6660

6660 Comunicar em Lngua Inglesa
Conhecer os Problemas do Mundo Atual
COMUNICAR EM LNGUA INGLESA

UNIDADE
6660- CONHECER OS PROBLEMAS DO

MUNDO ATUAL

ndice
Introduo / Enquadramento................................................................................ 3
Referencial de Comunicar em Lngua Inglesa Unidade 6660 Conhecer os
Problemas do Mundo Atual (50h).........................................................................4
Global issues motivational activity....................................................................5
Global issues recycling...................................................................................... 6
Motivational Activity green issues...................................................................10
Global issues global warming..........................................................................16
Mother nature poem........................................................................................ 25
Global issues alternative energies...................................................................25
Alternative Energy Vocabulary Quiz................................................................32
Global issues internet addiction.......................................................................36
Global issues consumerism.............................................................................44
Global issues unhealthy eating........................................................................50
Motivational Activity world hunger..................................................................56
Helpful documents............................................................................................. 57
Grammar revisions............................................................................................. 57
Useful and daily expressions - vocabulary......................................................57
Numbers and mathematics............................................................................. 59
How to read numbers in English.........................................................................61
The plural of nouns - rules............................................................................... 67
Types of irregular plurals.................................................................................... 69
(other) IRREGULAR PLURALS LIST................................................................71
Study these groups of words to learn how they change to plural. Each group
of words has similar changes.......................................................................71
Simple Present rules..................................................................................... 75
The Present Continuous..................................................................................77

Simple Present e Present Continuous..............................................................79

Simple Present................................................................................................ 79
Exercises with the Present Continuous............................................................80
The future in English....................................................................................... 83
Going to Future............................................................................................... 85
Will- Future......................................................................................................... 86
Going To- Future................................................................................................. 86
Exercises with the Simple Present and the Simple Future...............................88
The Simple Past - rules.................................................................................... 89
List of verbs................................................................................................. 91
The Simple Past exercises............................................................................96
Bibliografia......................................................................................................... 98

Introduo / Enquadramento
Este manual de Comunicar em Lngua Inglesa Conhecer os Problemas

do
Mundo
Atual
visa
ilustrar
fundamentar
desenvolvimento
de
competncias especficas da lngua inglesa, nomeadamente no tema de

problemas que afetam o mundo atualmente, atravs da anlise de documentos
ingleses, visionamento de pequenos vdeos e/ou documentrios, leitura de
artigos (entre outros), por parte dos formandos cujo intuito aprender e
aperfeioar
sua
aprendizagem
na
lngua
estrangeira.
Desta
forma,
encontraro respostas para as suas necessidades quotidianas e profissionais e,

em simultneo, aprendero a comunicar em lngua estrangeira de maneira
adequada.
Assim sendo, o presente manual servir de referncia para o desenvolvimento
de conhecimentos em Ingls Intermdio e Avanado, servindo os seguintes
documentos (que podero ser adaptados consoante as necessidades do pblicoalvo), como exemplo da informao terica e prtica a ser ministrada nas
sesses,
o que
permitir um adequado desenvolvimento do perfil
de
proficincias proposto no referencial de competncias-chave desta unidade.

Referencial de Comunicar em Lngua Inglesa Unidade

6660 Conhecer os Problemas do Mundo Atual (50h)
Resultados da Aprendizagem
Consulta vrias fontes de informao.
Seleciona, organiza e sistematiza a informao recolhida.
Analisa criticamente a informao.
Produz textos escritos.
Argumenta oralmente sobre os textos produzidos.
Consciencializa-se dos problemas que afetam presentemente a
humanidade.
Identifica a importncia de alterar polticas, atitudes e comportame
ntos
Contedos
Devem ser identificados dois temas que se assumem na atualidade como

um problema para a humanidade, de acordo com os interesses do grupo.
Exemplos:
Excluso social e solidariedade
Migrao e minorias tnicas
Toxicodependncias
Sida
Globalizao
Avanos tecnolgicos e reflexos no mundo do trabalho
Ameaa nuclear
Preservao ambiental
()

Global issues motivational activity
1. Watch the following video and comment on it as far as global issues are
concerned.
2. If possible, list some global issues you are able to identify on this short
video.
Global Issues
In https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcFvT4GRpZQ
Notes:
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Global issues recycling

Making a difference
1. Warm up work with your partner.
a) What three things can ordinary people do to help the environment?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
2. Reading
a) Read the texts below. Who do you think cares the most/least about the
environment? Comment that with your partner.
I think everyone can do something to help the

environment.
Ive replaced all the bulbs in my house with a
more environmentally-friendly type. It was a
really easy way to make a difference!
The other benefit is that my electricity bill is
lower than before.
Susan
I
get really
telling
me
annoyed
to
help
by people
improve
the
environment.
In my neighbourhood, there are so
many laws about recycling rubbish! I
dont have time to separate rubbish
or recycle bottles and cans.
I think people should be free to live
how they like!

Billy
Last year, I got rid of my car. If everyone did

that, our towns would be so much cleaner!
I live in a small town, and I now cycle to
work each day. Its not so good in winter, but
I really dont regret the change. My health
has really improved too!
Henry
3. Vocabulary Building
a) Match the two halves of the collocations.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
environmentally
to make
an electricity
to separate
to get
rubbish
friendly
rid of something
bill
a difference

b) Rewrite the sentences using the language from exercise 3 a).

i)
In some countries, you have to _______________________________________.
You cant just throw it all together.

ii)
Helen ______________________________ her old car, and replaced it with a

hybrid model.
iii)
Driving is not a very ____________________________________ way to travel.
iv)
Unplugging your TV and computer at night can

__________________________
to the environment.
v)
Tom never turns the heating off. His

___________________________________
is really high!
4. About you.
a) Fill in the boxes below. Compare your answer with your partner.
Thing I do which are good
Things I do which are bad for
for environment
the environment
Motivational Activity green issues

Wordsearch

1.
10

2. Make a comment on the following pictures.

Picture 1
Picture 2
11

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Picture 3
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12

Word search earthquakes
13

1. Make a comment on the following pictures.

Picture 1
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14

Picture 2
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15

Global issues global warming
1. Watch and comment on the following video.
Global Warming
In https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTW49FSgLlQ
Notes:
_________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
1. Before you read work with your partner.
a) What do you do to help preserve the environment?
_________________________________________________________________________________
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16

_________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________
b) Who is the most environmentally friendly person you know? Why?
_________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________
2. Vocabulary.
a) Match the word / phrase with the correct meaning.
emissions (n)
catastrophic (adj)
projected (adj)
a protocol (n)
ratify (v)
lessen (v)
reduce
a set of agreed rules or conventions
gases released into the air
approve
forecast
disastrous
17

3. Reading.
a) Read the following text, and fill in the spaces using a word from the box
below.
Choose from: definitely; deep; melt; consumers
18

19

4. Comprehension Questions.
a) Answer the questions below.
i) Why are sea levels predicted to rise?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
ii) What is the Kyoto Protocol?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
iii)
What factors contribute to a persons carbon footprint?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
20

5. Collocation Check.
a) Match the two halves of these collocations.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
hotting
become
as
an informed
here
decision
to stay
a reality
up
it stands
a) Rewrite these sentences using collocations from exercise 5 a).
i) Im worried. I hope that it doesnt actually happen.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii)
Computer technology is not going to disappear.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii)
In the current situation, I cant give you a pay rise.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iv)
I need to make a decision based on facts and evidence.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
v)
This football game is becoming more exciting!
21

_________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________
6.
22

6. Make a comment on these pictures.
Picture 1
23

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________
Picture 2
_________________________________________________________________________________
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24

Mother nature poem

Edith A. Phinazee
1. Read and comment on the following poem.
Our world is always changing,

Constantly re-arranging.
From ocean depths to mountain peaks,
Mother Nature moves and speaks.
While telling stories of our past
She tries to teach us how to last.
Mankind, so smart, sometimes blind
Leaves common sense far behind.
We're moving fast and living large,
Forgetting she's the one in charge.
Amazed when she rings our bell,
Sending us through living hell.
She can twist our steel, shake any city,
If her wrath you feel, we shall pity.
Yet some who speak on her behalf,
I fear just seek the golden calf.
It's true, we must treat her right.
Or we will incur a deadly plight.
Treat her with distinction
Or surely face extinction!
Global issues alternative energies
Alternative Energies
25

In https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gHoto5o7kAE
Notes:
_________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________
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26

1. Before you read Work with your partner.

a) What is alternative energy?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b) how many different kinds of alternative energy can you name?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. Vocabulary.
a) Match the phrase with its meaning.
barren
vast
renewable
viable
take off
venture (v)
once
could be successful
at some time in the past
become popular
go somewhere, despite risk
unable to produce
could always continue
huge
27

3. Reading.
a. Read the following text.
28

29

4.Discussion.
b. READING COMPREHENSION - Answer the following questions.
i)
How much energy do you think your country gets from alternative
sources?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii)
Are there any projects in your country creating alternative energy?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii)
Describe the best place near your home where a wind farm could be
placed.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iv)
Are you careful about the amount of electricity you consume? Could
you do better?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
30

To think about pair work.
c. Discuss the following.

i)
What is the problem with using fossil fuels to generate electricity?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii)
Should we turn to nuclear power as the solution to our power needs?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii)
Should the government do more to deal with this issue?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
31

Alternative Energy Vocabulary Quiz
Choose a suitable word / phrase from the list below. Make grammatical changes,
where necessary.
Choose from: come to an end; mixed results; implement; fossil fuels; plentiful;
take off; granted; insulate; renewable energy; viable.
a) Jackie is against burning ________________________________________________
to make electricity.
b) Sunshine is ________________________________________ in the Sahara.
However, regular rainfall is rare.
c) Bob thinks ________________________________________ is better than coalfired power stations.
d) Some people think wind farms are not
____________________________________
on a large scale.
e) Tom _________________________________ his loft last week. He hopes his
house will be warmer in winter!
f) I hoped it would be a complete success. Instead, I had
______________________.
g) I fell asleep before the movie ___________________________________________.
h) The Prime Minister wants to ________________________________________ the
reforms as soon as possible,
i) Mary does all the cooking and cleaning. Her husband just taker her for
__________
_________________________________!
j) Do you think that 3-D televisions are going to
______________________________?
4. Translate the text from exercise 3.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
32

_________________________________________________________________________________
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33

_________________________________________________________________________________
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5. Write the plural form of each noun.
A
B
C
D
Wish
Elf
Family
Goose
G
H
I
J
Wife
Butterfly
Shelf
Tomato
34

E
F
Flash
Box
K
L
Dress
Bench
6. change the singular form of the noun to a plural form.
a) At the farm, we counted five ______________________ (pony).

b) After trick-or-treating we ate 20 ______________________ (candy) each.
c) We are studying the many ______________________ Ccountry) in Scial
Studies.
d) The
reunion
will
have
over
15
______________________
(family)
in
attendance.
e) During the summer, I like to catch many ______________________ (firefly).
f) I really njoy going to my friends birthday ______________________ (party).
g) Bears like to eat ______________________ (berry) before they hibernate for
the winter.
h) The ______________________ (baby) were crying in their cribs.
i) Our
table
at
the
restaurant
had
lots
of
different
flavoured
______________________ (jelly).
j) When I order an ice cream sundae, I ask for three ______________________
(cherry).
k)
35

Global issues internet addiction

a) When was the last time you used the internet? What did you look up?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. Vocabulary.
a) Match the words with its correct definition.
Tweet (v)
In the flesh (idiom)
Endlessly (adv)
Excessive (adj)
The norm (n)
Face-to-face
Standard
Send a message using Twitter
Repeatedly
Switch off
36

3. Reading.
a) Read the text and fill in the gaps with a word from the list below.
37

Choose from: interrupted; available; problem; advance
4. Comprehension.
a) Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
38

i)
Why is Chuck Harris unhappy with his life?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii)
Why is the problem of internet addiction going to get worse?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii)
What three practical steps can you take to reduce your internet
usage?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5. Vocabulary.
a) Choose the best explanation for the underlined expressions.
1. If your life revolves around the
You often think about the internet

Your job is related to the internet
internet,
The internet is the main thing in your
life
You do it secretly
2. Is you do something surreptitiously You do it often
3. If you opt out of social messaging
You dont like using the services

You rarely use the services
services,
You choose not to use the services
4. Is you are marginalized by society,
People are rude to you

People think you are strange
39

People think you are unimportant
5. If you abstain from the internet,
You use the internet too much

You dont use the internet
You use the internet very little
6. Fill in the gapes using a word / phrase from exercise 5.
a) Liz has _____________________________ joining her family over the summer

vacation.
b) The elderly often feel _____________________________. No one listens to what
they say.
c) Justin
is
supposed
to
be
on
diet.
However,
he
_____________________________ has a cream cheese bagel before bed.

d) Since he got married, Andrew has _____________________________ all
alcohol.
e) Julias life seems to _____________________________ her job. She never has
any free time!
40

7. Discussion.
a) Ask your partner these questions.
Questions related to the text.
i)
Do you think there are many people who are addicted to the Internet?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii)
Do you use the Internet much? In which ways is life better / worse
because of the Internet?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii)
Do you have a Facebook or Twitter account? Why (not)?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iv)
Do you think that people reveal too much personal information online?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Other questions
a) Which groups of people do you think are marginalized in your country?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
b) Do you do anything surreptitiously at home or at work?
41

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c) Does your life seem to revolve around anything? What (else) do you do
too much?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
d) Your ideas!
_________________________________________________________________________________
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42

Global issues consumerism

Culture in Decline - Consumerism & Advertising
In https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74ofI3Zz8hM
Notes:
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43

1. Read this newspaper article to answer the questions below.
Consumerism and Consumption in our Modern Society

The rise of consumerism in the developed world occurs as buying habits
are transformed, and luxuries are turned into necessities.
The idea of getting more and more helps to stir up anxieties, greediness and
restlessness over the possession of things. Fashion pressures people to buy
out of need, just for style, to be conform to what others define as
fashionable. But as well as meeting consumers desires there is a more
fundamental political and economic reason for promoting consumerism.
That is, this support for fashion is seen as very valuable because it is a
subtle form of imposing social control, as people become more individualist,
turn more inwards on themselves. People who were once concerned about
social issues are now largely transformed into exploring and fulfilling their
individual desires through the purchase of material goods.
2. Find equivalents in the text for these words/expressions.

a) growth
b) cause an unpleasant sensation
c) wanting a lot more than you
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
need
feeling unable to be calm
in popular and modern style
matching
satisfying
buying
44

3. Answer these questions.

1. What exactly makes consumers buy things?
_________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________
2. Why is it dangerous to promote individualism?
_________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. Look at this advertisement and comment on the following
statement.
Living
in
consumer
society
has
profound
implications on how we behave and relate to

others.
45

5. The words in the boxes form a quotation by Ghandi.
Look at the
pictures and try to write it in the correct order.
Quotation:
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6. Do you agree with Ghandis quotation? Justify.
46

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
7. Writing.
a) Choose one of the following topics and write about 80-100 words on
it.
1. Fast food in US schools.
(Refer to the advantages and disadvantages of fast food.
Say whether you agree with the fact that fast food companies give money to
schools to
advertise fast food there.)
2. Are you a shopaholic?

(Refer to the way you deal with your money, who you get your money from,
your shopping habits, shops you prefer, items on which you spend most of your
money... )
3. Comment on the following: If you want to feel rich, just count the
things you have that money cant buy.
Say whether you agree with the message conveyed. Explain the message. Refer
to the difficulties in following this advice in modern societies.
_________________________________________________________________________________
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47

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Global issues unhealthy eating
a)
Do you exercise every day?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
48

b)
What is your favourite sport?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c)
How important is physical activity to you?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
d)
Why is nutrition related to physical activity?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2. Reading.
a)
Read the following text carefully.

Chronic diseases account for 7 of every 10 US deaths and for more than 60% of
medical care expenditures.
Much of the chronic disease burden is preventable. Physical inactivity and
unhealthy eating contribute to obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and
diabetes. Together, they are responsible for at least 300,000 deaths each year.
Only tobacco use causes more preventable deaths in the United States.
Regular physical activity substantially reduces the risk of dying of coronary
heart disease, the nations leading cause of death, and decreases the risk for
many diseases and high blood pressure. It also helps to control weight;
contributes to healthy bones, muscles, and joints.
Moreover, physical activity need not be strenuous to be beneficial; people of
all ages benefit from moderate physical activity, such as 30 minutes of brisk
walking five or more times a week.
49

Despite the proven benefits of physical activity, more than 60% of American
adults do not get enough physical activity to provide health benefits. More than
25% are not active at all in their leisure time.
But, insufficient physical activity is not limited to adults. More than a third of
young people in grades 9-12 do not regularly engage in vigorous physical
activity.
The Critical Role of Healthy Eating
We now know that good nutrition lowers the risk for many chronic diseases.
Americans are slowly adopting healthier diets, but a large gap remains between
recommended dietary patterns and what Americans actually eat.
Poor eating habits are often established during childhood. More than 60% of
young people eat too much fat, and less than 20% eat the recommended five or
more servings of fruits and vegetables each day.
In http://www.cdc.gov/nccdhp/aag/aag-dmpa.htm
Vocabulary:
a) expenditure: the total amount of money that someone spends during a
particular period of time.
b) burden: something difficult or worrying that you are responsible for.
3. Reading comprehension.
a) Are these statements True or False? Correct the false ones and
quote statements from the text to prove the true ones.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Chronic diseases prevent the quality of life.
Most of death problems can be avoided.

Physical activity contributes to heart attacks.
Physical exercise should be done by everyone.
Young people generally have a poor diet.
__________________________________________________________________________
50

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____________________________________________________________
b) Answer the following questions according to the text.
1)
Physical activity and good nutrition are the basis of a good health. Explain
this statement.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
2)
Why is it so beneficial to do physical exercise?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
3)
Why is much of the chronic disease burden preventable?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4)
How many times per week should we walk half an hour?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
5)
What percentage of the American grown-up population doesnt exercise
51

sufficiently?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
6)
When do most unsatisfactory eating habits usually begin?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
c) Match the words on the left with the right equivalent or

explanation on the right.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
disease
inactivity
reduces
strenuous
engage
vigorous
gap
servings
a) big difference
b) keep interest
c) using a lot of energy and determination
d) illness
e) makes smaller
f) needing great effort
g) the fact that someone is not doing anything
h) an amount of food that is enough for one
person
4. Comment on the following picture. Bear in mind the theme

unhealthy eating.
52

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_________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________
53

Motivational Activity world hunger
5. To sum up the previous theme, watch and comment on the following

video.
World Hunger UNICEF
In https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUer_ZA4sJs
Notes:
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Helpful documents
54

Grammar revisions
Useful and daily expressions - vocabulary
1. Read the following information.

Portuguese
English
Adeus!
Algum me pode emprestar uma caneta /
Goodbye! Bye! Bye, bye!

Can someone lend me a pen / a
um lpis?
Boa noite!
Boa noite! (na hora de ir deitar)
Boa tarde!
Bom dia!
Como est(s) / esto hoje?
Esta frase est correcta?
Esteja / est quieto /silencioso!
Estou bem.
Estou doente.
Estou muito bem.
Eu no entendo!
Faltei na ltima aula.
Isto est correcto?
No estou muito bem.
No faa(s) isso!
No, no pode(s).
O que que fizemos a aula passada?
O que fao agora?
Ol!
Ouam-me! Ouve-me!
Peo desculpa por estar atrasado(a).
Pode desviar-se, se faz favor?
Pode falar mais devagar, se faz favor?
Pode repetir a palavra, se faz favor?
Pode repetir?
Posso apagar o quadro?
Posso entrar?
Posso ir afiar o meu lpis?
Posso ir ao sanitrio (wc/casa-de-banho),
pencil?
Good evening!
Good night!
Good afternoon!
Good morning!
How are you today?
Is this sentence right?
Be quiet!
Im fine!
Im sick.
Im very well.
I dont understand!
I was absent last lesson.
Is this right?
Im not very well.
Dont do that!
No, you may not.
What did we do last lesson?
What can I do now?
Hello, Hi!
Listen to me!
Im sorry Im late.
Can you step aside, please?
Can you speak slower, please?
Can you repeat the word, please?
Can you repeat?
May I clean the board?
May I come in?
May I sharpen my pencil?
May I go to the toilet, please?
se faz favor?
Posso ir l fora um minuto?
Posso responder?
Posso tentar?
Posso trocar de lugar?
Prestem /presta ateno!
Sente-se! Senta-te! Sentem-se!
Sim, pode(s).
Tenho uma terrvel dor de cabea.
Can I go out for a minute?

May I answer?
Can I try?
Can I change places?
Pay attention!
Sit down!
Yes, you may.
Im with a terrible headache.
55

Vamos comear a aula.
Lets start the lesson.
56

Numbers and mathematics
Read and study the following information.
CARDINALS
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty
21 Twenty-one
()
30 thirty
31 Thirty-one
()
40 forty
41 forty-one
()
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100 a hundred
101 a hundred and one

102 - a hundred and two
()
154 a hundred and fifty-four
40th fortieth
50th fiftieth
()
200 two hundred

201 two hundred and one
300 three hundred
()
1000 a thousand
1001 a thousand and one
1025 a thousand and twenty-five
60th sixtieth
100th hundredth
1000th
thousandth
ORDINALS
1st first (st)
2nd second (nd)
3rd third (rd)
4th fourth (th)
5th fifth (th)
6th sixth (th)
7th seventh
8th eighth
9th ninth
10th tenth
11th eleventh
12th twelfth
13th thirteenth
14th fourteenth
15th fifteenth
16th sixteenth
17th seventeenth
18th eighteenth
19th - nineteenth
20th twentieth (th)
21st twenty-first
22nd twenty-second
30th thirtieth
Mathematics
Examples:
5+5=?
57

(Whats five plus five? Its ten.)

63=?
(Whats six minus three? Its three.)
4x7=?
(Whats four times seven? Its twenty-eight.)
8:4=?
(Whats eight divided by four? Its two.)
To remember:
1.456 (DECIMALS) one point four, five, six;
1/3 (FRACTIONS) one third;
2/3 (FRACTIONS) two thirds;
2/49 two over forty-nine;
1986 (YEAR) nineteen, eighty-six;
2006 (YEAR) - two thousand and six or twenty oh six;
1600 (YEAR) sixteen hundred;
sculo XVI (CENTURY) 16th century;
1456 (NUMBER) one thousand, four hundred and fifty-six;
912553330 (PHONE NUMBER) nine, one, two, double five, three, double three,
oh/zero; 22 (POWERS) two squared;
23 (POWERS) two cubed;
215 (POWERS) two to the fifteenth power (or sometimes two to fifteen);
4 (SQUARE ROOT) square root of four.
a)
58

How to read numbers in English
1. Read and study the following information.

How numbers are spoken
Numbers over 20
Numbers over 100
21
22
32
99
101
121
200
232
999
twenty-one
twenty-two
thirty-two
ninety-nine
a/one hundred (and) one

a/one hundred (and) twenty-one
two hundred
two hundred (and) thirty-two
nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
Numbers over 1000

1001
1121
2000
2232
9999
a/one thousand (and) one

one thousand, one hundred (and) twenty-one
two thousand
two thousand, two hundred (and) thirty-two
nine thousand, nine hundred (and) ninety-nine
59

Ordinal numbers
225th two hundred (and) twenty-fifth
20th twentieth
21st twenty-first
25th twenty-fifth
90th ninetieth
99th ninety-ninth
100th hundredth
101st hundred and first
Dates
1624
1903
1987
2007
sixteen twenty-four
nineteen-oh-three
nineteen eighty-seven
two thousand and seven
What numbers represent

Numbers are often used on their own to show:
Price - It cost eight seventy-five (=eight pounds 75 pence or 8 dollars 75
cents: 8.75 or $8.75).
Time - We left at two twenty-five (=25 minutes after 2 oclock).
Age
- Shes forty-six (=46 years old). | Hes in his sixties (=between 60
and 69 years old).
Size - This shirt is a thirty-eight (=size 38).
Temperature -The temperature fell to minus fourteen (=14).|The
temperature was in the mid-thirties (=about 3436).
The score in a game -Becker won the first set six-three (=by six games to
three: 6-3).
Something marked with the stated number - She played two nines and
an eight (=playing cards marked with these numbers).
A set or group of the stated number - The teacher divided us into fours
(=groups of 4). | You can buy cigarettes in tens or twenties (=in packets
containing 10 or 20)
Pearson Education Limited 2000 Longman Dictionary
60

When expressing large numbers (more than one hundred) read in groups
of hundreds. The order is as follows: billion, million, thousand, hundred.
Notice that hundred, thousand, etc. is NOT followed by an s.
(Quando falamos de nmeros grandes mais do que um cento lemos em

grupos de centenas. A ordem a que se segue: bilio, milho, milhar, centena.
Repare que cem, mil, etc, nunca so seguidos de S.)
E.g. Two hundred NOT two hundreds
NOTE: British English takes 'and' between 'hundred and ...' American
English omits 'and'. In the examples below, this is represented: (AND)

(Nota: O Ingls Britnico leva e entre cem e enquanto o Ingls
Americano omite o e. Nos exemplos abaixo, isto representado: (E) )
Hundreds
350 > three hundred (AND) fifty
425 > four hundred (AND) twenty

five
Thousands
15,560 > fifteen thousand five
786,450 > seven hundred (AND)
hundred (AND) sixty
six thousand four hundred (AND)

fifty
Millions
2,450,000
>
two
million
hundred (AND) fifty thousands
four
234,700,000 > two hundred (AND)

thirty-four
million
seven
hundred
thousand
61

Speaking About Numbers

Numbers are read in the following manner in English:
(os nmeros so lidos da seguinte forma em ingls)
Billion, million, thousand, hundred
Example:
2,350,400 => two million, three hundred (AND) fifty thousand, (AND) four
hundred
Decimals
2.36 =>two point three six
1.54 => one point five four
Percentages
Read percentages as the number followed by percent
(Leia as percentagens com o nmero seguido de percent- por cento)
37% =>thirty seven percent
Fractions
Read the top number as a cardinal number, followed by the ordinal number + s
(Leia o nmero do topo ou da esquerda como um cardinal (one, two, three) e
o da direita como um ordinal (first, second, third) seguido de S, como nos
exemplos.)
3/8 =>three eighths
2 => two fourths
4
=> three fourths

1/10 => one tenths
NOTE: =>one quarter, 2/3 => two thirds, one half
62

Expressions
Here are the descriptive names of a number of important numerical
expressions:
(Eis aqui os nomes descritivos de algumas expresses numricas importantes):
Speed 100 mph (miles per hour)
Weight 80 kg (kilograms) OR 42 lbs (pounds)
telephone number 0171 895 7056
decimal .087
date 12/04/65 (month/day/year)
percentage 75%
temperature 28 C (celsius) OR 72 F (fahrenheit) graus (degrees)
height 1 m 89 cm
price $60 (dollars); 60 (euros), 60 (sterling pounds)
fraction 8/13 (eight, thirteenths)
score 2-1 (two-one)
63

Conversion:
Weights and measures
Units of length
1 millimetre = 0.03937 inch
10 mm = 1 centimetre = 0.3937
inch
10 cm = 1 decimetre = 3.937 inches
10 dm = 1 metre = 39.37 inches
10 m = 1 decametre = 10.94 yards
10 dam = 1 hectometre = 109.4
yards
10 hm = 1 kilometre = 0.6214 mile
Units of weight
Units of capacity
1 millilitre = 0.00176 pint
10 ml = 1 centilitre = 0.0176 pint
10 cl = 1 decilitre = 0.176 pint
10 dl = 1 litre = 1.76 pints = 0.22
1 miligram = 0.015 grain

10 mg = 1 centigram = 0.154 grain
10 cg = 1 decigram = 1.543 grains
10 dg = 1 gram = 15.43 grains =
0.035 ounces
10 g = 1 decagram = 0.353 ounce
10 dag = 1 hectogram = 3.527
ounces
10 hg = 1 kilogram = 2.205
pounds
100 kg = 1 tonne (metric ton) =
0.984 (long) ton = 2204.62 pounds
3 feet
foot
=
1 = 0.9144 m
8 furlongs
yard
=
1 = 1.609 km
mile
gallon
10 l = 1 decalitre = 2.20 gallons
10 dal = 1 hectolitre = 22.0 gallons
10 hl = 1 kilolitre = 220.0 gallons
British and American
12 inches
1 inch
= 2.54 cm
=
1 = 0.3048
http://www.convert-
Other notes :
100 pounds = 45,36 kg
You can always use the Internet to
help you:
(Pode sempre usar a internet para o
ajudar:)
Weight: (Peso)
me.com/en/convert/weight
Length: (Comprimento)
http://www.convertExpressing Numbers in
me.com/en/convert/length
If
Kenneth Beare
you want to know
conversion:
(E se quiser
saber
English,
more
about
mais
sobre
converses)
http://www.convert-me.com/en/
64
From
The plural of nouns - rules

O plural da maior parte dos substantivos faz-se acrescentando S ao singular. Mas h
alguns casos especiais.
1. Se o singular terminar em VOGAL + Y ou W, o plural faz-se
normalmente acrescentado um -S.
Boy
boys
Cow
cows
2. Se
singular
terminar
em
CONSOANTE
Y,
plural
faz-se
normalmente mudando o Y para I e acrescentando es.

Baby
babies
Party
parties
3. Se o singular terminar em -CH, -SH, -X, -S, -Z, o plural faz-se
normalmente acrescentando -es.
Church
churches
Crash
crashes
Box
boxes
Buzz
buzzes
4. Alguns substantivos que acabam em -O fazem o plural em es; outros
tm plural
Echo
Hero
Radio
Piano
Bufalo
Volcano
em s (ou -es).
echoes
heroes
radios
pianos
bufalo(e)s
volcano(e)s
65
5. Palavras que terminam com f ou fe tm plurais regulares, com a

excepo das seguintes palavras que fazem o plural em ves.
Calf
Elf
Half
calves
elves
halves
life
loaf
wolves
Knife
Leaf
knives
leaves
sheaf
lives
loaves
self
shelf
thief
wife
selves
thieves
wives
wolf
sheaves
shelves
6. IRREGULAR PLURALS (Plurais Irregulares):

Child
Foot
Goose
Louse
Man
Mouse
Ox
Penny
Person
Tooth
Children
Feet
Geese
Lice
Men
Mice
Oxen
Pence
People
Teeth
66
Some notes on other (considered) irregular plurals

Types of irregular plurals
There are many types of irregular plurals, but these are the most common:
Noun type
Forming the plural

Change
*Ends with -fe
to
knife
knives
then
life
Add -s
wife
wives
half
halves
then
wolf
wolves
Add -es
loaf
loaves
Change
*Ends with -f
Example
to
lives
potato
*Ends with -o
Add -es
potatoes
tomato
tomatoes
volcano
volcanoes
cactus
ends with -us
Change -us to -i
cacti
nucleus
nuclei
focus
foci
analysis
ends with -is
Change -is to -es
analyses
crisis
crises
thesis
ends with -on
phenomenon
Change -on to -a
Change
criterion
the
vowel
the
word
or
ALL KINDS
Change
or
Add a different ending

Unchanging
Singular
and
are the same
theses
plural
criteria
man
men
foot
feet
child
person
tooth
mouse
phenomena
children
people
teeth
mice
sheep
deer
67
Noun type
Forming the plural
Example
fish (sometimes)
(other) IRREGULAR PLURALS LIST

Study these groups of words to
learn
how
they
change
to
plural.
Each group of words has similar changes.
US -> I
SINGULAR
PLURAL
alumnus
alumni
cactus
cacti
focus
foci/focuses
fungus
fungi/funguses
nucleus
nuclei
radius
radii
stimulus
stimuli
IS -> ES
SINGULAR
PLURAL
axis
axes
analysis
analyses
basis
bases
crisis
crises
68
diagnosis
diagnoses
ellipsis
ellipses
hypothesis
hypotheses
oasis
oases
paralysis
paralyses
parenthesis
parentheses
synthesis
syntheses
synopsis
synopses
thesis
theses
IX -> ICES
SINGULAR
PLURAL
appendix
appendices
index
indeces/indexes
matrix
matrices/matrixes
EAU -> EAUX
SINGULAR
PLURAL
beau
beaux
bureau
bureaus/bureaux
tableau
tableaux/tableaus
69
*** -> EN
SINGULAR
PLURAL
child
children
man
men
ox
oxen
woman
women
*** -> A
SINGULAR
PLURAL
bacterium
bacteria
corpus
corpora
criterion
criteria
curriculum
curricula
datum
data
genus
genera
medium
media
memorandum
memoranda
phenomenon
phenomena
stratum
strata
70
NO CHANGE
SINGULAR
PLURAL
deer
deer
fish
fish
means
means
offspring
offspring
series
series
sheep
sheep
species
species
OO -> EE
SINGULAR
PLURAL
foot
feet
goose
geese
tooth
teeth
A -> AE
SINGULAR
antenna
PLURAL
antennae/antennas
71
formula
formulae/formulas
nebula
nebulae
vertebra
vertebrae
vita
vitae
OUSE -> ICE
SINGULAR
PLURAL
louse
lice
mouse
mice
72
Simple Present rules

Os verbos s se alteram em ingls no Simple Present (Presente Simples) na 3
pessoa do Singular:
HE / SHE / IT
Nas restantes (I, YOU, WE, YOU, THEY), fica tudo igual (isto , colocamos o verbo sem
TO).
Assim, neste tempo verbal iremos ter alteraes apenas quando estivermos perante
a 3 pessoa do singular (he, she, it) ou algo equivalente.
Neste caso, temos de ter ateno aos verbos terminados em:
Verbos terminados em -o --- fazem a 3 pessoa em es (e.g. do, does)
Verbos terminados em -ch, -x, -sh, -z, -s --- fazem a 3 pessoa em es
(e.g. kiss, kisses; watch, watches)
Verbos terminados em vogal + -y --- s acrescentamos um s (eg. play,
plays)
Verbos terminados em consoante
+ -y --- o y passa a i e
acrescentamos es (e.g. cry, cries)
Quando um verbo no termina em o, -ch, -x, -sh, -z, -s ou em y, acrescentamos

somente um S, que a regra geral.
RESUMO!!!
Assim sendo,
1
2
3
4
regra geral: ACRESCENTAR S

quando os verbos terminam em O, acrescentamos ES.
quando os verbos terminam em -CH, -X, -SH, -Z, -S, acrescentamos ES.
quando os verbos terminam em Y, h que ter ateno:
*VOGAL + -Y --- apenas se acrescenta S

*CONSOANTE + -Y: o Y passa a i e acrescentamos ES.
73
The Present Continuous

O Present Continuous forma-se assim:
To be (am /are / is) + main verb + -ing
Constri-se com uma forma do presente do verbo To Be (am / are / is) com a
forma -ing do verbo principal. (Junta-se ing ao infinitivo do verbo.)
o E.g.:
I am travelling.
I am eating.
Utiliza-se sempre que se pretende exprimir uma aco que se est a realizar
num determinado momento e que ainda no terminou.
Essa
o
o
o
o
ideia , muitas vezes, reforada por advrbios de tempo tais como:

At the moment (neste momento)
Now (agora)
Still (ainda)
E.g.:
At the moment he is talking on the phone.
Now, she is calling Anna.
He is still taking a shower.
Tambm se usa quando queremos contar o que planemos para o futuro.

o E.g.:
On Saturday evening Im visiting my parents.
Next week Im travelling to Scotland.
Tomorrow Im taking a plane to Canada.
(Em Portugus a forma correspondente : estar + preposio a +
infinitivo + verbo principal).
o E.g. Que ests a fazer ? (Que ests fazendo?).
Mas h verbos que no se usam normalmente no Present Continuous (visto
usarem-se com o Simple Present).
Verbs of thinking
Verbs of feeling
Verbs of pe
To think
To want
To see
To believe
To wish
To hear
To agree
To like
To notice
74
To understand
To love
To know
To hate
To remember
To forget
Verbs of possession
Reporting verbs
Other v
To have
To say
To cost
To own
To ask
To weigh
To belong
To tell
To seem
To appear
To need
Resumindo: usamos o presente quando queremos dizer que uma ao

est a decorrer neste momento e quando queremos dizer o que foi
combinado ou planeado para o futuro.
75
Simple Present e Present Continuous
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Aes habituais
Aes ainda em curso/ a decorrer
Encontramos frequentemente palavras
Encontramos muitas vezes as
como:
Every day
Sometimes
Usually
Often
Always
Never
On Sunday
palavras:
Now
Today
At the moment
This morning
Algumas notas:
Os gerndios dos verbos no Ingls so constitudos da partcula " ING" no final,
seguindo algumas regras:
- Verbos com uma slaba, terminados com CONSOANTE + VOGAL+CONSOANTE , dobram
a ltima consoante e depois adiciona-se o ING: stop = stopping , cut = cutting.
- Verbos disslabos terminados em CONSOANTE + VOGAL+CONSOANTE e que a slaba
tnica seja a ltima, dobra-se a ltima consoante e adiciona-se o ING. Exemplos:
prefer = preferring, begin = beginning . Se a primeira slaba for a tnica, apenas
adicione o ING no final: enter = entering.
- Verbos terminados com E perdem o E e ganham ING: write = writing. Os terminados
em EE no perdem nada e s ganham o ING: agree = agreeing
- Verbos terminados com (CONSOANTE + ) VOGAL+L , dobram o L e ganham ING: travel
= travelling (no ingls britnico, pois no americano existem algumas excees)
- Verbos terminados em IE perdem o IE e ganham Y+ING: lie = lying , die = dying
76
Exercises with the Present Continuous
Am / is / are + verb + -ing form
Fill in the blanks with the right form of the Present Continuous.
1. They are having (to have) dinner.
2. He _________________________ (to stand) there.
3. She ________________________ (not / to sing).
4. They ________________________ (not / to eat).
5. Alice ________________________ (to watch) TV.
6. What ________________________ (to do /you) now?
7. Why ________________________ (they / not/ to drink) water?
8. ________________________ (he / to make) the bed?
9. ________________________ (you / to finish) your homework?
10.Jean ________________________ (not / to speak) to them.
11.We ________________________ (not / to swim).
12.She ________________________ (to buy) a record.
13.It ________________________ (to rain) again.
14.________________________ (they / not / to travel) to Italy?
15.We ________________________ (to learn) English now.
77
Write in English. Use the Simple Present or the Present

Continuous.
a) Eu estou a falar Ingls.(to speak) ___________________________
b) Eu no falo Ingls. _______________________________________
c) Ela fala Ingls. __________________________________________
d) Ela no fala Ingls. ______________________________________
e) Eu no como. (to eat) ____________________________________
f) Eu no estou a comer. ____________________________________
g) Ela corre. (to run) _______________________________________
h) Ele no corre. __________________________________________
i) Ns estamos a correr. ____________________________________
j) Vs estais a viajar? (to travel) ______________________________
k) Eles no esto a viajar. ___________________________________
l) Elas no aprendem. (to learn) ______________________________
m) Eles aprendem bem? _____________________________________
n) Ela est a chegar. (to arrive) _______________________________
78
Put the verb into the correct form Present Simple or Present
Continuous.
1. He _____________________ (to know) all about Wales.
2. Jane ___________________ (to talk) to a friend at the moment.
3. She ____________________ (not / to work) on Sundays.
4. Margaret ________________________ (to love) music and dancing.
5. The dog ________________________ (to sleep) under the table at the moment.
6. He ________________________ (not / to like) foreign countries.
7. _____________________________________ (they / to go) to the pub every evening?
8. Good students ________________________ (always / to study) hard.
9. ________________________________________ (she/ to see) her friends every week?
10.My father ________________________ (to do) the cooking at the weekend.
11.People ________________________ (to say) Edinburgh is a beautiful city.
12.Miriam ________________________ (still / to decorate) the Christmas tree.
13.They ________________________ (to stay) at the Plaza Hotel at present.
14.The concert ________________________ (to finish) at 12.
15.We ________________________ (to visit) the Smiths today in London.
79
The future in English

Read the following information very carefully.
Weve got four ways to express the Future:
The Simple Future
The Going To Future
The Present Continuous
The Simple Present
The Simple Future:
Will + infinitive
Expressing prediction:
E.g. The Homeless will have more shelters soon.

The Going To Future: am / are/ is + going to + Infinitive
Expressing an intention to really do something:
E.g. That homeless man is going to eat at the shelter tonight.
To predict a future happening:
E.g. Look at that poor woman. Shes going to die on the streets,
homeless.
The Present Continuous:

To describe plans and arrangements which are definite:
E.g. Christine is eating at the shelter tomorrow.

Note: The time should be mentioned tomorrow, next week, next month, on
Friday to avoid confusion between the Present and the Future.

The Simple Present:
To describe planned events:
E.g. The shelters van gives lunch to the homeless on Friday at midday.
To talk about scheduled events:
E.g. The museum opens at 10 a.m. every day. So, you may go there to see
the pictures of the homeless men.
80
Going to Future
Uso
Be going to uma estrutura que pode ser usada para falarmos de planos futuros de
forma informal. Going to enfatiza a ideia de inteno, de uma deciso que j foi
tomada.
Ex.: Mark is going to cross Ireland.
His friends are going to help him.
Um outro uso do going to o de predizer o futuro devido a um indcio presente.
Ex.: Look at the sky! It's going to rain.
They drive dangerously. They are going to crash.
Forma
Esta forma de futuro um tempo verbal composto, formado pelo verbo to be no
presente simples (am, is, are) e going to, ao que adicionamos a forma natural do
verbo que desejamos colocar no futuro.
Ex.: I am going to travel to Europe next year.
I am going to write a novel.
Forma Interrogativa
Basta colocarmos o verbo to be antes do sujeito.
Ex.: Is he going to be here today?
Forma Negativa
81
Coloca-se o "not" entre o verbo to be e o "going to":

Ex.: Paul is not going to marry her because of the baby.
As regras para abreviar so as mesmas usadas para o verbo to be.
What are, then, the main differences between Will-future and going tofuture?
Will- Future
Going To- Future
"Will" quando usado para falar de algo no
Use GOING TO:

* para falar sobre uma ao, facto ou
futuro geralmente vem acompanhado de
situao previamente planeada;
expresses que indicam incerteza. Como
* para expressar uma ao que
assim!? Veja as expresses abaixo:

I think... (Eu acho que...)
Probably, ... (Provavelmente, ...)
I guess... (Eu acho...)
I'm not sure, but I think... (No
acontecer num futuro imediato ou certo;

* para dar um aviso a algum sobre uma
tenho certeza, mas acho que...)

I don't know, but I think... (No sei
no, mas acho que...)

Maybe... (Talvez...)
situao perigosa.
Exemplos:
1. I am feeling horrible. Im going to get
sick.
2. Now that I have all the money, Im
going to buy a new car.
3. Where are you going? Im going to
fetch some coffee.
Como
esto
Agora caso esteja certo do que vai fazer,
presentes nas sentenas a palavra que indica
no lhe resta dvidas sobre o que far no
o futuro a ser usada "will". Assim sendo
futuro, j est decidido e praticamente
teremos:
I will probably go to Salvador in
acertado, ento o que dever dizer :

I'm going to Salvador this year.
I'm not going to the party next
as
expresses
de
incerteza
December.
I don't know! But I think I will not go
to the party next Saturday.
Maybe we will not be here tomorrow.
Saturday.
We're not going to be here tomorrow.
82
Exercises with the Simple Present and the Simple Future
1.
2.
3.
4.
Put the verb into either the present simple or the simple future tense:
Ill call you when I ________ (arrive) at my hotel.

He ________ (text) you as soon as hes on the bus.
Lets eat dinner when John ________ (get) here.
Julie ________ (be) late tomorrow evening, so Ive booked a table at a restaurant for
10 p.m.
5. As soon as I ________ (be) able to, Im going to get a new job.
6. Please wait here until the nurse ________ (call) you.
7. I ________ (get) up early tomorrow morning and finish the report then.
8. Before you ________ (leave), please make sure youve locked the door.
9. She ________ (let) us know later, when shes ready to leave.
10. I must clean the kitchen before my mother ________ (get) here.
11. I ________ (come) to meet you at the station next weekend.
12. I ________ (wait) until youre finished then we can go.
13. John will study until he ________ (know) all the answers.
14. She thinks that it ________ (rain) next weekend.
15. What do you want to do after the class ________ (finish)?
16. I think that the Democrats ________ (win) the next election.
17. Jenny will come here after she ________ (finish) work.
18. Shes going to look for a job as soon as she ________ (arrive) in London.
19. I ________ (give) up smoking!
20. She ________ (send) me an email before she leaves the office later today.
83
The Simple Past - rules
Study the following verbs in the Simple Past.

Simple Past of the verb TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
I was
I was not (wasnt)
Was I?
You were
You were not (werent)
Were you?
He / he / It was
He / she / It was not (wasnt) Was he / she / it?
We / you / they were
We / You / They were not (werent)____Were we / you /
they?
TRADUO: I was eu era, estava, eu fui, estive; you were tu eras, foste,
estavas, estiveste; he was ele era, foi, estava, esteve; we were ns ramos,
fomos, estivemos; you were vs reis, fostes; they were eles (elas) eram,
estavam, foram, estiveram.
Simple Past of the verb TO HAVE

AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
I had
You had
He / he / It had
We / you / they had
I had not (hadnt)

You had not (hadnt)
He / she / It had not
We / You / They had
INTERROGATIVE
Had I / you / he
/ she / it / we /
(hadnt)
you
/ they...?
not (hadnt)
TRADUO: I had eu tinha, tive; you had tu tinhas, tiveste; he had ele tinha,
teve, etc.
Simple Past of the verb TO DO
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
84
I did
You did
He / he / It did
We / you / they did
I did not (didnt)

You did not (didnt)
He / she / It did not
We / You / They did not
Did I / you /
(didnt)
(didnt)
he / she / it /
we / you /
they...?
TRADUO: I did eu fiz, fazia, etc.

E como se forma o passado dos verbos regulares?
Com os verbos regulares bastante mais fcil! Acrescenta-se ed ao

infinitivo do verbo.
E.g. Help--- helped; like ---liked; watch---watched.
No caso de verbos como like, que j terminam em e, no vamos acrescentar
ed, mas sim d, para evitar duas vogais seguidas!
85
List of verbs
86
87
88
89
90
The Simple Past exercises
1. Put the verbs into the correct form (simple past).
a) Last year I (spend)
b) It (be)
c) I (travel)
we (visit)
my holiday in Ireland.
great.
around by car with two friends and
lots of interesting places.
d) In the evenings we usually (go)
e) One night we even (learn)
f) We (be)
to a pub.
some Irish dances.
very lucky with the weather.
g) It (not / rain)
a lot.
h) But we (see)
some beautiful rainbows.
i) Where (spend / you)
your last holiday?
91
2. Now, translate the previous sentences.
b) _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
c) _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
d) _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
e) _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
f) _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
g) _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
h) _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
92
i) _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
j) _______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
93
Bibliografia
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A.A.V.V., Collins Paperback English Thesaurus, Harper Collins Publishers, Glasgow,
1986/1999
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A. A. V. V., Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, England, Longman, 2000.
A.A.V.V., Really learn 100 Phrasal Verbs, Oxford University Press, Oxford,
2002/2004
Carter, Ronald, Rebecca Hughes e Michael McCarthy, Exploring Grammar in
Context, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000
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LIEBERMAN,
JOSEPH
KANIG;
inventory
the theory and practise of industrial pharmacy, 3rd EDITION,
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http://www.better-english.com
http://www.onlinenewspapers.com
http://www.songtext.net
http://www.jobsearch.co.uk
www.google.com
www.youtube.com
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_management
96

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