COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.

10m)
DATA:

Unit weight of backfill soil

Safe bearing capacity of soil

=
=
=
=
=

Angle of internal friction

Angle of wall friction
Angle of back face of wall with vertical
Slope of earthfill
Unit weight of concrete

Calculation of horizontal and vertical seismic co-efficient

Since the relevant code dealing with the provision of seismic design of retaining wall is still under
revision the data provided in the IS: 1893:2002 Part I is referred for relevant seismic data.
The calculation of the horizontal seismic coefficient is calculated as

S
Z
I

a
2
R
g

where, = h Horizontal seismic coefficient

Z = Seismic Zone factor
I = Importance factor
R = Response reduction factor
and

Sa
=
g

Spectral acceleration coefficient or flexibility factor

Seismic Zone of area

=
Z, Seismic Zone factor
=
I , Importance factor
=
R, Response reduction factor
=
The solid retaining wall is almost rigid and no differential displacement shall take place in the
wall during seismic acceleration. Hence the wall is taken as zero period structure and the spectral
acceleration coefficient of the wall is taken as 1.00.
Hence Sa/g
Putting the values in Eq. 1
h =(0.26x1x1)/(2x1.5)
The vertical acceleration coefficient

=
=

2
h
3

Calculation of active pressure coefficient under seismic condition:

Adopting the method prescribed in IS: 1893: 1984 the dynamic active pressure coefficient is
given by the equation
2

ca

(1 v ) cos ( )
*
cos .cos 2 .cos( )

1
sin( ) sin( i )

cos( i ) cos( )

1
2

2
COUNTERFORT RETAINING
WALLL
NO.
11(HEIGHT
11.10m)
(1 v ) cos ( )
1
ca
*

2
cos .cos .cos( )
sin( ) sin( i )
1

cos( i ) cos( )

Putting the values of soil properties and seismic coefficients we calculate

tan 1

h
1 v

= (Corresponding to +v ) =tan-1
Cos( ) =Cos
Cos( + + )
Cos
Cos
Sin( + ) =
Sin( i )
Cos( i)

0.09/(1+0.06)

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

(35-4.85-0)

Ca

Co-efficient of active earth pressure under static conditions

cos i

Ka

cos i

cos 2 i cos 2

cos 2 i cos 2

cos

Ka

Proportioning of Wall Components

The height of the wall above the base = H
Base width, b = 0.6 H to 0.7 H i.e.
Take Base width, L
Toe Projection =b/4
Provide Toe Projection
Thickness of stem slab =0.06H
Provide thickness of stem slab
Thickness of stem slab at top
Spacing of counterfort,

H
L 3.5

Provide spacing of counterforts

Assume thickness of counterforts
C/C spacing of counterfort
Thickness of base slab shall be nearly
i) 4.17.l H cm
80.56 cm

4.32 m

to

5.04 m
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.25

=
=
=
=
=
=

1
2

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

4.17.l H cm
ii) 2.l.Hcm
Provide thickness of base slab
Length of heal slab

50.40 cm

=
=
=

Calculation of pressures
Active pressure
Dynamic pressure

Pa

1
K a . s H 2
2

Pe

1
Ca . s H 2
2

Dynamic increment
Horizontal Component Active Pressure, =Pa.cos (i )=

=
126.44xcos0=

Vertical Component of Active Pressure,=Pa.sin (i )

126.44xsin0=

Horizontal Component of Dynamic increment=Pe.cos(i)

31.11xcos0=

Vertical Component of dynamic increment=Pe.sin(i)

126.44xsin0=

Horizontal componemnt of active pressure wil act at H/3 from base and horizontal component of dynamic increme
from base
Check Stability of wall
0.50
2.00
0.00

5.7

3
H'=

7.20

3.50
1.50

3.50

2.8

O
L=9
2.00
Proportion of retaining wall
Calculation of weight
Section 1
Distance of C.G. From 'O' in horizontal direction
0.5x(2-2)x(7.2-2.8)x2/3(2-2)+2x(7.2-2.8)x(3.5+(2-2)+(2/2)
0.5x(2-2)x(7.2-2.8)+(2x(7.2-2.8))
Distance of C.G. From 'O' in vertical direction
0.5x(2-2)x(7.2-2.8)x(1+(1/3(7.2-2.8))+2x(7.2-2.8)x(2.8+1/2(7.2-2.8))
0.5x(2-2)x(7.2-2.8)+(2x(7.2-2.8))
Section 2
Distance of C.G. From 'O' in horizontal direction=
9/2

=
=

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

Distance of C.G. From 'O' in vertical direction=
Section 3: (Weight of soil)
=3.5x(7.2-2.8)x18
Distance of C.G. from O=9-(3.5/2)

=
=
=

Section 4 (Weight of triangular portion of soil)

=0.5x0x3.5x18
Distance of C.G. from O=
9-(1/3x3.5)

=
=

Calculation of overturning moment about toe of the wall i.e. point 'O'
Sr. No.

1
2
3
4

Description

Vertical
Weight,

Static Conditions
Active pressure,Pa cosi
Seismic condition
Section 1
Section 2
Dynamic pressure

Horizontal
force kN

126.43
220.00
630.00

Total

850.00

19.80
56.70
31.10
234.03

Calculation of resisting moments about toe of the wall i.e. point 'O'
Sr. No.

Description

Vertical Weight,

Static Condition
1
Section 1
2
Section 2
3
Section 3
4
Section 4

220.00
630.00
277.20
0.00
Total

Factor of safety against overturning =

1127.20
()/
()

=5834.7/593.79

Co-efficient of friction of soil and wall at base

Take value of
W

Factor of safety against sliding=

Net Moment M=
let x be the distance from toe where the resultant R acts,

tan

=
=
=
=
=

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

x=M/W
Eccenticity ,e

=
`

x
2

=
No Tension will Occour

Maximum pressure at toe

Minimum pressure at heel

6e
1 L

=1127.2/9(1+6x-0.15/9)=

6e
1 L

=1127.2/9(1-6x-0.15/9)=

0.00

O
x

b/2
137.73

112.76
122.47

128.02

Intensity of pressure at junction of stem i.e. under B

PB
=137.73+(112.77-137.73)x5.5/9
Intensity of pressure at junction of stem with heel. i.e. under C
PC
=137.73+(112.77-137.73)x3.5/9
Design of Toe Slab
Grade of concrete
Moment factore Ru for
Strength of Concrete
Strength of Steel
Intensity of pressure at B
Neglecting the weight of soil above toe slab, the forces acting on toe slab are
i) Downward weight of toe slab

=
M20
fck

fy

=
=

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

ii) Upward soil pressure on lengtn AB
Moment at 'B
=122.48x3.5^2/2+(112.77-122.48)x3.5(2/3x3.5)
-0x3.5x2.8x3.5/2
Factored Moment
=1.5x242.1
Depth required ,

Mu
Ru b

Depth Provided

Ast

Area of steel required =

0.5 f ck
4.6 M u
1 1

fy
f ck bd 2

bd

Minimum area of steel required

=0.12x1000x2760/100
Use Dia of Bar
Spacing required
=201x1000/3312
Provide Spacing

=
=
=
=

Area of steel provided

=
Provide 16mm dia bars @150 C/C
Check for Shear
Since the soil pressure induce compression in the wall, the critical section for shear is taken at a distance d from fa
Intensity of pressure at a distance

2760 from face of support

=137.73+(112.77-137.73)x(5.5+2.76)/9
Net Vertical Shear= Shear due to pressure varying from
minus shear due to downward force of slab in length of
=114.82+112.77x0.74/2-(25x2.8x0.74)
Factored shear force
Shear stress,
Pt

Vu
bd

114.81
0.74 m

=
to
=
=
=

=100x1340/1000x2760

Shear Strength of concrete,

=
No Shear Reinforcement Required

No. of legs of vertical stirrups

Dia of stirrups
Area of stirrups, Asv
Spacing of stirrups required

=
=
=
Sv

0.87. f y . Asv .d
(Vu Vc )

Provide spacing
Provide 12mm dia single legged ties @200 C/C bothways

Design of Heel Slab

The heel slab is designed as a continuous slab supported on counterforts. The downward force will be maximum
slab where intensity of soil pressure is minimum.

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

Consider 1 m wide strip near the outer edge D
The forces acting near the edge are
i) Downward weight of soil of height
ii) Downward wieght of heel slab
iii) Upward soil pressure intensity at D
Net Pressure, P
p.L2
Maximum moment = M
12

=
=
=
=
=

Factored Moment

Ast

Area of steel required =

0.5 f ck
fy

1 1

4.6 M u
bd
f ck bd 2

Minimum area of steel required

=0.12x1000x2760/100
Use Dia of Bar
Spacing required
=113x1000/3312
Provide Spacing

=
=
=
=

Area of steel provided

Provide 12mm dia bars @200 C/C

Check for Shear

Maximum shear force
Factored shear force
Shear stress,
Pt

=
Vu
bd
=100x565/1000x2760

Shear Strength of concrete,

Distribution steel
Ast on each face
Use Dia of Bar
Spacing required
Provide Spacing

=
=
=
No Shear Reinforcement Required

=0.12x1000x2760/2x100

=
=
=
=

=113x1000/1656

Area of steel provided

Provide 12mm dia bars @200 C/C on each face

Design of Stem (Vertical Slab)

The stem acts as a continuous slab spanning between the counterforts. It issubjected to linearly varying earth press
maximum intensity at bottom.Consider 1 m wide strip at bottom of stem at C.
Earth pressure at bottom of stem slab
Horizontal component of earth pressure
Moment,
2
Maximum moment = M w.L
12

=0.34x18x(7.2-2.8)

=
=
=

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

w.L2
M
12
Factored Moment
Effective depth of stem slab
Area of steel required =

=
=
Ast

0.5 f ck
4.6 M u
1 1
bd
fy
f ck bd 2

Minimum area of steel required

=0.12x1000x/100
Use Dia of Bar
Spacing required
=201x1000/2328
Provide Spacing

=
=
=
=

Area of steel provided

Provide 16mm dia bars @200 C/C
Distribution steel
Ast on each face
=0.12x1000x452.38934211693/2x100
Use Dia of Bar
Spacing required
=113x1000/271.44
Provide Spacing

Area of steel provided

Provide 12mm dia bars @200 C/C on each face

=
=
=
=

Design of Counterfort
Thickness of counterfort is 2000mm .The counterforts are provided at 3m C/C.They are subjected to earth pressur
reaction from the heel slab
At any section at any depth h below the top E the horizontal earth pressure acting upon the counterfort
Pressure intensity at base
=
Total Moment at base
=0.5x26.75x4.4x3x4.4/3
=
Factored Moment
=
Depth required ,

Mu
Ru b

=
' =(90-54.47)
35.54

Available depth
3.50

=5.5/tan(35.54)=

7.70

7.20
=54.47
d
3.00

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

O
3.00
5.50

Depth available
=(7.2+3.5-2.8)xsin '-70
Area of steel required =

Ast

0.5 f ck
4.6 M u
1 1
bd
fy
f ck bd 2

tan
=

=
' =
sin '
=
=
4522>>530.45
=

Minimum area of steel required

Use Dia of Bar
No. of bars required
Bars Provided

=
=
=
=

Area of steel provided

Provide 20mm dia bars

Design of horizontal ties

Due to horizontal earth pressure, the vertical stem has a tendency of separating out from the counterforts, Hence it
it by horizontal ties.
=

The direct pull by the wall on counterfort for 1 m height

Area of steel required to resist direct pull

No. of legs of strirrups
Dia of stirrups
Area of stirrups, Asv
Spacing of stirrups required,
Provide spacing of Stirrups

80.23/0.87fy

Asv

=
=
=
=
=
=

Provide 12mm dia two legged stirrrups @200 C/C

Design of Vertical ties
Due to net vertical down ward force acting on the base slab, it has a tendency to separate out from the counterfort.
by providing vertical ties.
The maximum
pull will
Consider
one meter
stripbe exerted at the end of heel slab where the net downward force
Total downward force at D

Area of steel required to resist direct pull

No. of legs of strirrups
Dia of stirrups
Area of stirrups, Asv

=
=
=
=

Spacing of stirrups required,

Provide spacing of Stirrups

Asv

=34.42/0.87fy

=
=

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

Provide 12mm dia two legged stirrrups @200 C/C

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

18.00 kN/m3
250.00 kN/m2
35.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
25.00 kN/m3

till under
a.

Zone
Eq. 1

IV
0.26
1.00
1.50

n the
spectral
1.00
0.09

0.09

0.06

0.06

t is

i )

zone factor

1
2

II
III

0.10
0.16

IV
V

0.26
0.34

COUNTERFORT
RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

1
i ) 2

4.85
0.86
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.57
0.50
1.00
0.338

0.27

7.2 m
9.00 m
2.25 m
3.50 m
0.43 m
2.00 m
2.00 m
2.78 m
3.000 m
0.50 m
3.500 m
0.81 m

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

0.50 m
2.80 m
3.50 m

126.43 kN/m
157.53 kN/m
31.10 kN/m
126.43 kN/m
0.00 kN/m
31.10 kN/m
0.00 kN/m

onent of dynamic increment will act at H/2

220.00 kN
4.50

5.00 m
630.00 kN
4.50 m

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

1.40 m
277.20 kN
7.25 m

0.00 kN
7.83 m

Lever arm

Overturning
moment

2.40

303.44

5.00
1.40
3.60

99.00
79.38
111.96

MO=

593.78

Lever arm Overturning

moment

4.50
4.50
7.25
7.83

990.00
2835.00
2009.70
0.00

MR=

5834.70

9.83 SAFE
0.70
0.55
2.65 SAFE
5240.92 kNm

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

4.65 m
-0.15

cour
112.76 kN/m2
O.K.
137.73 kN/m2

PH

122.47 kN/m2
128.02 kN/m2

M20
2.76
20 kN/m2
415 kN/m2
122.47 kN/m2

M20
M25

2.76
3.45

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

242.09 kNm
363.14 kNm
362.73 mm
2760.00 mm
OK
365.60 mm2
3312.00 mm2
16 mm
60.69 mm
150 mm

201.06

1340 mm2

en at a distance d from face of stem.

114.81 kN/m2
112.76 kN/m2
(3.5-2.76)
58.30 kN
87.45 kN
0.03 N/mm2
0.05
0.17 N/mm2
4
12.00 mm
452.39 mm2
-1166.15 mm
200

mm

d force will be maximum at the edge of the

47.83

47.83

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

79.20 kN/m
70.00 kN/m
137.73 kN/m
11.47 kN/m
11.71 kNm
17.57 kNm

17.64 mm2
3312.00 mm2
12 mm
34.12 mm
200 mm

113.10

565 mm2

1.38 kN
2.07 kN
0.00 N/mm2
0.02
0.11 N/mm2
113.44
1656.00 mm2
12 mm
68.24 mm
200 mm
565 mm2

nearly varying earth pressure having

26.74 kN/m
26.74 kN/m
20.06 kNm

113.10

113.44

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

30.08 kNm
1940.00 mm
948.70 mm2
201.06
2328.00 mm
16 mm
86.34 mm
200 mm

1005 mm2

271.43 mm2
12 mm
416.31 mm
200 mm
565 mm2

subjected to earth pressure and downward

e counterfort
26.74 kN/m
258.86 kNm
388.29 kNm
530.44 mm

113.10

2>>530.45

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)

1.40
54.46
35.54
0.58
4522 mm
OK
238.48 mm2
4630.74 mm2
20 mm
0.76
5
1570 mm2

he counterforts, Hence it should be tied to

80.23 kN

222.20 mm2
2.00
12.00
mm
226.19
mm2
1017.97 mm
200.00
mm

out from the counterfort. This is prevented

34.42 kN
108.21 mm2
2.00
12 mm
226.19 mm2
2090.36 mm2
200 mm

314.16

COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLL NO. 11(HEIGHT 11.10m)