dks jkT; ds Lrj ij] xzke iapk;r] uxj&ikfydk
ifj"kn ;k fuxe ds Lrj ij dk;Zdkjh vkSj fokh; 'kf;ka Hkh nsuh gksx
a hA
;s lc fudk; fuokZfpr gksx
a As efgykvks]a vuqlfw pr tkfrtutkfr] fiNM+s
44

oxksaZ vkSj vYila[;dksa ds frfufkRo ds fy, kokku gksaxsA Hkkx&Vi~

nsf[k,
fokk;d insu lnL; gksaxs] ftUgsa ernku dk vfkdkj gksxkA
laln jkT; ds fy, dksbZ dkuwu rc rd ugha cuk,xh tc rd bldk
lacak ns'k dh vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh lqj{kk ls vkSj blds egRoiw.kZ vkfFkZd
fgr] fo'ks"kr% tkZ vkSj ty lalkkuksa dh miyfCk ds ekeyksa ls u gksA
iwoZ 'kkgh fj;klr ds lc Hkkxksa esa ;s ifjoZru leku :i ls ykxw gksus
pkfg,A fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj lg;ksx ds fy, lc voljksa dks c<+kok
fn;k tkuk pkfg,A blds fy, ikfdLrku fu;af=r tEew vkSj d'ehj esa
i;kZIr lkafokkfud ifjorZu vko';d gksaxsA
nf{k.k vkSj e; ,f'k;k ds chp tEew vkSj d'ehj ,d lsrq cu tk,
blds fy, lc mfpr mik; djus gksaxsA
lkroha vuqlwphdh lwph i~ i~ esa ls os fo"k; tks jkT; fokku e.My
ls {ks=h; ifj"knksa dks varfjr fd, tk ldrs gSa] gekjh fjiksVZ esa foLrkj
esa fn, x, gSaA
jkT; fokku e.My dks pkfg, fd jkT; fokku e.My dks varfjr
lwph IIi~ ds fo"k;ksa esa ls {ks=h; ifj"knksa dks dqN fo"k; ns nsus ds ckjs esa
fopkj djsA xksj[kkyS.M ij gq, le>kSrs ds , vkSj ch Hkkxksa esa lwphc)
fo"k;ksa ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dks nh tkus okyh fokh; vkSj 'kkldh;
'kf;ka Hkkjr ds lafokku ds 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kkskuksa dh rtZ ij gksaxhA
ch&lkaLd`frd lhch,e fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;
jkT; ds rhuksa {ks=ksa ds iqu% ,dhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, uhps fy[ks
lkaL-frd dne mBk, tk,a%&
varj vkSj var% d'ehj laokn vkjaHk fd, tk,a] Nk=ks]a ys[kdks]a dykdkjksa
vkSj f'kYidkjksa dk vknku&nku 'kq# fd;k tk,] dykvksa ds fy, mfpr
ewyHkwr <kpk cuk;k tk,] cgq&lkaLd`frd ikBp;kZ fodflr dh tk,]
jkT; dh vusd Hkk"kkvksa esa vuqokn dh lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk dh tk,] jkT;
dh yksd&ijaijkvksa dks iqu% etcwr fd;k tk,] fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj
i;ZVu dks c<+kok fn;k tk, vkSj jkT; dh Hkk"kkvksa esa jsfM;ks vkSj Vhoh ds
dk;Ze vkjaHk fd, tk,aA
lh& vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd lhch,e fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik;
45

ljdkj &turk dh lk>snkjh ds vkkkj ij lkekftd&vkfFkZd

xfrfofk;ksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, vU; Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa ds loksZke rkSj
rjhds viuk, tk,a; m|ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=
cuk, tk,a ftudk foLrkj mkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa dh rtZ ij fokh; vkSj
vkfFkZd ksRlkgu nsdj fd;k tk,; d'ehjh gLrf'kYi dks c<+kok nsus ds
fy, vkd"kZd fu;kZr ksRlkgu fn, tk,a] ckxokuh m|ksx esa mRiknu vkSj
mRikndrk c<+kus ds fy, rduhdh vkSj fokh; lgk;rk dk foLrkj fd;k
tk,] jkT; dh ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj tSo fofokrk dk laj{k.k fd;k tk,]
lqj{kk cyksa ds vfkdkj esa tks vkS|ksfxdh laLFkkiu vkSj vU; Hkou gSa
mudks 'kh?kz [kkyh djk;k tk,] kd`frd lalkkuksa ds crkSj tks [kfut
vkSj inkFkZ gSa] muds nksgu dk v;;u fd;k tk,; vUrjjk"Vh; LFkkuksa
ls i;ZVdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, Jhuxj esa vUrjjk"Vh; gokbZ vs
dk lapkyu vkjaHk fd;k tk,; jkT; ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa dks tksMu+ s okys vkSj
lhekvksa ds vkj&ikj jsyykbuksa vkSj lM+dksa dh vkkkjHkwr <kapkxr
ifj;kstukvksa dks iwjk djus ds dke esa rsth ykbZ tk,] dsUh; {ks= esa
fctyh mRiknu dh ifj;kstukvksa dks jkT; dks ns fn;k tk,] igkM+h]
nwjLFk vkSj fiNM+s {ks=ksa dks fo'ks"k fodkl {ks= ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tk,A
,d lexz 'kSf{kd uhfr dk gksuk; LokLF; ;kstukvksa dk Hkkoh
dk;kZUo;u vkSj iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds ek;e ls egRoiw.kZ dk;Zeksa
dk dk;kZUo;u Hkh vko';d gSA
dk;Z;kstuk
bu jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLd`frd y{;ksa dh kfIr ds fy,
dk;Z;kstuk laokn f;kfofk dh fo'oluh;rk] eq[; lhch,e fo'okl
LFkkiu ds mik; ds dk;kZUo;u vkSj eq[k i.kkkfj;ksa ds chp lgefr ds
cuus ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
{ks= esa fLFkfr dk voyksdu djus ij vkSj fiNys 'kkafr;klksa ls kIr
lh[k ds vkkkj ij lqy>ko gsrq fo'oluh; laokn cukus esa uhps fy[ks
lhch,e fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik; lgk;d gksaxsA
, ekuo vfkdkjksa vkSj dkuwu ds 'kklu lacakh lqkkjksa esa xfr ykukA
blesa 'ks"k lc iRFkj ekjus okyksa vkSj jktuhfrd cafn;ksa dh
fjgkbZ 'kkfey gS] ftu ij xaHkhj vkjksi ugha gS]a ftUgksua s igyh ckj
vijkk fd;k gS ;k NksVs&eksVs vijkk djus okys gSa] muds fo#)
46

Fke lwpuk jiVksa dk okfil ysuk] mu vkradokfn;ksa dks {kek

djuk tks fgalk NksM+us dks rS;kj gkssa vkSj mudk iquokZl] fgalk ds
f'kdkj lc yksxksa dk iquokZl] lqj{kk cyksa dh jkT; ds Hkhrjh {ks=ksa
esa ls mifLFkfr de djuk] vkradokn dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy,
cus fofHkUu vfkfu;eksa ds dk;kZUo;u dh yxkrkj leh{kk vkSj
d'ehjh iafMrksa dh okilh lqfuf'pr djuk] blds lkFk&lkFk tEew
vkSj djfxy ls cs?kj gq, yksxksa dks muds ?kjksa esa okfil ykuk
ftlls os lqj{kk] lEeku vkSj e;kZnk dk thou O;rhr djsAa ikfdLrku
fu;af=r d'ehj ls vk, yksxksa dks i;kZIr eqvkotk nsuk vkSj mudks
jkT; ds ukxfjd ds rkSj ij ekU;rk nsukA
ch ih,l, yksd lqj{kk vfkfu;e dk la'kksku vkSj Mh , fMfLVC;wVM
s
,fj;k vkSj ,,Q,lih, l'kL= lsuk fo'ks"k vfkdkj vfkfu;e
dh leh{kk
lh iqfyl vkSj turk ds lacakksa esa lqkkj
Mh lqj{kk laLFkkiuksa ds QSyko dks dqN j.kuhfrd LFkkuksa rd ?kVkdj
vkSj rRdky dkjZokbZ ds fy, py&bdkb;ka cukdj ;qflaxr
cukuk
bZ kkuea=h ds dk;Z lewg dh tks fd fo'ks"kr% lhoh,e fo'okl
LFkkiu ds mik; ij Fkk] flQkfj'kksa dk Rofjr dk;kZUo;u
lc d'ehfj;ksa] eq[;r% iafMrksa fgUnw vYila[;d dh jkT; uhfr
ds Hkkx ds rkSj ij okilh lqfuf'pr djuk
jkT; esa fgalk ds nkSjku gqbZ fokokvksa vkSj vukFkksa ds fy, ftuesa
vkradokfn;ksa dh fokok,a vkSj vukFk 'kkfey gksaxs] csgrj lgk;rk
vkSj iquokZl dh O;oLFkk djuk
fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj Qls gq, d'ehfj;ksa dh okilh lqfuf'pr
cukuk] ftuesa ls cgqr ls 'kL=kL= ds f'k{k.k ds fy, ckgj pys
x, Fks fdUrq vc 'kkafriwoZd okfil vkuk pkgrs gSa]
,Q fu;a=.k&js[kk ds vkj&ikj ds laca kksa ij cus kkuea=h ds dk;Zny
dh flQkfj'kksa dk Rofjr dk;kZUo;uA blls gy ds fy, lgefr
cukus ds ;Ruksa esa lgk;rk feysxh vkSj bl dk;kZUo;u esa
fu;a=.k&js[kk ds vkj&ikj ds lc ekxksaZ dks [kksyuk] cgq&os'k
ijfeV@ohtk }kjk O;kikj vkSj ;k=k lqfokktud cukuk 'kkfey
47

gksuk pkfg,A
thvfpfr dczksa dh igpku ds fy, ,d U;kf;d vk;ksx cuk;k tk,
ftlesa [kks x,ykirk O;f;ksa dh igpku ij tksj jgsA
bu lhch,e fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik; esa ls vfkdka'k dk vkaf'kd
dk;kZUo;u gqvk gSA csgrj dk;kZUo;u ds fy, bl lewg dh flQkfj'ksa dh
lhch,e fo'okl LFkkiu ds mik; ds cksku ds fy, ,d l'k lewg
cuk;k tk,A
lEokn f;k
jktuhfrd laokn ds flyflys dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, lewg dh
fuEufyf[kr flQkfj'k gSa %&
, ftruk 'kh?kz gks lds Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj gqfjZ;r ds chp laokn vkjaHk
fd;k tk,A bl laokn ls R;{k ifj.kke vkus pkfg, vkSj bls
vckk cuk;k tk,A
ch lhlh lkafokkfud lfefr }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ flQkfj'kksa vkSj Hkkjr
ljdkj& gqfjZ;r ds laokn ls mHkjs fcUnqvksa ij laokn ds fy,
ikfdLrku vkSj ikfdLrku fu;af=r tEew vkSj d'ehj dks rS;kj
djuk pkfg,A
lh fu;a=.k js[kk ds nksuksa rjQ tEew vkSj d'ehj ds fy, flfoy
lkslk;Vh ds chp laidZ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku
ds chp le>kSrk djukA
fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj ds lacakksa dks lqlaxr cukuk
mu frfufk eaMyksa esa ls ftuls ge feys] vfkdka'k dk ;g fo'okl
gS fd tc rd iwoZ 'kkgh fj;klr ds mu Hkkxksa ij tks ikfdLrkuh 'kklu
ds vkhu gSa] Hkh Lrkfor gy ykxw u gks] rc rd dksbZ LFkk;h ;k
nh?kZdkyhu gy ugha fudy ldrkA ;g fLFkfr lu~ 1994 ds laln ds ml
Lrko ds vuqdy
w gS ftlesa iwoZ 'kkgh fj;klr ds iwjs Hkkx ij le>kSrs dh
vis{kk FkhA ikfdLrku fu;af=r Hkkxksa dk 'kklu Hkkjh :i esa cnyk gSA
ikfdLrku fu;af=r tEew vkSj d'ehj fQygky nks Hkkxksa esa cVk gS] ftuds
jktuhfrd Lrj fHkUu&fHkUu gSAa jkT; dh tu&lkaf[;dh mYys[kuh; rkSj
ij cnyh gS tks fd ikfdLrku ds vU; kUrksa ls vk, gq, yksxksa ds dkj.k
gqbZ gSA
dsU&jkT; lacakksa dks lqlaxr cukus vkSj {ks=h;] jkT; vkSj
48

iapk;ruxj&ikfydk ifj"kn ds Lrjksa ij fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj

'kf;ka nsus dh dksf'k'k dks lqlaxr cukus ds fy, ikfdLrku fu;af=r
tEew&d'ehj esa cM+s iSekus ij lkafokkfud ifjorZu vko';d gksaxsA ;fn
bl ij lgefr gks tk, rks blls fodkl] lalkku fuekZ.k vkSj vU;
nqrjQh ekeyksa ds fy, fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj la;
q laLFkkuksa dks cukus
esa bl lqlx
a frdj.k ls vklkuh gksxhA blfy, bl lewg dh flQkfj'k gS
fd bu ekeyksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ fu;a=.k js[kk ds nwljs rjQ ds lacafkr
frfufk;ksa ls dh tk,A
varr% bl lewg dh ;g flQkfj'k gS fd gy dh [kkst dks
Hkkjr&ikfdLrku okrkZ ij voyafcr u fd;k tk,A ;fn tEew vkSj d'ehj
esa i.kkkjh le>kSrs ds fy, lger gksa rks ikfdLrku ds Hkh 'kkfey gksus ds
fy, }kj lnk [kqys j[ks tk ldrs gSaA
tSlk fd kkuea=h eueksgu flag us dgk gS kku y{; gS fu;a=.k
js[kk dks vlaxr cukukA ;g lkSgknZz vkSj lg;ksx dk rhd cu tk,A

49

^;g fjiksVZ ,d 'kCnkMEcjiw.kZ

nLrkost gS*
Hkktik jk"Vh; dk;Zdkfj.kh cSBd esa 24&25 ebZ] 2012 eqEcbZ
tEew vkSj dk'ehj ij okrkZdkjksa dh fjiksVZ ij izLrqr oO;

laln ds vfuf'prdky rd LFkfxr fd, tkus ds 36 ?k.Vs ckn

tkucw> dj tEew vkSj dk'ehj ij okrkZdkjksa dh fjiksVZ dks tkjh fd;k
x;k gSA bldk ms'; fjiksVZ ij lalnh; tokcnsgh ls cpuk gSA
Hkktik fjiksVZ ij foLrkj ls tkap djus ds ckn viuh izfrf;k O;Dr
djsxhA ijUrq] ikVhZ us fjiksVZ dh izkjfEHkd tkap djus ij ik;k gS fd ;g
vR;ar fujk'kktud gSA ;g fjiksVZ ,d 'kCnkMaEcjiw.kZ nLrkost gS ftlesa
dfri; vkkkjHkwr okLrfodrkvksa dks udkjk x;k gSA buesa ls dqN rF;
dks fjiksVZ esa vuns[kk dj fn;k gS%&
i ikfdLrku tEew vkSj dk'ehj dks Hkkjr dk ,d vfHkUu vax
Lohdkj ugha dj ik jgk gS vkSj mlls jktuSfrd leL;k ds
lekkku dh dksbZ laHkkouk fn[kkbZ ugha iM+rh gSA
ii ns'k dks lhek&ikj vkSj LFkkuh; Lrj ij ize[q k leL;k dk lkeuk
djuk iM+rk gS ftldh O;wgjpuk ;k rks ikfdLrku esa jph tkrh
gS ;k fQj vyxkooknh lewgksa dh dkjLrkuh gksrh gSA bl fjiksVZ
esa vkrad&fojkskh mik;ksa dks de djds fn[kkus ds flok bl
leL;k dk dksbZ lekkku ugha crk;k x;k gSA
iii dk'ehj ?kkVh esa d'ehjh iafMrksa vkSj fl[kksa dks vR;fkd vkrafdr]
ihfM+r vkSj gR;k,a dh xbZ gSa] ftlds dkj.k mUgsa ?kkVh NksM+dj
Hkkxuk iM+k gS ftlls ogka lsD;qyfjTe vkSj lg&vfLrRo [krjs
esa iM+k jgk gSA bl fjiksVZ esa muds iquokZl ij dksbZ tokc ugha
fn;k x;k gSA
50

iv Hkkjr dh laln esa ikfjr 1994 ds izLrko esa Lohr ikfdLrku

% vfkr dk'ehj ihvksds dks Hkkjr ds vfHkUu vax lEcUkh
Hkkjrh; fLFkfr dks detksj dj fn;k x;k gSA ;g fjiksVZ bl
vkkkj ij rS;kj dh xbZ gS fd ihvksds {ks= dk iz'kklu ikfdLrku
djrk gS vkSj djrk jgsxk rFkk blesa ihvksds dks ih,ts ds
ikfdLrku iz'kkflr tEew vkSj dk'ehj ds :i esa mYys[k fd;k
x;k gSA
v fjiksVZ esa bl ckr ij Hkh fopkj rd ugha fd;k x;k fd jkT; esa
gh fodkl] f'k{kk] ljdkjh jkstxkjks]a O;; ,oa fuokZfpr izfrfufk;ksa
ds ekeys esa yk[k vkSj tEew {ks=ksa ds lkFk Hkkjh HksnHkko fd;k
tkrk gSA
vi fjiksVZ esa ;g ckr Hkh Lohdkj ugha dh xbZ gS fd vuqPNsn 370
jkT; vkSj ns'k ds 'ks"k Hkkx ds chp ,d ekufld ckkk cuh gqbZ
gSA blls jkT; vkSj 'ks"k Hkkjr ds chp laoSkkfud dM+h dks
detksj fd;k x;k gSA bldh ctk; fd bl izkokku dks lekIr
djus dh flQkfj'k dh tkrh] fjiksVZ esa ^vLFkk;h* 'kCn ds LFkku
ij ^fo'ks"k* 'kCn j[k dj bls LFkk;h cuk nsus dh flQkfj'k dj
Mkyh gS A blls Hkfo"; es a ^^othjs & ,&vkt+ e ** vkS j
^^lnj&,&fj;klr** ds inksa dh iqu% jpuk dh mEehnsa txkbZ xbZ
gSAa blesa flQkfj'k dh xbZ gS fd ^xouZj* jkT;iky dh uketnxh
dh 'kq:vkr jkT; fokkulHkk ls dh tk,A blesa 1952 ds i'pkr
ds dkuwuksa vkSj tEew vkSj dk'ehj esa muds ykxw fd, tkus dh
leh{kk dh flQkfj'k dh xbZ gSA ;g ,d fouk'kdkjh dne gksxk
D;ksafd ,sls vusd dkuwu gSa ftudks 1953 esa MkW- ';kek izlkn
eqdthZ ds cfynku vkSj 1975 esa bafnjk&'ks[k le>kSrs ykxw fd;k
gS] ftu ij iqu% fopkj djuk gksxkA
bl fjiksVZ esa ,sls vusd {ks= gSa ftu ij Hkktik dks vkifk gSA gekjs
laLFkkid MkW- ';kek izlkn eqdthZ us ,d ns'k esa ^^nks fokku( nks izkku**
jksdus ds fy, vius thou dk cfynku fd;k FkkA ;g fjiksVZ mUgha ckrksa
dk l`tu djuk pkgrh gS ftudk ge lnSo fojksk djrs vk, gSaA Hkktik
,sls lHkh igyqvksa dks iw.kZ :i ls [kkfjt djrh gSA
51

vke lgefr tks gS gh ugha

&tokgjyky dkSy

f'pe ds kphu eBksa esa yksD;wfje okrkZ d{k gqvk djrs Fks vkSj
muesa dqN fo'ks"k dkj ds ekeyksa dks lqy>kus ds fy, dqN
e;LFk ckrphr fd;k djrs FksA bu fcpkSfy;ksa dks yksD;wVj
dgk tkrk FkkA gkykafd d'ehj ds ckjs esa gBh vkSj eBh gj rjg ds
fopkSfy;ksa dh dksbZ deh ugha jgh gS] lkekftd Lrj ij lc ls tkus&ekus
fopkSfy, dk dke oj vkSj okw i{kksa ds chp fj'rs tksM+uk gksrk gSA mlds
fy, ftl d'ehjh 'kCn dk ;ksx gksrk gS] mldk vFkZ gksrk gS chp dk
;kj] ;kuh nksuksa dk ;kjA ysfdu ftl lanHkZ esa rhu ckSf)dksa&fnyhi
iMxkaodj] jkkk dqekj vkSj ,e,e valkjh&ds xqV dks ;g uke fn;k x;k
gS] mlls yxrk rks gS fd os dsa ljdkj ds frfufk gh ugha gSa vfirq
d'ehj esa fofHkUu i{kksa ds Hkh fo'oklik= gSa vkSj blh cwrs os ckrphr ls
gh ogka 'kkafr vkSj fodkl dk jkLrk 'kLr djus tk jgs gSAa ysfdu mudh
jiV dks tkjh djrs gq, x`g ea=h fpnacje us dgk fd bl jiV dh
flQkfj'kksa ij [kqydj cgl gksuh pkfg,A gkykafd ;g bl xqV dh vafre
jiV gSA fQj Hkh] ljdkj blds vkkkj ij d'ehj ds fdlh xqV ;k laxBu
ls ckrphr ugha djsxh vkSj u gh loZnyh; cSBd cqykus tk jgh gSA
fpnacje ds bl c;ku ls xyrQgeh gks ldrh gS fd ljdkj dks jiV dh
flQkfj'kksa ds ckjs esa igyh ckj tkudkjh feyh vkSj mls lpeqp v;;u
djus dh t:jr gSA
lafokku esa la'kksku djuk iM+sxk
;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd jiV dkQh fnuksa ls ljdkj ds ikl gh gS vkSj
52

varfje jiV rks dbZ eghus igys x`g ea=ky; dks kIr gks pqdh FkhA fQj
jiV dh cgqr lkjh ckrsa igys gh dbZ okrkZvksa vkSj ljdkjh frfufkeaMyksa
dk fo"k; jgh gSaA ljdkj tkurh gS fd jiV dk 80 fr'kr rks ogh gS]
tks igyh vkkk ntZu jiVksa esa dgk x;k gSA dqN dsoy vkSipkfjd
vk'oklu gSa] dqN tks igys ls gks jgk gS] mlh dk nqgjko gSA 'ks"k 20
fr'kr ftls egoiw.kZ dgk tk ldrk gS] Hkh ,slk gS ftls orZeku ljdkj
ykxw ugha dj ldrh gSA dqN ckrsa ,slh vo'; gSa] tks egoiw.kZ dgh tk
ldrh gSa vkSj ftudk lacak vuqPNsn&370 ls gSA blds fy, laoSkkfud
la'kksku dh vko';drk gksxhA orZeku ljdkj ds ikl ,slk cgqer rks ugha
ysfdu vxj mlds xBcaku ls ckgj ds dqN ny Hkh lkFk nsrs gSa rks nks
frgkbZ cgqer tqVkuk laHko ugha yxrkA okrkZdkjksa dks ;g ekywe gksxk ghA
ysfdu fQj iqjkuh 'kjkc dks u, uke ls ubZ cksry esa Mky dj ljdkj D;k
ikuk pkgrh gS\ nkok fd;k x;k gS fd mUgksaus tEew&d'ehj ds lHkh 22
ftyksa esa 700 frfufkeaMyksa vkSj nks xksyest lEesyuksa esa fofHkUu eqksa ij
[kqydj ckrphr dh vkSj ik;k fd dqN ckrksa ij vke lgefr gSA jiV esa
tks flQkfj'ksa dh xbZ gSa] muesa dqN ckrksa ij lgefr gks xbZ gks; ;g eku
ysus esa dksbZ vkifk ugha gSA elyu& jiV esa fn, x, dqN lq>koksa ij vke
yksxksa vkSj mudh frfufk laLFkkvksa dks 'kk;n gh dksbZ vkifk gksxhA
crk;k x;k gS fd lsuk ds fo'ks"kkfkdkjksa dks tkjh j[kus dh vko';drk
dh leh{kk gksuh pkfg,] foLFkkfir d'ehjh iafMrksa dh okilh dks ljdkjh
uhfr cuk;k tkuk pkfg,] jkT; ds rhu {ks=ksa ;kuh d'ehj ?kkVh] tEew vkSj
yk[k ds yksxksa dh lkaLd`frd&jktuhfrd vkdka{kkvksa dk lEeku gksuk
pkfg, vkSj blds fy, vko';d gS fd LFkkuh; fudk;ksa vkSj iapk;rksa dks
i;kZIr vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd vfkdkj feyus pkfg,A bu {ks=ksa ds fy,
{ks=h; ifj"knksa dk xBu gksuk pkfg,] ftuesa efgykvksa] nfyrksa vkSj
tutkfr;ksa ds fy, fo'ks"k kokku gksus pkfg,A gkykafd buesa ls Hkh dqN
ckrksa ij ogka ds dqN jktuhfrd nyksa us viuk vlarks"k O; fd;k gSA
370 dks LFkk;h cukus ij ugha gS vke jk;
vius rktk c;ku esa eq[;ea=h mej vCnqYyk us dgk gS fd lsuk ds
fo'ks"kkfkdkjksa dh leh{kk dk dksbZ vFkZ ugha gSA ftl leh{kk ls mu
vfkdkjksa dh lekfIr dk vk'oklu ugha] og csekuh gS ysfdu ;g vk'pZ;
dh ckr gS fd iMxkaodj dh lfefr dks ;g Hkzkafr dSls gqbZ fd jkT; ds
53

fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds yksxksa esa ,slh flQkfj'kksa ij lgefr gks xbZ gS] ftuesa dgk
x;k gS fd vuqPNsn 370 ls ^vLFkkbZ* 'kCn gVk dj mls lafokku dh LFkkbZ
O;oLFkk cuk;k tk,\ flQkfj'k dsoy ;gh ugha gS fd bl vuqPNsn dks
LFkkbZ cuk dj d'ehj dks LFkkbZ rkSj ij Hkkjrh; lafokku ds O;oLFkkRed
<kaps ls vyx j[kk tk, vfirq ;g Hkh gS fd 1953 ds ckn ls tks dsah;
dkuwu vkSj laLFkk,a tEew&d'ehj esa ykxw dh xbZ gSa] mudh Hkh leh{kk gks
vkSj vko';d gqvk rks mUgsa fujLr dj fn;k tk,A okrkZdkjksa us blds fy,
d'ehj ds lkFk Hkkjr ds usrkvksa ds ,sfrgkfld ok;nksa dks vkkkj ekuk gSA
ysfdu bfrgkl ds nwljs igyw dks os ugha ns[k ik, gSaA tEew vkSj d'ehj
?kkVh ds chp nqjko dk dkj.k dsoy tEew ds yksxksa esa vkfFkZd HksnHkko dh
Hkkouk gh ugha gS] Hkkjr la?k ds lkFk vius fj'rksa dh O;k[;k Hkh gSA 1953
esa 'ks[k vCnqYyk vkSj tEew dh tk ifj"kn ds chp Vdjko vkSj ckn esa 'ks[k
vCnqYyk dh fxjrkjh ds ?kVuke ds ihNs tEew ds yksxksa dh ;gh vk'kadk
Fkh fd 'ks[k d'ehj dks Hkkjr ls nwj ys tkuk pkgrs gSaA ^,d fokku] ,d
kku* dk ukjk njvly] vuqPNsn&370 tSlh O;oLFkk ds f[kykQ gh FkkA
ikd d'ehj dks mls lkSaius dh dok;n\
d'ehj ?kkVh ds HkqRo okyh ljdkj ds fr lansg dk ekgkSy vkt
Hkh tEew esa gSA lp rks ;g gS fd nksuksa {ks=ksa dh chp langs dh nhokj dkQh
gn rd 'ks[k vCnqYyk ds gVus ds ckn c['kh xqyke eksgEen ds 'kkludky
ls gh VwVus yxh FkhA ;gh og nkSj Fkk] tc dbZ Hkkjrh; dkuwuksa dks
tEew&d'ehj fokkulHkk us Lohd`fr nh FkhA bUgsa gVkus dh ekax igys
dsoy us'kuy dkUsal dh gh Fkh ysfdu khjs&khjs jktuhfrd fr;ksfxrk
esa bls ihMhih vkSj gqfjZ;r tSls laxBuksa us Hkh viuk fy;k gSA lp rks ;g
gS fd iMxkaodj dh jiV ml Lrko ds cgqr ls fcanv
q ksa dks Lohdkj djrh
gqbZ pyrh gS] ftls fiNys lky ihMhih us ,d Lrko ds :i esa is'k fd;k
FkkA ;gka rd fd mlds dqN fo'ks"k 'kCnksa dks Hkh viuk fy;k x;kA bl
'kCn ifjorZu ds fufgrkFkZ cgqr xgjs gSAa ikfdLrku ds vfkdkj okys Hkkx
dks ikd vfkd`r d'ehj dgk tkrk jgk gS ysfdu vc bls ^ikfdLrku
'kkflr* dgk tkus yxk gSA igys 'kCn esa ;g nkok rks Fkk fd d'ehj dk
;g Hkkx Hkh njvly Hkkjr dk vax gS] ftls nsj&losj NqMk+ us dh dksf'k'k
dh tk ldrh gS ysfdu nwljs 'kCn esa bl dkj ds fdlh Hkh nkos dks NksM+
fn;k x;k gSA D;k ;g ikdvfkd`r d'ehj dks fofkor ikfdLrku dk
54

fgLlk eku ysus dh iwoZ dok;n gS\ pquko {ks=ksa ds ifjlheu ij tksj nsus
ls nwj gksxk vlary
q u ftl lgefr dh ckr jiV esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] og Hkh
vkwjh gksus ds dkj.k Hkzked gh gSA tEew vkSj yk[k dks {ks=h; lfefr;ka
ns dj muds lkFk gksus okys HksnHkko dh f'kdk;rsa nwj dh tkuh pkfg,
ysfdu jkT; esa yksdra= dks etcwr djus dh odkyr djrs gq, D;k
okrkZdkjksa us bl ckr ij Hkh ;ku fn;k gS fd lkkuksa ds caVokjs esa HksnHkko
ds vfrfj tufrfufkRo esa Hkh HksnHkko gS\ tgka ?kkVh esa fr fokkulHkk
vkSlr ernkrk yxHkx 62 gtkj gSa rks ogha tEew esa ernkrkvksa dk vkSlr
84 gtkj ls vfkd gSA fr yksdlHkk lhV ij tEew esa vxj 16 yk[k ls
vfkd ernkrk gSa rks ?kkVh esa dsoy 9-5 yk[kA D;k bl varj dks nwj djus
dh Hkh dksbZ flQkfj'k dh xbZ gS\ ;g ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd ;g vuk;kl
ugha gqvk gSA tEew ds yksxksa dks lansg gS fd ,slk blfy, fd;k x;k gS
fd bl varj ds gh dkj.k fokkulHkk esa ?kkVh dk iyM+k Hkkjh jgrk gS vkSj
ns'k Hkj esa d'ehj&leL;k ?kkVh dh leL;k cu tkrh gSA lq>ko fn;k
x;k gS fd ikd 'kkflr {ks=ksa ls vk, gq, yksxksa dks ckdk;nk ukxfjdrk
ds vfkdkj nsrs gq, iquokZl dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A ysfdu mu 10 yk[k
yksx
a ksa ds ckjs esa dksbZ pZpk ugha gS] ftUgksua s foHkktu ds ckn lhek ikj djds
ikfdLrku ls tEew {ks= esa 'kj.k yh FkhA cs'kd okrkZdkj d'ehj dh
leL;kvksa ds ckjs esa lq>ko nsus ds fy, gh frc) Fks ysfdu vuqPNsn&370
dks vius iqjkus :i esa iquLFkkZfir djus ds ckn D;k vc vkSj 10 yk[k
yksxksa dks ukxfjdrk vkSj vfkdkjksa dh ryk'k esa Hkkjr ds uxjksa esa 'kj.k
ds fy, ekjs& ekjs HkVdus dh ckjh gS\ fxyfxr vkSj cfYrLrku dh fLFkfr
Li"V ugha dh xbZ bl lkjs O;k;ke esa mu {ks=ksa dks ,dne Hkqyk fn;k x;k
gS] ftUgsa ikfdLrku us vius lkFk feyk fy;k gS vkSj tks dfFkr vktkn
d'ehj ds Hkkx ugha gSaA buesa ls cgqr&ls {ks=ksa esa phu dh n[ky gks pqdh
gSA gky gh esa fxyfxr vkSj cfYrLrku varjjk"Vh; lekpkj i=ksa dh
lqf[kZ;ka cu x, Fks D;ksafd ogka ds yksxksa dks lkekU; ukxfjd vfkdkjksa ls
Hkh oafpr fd;k x;k vkSj muds {ks=ksa dks phu dh lSfud egokdka{kkvksa
dks iwjk djus ij etcwj fd;k tk jgk gSA loky gS fd vxj jiV dh eq[;
flQkfj'kksa dks lafokku esa ,d ;k vusd la'kksku fd, fcuk ykxw ugha
fd;k tk ldrk gS rks ,slh jiV bl ljdkj dks nsus dk D;k ykHk\
vuqPNsn 370 bl laln ds thoudky esa gVs ;k u gVs ysfdu dqN ckrksa
55

dk jktuhfrd ykHk rks mBk;k gh tk ldrk gSA fofHkUu {ks=ksa dh dqN

jktuhfrd ekaxksa dks eku dj] dqN vkfFkZd lqfokk,a tqVk dj] dsah;
vuqnku esa o`f) djds ,d ekgkSy rks cuk;k gh tk ldrk gS fd ljdkj
bl fookn dks gy djus esa xaHkhj gSA 2014 ds yksdlHkk pqukoksa ls igys
Nfo lqkkjus ds vfHk;ku dk gh ;g ,d fgLlk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS ysfdu ;g
,d nqkkjh ryokj gS] tks nksuksa vksj ls okj dj ldrh gSA bUgha flQkfj'kksa
ds dkj.k jkT; ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa iqjkus ?kko fQj ls gjs gks ldrs gSa vkSj
ubZ ekaxksa ds fy, vkanksyu vkjaHk gks ldrs gSaA d'ehj ds vyx&vyx
{ks=ksa esa lgefr ds cnys vlgefr dh [kkbZ vkSj pkSMh+ gks ldrh gSA yksxksa
dks ;g ,glkl gksus yxk gS fd Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk sfjr gj e;LFkrk
;kl ls d'ehj Hkkjr ds fudV vkus ds cnys ,d dne ihNs pyk tkrk
jgk gSA blls ljdkj dh fcxM+rh Nfo dSls lqkjsxh\ ;g mlds lykgdkj
gh tkurs gSaA jk"Vh; lgkjk ls lkHkkj
ys[kd d'ehj ekeyksa ds tkudkj gSa

56

^gekjs lkFk rqEgkjk dkSu lk

djkj j[kus dk bjknk gS*
&'kadj 'kj.k

'ehj ij rks lu~ 1947 ls lSdM+ksa fdLe dh jk;] lykg vkSj

^:ijs[kk,a* nh tkrh jgh gSaA yMZ ekmaVcsVu ls ysdj xqyke
uch QbZ] vkSj JhvjfoUn ls ysdj iuqu d'ehj rd dh
vufxur lykgsa iqLrdky;ksa ls ysdj ea=ky;ksa dh Qkbyksa esa miyCk gSAa
rc d'ehj leL;k ij fnyhi iMxkodkj okyh f=&lnL;h; dfeVh }kjk
gky esa lq>k, x, ^lekkku dh :ijs[kk* fdl ckr esa fHkUu gS\
bl dfeVh us viuh fjiksVZ dk 'kh"kZd ,d iqjkus] pyu ls ckgj ds
vaxzsth 'kCn ds lgkjs fn;k gS] , dEiSDV foFk n ihiqy vQ tEew ,aM
d'ehjA ;gk dEiSDV 'kCn jgL;e; gS] D;ksfa d bldk vFkZ 'kCndks"k vkSj
lkekU; ;ksx ls ugha fudysxkA exj fjiksVZ i<+dj le> esa vk tkrk gS
fd dEiSDV dh vkM+ esa ^iSDV* ;kuh le>kSrk dgk tk jgk gSA rc bl
NksV]s Li"V 'kCn ds cnys vLi"V 'kCn dk ;ksx D;ksa fd;k x;k\ D;k bl
esa fcuk lkQ dgs dqN vdFk dgus dh dksf'k'k] ;k dqN dgdj ml ls
eqdjus dk jkLrk [kqyk j[kus dh prqjkbZ cjrh xbZ gS\
ftl vFkZ esa bl dfeVh us dEiSDV 'kCn dk ;ksx fd;k gS] oSlk
;ksx lfn;ksa igys 'ksDlih;j us vius ukVd ^twfy;l lhtj* esa fd;k
Fkk% okV~ dEiSDV ehu ;w Vq gSo foFk vl\---A jkspd ckr ;g gS fd Bhd
;gh 'u bl dfeVh ls Hkkjrh; turk iwN ldrh gSA fd gekjs lkFk
rqEgkjk dkSu lk djkj j[kus dk bjknk gS\ D;k rqe gekjs fe=ksa esa fxus
tkvksxs] ;k fd vkxs ge rqe ij dksbZ Hkjkslk u j[ksa\;kuh] ogh tks
'ksDlih;j ds ik= us vius lafnXk fe= ls iwNk FkkA
57

;g 'u fujkkkj ugha gksxkA D;ksafd ;g fjiksVZ vkjaHk ls gh dfBu

lPpkb;ksa ls lk;kl cpus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSA bl dh >yd igys gh
iUus ij gSA yksxksa dh bPNk,a fxukrs gq, fjiksVZ ,d txg dgrh gS%lHkh
leqnk;ksa dh kkfeZd] Hkk"kkbZ vkSj lkaLd`frd igpku dks [krjskedh ls
eqfA D;k d'ehj esa gjsd leqnk; dh kkfeZd] Hkk"kkbZ vkSj lkaLd`frd
igpku dks [krjk@kedh feyh gS\ vejukFk ;kf=;ksa dh rjg D;k
gtjrcy bcknfr;ksa dks Hkh lkewfgd lagkj dk lkeuk djuk iM+k\ D;k
laxzkeiqjk] iqyokek] uanhexZ tSls vufxur lkewfgd gR;kdkaMksa esa lHkh
leqnk;ksa ds yksx ekjs x, Fks\ D;k ogk ntZuksa eafnjksa ds vykok dHkh fdUgha
efLtnksa dks Hkh pqu&pqu dj oLr fd;k x;k\ [khj&Hkokuh ;k 'kadjkpk;Z
eafnj dh rjg fdlh efLtn dks Hkh lqj{kk dh t:jr iM+h Fkh\ D;k
^kekaZrfjr gksvks] ugha rks ejus dks rS;kj jgks* tSlh [kqyh kefd;k lHkh
leqnk;ksa dks feyh Fkha\ D;k d'ehjh efLtnksa dh rjg ogk fdlh eafnj ls
Hkh dHkh fgald vkokgu gq,\ ;fn ugha] rks d'ehj leL;k esa bu rF;ksa
dh txg dgk ij ;k fdruh gS] fjiksVZ bl ij ekSu gSA
d'ehj leL;k ds tUe ls gh ml esa ,d etgch rRo jgk gS] ftl
dh vuns[kh dj fjiksVZ esa dsoy lkekftd&vkfFkZd&jktuhfrd&lkaLd`frd
igyqvksa ij fofok ckrsa ,d= dh xbZ gSaA fQj] fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj dfeVh
us tEew&d'ehj ls lacafkr o`gr~ lkfgR; dk Hkh v;;u fd;kA ysfdu
mu iqLrdksa dh lwph ifjf'k"V esa ugha nh xbZ gS] tcfd vusd vuko';d
phtsa ogk gSaA ml ls irk pyrk fd fdruk egRoiw.kZ lkfgR; dfeVh
lnL;ksa us ugha i<+k] vFkok ;fn i<+k rks] ml dh ckrsa iwjh rjg misf{kr
dhaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] d'ehj ?kkVh ls Hkxk, x, d'ehjh fgUnqvksa }kjk
gj fokk esa fy[kk x;k ^foLFkkiu lkfgR;*A bl esa orZeku ls ysdj ihNs
ih<f?;ksa rd ds yacs thoUr d'ehjh vuqHko gSaA lkekftd&vkfFkZd ls
ysdj jktuhfrd&lkaLd`frd vkSj etgch] euksoK
S kfud rdA vktdy ds
dfo;ksa dh Hkk"kk esa dgsa] rks Lo;a dk Hkksxk gqvk ;FkkFkZA lekt foKku dh
Hkk"kk esa dgsa rks kbejh lkslt
Zs ds rF; vkSj ek.kA bl fjiksVZ esa og dgha
ugha >ydrkA d'ehjh fgUnqvksa ds ckjs esa fjiksVZ yxHkx pqi gSA fjiksVZ ds
dqy 176 i`"Bksa esa dqy nks i`"Bksa Hkj lkexzh Hkh d'ehjh fgUnqvksa dks ugha nh
xbZ gSA tks dgk Hkh x;k gS] og us'kuy dkal
as }kjk le;&le; ij dgh
tkus okyh bDdk&nqDdk jLeh mf;ksa ls dqN fHkUu ugha gSA cfYd lp
58

iwNsa rks dfeVh dh fjjksIV mu yk[kksa d'ehjh fgUnqvksa dks lgh&lgh

igpkuus ls Hkh badkj djrh gSA lp ls cpus okyh viuh jktuhfr&laxr
Hkk"kk esa mUgsa ^vi:VsM ihiqy* dgrh gSA exj bu vi:VsM ihiqy dh dgh
xbZ dksbZ cqfu;knh ckr fjiksVZ esa ugha >ydrhA
dkj.k 'kk;n ;g gS] fd fjiksVZ ds 'kCnksa es]a geus bl jkT; dks ijs'kku
djus okyh vufxur leL;kvksa dks fdlh ,d {ks= ;k tkfr ;k etgch
leqnk; dh n`f"V ls ns[kus dh xyrh ls cpus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA ij
ls lqanj yxus okyh bl ckr dk okLrfod] O;ogkfjd vFkZ ;g Hkh gks
ldrk gS fd dfeVh us igys ls gh fdlh Hkh {ks=] leqnk; ;k etgc dks
nks"k u nsuk r; dj fy;k FkkA tSl]s ;g cqfu;knh rF; fd d'ehj&leL;k
ikfdLrku&leL;k ls tUeh] vkSj vkt Hkh vfHkUu :i ls tqM+h gSA tjk
lksfp,] fd ;fn vkt Hkkjr&ikfdLrku dk foHkktu [kRe gksdj Hkkjr
iwoZor~ gks tk, rks d'ehj leL;k D;k cpsxh\ vkSj ikfdLrku ewyr%
bLykeh vyxkookn dk vkanksyu FkkA vc ftlus r; dj fy;k gks fd
mls ^fdlh ,d etgc* dks ppkZ esa ykuk gh ugha] og dgsxk fd ge
cqfu;knh ckr Hkh ugha mBk,axsA
exj ,slh len'khZ n`f"V tks vyxkooknh vkSj leUo;oknh ds chp]
mRihfM+r vkSj mRihM+d ds chp Hksn u djus ij vkeknk gks] og lHkh
vlqfokkud lpkb;ksa ls cpus dh dksf'k'k djsxh ghA blhfy, bl fjiksVZ
esa gj dne ij] ckj&ckj vkwjh laKk,a vkSj fo'ks"k.k feyrs gSa ftu ls dksbZ
ckr Li"V gksus dh ctk, kqakyds esa jg tkrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] fjiksVZ ds
lkj&la{ksi dk nwljk [kaMA bl dh egRoiw.kZ ckrsa laKkvksa ds mYys[k fcuk
loZuke dh 'kSyh esa gSaA tSls] ^iksfyfVdy lsVyesaV*] exj fduds chp
lsVyesVa ] ;g ugha irk pyrkA fQj] ^fofDVegqM* exj fdl fofDVe dh
ckr gks jgh gS\] ^QkslsZt vQ fjyhft;l ,DlVhfeTe* D;k d'ehj esa
dksbZ fgUnw mxzokn Hkh gS\] ^jhtuy 'kfofuTe* D;k tEew ;k yk[k {ks=
esa Hkh fdlh {ks=h; ,dkfkdkjh Hkkouk dk opZLo gS\] ^estksfjVsfj;u
dalhV~l* cgql[a ;dksa dk ;g vgadkj d'ehj ds cgql[a ;dksa dk Hkkjr ds
cgqla[;dksa dh\] vkfn vusd eqgkojs crkus ls vfkd fNikrs gSaA
;ku ls i<+us ij ns[k ldrs gSa fd fjiksVZ esa gj txg fdlh nks"k ;k
nks"kh dks fpfUgr djus ls cpus ds fy, ,slh vkkh&vkwjh Hkk"kk&'kSyh dk
;ksx fd;k x;k gSA fd ihfM+r dks dgk tk lds] fd geus rks vkidh
59

ihM+k dk mYys[k fd;k; lkFk gh ncax dks dgk tk lds] fd geus rks
vkidh Hkkouk dk iwjk [;ky j[kkA ;kuh ge len'khZA ,slh fjiksVZ fy[kus
okyh dfeVh d'ehjh eqlyekuksa vkSj d'ehjh fgUnqvksa ds chp ds cjk;uke
lacak ls ij] vyxkookfn;ksa vkSj leUo;okfn;ksa ds foijhr euksHkkoksa ls
ij] bLyke vkSj fgUnw keZ ds fdlh Hksn ls ij] Hkkjr&ikfdLrku ds
>xM+s ls ij! ;|fi O;ogkj esa ,slh rVLFkrk lnSo ncax vkSj mRihM+d
ds i{k esa tkrh gSA fjiksVZ i<+dj yxrk gS fd vesfjdk esa QbZ dh nkorsa
csdkj ugha xbZA
pwfd bl dfeVh ds dk;Z esa Hkkjrh; turk ds VSDl ds djksM+ksa :i,
[kpZ gq,] vr% ,d t:jh 'u ;g Hkh mBrk gS] fd ,slh lenf'kZrk ds lkFk
;g dfeVh fdl dk frfufkRo dj jgh Fkh\ Hkkjr ljdkj us bls cuk;k
Fkk] vkSj bls eksVs osru] lqfokk,a rFkk bl dh gj xfrfofk] lEesyuksa vkSj
ljatke dk lkjk [kpkZ mBkrh jghA exj D;k dfeVh us Hkkjr ljdkj dk]
;k dfeVh dh gh 'kCnksa esa ^jk"Vh; fgr* dk frfufkRo fd;k\ ,slk yxrk
ugha] D;ksafd fjiksVZ dh iwjh Hkk"kk us'kuy kasal ds oO;ksa ds vykok
fHkUu&fHkUu dkj ds ekuokfkdkjh laxBuksa] ,fDVfoLV xzqiksa dh Hkk"kk ls
gh feyrh gSA ;g Hkkjrh; jk"Vh; fgrksa dh fpark djus okyh Hkk"kk ls esy
ugha [kkrhA
bl esa mu eroknh vnZ~ k&jktuhfrd laxBuks]a ,u-th-vks- frfufk;ksa
ds eqgkojs Hkjs feyrs gSa tks Lo;a dks Hkkjrh;] jk"Voknh ;k ns'kHk Hkh
dgykuk ilan ugha djrsA os vius dks fycjy] Xykscy] wefs uVsfj;u]vkfn
dgrs gSAa ;fn bUgha n`f"V;ksa ls d'ehj leL;k dks ns[kuk gks] rc ;kn j[ksa
fd vesfjdh ljdkj] ;wjksih; ;wfu;u ls ysdj lh-vkbZ-,-] vkbZ-,l-vkbZ] tSlh dbZ varjkZ"Vh; lkkvks]a ,tsfa l;ks]a vkSj muds eq[kkSVs ekuokfkdkfj;ks]a
,u-th-vks- dh Hkh d'ehj ij viuh&viuh LFkkfir n`f"V gSA D;k bu
n`f"V;ksa vkSj bl dfeVh dh n`f"V esa dksbZ Hksn gS\ bl 'u dk mkj fjiksVZ
esa <w<uk ,d jkspd dk;Z gksxkA

60

leL;k dks lqy>kus ds

ctk; my>kus ds ;kl
&vk'kqrks"k HkVukxj

Eew&d'ehj ds fo"k; esa lkekU; lh tkudkjh j[kus okys yksx

Hkh ;g le>rs gSa fiNys 65 o"kksZa esa bl leL;k dks lqy>kus ds
ctk; my>kus ds T;knk ;kl gq, gSaA jkT; ds jktusrkvksa
vkSj ukSdj'kkgksa us bu my>uksa esa gh vius futh fgr ryk'k fy;s gSa vkSj
vc mudh kFkfedrk bl leL;k dks dHkh u lqy>us nsus dh gSA dsU
esa vfkdka'k le; lkk:<+ jgh dkaxzsl tEew&d'ehj esa Hkh lkk esa
Hkkxhnkj jgh] vkt Hkh gSA og mu QSlyksa esa Hkh 'kkfey gS ftuds dkj.k
leL;k my>h gS vkSj mlds LFkkuh; usr`Ro ds Hkh fgr bl my>ko ls
iksf"kr gksrs gSaAHkkjr ljdkj ds x`g ea=ky; us 13 vwcj 2010 dks
tEew&d'ehj dh leL;k dk lekkku [kkstus ds fy;s rhu lnL;h;
okrkZdkj ny dk xBu fd;kA ny esa ftl dkj xSj&jktuSfrd yksxksa dk
p;u fd;k x;k mlls yksxksa dks yxk fd ljdkj okLro esa fdlh Bksl
igy dh bPNqd gSA nks f'k{kkfonksa ds lkFk fnyhi iM+xkaodj tSls ofj"B
i=dkj ls 'kkskiw.kZ] iwokZxzgfoghu vkSj okLrfod lekkku dh vksj ys tkus
okys lq>koksa dh mEehn FkhA
12 vwcj 2011 dks okrkZdkjksa us viuh fjiksVZ lkSia nhA lkr ekg rd
mls nck;s j[kus ds ckn 24 ebZ 2012 dks ea=ky; us bls lkoZtfud dj
fn;kA Fke n`"Vk gh ;g frosnu fujk'kktud gh ugha]vkifkiw.kZ Hkh
FkkA loky dsoy ;g ugha fd ;g lq>ko fdlh lekkku rd ugha igqaprs
61

vfirq leL;k dks vkSj vfkd my>kus dk ekk j[krs gSaA

okrkZdkj Lo;a Lohdkj djrs gSa fd os dksbZ u;h ckr ugha dg jgs]
fdUrq os og ckr dg jgs gSa tks vHkh rd vyxkooknh dgk djrs FksA ,d
dkj ls bl fjiksVZ ds ek;e ls i`Fkdrkoknh ekaxksa dks vkfkdkfjd :i
nsus dk ;Ru fd;k x;k gSA ;g ;kl bl ny dh ea'kk ij Hkh loky
[kM+s djrk gSA
vktknh ds ckn ls gh tEew&d'ehj leL;kxzLr jkT; jgk gS vkSj
blds gy ds fy;s le;&le; ij reke desfV;ka vkSj deh'ku cuk;s
tkrs jgs gSaA k;% lHkh esa 'kkfey yksx fnYyh ls ,d fuf'pr n`f"V vkSj
iwokZxgz ds lkFk tkrs Fks vkSj Jhuxj esa dqN fnu #d dj] us'kuy dkal
as
vkSj ihMhih ds dqN fxus&pqus psgjksa ls fey dj okil ykSV vkrs FksA
gqfjZ;r ls Hkh feyus dh kFkZuk djrs Fks] dHkh&dHkh muesa ls fdlh ls
feyus esa dke;kc Hkh gks tkrs FksA ljdkjh [kpZ ij cgqr lh desfV;ksa vkSj
deh'kuksa dks vkrs vkSj iRuh&cPpksa ds fy;s fxV ys tkrs Jhuxj us ns[kk
gSA ij bl ckj okrkZdjksa dk ny dqN vyx FkkA vyx bl ek;us esa fd
mlesa 'kkfey rhuksa lnL;& ofj"B i=dkj fnyhi iMxkaodj] iwoZ lwpuk
vk;q ,e ,e valkjh rFkk f'k{kkfon jkkk dqekj vius&vius {ks= esa lk[k
j[krs FksA
ny us ,d o"kZ rd jkT; ds fofHkUu ftyksa esa tkdj yxHkx lkr lkS
frfufkeaMyksa ls HksaV dh rFkk mudh ekaxksa dks ;ku ls lqukA okLro esa
;g vHkwriwoZ FkkA mudh ;g igy ukxfjdksa ds eu esa fo'okl txkus esa
dke;kc jghA ysfdu jktuSfrd s{kdksa dk ,d oxZ kjaHk ls gh bl ij
lansg O; dj jgk FkkA vius vuqHko ds vkkkj ij mudk ekuuk Fkk fd
bl ckj Hkh urhtk ^<+kd ds rhu ikr* gh jgsxkA tc rhu esa ls nks
okrkZdkjksa ds vkbZ ,l vkbZ ,tsaV M xqyke eqgEen QbZ ds fuea=.k ij
Hkkjr fojkskh xks"Bh esa Hkkx ysus dk [kqyklk gqvk rks mudh vk'kadkvksa dks
cy feykA blds ckn okrkZdkjksa esa vkil esa gh dyg 'kq: gks x;hA
;g foMacuk gh gS fd jkT; gh ugha] fnYyh ds jktuSfrd lehdj.k
Hkh xr N% n'kdksa ls vfkd le; esa tEew&d'ehj esa vyxkooknh rFkk
Hkkjr fojkskh rRoksa dks gh ksRlkgu nsrs jgs gSAa foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa jg
dj Hkh Hkkjrh; fgrksa dh ckr djus okys yksx d'ehj esa rks vkrafd;ksa ds
fu'kkus ij jgs gh] ljdkjksa us Hkh mUgsa misf{kr gh fd;kA vkwjh vkSj viq"V
62

lwpukvksa ds lqfu;ksftr lkj }kjk Hkze dk ,d okrkoj.k fuekZ.k fd;k

x;kA Hkze mRiUu djus ds bl fujarj vfHk;ku ds pyrs u dsoy vke
vkneh ds] vfirq ns'k ds cqf)thoh oxZ ds eu esa Hkh d'ehj ds Hkkjr ds
lkFk ,dhdj.k dks ysdj la'k; mRiUu gks x;kA okrkZdkjksa dh fjiksVZ
bldh iqf"V djrh gSA
dsU ljdkj }kjk tEew&d'ehj ij fu;q okrkZdkj ny }kjk nh x;h
fjiksVZ fofHkUu oxksZa ds 700 frfufke.Myksa ls HksVa ] rhu xksyest lEesyuksa
rFkk jkT; ds lHkh 22 ftyksa esa cM+h la[;k esa yksxksa ls feyus ls mHkjh jk;
dks ugha O; djrhA oLrqr% ;g fgrxzkfg;ksa LVsd gksYMj rFkk ukxfjdksa
dh loZlEefr ds uke ij dsU o jkT; ljdkj dh ekax ij rS;kj dh x;h
eupkgh fjiksVZ gSA ;g eqB~Bh Hkj yksxksa ds lkeus Hkkjr dh Hkzfer vkSj
?kqVukVsd uhfr ds dkj.k mRiUu vyxkookn dks lacksfkr djrh gSA bl
uhfr dk vkkkj os feF;k kkj.kk,a jgh gSa ftUgsa xr 64 o"kksZa ls mUgksua s ikyk
gSA
ftu frfufke.Myksa us okrkZdkj ny ls HksaV dh mUgksaus viuh ekaxksa
dks ehfM;k ds ek;e ls Hkh lkoZtfud fd;kA jkT; ds okl ds nkSjku
ny ds lkeus mBk;s tkus okys eqksa dh ppkZ ogka dh ehfM;k esa gksrh jghA
blh dkj] fnYyh esa Hkh foKku Hkou fLFkr muds dk;kZy; esa vusd
frfufke.Myksa us viuk i{k muds le{k j[kkA fjiksVZ ns[kus ds ckn os
lHkh yksx vpfEHkr Fks fd mudk i{k okrkZdkjksa dh fjiksVZ esa LFkku u ik
ldkA
x`g ea=ky; }kjk fjiksVZ dk Lokxr djrs gq, dgk x;k fd ljdkj
bl ij cgl pkgrh gSA tcfd dqN gh fnu igys laln dk l= lekIr
gqvk gS] ;fn ljdkj lp&eqp bl ij cgl pkgrh rks bls laln esa Lrqr
dj ldrh FkhA ea=ky; }kjk fjiksVZ dks lkoZtfud djrs le; dgk x;k
fd bl fjiksVZ esa O; fd;s x, fopkj okrkZdkjksa ds gSaA ljdkj us fjiksVZ
ij vHkh rd dksbZ fu.kZ; ugha fy;k gS A ljdkj fjiksVZ dh fo"k; oLrq ij
,d lqfoK cgl dk Lokrxr djsxhA ;g vthc ckr gS fd ftl fjiksVZ
dks ljdkj viuk u eku dj mls okrkZdkjksa dk fopkj eku jgh gS ml ij
ns'k cgl djsA vkf[kj D;ksaA ;fn ;g fdUgha rhu ,sls yksxksa dk fQrwj gS]
ftudk d'ehj ls dksbZ lacak ugha gS] ljdkj ftlls lger ugha gS] ns'k
ml ij lqfoK cgl djs] ljdkj dh ;g vis{kk vius&vki esa fofp= gSA
63

k;% lHkh i{kksa us jiV esa dh x;h flQkfj'kksa dks fljs ls [kkfjt fd;k
gSA ,d o"kZ dk le; vkSj 50 djksM+ #i;s [kpZ dj rS;kj bl iqfyans dk
dksbZ O;kogkfjd ewY; ugha gSA T;knkrj flQkfj'ksa ykxw djuk k;%
vlaHko gS ogha vusd flQkfj'ksa ,slh gSa ftUgsa ykxw djus ds fy;s u dsoy
vyxkookfn;ksa dks cfYd ikfdLrku vkSj phu dks Hkh okrkZ ds fy;s jkth
djuk gksxkA tehuh gdhdr dks le>us okyk dksbZ Hkh O;f bUgsa
'ks[kfpYyh dh dgkfu;ksa ds vkkqfud ikB dk gh ntkZ nsxkA
ysfdu ckr brus ls gh ugha lekIr gksrh gSA fjiksVZ dh flQkfj'kksa ls
okrkZdkjksa dh ea'kk Hkh tkfgj gksrh gS vkSj mu ij ljdkj dh ewd lgefr
HkhA fiNys dqN o"kksaZ esa geus ns[kk gS fd ljdkj ij ls ,slh fjiksVksaZ dks
BaMs cLrs esa Mkyus dk fn[kkok djrh gS ysfdu vanj&vanj bls ykxw djus
ds fy;s [kkeks'k pkysa pyrh gSA vxj ljdkj dk ealcw k bl fjiksVZ ds lkFk
Hkh ,slk gh dqN gS rks mls le> ysuk pkfg;s fd og vkx ls [ksy jgh
gSA Lok;krk vkSj lsYQ:y dh ekax dks bl fjiksVZ us ftl nwjh rd
igqapk;k gS] vxj mls ykxw djus dh dksf'k'k dh x;h rks ;g ns'k dh
laHkqrk ds lkFk fo'okl?kkr ls de ugha gksxkA
ys[kd tEew&d'ehj v;;u dsU] fnYyh ds lfpo gSa

64

^tEew vkSj d'ehj ij okrkZdkjksa dh fjiksVZ

vyxkookn dk iqfyank
&latho dqekj flUgk

jk

"V ^cqf)thfo;ksa* ds FkksFks rdksZa ls ugha pyrkA ;g iwoZxzgksa

ls ugha pyrkA ;g izfrfdz;kvksa ls ugha pyrkA ;g
kefd;ksa ls ugha pyrkA ;g rq"Vhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa ls
ugha pyrkA ;g tksM+&rksM+ ls ugha pyrkA ;g okLrfod kjkry
dh vuns[kh ls ugha pyrkA ;g tu ls dVdj ugha pyrkA jk"V
pyrk gS jk"Vh; Hkkouk lsA vius xkSjo'kkyh ijaijk ds izfr xoksZUur
Hkkouk lsA ml Hkwfe ds izfr ekr`or~ Hkko lsA Bksl okLrfod kjkry
ds voyksdu lsA jk"Vh; ,drk vkSj v[kaMrkFkZ ltxrk lsA
vyxkooknh izo`fk ij eekZard izgkj lsA
xr eghus tEew&d'ehj ij okrkZdkjksa dh fjiksVZ lkoZtfud
gqbZA bl fjiksVZ us jkT; dh leL;k,a lqy>kus dh ctk, vkSj
my>k fn;k gSA ;g fjiksVZ jk"Vh; Hkkouk ds f[kykQ gSA blesa
jk"Vh; fgr ds lkFk le>kSrk fd;k x;k gSA blesa vyxkookn dk
iks"k.k gSA blesa vuqPNsn 370 dks ^vLFkk;h* ds ctk; ^fo'ks"k* cukus
dh ckr dbZ xbZ gSA blesa tEew vkSj yn~nk[k {ks= misf{kr gSA blesa
foLFkkfir d'ehjh fganqvksa ds iquokZl dh Bksl igy ugha gSA
jk"Vh; Lo;alsod la?k ds f}rh; ljla?kpkyd i-iw- Jh xq#th
vius izckskuksa esa vDlj ,d ckskdFkk lqukrs FksA ;g dFkk bl
fjiksVZ ij lVhd cSBrh gSA ^^,d ckj izkf.kfoKku ds Nk=ksa dks
etkd lw>kA mUgksaus fdlh dhM+s dk eqg] fdlh dk isV] fdlh dk
65

iSj vkSj fdlh ds ia[k vkfn dks tksM+dj ,d dhM+s tSlk vkdkj ns
fn;kA fQj mls iz;ksx'kkyk dh est ij j[k fn;kA dqN nsj ckn
tc muds v;kid vk;s] rks Nk=ksa us dgk fd ;g vthc lk dhM+k
mUgksaus idM+k gSA i;k bldk uke crkdj bl oxZ dh fo'ks"krk,
crk;saA v;kid Nk=ksa dk etkd le> x;sA os cksys & ;g dhM+k
;k dhM+h ugha] kks[kkkM+h gSA** tEew&d'ehj ij okrkZdkjksa dh fjiksVZ
Hkh jk"V ds lkFk kks[kkkM+h gSA bl fjiksVZ ds ckjs esa dgk tk ldrk
gS] ^dgha dk bZaV] dgha dk jksM+k( Hkkuqerh us dquck tksM+kA*
ns'k dh vktknh ds le; ls gh tEew&d'ehj v'kkar gSA lu~
2010 esa jkT; esa iRFkjckth dh ?kVuk gqbZA blh ifjn`'; esa dsUnzh;
x`g ea=ky; us tEew vkSj d'ehj esa LFkk;h 'kkafr] fLFkjrk vkSj
[kq'kgkyh dks lqfuf'pr djus vkSj d'ehj eqs dk O;kid jktuhfrd
lekkku fudkyus ds fy, rhu okrkZdkjksa ds ,d ny dk xBu
fd;kA okrkZdkjksa ds ny us ^tEew vkSj d'ehj dh turk ds lkFk
,d u;k le>kSrk , U;w dkaiSDV foFk n ihiqy vkWQ tEew ,aM
d'ehj uke ls fjiksVZ cukbZA okrkZdkjksa us dqy 11 ckj jkT; dk
nkSjk fd;k vkSj jkT; ds lHkh ftyksa esa izokl fd;kA mUgksaus 22
ftyksa esa 700 ls vfkd izfrfufk;ksa ls ckr dh vkSj rhu xksyest+
lEesyuksa esa lewgksa ds lkFk okrkZ dhA okrkZdkjksa us jkT;iky ,u,u
cksgjk] eq[;ea=h mej vCnqYyk] ihMhih usrk egcwck eqrh vkSj vU;
jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa ds usrkvksa] lkekftd laxBuksa ds izfrfufk;ksa]
i=dkjksa vkSj fofHkUu oxksZa ds yksxksa ls O;kid ckrphr dhA tcfd
d'ehj ds vyxkooknh usrkvksa us bu okrkZdkjksa ls feyus rd ls
budkj dj fn;kA
fofnr gks fd egkjktk gfjflag dh fyf[kr lgefr ls
tEew&d'ehj dk Hkkjr esa foy; gqvkA blds i'pkr~ jkT; dh
ckxMksj 'ks[k vCnqYyk ds gkFkksa esa vk xbZA mlus jkT; esa vfLFkjrk
vkSj vjktdrk dk gokyk nsrs gq, d'ehj dks fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ
fnykus esa lQyrk ik yhA bl fo'ks"k ntkZ ds pyrs gqvk ;g fd
d'ehj esa izos'k djus ds fy, ijfeV ysus dk dkuwu Hkh cuk;k
66

x;kA iwjs ns'k esa blds f[kykQ tukdzks'k mHkjkA Hkkjrh; tula?k
ds laLFkkid v;{k MkW- ';kek izlkn eq[kthZ us bl tukdzks'k dks
eq[kfjr fd;kA MkW- eq[kthZ dh lksp Fkh fd iwjk Hkkjr ,d jk"V gS
rks fQj tEew&d'ehj esa tkus ds fy, ijfeV dk izkokku D;ksa\
mUgksaus r; fd;k fd os fcuk ijfeV ds jkT; esa izos'k djsaxsA ^,d
ns'k esa nks izkku] nks fokku vkSj nks fu'kku&ugha pysaxs] ugha pysaxs*
bl ukjs dk mn~?kks"k djrs gq, MkW- eq[kthZ iBkudksV ds jkLrs tEew
dh lhek esa igqapsA ;gka ij iqfyl us mUgsa fxjrkj dj utjcan
dj fn;kA utjcanh ds 43osa fnu vFkkZr~ 23 twu 1953 dks mudk
nsgkolku gks x;kA vkSj bl rjg MkW- eq[kthZ Lora= Hkkjr ds ,sls
igys vej 'kghn gq,] ftUgksaus jk"Vh; ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk ds fy,
viuk cfynku fn;kA
tEew&d'ehj leL;k dks ysdj Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dk jk"Vh;
n`f"Vdks.k loZfofnr gSA jk"Vh; ,drk vkSj v[k.Mrk dks lqfuf'pr
djuk ikVhZ dh fopkjkkjk gSA xr ebZ ekg esa eqca bZ esa laiUu Hkkjrh;
turk ikVhZ dh jk"Vh; dk;Zdkfj.kh cSBd esa ikVhZ us okrkZdkjksa dh
vksj ls izLrqr dh xbZ fjiksVZ dks [kkfjt dj fn;kA jkT;lHkk esa
foi{k ds usrk Jh v#.k tsVyh us bl fjiksVZ dks 'kCnkMEcjiw.kZ
nLrkost djkj nsrs gq, dgk fd blesa vkkkjHkwr okLrfodrkvksa dks
udkjk x;k gSA mUgksaus fpark trkrs gq, dgk fd bl fjiksVZ esa Hkkjr
dh laln esa ikfjr 1994 ds izLrko esa Lohr ikfdLrku vfkr
dk'ehj ihvksds dks Hkkjr ds vfHkUu vax lEcUkh Hkkjrh; fLFkfr
dks detksj dj fn;k x;k gSA ;g fjiksVZ bl vkkkj ij rS;kj dh
xbZ gS fd ihvksds {ks= dk iz'kklu ikfdLrku djrk gS vkSj djrk
jgsxk rFkk blesa ihvksds dks ih,ds ikfdLrku iz'kkflr tEew vkSj
dk'ehj ds :i esa mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA
xkSjryc gS fd tEew&d'ehj ds Hkkjr esa foy; ds nkSjku bls
lafokku ds vuqPNsn 370 ds rgr fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ fn;k x;kA
;g vuqPNsn jk"Vh; ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk esa ckkd gSA 'ks"k Hkkjr esa
bl vuqPNsn dks ysdj yksxksa esa xqLlk gSA tcfd bl fjiksVZ eas
67

okrkZdkj bl fo'ks"k ntsZ dks cuk, j[kus dh ckr gh ugha djrs

vfirq blds lkFk yxs ^vLFkk;h* 'kCn dh txg ^fo'ks"k* 'kCn fy[kus
dh Hkh flQkfj'k djrs gSaA ;g fjiksVZ vius gh ns'k esa 'kj.kkFkhZ cus
gq, d'ehjh fganqvksa dh leL;kvksa dks xaHkhjrk ls ugha ysrk] bldk
vanktk blh ckr ls yx tkrk gS fd fjiksVZ ds dqy 176 i`"Bksa esa
dsoy nks i`"B lkexzh Hkh d'ehjh fganqvksa dks ugha nh xbZ gSA blh
rjg tEew&d'ehj esa vkradokn ,d izeq[k pqukSrh gS] ysfdu
okrkZdkjksa us blds rg esa Hkh tkus dh dksf'k'k ugha dh gS vkSj u gh
bls [kRe djus ds fy, dksbZ dkjxj mik; crkrs gSaA
dkaxzsluhr ;wih, ljdkj ds x`gea=ky; }kjk tEew&d'ehj ij
xfBr okrkZdkjksa ds ny us dkaxzsl dh rjg gh <qyewy uhfr;ka cukus
dh flQkfj'k dh gSA bldh pgqavksj vkykspuk gks jgh gSA jk"Voknh
jktuSfrd nyksa ,oa laxBuksa dh vksj cqyan gksrs vkokt dh iz[kjrk
dks ns[krs gq, x`gea=ky; Hkh vc bls Lohdkjus ls fgpd jgh gSA
blls lkQ gS fd tEew&d'ehj leL;k ij vius <qyewy joS;~;s ds
fy, tufo'okl dk dksiHkktu cuh ljdkj vius gkFk ugha tykuk
pkgrhA
D;k gS mn~ns'; \
dsUnzh; x`g ea=ky; }kjk tEew vkSj d'ehj ds fy, rhu
okrkZdkjksa ds ,d ny dk xBuA bl ny dk mn~n's ; Fkk tEew&d'ehj
esa LFkk;h 'kkafr] fLFkjrk vkSj [kq'kgkyh ds fy, lekkku <wa<+ukA
dkSu&dkSu gSa okrkZdkj \
rhu lnL;h; okrkZdkj gSa& ofj"B i=dkj fnyhi iMxkaodj]
f'k{kkfon~ jkkkdqekj vkSj iwoZ dsUnzh; lwpuk vk;qDr ,e-,e- valkjhA
xBu dc gqvk \
13 vDVwcj 2010 dks dsUnzh; x`g ea=ky; us tEew&d'ehj ij
okrkZdkjksa ds ny dk xBu fd;kA
fjiksVZ dc lkSaih \
12 vDVwcj 2011 dks okrkZdkjksa ds ny us dsUnzh; x`g ea=h Jh
ih- fpnEcje dks 176 i`"B dh fjiksVZ lkSaihA
60

fjiksVZ dc lkoZtfud gqbZ \

lkr eghus ckn 24 ebZ 2012 dks ;g fjiksVZ lkoZtfud gqbZA
izeq[k flQkfjksa
 lafokku ds vuqPNsn 370 ds 'kh"kZd vkSj Hkkx XXI ds 'kh"kZd ls
^vLFkk;h* 'kCn gVkukA blds ctk, vuqPNsn 371 egkjk"V
vkSj xqtjkr] vuqPNsn 371&, ukxkyS.M] vuqPNsn 371&ch
vle] vuqPNsn 371&lh ef.kiqj] vuqPNsn 371&Mh vkSj bZ
vkUkz izn's k] vuqPNsn 371&,Q flfDde] vuqPNsn 371&th
fet+ksje] vuqPNsn 371&,p v#.kkpy izns'k] vuqPNsn
371&vkbZ xksok ds vkhu vU; jkT;ksa dh rtZ ij ^fo'ks"k* 'kCn
j[kk tk,A
 jkT;iky ds p;u ds fy, jkT; ljdkj foi{kh ikfVZ;ksa ls
ijke'kZ djds jk"Vifr dks rhu uke Hkstx
s hA vko';d gksus ij
jk"Vifr vfkd lq>ko ekx ldrs gSAa jkT;iky dh fu;qfDr
jk"Vifr }kjk dh tk,xh vkSj og jk"Vifr th dh d`ik ls
inkkj.k djsxkA
 vuqPNsn 356 % orZeku esa jkT;iky dh dkjZokbZ dks mPpre
U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA orZeku O;oLFkk bl
ijUrqd ds lkFk tkjh jg ldrh gS fd jkT;iky jkT; fokkue.My
dks fuyfEcr voLFkk esa j[ksxk vkSj rhu eghus ds Hkhrj u,
pquko djk,xkA
 vuqPNsn 312 % vf[ky Hkkjrh; lsokvksa ls fy, tk jgs vfkdkfj;ksa
dk vuqikr khjs&khjs de fd;k tk,xk vkSj iz'kklfud n{krk
esa #dkoV fcuk jkT; dh flfoy lsok ls fy, tkus okys
vfkdkfj;ksa dh la[;k c<+kbZ tk,xhA
 vaxzt
s h esa xouZj vkSj eq[;ea=h ds uke tSls vkt gSa oSls gh
jgsx
a As mnwZ iz;ksx ds nkSjku mnwZ i;kZ;okph 'kCn bLrseky fd,
tk ldrs gSAa
 rhu {ks=h; ifj"knsa cukuk] tEew] d'ehj vkSj yn~nk[k ds fy,
vyx&vyx yn~nk[k vkxs ls d'ehj dk ,d e.My ugha
69

jgsxkA mUgsa dqN fokk;h] dk;Zdkjh vkSj fokh; 'kfDr;ka nh

tk,aA lexz iSdt
s ds Hkkx ds :i esa iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa dks
jkT; ds Lrj ij] xzke iapk;r] uxj&ikfydk ifj"kn ;k fuxe
ds Lrj ij dk;Zdkjh vkSj fokh; 'kfDr;ka Hkh nsuh gksx
a hA ;s lc
fudk; fuokZfpr gksx
a As efgykvks]a vuqlfw pr tkfr@tutkfr]
fiNM+s oxksZa vkSj vYila[;dksa ds izfrfufkRo ds fy, izkokku
gksaxsA
 fokk;d insu lnL; gksx
a ]s ftUgsa ernku dk vfkdkj gksxkA
 laln jkT; ds fy, dksbZ dkuwu rc rd ugha cuk,xh tc rd
bldk laca k ns'k dh vkarfjd vkSj ckgjh lqj{kk ls vkSj blds
egRoiw.kZ vkfFkZd fgr] fo'ks"kr% tkZ vkSj ty lalkkuksa dh
miyfCk ds ekeyksa ls u gksA
 iwoZ 'kkgh fj;klr ds lc Hkkxksa esa ;s ifjoZru leku :i ls ykxw
gksus pkfg,A fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkj&ikj lg;ksx ds fy, lc
voljksa dks c<+kok fn;k tkuk pkfg,A blds fy, ikfdLrku
fu;af=r tEew vkSj d'ehj esa i;kZIr lkafokkfud ifjorZu
vko;d gksx
a As
 lc d'ehfj;ks]a eq[;r% iafMrksa fgUnw vYila[;d dh jkT;
uhfr ds Hkkx ds rkSj ij okilh lqfufpr djukA
 fu;a=.k js[kk ds vkjikj yksxks]a oLrqvksa o lsokvksa dh vkoktkgh
dh [kqyh NwV feysA
 lsuk o v)ZlSfud cyksa dh la[;k ?kVkbZ tk, vkSj mUgsa feys
fo'ks"kkfkdkj okil fy, tk,aA
 ckrphr esa vyxkookfn;ks]a vkradokfn;ksa o ikfdLrku lesr
lHkh i{kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk,A

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