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METERIALS REQUIRED:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ammeter (0-2.5A) MI
1NO
Ammeter (0-15A)MI
1NO
Volt meter (0-250v)
1no
Voltmeter (0-50v) MI
1NO
Wattmeter (150V,5A,LPF) 1NO
Wattmeter (150V,15A,UPF) 1NO
THEORY:The purpose of the OC test to determine the no load loss (core loss) at rated voltage and
frequency. Shunt branch parameters of equalent circuit r0&x0 and the no load current of the
transformer on winding of the transformer. In the open circuit test the primary load current is very
small(2.6% of rated current )copper loss is negligibly small in the primary and is nil in the
secondary is opened. The equalent circuit parameters r0&xo referred to LV side can be calculated
from the test result.
The no load power loss, Pi=V0*I0*COS 0
COS0=Pi/V0*I0
Magnetising component of I0 =Im=I0SIN 0
Energy component of I0=Ie=I0COS 0
The noload resistance R0=V0/Ie and the no load reactance X0= V0/Im
These values can be transferred to hv side as
SC Test is to conduct for determining the full load copper loss and the equalent resistance and
resistance of the transformer as refferd to the metering side. In this test one winding usually LV
side is solidly short circuited and a low voltage (2-12% of primary voltage ) is applied to the HV
side such that rated current flows through the winding since applied voltage is very low ,iron
losses are very small and may be neglected. Hence the wattmeter shows the full load copper loss
Pcu for the bwhole transformer. If VSC is the voltage required to circulate the rated current I2(KVA X
1000/V1) Then the equavalent circuit parameters can be found as Z02=VSC/I2 and R02=PCu
Then X02= + These parameters can be transferred to the LV side as
R2=R2(V2/V1)2 and X2=X2(V2/V1)2 secondary side R02 and X02 the regulation at any PF and loading
factor(x) can be predetermind as regulation= XI2(R02 COS 0+- X02 SIN 0)/V2 Where (+) for lagging
and(-) for leading power factors) from the full load copper loss and iron loss the efficiency at any
loading factor and pf can be pre determind as
.
Efficiency= ++
PROCEDURE:OC TEST
1. Collect the materials for the given work.
2. Connection are done as shown in connection diagram.
3. Keep auto transformer at zero position.
4. Adjust the auto transformer up to rated voltage.
5. Take voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter reading.
PROCEDURE:SC TEST
1. Collect the materials for the given work.
2. Connection are done as shown in connection diagram.
3. Keep auto transformer at zero position.
4. Adjust the auto transformer up to rated current
MODEL CALCULATION
OC TEST
=
=
=
==
= (
Wattles component
Magnetizing component
SC TEST
X0=X0 x K2
=
=
=
Zsc=Vsc/Isc
= /
Xsc= ( )
Z02=Vsc/ISC
R02=PCU/ISC2
X02= +
These values can be transferred in to LV
R01=R02/K2
X01=X02/K2
Sl no
Load
Output(Watt) Wi(watt)
Wcx(watt)
Input
%efficiency
Sl No
cos
sin
% Regulation
Procedure:OC Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SC Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
RESULT:-Conducted the OC and SC test on the given single phase transformer and predetrermine
the following
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
METERIALS REQUIRED:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ammeter (0-15A) MI
Voltmeter (0-150v) MI
Wattmeter (300v,15A,upf)
Ammeter (0-5A) MI
Voltmeter (0-250v) MI
Wattmeter (300v,30A,upf)
1NO
1NO
1NO
1NO
1NO
1NO
THEORY:In this test the efficiencies and regulation are detrermind by direct loading of the given single
phase transformer . this test is very often carried out in practice excepting for small sizes ,owing to
the difficulty of obtaining a suitable load and the loss of power involved.
When ever a transformer is loaded its secondary terminal voltage changes with increased load ,if
the supplied primary voltage is held constent.the change in secondary voltage from no load to full
load expressed ias percentage of no load voltage is known a voltage is known as voltage regulatin
of a transformer (ie, secondary voltage at noload secondary voltage at full load)
(the
PROCEDURE:1.
2.
3.
4.
I1 in
Amps
V1 in
volts
W in
watts
I2 in
Amps
V2 in
volts
Input
in
watts
Output=V2xI2 %efficiency %
Regulation
CALCULATION
Output=V2xI2.
Input= W
/
%efficiency= / x100.
Regulation=
x100.
RESULT:Load test on single phase transformer is conducted and efficiency and regulation curve were
plotted.
3.SWIMBERNS TEST
AIM:Conduct no load test on dc shunt motor and [predetermine the efficiency of the machine under
the following working conditions.
a)machine working as a generator
b) Machine working as a motor
c) plot efficiency vs output
MACHINE DETAILS:-
METERIALS REQUIRED:1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Ammeter
Ammeter
voltmeter
voltmeter
Rheostat
Rheostat
Tachometer
0-5A MC
0-3A MC
0-300v MC
0-30v MC
100,5A
370,1.1A
2NO
1NO
1NO
1NO
1NO
1NO
1NO
THEORY:This is a no load test to determine the losses of the machine. the losses in the motors are
Iron loss or core losses, frictional losses, windage losses, arm copper losses
Work as generator
Efficiency=
Work as motor
Efficiency =
PROCEDURE:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
TABULATION
Si
Voltage V
no
(in volts)
AMPS
AMPS
= +
AS MOTOR:
Sl No
Fraction
of load(X)
Voltage(v)
Current Ia
in Amps
o/p
power
efficiency
Voltage(v)
Current Ia
in Amps
o/p
power
efficiency
AS GENERATOR
Sl No
Fraction
of load(X)
CALCULATIUON:
Constant losses Wc= V ( Iao+ Ish)-IaoRa.
AS MOTOR:
I/p power=F.L o/p Power+IaRa+Wc.,O/p power= V , =Ia+ Ish.
Total loss= IaRa+Wc.
O/p=I/p-Losses.
/
Efficiency= / x100.
AS GENERATOR:
Full load o/p power=Vx .
I/p=o/p+ losses.
/
%efficiency= / x100.
RESULT Efficiency of the DC shunt machine when work as
1)Motor
MACHINE DETAILS:
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1) Voltmeter
2) Ammeter
3) Tachometer
0-250V(MC)
0-15A(MC)
1No
1 No
THEORY:
In series motor the torque is directly proportional to armature current. Speed N is
proportional to Ed/. In a series motor the field carries same current as the armature ie,
Ia. The series motor cannot be started without load.
Toque= (S1-S2)xgr
Output=
Input=VI.
/
%efficiency= / x100.
TABULATION:
Sl
N
o
Voltage(V
)
Speed(RPM
)
Spring balance
S
1
S
2
S1~s
2
CALCULATION:
V= ..
Speed,N=.
Spring balance, S1=.
S2=..
Torque,T= (s1~s2)rg,
g= 9.8
Output=
%efficiency= / x100.
Torque
=
(S1s2)rg
Output(W
)
Input(W
)
Efficiency(%
)
PROCEDURE:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
RESULT:
The load test on series motor is conducted and plotted the graphs.
MACHINE DETAILS:
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Voltmeter 0-250V(MC)
Ammeter 0-15A(MC)
Ammeter 0-3A (MC)
Rheostat 500,3A
Tachometer
1No
1 No
1No
1No
THEORY:
A load test is direct method,and this method is used only for small motors, because in the case
of large motors it is difficult to dissipate large amount of heat generation
Toque= (S1-S2)xgr
Output=
Input=VI.
/
%efficiency= / x100.
TABULATION:
Sl
N
o
Voltage(V)
Speed
(RPM)
Ish
Ia
IL=I
a+
Ish
CALCULATION:
V= ..
Speed,N=.
Spring balance, S1=.
S2=..
Torque,T= (s1~s2)rg,
g= 9.8
Output=
%efficiency= / x100.
Spring balance
S1
S2
S1~s2
Torque
=
(S1s2)rg
Outp
ut(W
)
Input(W
)
Efficien
cy(%)
PROCEDURE:
1) Connections are made as per diagram.
2) Rheostat kept in min. position
4) Start the motor using 4 point starter
5)Note the meter readings
6) Vary the spring balance at different load.
7) Note the corresponding readings.
8) Tabulate the reading and plot the graph.
RESULT:
The load test on shunt motor is conducted and plotted the graphs.
... K= E /E
2
Transformation ratio=
I =
Sl No
Prim V/m
reading E1
Sec V/m
reading E2
Turns ratio
Transf.
ratio =K