HCTM 3

HERITAGE AND CULTURAL TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

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Professor
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City, State
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HERITAGE AND CULTURAL TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED

KINGDOM
One of the fastest growing sectors of the world economy currently is tourism.
Through the search of recreational pleasure, individuals move from one place to another
looking for activities that would satisfy their needs. The recreational pleasure obtained from
tourism include travelling for fun, hobbies, visiting friends and families, learning about
historical events, art and music as well as interest in other peoples cultural heritage. Tourism
with the aim of learning about culture and heritage of a nation is the most popular currently.
The paper will look at the significance of culture and heritage administration and its function
in the travel and tourism industry. When considering culture and heritage, United Kingdom
is among the best destinations ranking 5th out of 50 top nations. Because of its contribution
to the growth of the countrys economy, culture and heritage is imperative to the UK and
offers over 100,000 jobs countrywide.
TASK 1: UNDERSTAND THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE
HERITAGE AND CULTURAL INDUSTRY WITHIN TRAVEL AND TOURISM
P 1.1 Analyse the Growth and Development of the UK Heritage and Cultural Industry
Culture and heritage mostly involve the aspects that include history, living culture as
well as the ethical significance of a place. These have chipped in towards stability, pride in
addition to the economic growth and development of the United Kingdom (Ruban, 2015).
The country comprises of several places of culture and heritage significance, which include
Roman Empire in Germany, Buckingham Palace, Stonehenge, castles and museums, and
many other places. Because of these important places, the government and industries
collaborate in preserving them and ensure they are growing and developing with time. For
example, several government bodies and private agencies have taken the responsibility for
resolving issues associated with particular places and their growth and development (Ruban,
2015). Moreover, through research, appropriate planning has been undertaken leading to the
success of such sites regarding tourism while thwarting the threats by controlling weaknesses.

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Finally, the authorities both regional and local have supported travel and tourism in the UK
by bringing strategy into action.
These united efforts with local objectives have assisted in expanding culture and
heritage in the tourism sector in the country. Moreover, the efforts have led to the expansion
of capacities and assets to accomplish the goals thoroughly (Brooks, 2015). London got
sponsorship, for many decades, of the most prominent sporting event, that is, Olympic Games
that has resulted to visiting by many people across the globe. During such sports events,
individuals survey to determine the places they can visit. In the recent past, one of the major
events of Queens Diamond Jubilee occurred leading to the construction and renovation of all
important historical places. The incident resulted in the advancement of locations as well as
improving the travel and tourism sector in the UK (Brooks, 2015). Many, people in the last
few decades have visited the United Kingdom as audiences to events such as the London
Olympics, Royal Baby, Queens Diamond Jubilee and many more. All these occasions have
historical significance and hence tied to culture and heritage of the country (Kennel, 2013).
Therefore, these cultural and heritage significant activities boost travel and tourism in the
country by attracting a large number of individuals across the world.
P 1.2 Discuss Potential Conflicts in the Conservation of Heritage and Cultural
Resources Using the Case Study of Lhasa, Tibet
There has been a hot debate for a long time regarding the cultural and heritage
tourism sector concerning the conservation versus access to the attraction destinations.
Therefore, there are potential conflicts that arise when the two are considered. Two elements
exist for the sector, where on one side; the industry is regarded as an excellent source of
income for the economy of the country while on the other one, with the growing number of
visitors, there are some unfavourable impacts on several attraction sites. Hence, there are
requirements of some solutions so that these locations can be well managed and the revenue
generation by these destinations be enhanced. Profit generation by the sector that plays a
paramount role in the economic development must be improved while ensuring that there are

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no unpleasant impacts on the sites where high numbers of visitors tour (Brooks, 2015).
Various stakeholders including global community, agencies, local people, and visitors in the
cultural and heritage tourism, that deal in the growth and development of such sites and
tourism package.
Concerning the conflicts that arise regarding access versus conservation, the case
study regarding the modification and development of the town of Lhasa in Tibet is used. All
the stake holders should be considered to understand the potential conflicts that arise where
the London-based free Tibet has come up with a movement to reject the development versus
the Chinese government attempt to renovate the attraction sites. Therefore, looking at the case
study, Lhasa is one of the most populous heritage and tourism destinations in the world
because of its uniqueness. Hence, the conflicts arise from the fact that the developers are
eyeing the economic advantages that can be generated from the site. However, the local
communities and the London-based free Tibet initiative fear that the developers are the
only stakeholders that will benefit from these activities. Hence, this can be termed as the
exploitation of the people who are supposed to be the main beneficiaries. The hotels such as
the Resort Lhasa Paradise, renovated parks and other income generating sources in the site
will mostly benefit the shareholders while the local communities on the other end will only
gain small advantages (Brooks, 2015). Another source of conflict that arises in the case study
is that although the local communities and the campaign are pro-conservation, the revenue
that will be generated by increased tourism after the site renovation will be lost if access to
the attraction is prevented. Moreover, the act of preventing individuals from visiting the sites
can result to people forgetting their culture. Further, it is possible that increased number of
tourists every year will lead to the damage of the objects in these sites through wear and tear,
however, through proper conservation by use of technology and scientific methods, the sites
can be maintained.

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The best opinion to the solution of these conflicts is that the Chinese government and
the local communities must come together and make a choice where all the stakeholders must
benefit. Moreover, the use of the modern technology will be very useful since it ensures that
there will be conservation as well access to the sites. This will end the conflicts as well as
ensuring that the local people and international tourist have the access to the culture and
history of Tibet.

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TASK 2: UNDERSTAND THE PURPOSE OF HERITAGE AND CULTURAL

ATTRACTIONS WITHIN THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM SECTOR
The culture and heritage travel and tourism industry have the goal of ensuring people
visit places connected to historical events, persons as well as the history and stories of such
people. Moreover, themes, routes, celebrations and festivals are also included. Moreover, for
a region like the United Kingdom that has many culture and heritage attractions, the main
purpose is to generate revenue, availing employment opportunities as well as improving the
countrys reputation through tourism activities.
P2.1 Assess the Purpose of Heritage and Cultural Attractions in Meeting the Needs of
Different Customers
The purpose with which visitors travel from all over the world to the United
Kingdoms historic sites can be illustrated by the consideration of two museums. These are
the Natural History Museum and the British Museum. The former is a home of scientific
specimens involving over eighty million objects that are collected in areas including zoology,
botany, palaeontology, entomology as well as mineralogy (Calver & Page, 2013). Hence, this
museum is renowned across the globe for education and research purposes where researchers
and students visit every year to study and complete their research. The museum is very
significance since it has vast collections of specimens including the ones that were used by
Charles Darwin (Vincent, 2014). On the other hand, the British Museum is dedicated to
culture and human history as well as art and is located in London in an area known as
Bloomsbury. It houses over eight million items and hence is one of the largest and allinclusive museums of its type. Moreover, the objects in the museum originate from all over
the world and hence it is very suitable for education and research concerning heritage and
culture. Apart from offering opportunities for students and researchers both scientists and
historians to gain knowledge through visiting such sites, other people including children and
adults also enjoy their tours since it offers information about the past as well as being a form
of amusement and entertainment.

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Looking at the market segmentation of the customers for the culture and heritage
travel and tourism in the region, one can notice that it is divided into three main segments.
They include personal clients, groups of people travelling together as well as groups of
individuals touring together and having a common interest. Individual customers visiting the
attraction sites have an aim of recreation, research, or education reasons (Vincent, 2014). On
the other hand, the group travelling together might be because they moved together for the
reasons of cost effectiveness. Finally, the third segment, people travelling together and having
the same interest, may be visiting for research or education.
The primary target of market subdivision for the two museums includes the students
and other people who visit for education, research, gaining knowledge, and leisure and
enjoyment concerning the United Kingdoms culture and heritage. The museums are very
busy throughout the year since there are millions of visitors visiting each museum annually.
Most of the visits to the UK are for leisure, but this is connected to heritage and culture.
Cultural and leisure travel and tourism comprise over 10 million visits in the UK. The
connection between recreation and heritage tours is seen through the fact that 40 percent and
above of the people who visit the region for leisure visit cultural and heritage attraction sites.
Therefore, culture and heritage travel and tourism in the UK play a great role in the
generation of income in the tourism sector.
The visitors are satisfied with the background of the two museums regarding
enjoyment, information and knowledge gathering concerning historical events and objects,
education, research, fun and many more. During the tour, the consumers have the chances of
gathering data of various objects in a chronological way in addition to scientific information
regarding such objects like monuments and machines (Leslie & Sigala, 2005). Since the
museums permit individuals to meet their leisure requirements, the visitors can use
celebration moments with friends and families during the tour. In agreement with this point

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of view, the monuments are therefore considered to be the sources of research projects where
one can complete a whole study by gathering the needed data about them during the visit.

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TASK 3: UNDERSTAND ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES AND OWNERSHIP OF

ORGANIZATION IN THE HERITAGE AND CULTURAL INDUSTRY
The ownership of the cultural and heritage property is vital for the maintenance and
increased generation of revenue. An attraction site, which has proper management, attracts a
large number of visitors touring the place. Moreover, the site is well maintained and
conserved in that all the objects and structures are in good shape. There exist two kinds of
ownership of structures in this sector in the UK. These are public ownership and the publicprivate partnership structures. The heritage and culture attraction locations that are financed
by public organization involve maintenance, marketing as well as protection practices from
the government bodies. On the other hand, the public, private partnership arrangement, the
responsibilities and roles are segmented in that each involved party has responsibilities for
certain activities.
P3.1 Evaluate the Impact of Different Types of Ownership on the Management of
Heritage and Cultural Sites
As stated earlier, the two major types of structures concerning ownership are the
public-private partnership and the public ownership. The public-private partnership
abbreviated as PPP, for instance, the Woodland Trust while the examples of publicly
administered structures are Nature England in addition to English Heritage in the United
Kingdom (Salazar, 2012). These structures are responsible for the management of the cultural
and heritage attraction locations.
The challenges that are faced by each of the structures concerning management are
what the elements that create the difference between the two. Because of the challenges faced
it is, therefore, vital to have necessary funding for the sites management, creativity, lack of
entrepreneurial spirit as well as the degree of accountability and duty assignment. The issues
connected with subsidies are what the public financed organization face (Calver & Page,
2013). Therefore, since the PPP mainly faced the funding problems, it is to suggest solution
since finances can be attained via numerous sources to manage the sites and improve the

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generation of revenue. The elements of entrepreneurial spirit and creativeness may be

enhanced by the administration of the heritage and cultural attraction locations through
expansion of PPP as gaps can be handled correctly and profit generation can be achieved via
efficient means.
For a while now, it is observable that the changing population pattern and the growth
of new travel and tourism attraction sites have resulted to decreased charm for these
destinations. Therefore, the function of the public-private partnership ownership is very
significant in these circumstances where via efficient marketing to create tourist awareness
can be developed to ensure that the number of clients visiting these sites is enhanced.
Moreover, the local people have lost trust with the public funded destinations; hence, the
growth and development of the PPP for the administration of the cultural and heritage
destinations would result to the re-development of understanding and common trust.
Moreover, the impacts of these different types of ownership can be recognized
regarding the political point of view where it is clear that the heritage sites managed by the
government are much safeguarded. Regular projects are carried out with the help of imported
expertise from other countries. On the other hand, the projects that are controlled by
institutions perform better than the others (Salazar, 2012). For example, the monument sites
in Kosovo are doing very well and have the support of both the government and
organizations because of good performance. Public-private partnership arrangement for
managing of the tourism sites would be unique about offering education and training for a
variety of stakeholders who are engaged in the practice of controlling such sites. An efficient
structure can be extended in the PPP because of efficient responsibility assignment practices.
The principal advantage of defining the responsibility and role of the locations would concern
the improved profitability as well as the conservation of the destinations.
3.2 Analyse Functions and Responsibilities of Organizations in the Heritage and
Cultural Industry

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The current context can be used to analyse the duties and responsibilities that are
included in the cultural and heritage tourism sector. For instance, the department of culture in
addition to the Woodland Trust have been chosen for the situation. It is a charitable trust in
which the key aim for the structure is to preserve the natural environments. The finance need
for such an organization is planned through various sources including donations, charity as
well as membership fees (Leslie & Sigala, 2005). Since Woodland it is among some of the
popular brands in the industry, it depends on the capability to persuade individuals to
contribute towards the function of the Woodland Trust. With the consideration of the
situation, the government bodies and like-minded companies in the region can be the key
influence.
Moreover, the department of culture is another good example included in the
administration of these sites in England. It is a public administered organization where the
key role of the structure is to encourage cultural tourism in the country. Therefore, the
department can have the role of overseeing heritage tourism in the country. For instance, the
Paralympics and Olympic Games that occurred in 2012 were monitored by the department
(Chhabra, 2014). Moreover, it can be engaged in practices such as the coming up with a list
of the attraction destinations, getting a license for imports and exports of products connected
with the industry in the region as well as the control of the collection of arts for the cultural
and heritage destinations. Hence, this necessitates it to manage the work responsibility to
conserve the sites to attract a large number of visitors. Besides the Nature England that is
engaged in the preservation of the natural environments in England is another organization
that can be a magnet for numerous tourists in the direction of such locations. Furthermore,
voluntary ownership is a material composition that involves the act of appointing charitable
companies by the supervising process of the sites, which can be executed through the
utilization of finance obtained from donations. These types of benevolent bodies are

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developed through community welfare with an apparent purpose of managing a scrupulous
cultural and heritage reserve.

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TASK 4: UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF METHODS OF INTERPRETATION

WITHIN THE HERITAGE AND CULTURE INDUSTRY
Elucidation for the heritage tourism destinations is vital as this would assist with a
particular goal to give the key data relating to these locales. Deciphering the centrality for
these locales would facilitate so as to comprehend the significance and recall the certainties
and evidence associated with these tourism destinations. Techniques for understanding
utilized as a part of the cultural and heritage business are of enormous significance as they
would assist the customers to comprehend the importance and sense of the spots and
destinations. The messages created with the visitor would be of tremendous significance so
they can understand and value the particular tourism site. The Key standards governing the
techniques of interpreting the heritage tourism sector in the United Kingdom include the
creation of data sources, legitimacy, comprehensiveness and sustainability among many
others (Leslie & Sigala, 2005). Appreciation practices for the sites are worldwide right and
hence it is essential to utilize the appropriate techniques to be grateful to these locations.
Therefore, the collection of proof and rich data sources ought to be connected with the
techniques of interpretation applied in the heritage and cultural tourism practices. In the
current situation of a visit made to the two museums as mentioned earlier, data was gathered
and presented to the visitors, to comprehend the significance of such sites.
P4.1 Evaluate Methods and Media Used For Interpretation within the Heritage and
Cultural Industry for Tourists
It is possible to illustrate that the technique utilized in the museums were in a manner
to offer natural ways to interpret information for the visitors to ensure they comprehend the
heritage and cultural importance of the facilities. The British Museum and Natural History
Museum apply different techniques of interpretation engaging various media to provide
precious data or information can be offered to the visitors concerning the destinations.
Moreover, there is a need for appropriate data to provide interpretation of the locations as
well as to stimulate attention of the visitors who are touring the sites. Video and audio

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display, manual information, exhibitions, The Internet, and videotapes are among the major
media types that are employed in the museums to provide information to the tourists planning
to visit the sites (Vincent, 2014). Moreover, brochures, adverts, books, and guides are also
included in the process as the print media.
Besides, the online media and resources have grown and are imparting information to
the visitors so that the ones that are located far away can get the needed information about the
sites and the ongoing activities in the same. On the other hand, technology consists of a
primary function of interpreting and marketing the sites where via the employment of audiovisuals as well as online resources, data is passed on to the visitors. All the techniques utilized
in such sites have a particular role in improving the importance of the destinations. The print
media applied in the interpretation have the function of providing sufficient information
concerning the sites (Vincent, 2014). Online tools such as websites are crucial as they offer
information to the visitors from all over the world and create the source cheaper promotion
and marketing as well as communicating to potential customers widely. Utilization of the
current tools including audio and display systems also improves the interest levels of the
tourists.
The thematic analysis system can be employed in which the central idea can be
highlighted to ensure efficient communication. The action would encourage the system of
interpretation that is suitable and motivating for the visitors touring the sites. For the current
situation of the Natural History Museum, the fundamental idea is the advancement that
Science has achieved in the past few years to show the advantages that individuals have
gained from the progress in the field of science.
The application of both the non-personal and person media is undertaken to facilitate
the interpretation for various items in the museum. The personal media category employed
for the interpretation of the destinations may include the use of manual techniques in which
the guides and other sources would be involved in the sharing of information concerning the
tourism locations. Non-personal media can be utilized where audio-visual means are set up

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to improve the interpretation of the items located in the museum. However, these types of
media are more functional than the personal types of media since there is a greater degree of
information presented via the interactive medium of the former (Vincent, 2014). Moreover,
non-personal media types are a foundation of rich data for the consumers and hence would be
favoured as a large quantity of info can be distributed through the development of
documentary to ensure that the tourists do not feel that they are presented with enormous and
involving information. Nonetheless, the personal media is also significant in developing
attention of the visitors in items located at the sites by interconnecting with them. Moreover,
feedback concerning the tourists experience in the two sites can be obtained through the
application of personal media.
In conclusion, the culture and heritage tourism has a great significance in the modern
world in travel and tourism sector. Moreover, it has proved to be one of the primary sources
of generating revenue. Therefore, the historical worth of the heritage and culture require
preservation and conservation in their usual form. Besides, the reason for the maintenance is
because tourists come from far and wide to learn the historical attributes, value, culture as
well as ethical norms. If for instance, the visitors find the objects are not in their original
form, they can be de-motivated and hence be discouraged from visiting such sites in the
coming years. Therefore, the private and government bodies in the United Kingdom ought to
focus on enhancing the cultural and heritage resources as they are among the primary sources
of income for the region. The paper has illustrated the significance level of this kind of
tourism with concerns of the United Kingdom concept. It has grown to be an essential source
of revenue and job generation in the country where a large part of the gross domestic product
is contributed by the tourism. Furthermore, there are large numbers of tours occurring in the
United Kingdom annually because of the cultural and heritage destinations. The function of
this kind of tourism has been investigated recently, where it has been found that leisure and
recreation are some of the key motives for heritage travel and tourism in the country.

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Moreover, it has been seen that there exist two forms of management structures depending on
the ownership. These two types of organizations, which are PPP and public agencies, are
responsible for the management of the culture and heritage tourism in the region. The
responsibilities and roles of the different structures are different, and it has been noted that
the public-private partnership (PPP) structure are better than the public funded and have
efficient sites management. At last, techniques of interpretation for the destinations have been
realized, and the two types of media used are the non-personal and personal media.

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References
Chhabra, D. (2014). Cultural heritage and the challenge of sustainability. Journal of Tourism
and Cultural Change, (ahead-of-print), 1-4.
Brooks, G. (2015). Heritage at risk from tourism. Heritage at Risk, 242-243.
Calver, S. J., & Page, S. J. (2013). Enlightened hedonism: Exploring the relationship of
service value, visitor knowledge and interest, to visitor enjoyment at heritage
attractions. Tourism Management, 39, 23-36.
Leslie, D., & Sigala, M. (2005). International cultural tourism: Management, implications
and cases. Routledge.
Ruban, D. A. (2015). Tourism Management Perspectives. Tourism Management, 15, 1-15.
Salazar, N. B. (2012). Community-based cultural tourism: Issues, threats and opportunities.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(1), 9-22.
Vincent, M. J. (2014). LGBT People and the UK Cultural Sector: The Response of Libraries,
Museums, Archives and Heritage since 1950. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.