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Department of Electrical Drives and Mechatronics, Technical University of Koice, Letn 9, 042 00 Koice, Slovak
Republic
2
Department of Theoretical Electrotechnics and Electrical Measurement, Park Komenskho 3, 042 00 Koice,
Slovak Republic
E-mail: Irena.Kovacova@tuke.sk, Dobroslav.Kovac@tuke.sk
Abstract The paper presents a computer analysis of inductive coupling of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
problem. Its focus is on power electronics and electrical drives and tests performed by a numerical computer
simulation that can disclose suite surprising findings about EMC problems.
Keywords: electromagnetic compatibility, power electronics, converters, inverters.
1 Introduction
Importance of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of
all electrical products has been rapidly growing during
the last decade. The environment is increasingly
polluted by electromagnetic energy. The interference
impact on the surroundings is being doubled every three
years and covers a large frequency range.
Equipment disturbances and errors have become
more serious as a consequence of the growth of the
electronic circuit complexity. According to new
technical legislation and also economic consequences,
the EMC concept of all products must be strictly
observed [1]. It must start with the specification of the
equipment performance and end with the equipment
installation procedures.
Interference
source
Coupling
Galvanic
Capacitive
Inductive
Electromagnetic spark
Interference
object
Domestic appliances
Industrial electronics
Automotive electronics
Military electronics
26 Kov8ov, Kov8
Development of power semiconductor elements has
caused vehement evolution of the power electronics
branch in the last ten years. To investigate the converter
functionality, it was necessary first to theoretically
analyze and then practically verify its assumed activity.
Now, we can eliminate the laborious theoretical analysis
by a numerical computer simulation, which can disclose
quite surprising findings about EMC [4].
4 Inductive coupling
Inductive coupling is typical for two and more
galvanically separated electric loops at the moment
when the smaller one is driven by a time variablecurrent creating the corresponding, time-variable
magnetic field [5]. In such case their mutual intercircuit
effect is expressed as a function of the slope of the
current increase or decrease, circuit environmental
magnetic property as well as circuit geometric
dimensions.
To predict the intercircuit inductive coupling, our
focus will be on two electric loops l1 and l2 with currents
i1 and i2. We will try to determine the effect of loop l1
on loop l2 (Fig. 2).
= A2 .dl2
A2 =
.i1 dl1 .
4
l1
= N.
.i1 dl1
l2
l1
dl1i
l1
dl2k
dl21
dl22
rij
N=1
i1
dl12
dl1mdl11
dl2j
(1)
dl1.dl2
r12
l1 l 2
t
di m
.
dt i =1
k
j =1
B
.dS =
t
= M
l1
i1
t
dl1.dl2
r12
l1 l 2
i1
= M
i1 .
t
(7)
dlij
rij
(8)
=N.
l2
(2)
ui 2 = N.
B .dS
(6)
dl1.dl2
4 l1 l 2 r12
ui =
B
t
.i1
i2
rot E =
r12
.dl2 =
and then
ui 2 =
l2
(5)
r12
.i1
1
(4)
l2
(3)
N=1
i1
B1
A
A1 2 rij
dl21
B2
dl11
dl11
dl21
i2
27
(Ax2i Ax1i ).(Bx2j Bx1j ) +(Ay2i Ay1i ).(By2 j By1j ) +(Az2i Az1i ).(Bz2 j Bz1j )
di m k
.
dt i=1 j =1 4
Bx1j +
Bx2j Bx1j
2
Ax1i +
Ax2i Ax1i
+ By1j +
By2 j By1j
Ay1i +
Ay2i Ay1i
2
+ Bz1j +
Bz2j Bz1j
Az1i +
Az2i Az1i
(9)
For a global solution of the inductive coupling part of
the EMC problem inside the overall electric power
system, it is necessary to analyze the circuit globally
paying due regard to the mutual intercircuit inductance
coupling. The result is the following integral-differential
system of equations:
di1 1
+
i1.dt +
dt Cc1
.
.
.
k
j =1
j 1
dik
1
+
ik .dt +
dt Cck
L2 = Le2 + Li2 =
(11)
uij
ND
uG
+
-
a
e
Ucc
ln
RZ
iC
ND
Q u
CE
Ucc
L1
R
ui
= 1.294H
(12)
(14)
LZ
0b a R 0 a b R .2.(a + b)
R
= 0.294H
L2
L1 = Le1 + Li1 =
M
= 0.774 .
L1 + L2
uG
ln
RG
RG
(13)
k=
j =1
j k
ln
(10)
uij
0c d R 0d c R .2.(c + d)
28 Kov8ov, Kov8
uCE
50V/d
ic
Uip2
ui
Uip1
ic
2A/d
uce
ic
ui
Uip1
Uip2
Uip3
50V
10mV
200ns
SAVE
uCE
50V/d
uCE
50V/d
ic
2A/d
ic
2A/d
0
50V
50V
10mV
20
s
SAVE
0
-ui
5V/d
Uip3
Uip2
ic
2A/d
0
50V
10mV
20
s
SAVE
10mV
100ns
SAVE
?1 0 331.7.10
=
t1
140.10 9
331,7.10
140.10 9
= 2.369 V .
29
5 Conclusion
The performed analyses indicate that the fast power
field effect transistor switching can produce the induced
voltage with the value of some volts up to some tenths
of volts in the nearby circuits. It is also evident that the
magnitude of the induced voltage depends on the
magnetic flux slope. This means that fast switching of
small currents can generate large peaks of the induced
voltage, too.
(15)
Similarly, it is possible to calculate the rest of the
peaks of the induced voltage ui:
?2 331.7.10 9 55.3.10 9 276.4.10 9
=
=
= 5.025 V
t2
55.10 9
55.10 9
(16)
9
9
0 173 .7 .10
?3 173 .7 .10
=
=
= 2 .171 V .
=
80 .10 9
80 .10 9
t3
Uip2 =
U ip3
6 References
[1]
[2]
[3]
(17)
Fig. 11. The finite element simulation method of the magnetic field
7 Acknowledgement
The paper has been prepared by the support of the Slovak grant
projects No.1/0376/2003 and No. 1/1084/2004 and 1/1084/04.