En Smartcitiesstudy

SMARTCITIESSTUDY:
InternationalstudyonthesituationofICT,innovation
andKnowledgeincities
Publishedby:
TheCommitteeofDigitalandKnowledgebasedCitiesofUCLG
ChairedbyIakiAzkuna,MayoroftheCityofBilbao
Bilbao,2012
2
FOREWORD
Social and economic globalization is making the world 'more uniform', and cities are being seen as centres of economic attraction, that disseminate
knowledge and culture and where talent can be cultivated and developed. Proof of this is that in 2008, for the first time in history, half of the world's
population was living in urban areas, and predictions raise the percentage to 70% in 2050.
Cities account for the bulk of economic wealth and integrate some strategic sectors completely, such as the financial sector. That is why the challenge and
work facing cities should focus on creating a new social and economic fabric based on creativity, innovation and new technologies.
Cities need public administrations, businesses and citizens that have a greater technological capacity, more entrepreneurial and innovative, more creative and
better informed. These values, along with other social values, such as integration, transparency, participation, social cohesion and sustainability, will lead to
competitive cities. Smart Cities.
The local strategy to make a city more competitive should address a comprehensive set of areas of development:
Knowledge: Only societies with high skill levels can compete on a global stage. This includes initial knowledge (vocational and university education) and
lifelong learning (postgraduate, doctoral, lifelong education). In this sense, Universities are key elements.
Definitely, one of the challenges we face is to retain the talent that comes out of these universities, to recover it, and even attract it.
Technology: Technological development, supported by Innovation, is essential to offer competitive products and services. In addition to Research &
Development, we must also promote innovation, which includes areas such as new means of marketing and more efficient organisational and managerial
systems.
Leadership: The leadership of public institutions in new technologies and innovation must be visible. A city must have a development strategy, but it is not
enough if the agents do not believe in it and do not develop it in a coordinated and organised manner.
Cooperation and partnerships: In a global world we must base our work on the Network concept, thus acquiring the resources (financial, knowledge, talent)
we need.
In short, we must work to achieve creative and talented cities that are innovative and highly technological.
IakiAzkuna
MayorofBilbao
ChairmanoftheCommitteeofDigitalandKnowledgebasedCitiesofUCLG
3
TableofContents
ExecutiveSummary
1. Citiesinthedigitalage,innovationandknowledge
1.1Ajourneythatbeganin2005
TheSecondWorldSummitontheInformationSociety
CommitmentbyLocalAuthoritiestoimplementaLocalDigitalAgendaintheirTerritories
TheCommitteeofDigitalandKnowledgebasedCitiesofUCLG
1.2Evolutionfromdigitalcitiestoinnovativecities
Conceptofasmartandinnovativecity
Characteristicsandfactorsofasmartcity
2. SmartCitiesStudy:Theneedtoassesstheprogressmadebycities
2.1Methodologyimplementedtoconductthestudy
2.2Citiesparticipatinginthestudy
Sociodemographicdata
3. SmartIndicators
3.1 SmartEconomy
PenetrationofICTuseinbusinesses
Financialpromotion
Retainingandattractingtalentandpromotingcreativity
Entrepreneurship.Supportforentrepreneurship
Businessspaces
Internationalization
6
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
27
28
29
30
32
40
43
48
56
4
3.2 SmartPeople
Educationandtraining
eLearning
Lifelongtraining
HumanCapital
R&D&i
3.3 SmartGovernance
LocalPublicspendingonICT
Websiteavailability
StrategicplanstopromoteeGovernmentandICT
Onlinepublicservices
Transparentgovernance
eDemocracy
PromotingICTandinnovation
3.4SmartMobility
ConnectivityandICTinfrastructure
PublicInternetAccess
3.5 SmartEnvironment
Securityandtrust
Cultureandidentity
3.6 SmartLiving
eHealth
AccessibilityandeInclusion
68
69
74
81
83
85
86
87
88
90
94
98
99
102
103
104
110
115
116
119
122
123
127
ExecutiveSummary
5.Conclusions
Over the past six years, cities around the world have been working to meet the
commitment entered into at the Bilbao Summit to develop the Information
Society in their territories and they have taken a step further with a view to
promoting innovation and knowledge management processes, two key factors
to achieve the competitiveness of cities.
The same trend can be observed regarding the penetration of Internet usage
for ecommerce in companies. However, although the number of companies
with websites is increasing, the percentage of companies that take advantage
of ecommerce opportunities, either to buy or sell through the Internet, is still
small.
The rapid development of new technologies and of innovation processes has

resulted in a new city model, the famous "Smart City". A type of city that uses
new technologies to make them more liveable, functional, competitive and
modern through the use of new technologies, the promotion of innovation and
knowledge management, bringing together 6 key fields of performance: the
economy, mobility , the environment, citizenship, quality of life and, finally,
management.
Economic promotion
This study gives us an overview of the current situation of cities in different

regions of the world, in terms of these fields, and allows us to identify particular
experiences and good practices, facilitating the exchange and learning among
cities.
One of the main instruments cities use to promote economic and social
development in their territories are the Local Development Agencies. They seek
to leverage local resources, promote employment and entrepreneurship.
Evidence of this trend is that the vast majority of cities (75%) has a Local
Development Agency. This trend however does not exist in African cities, a
region where the percentage of cities with Local Development Agency is still
limited.
Below are the main findings from the study on the situation of the cities in each
of the fields.
On the other hand, and with the aim of encouraging economic development,
cities have sought to promote sectors that are considered strategic for the
future economic and social development of their territories, either by
developing sectoral strategic plans or by promoting certain industries, especially
those based on technology, innovation and creativity.
1. Smart economy
Retaining and attracting talent and promoting creativity
The economy (Smart Economy) refers to cities with "smart" industries,

especially in the areas of information and communication technology (ICT) as
well as other industries that involve ICT in their production processes.
Other key factors in a "smart" economy include retaining and attracting talent
and fostering creativity. Cities are increasingly aware of the need to have well
educated, creative and entrepreneurial citizens in order to be more competitive.
Penetration of ICT use in businesses
It is for this reason that most cities (65%) have developed some kind of initiative
to attract and retain talent in their territory, but this trend is more intense in
Europe and Asia.
The reality of the New Digital Society affects companies, just as it affects
people, whatever their size. Companies must adapt to this reality, adapting their
culture and they way they organise work to the digital economy. In that sense,
although there are differences between regions in Europe and Asia compared
with Latin America and Africa, regarding the degree of penetration of new
technologies in businesses, the number of companies that have computers and
Internet connections is on the increase.
Some cities have developed very interesting experiences, as is the case of the
"Do it in Barcelona" programme, the "Plan for the Promotion of Creative
Industries" in the city of Bilbao, or the "Programme to boost R&D&i in SMEs"
from the city of Taipei, among others.
5.Conclusions
Support for entrepreneurship

Furthermore, regarding support for entrepreneurship, another key factor for
the present and future competitiveness of any territory, most cities (68%) have
developed some type of programme to support entrepreneurship in cities,
except in Africa, where the number of cities that have developed such initiatives
is very small.
Note that most cities channel activities that promote creative industry through
their Local Development Agencies. The type of initiatives they put in place
includes organising awareness workshops and training, development of
entrepreneurship contests and advice on innovative projects, among other
aspects.
Business spaces
In addition to seeking to attract and retain talent and promote
entrepreneurship, cities must also cities have infrastructure to support business
activities in their territories, such as science or technology parks, industrial parks
and business incubators. In this regard, it is noteworthy that most cities have
some sort of corporate promotional space. Once again, we must mention the
gap with cities in Africa, where the development of such infrastructure is not yet
widespread.
We must highlight interesting experiences such as those carried out in Latin
America by the city of Guatemala with its Intecap ICT Centre (Guatemala
Technology Campus), or the Technopark in the Mexican city of Colima.
In the case of Europe, the city of Barcelona has various business areas such as
the Barcelona Nord Technology Park, the 22@Barcelona project, the Biomedical
Research Park, the Industrial Free Zone or the Glries Business Incubator;
Bilbao, like the city of Barcelona, also has various business areas, such as the
Technological Park of Bizkaia and the Science Park of the University of the
Basque Country as well as the future Zorrotzaurre Urban Technology Park
together with a number of business park in the metropolitan area.
The cities of Helsinki and Madrid have also developed very interesting projects.
Helsinki has a Science and Business Park and the Enterprise Helsinki business
incubator, while Madrid has the Viclvaro Industrial Factory and the Business
Incubator Network of the City of Madrid.
On the other hand, in Asia, the city of Taipei has developed on of the pioneering
technology sector promotion infrastructures in the world with the Taipei
Technology Corridor.
Another key factor for the economic development of smart cities is
internationalization. Globalization involves the need for cities to address the
most effective strategies to join global exchange circuits. Strategies that serve
to enhance the value of the territory and that take steps towards the
construction of a sustainable and competitive development model.
Cities are becoming more aware of this need. Proof of this is that most cities
(65%) have developed some sort of plan or strategy for the international
promotion of the city. Such initiatives are taken primarily in Asia and Europe.
Internationalization initiatives undertaken by cities include developing specific
plans, organising international events and promoting twinning or agreements
with other cities.
Furthermore, in order to achieve the internationalization of their territories,
cities have also sought to develop flagship projects seeking international
recognition. Proof of this is that 75% of cities had developed some sort of
flagship project though, as in the previous case, there is still a gap regarding
African cities in this area.
In addition to developing flagship strategies and projects, cities are aware of the
need to share their experiences and knowledge with other cities; this is why
cities (75%) belong to UCLG and to other international and regional thematic
associations.
5.Conclusions
2. Smart people
The differentiating element between a digital city and a smart city is Smart
People. People are smart in terms of their skill and educational levels, as well as
the quality of social interaction in terms of integration and public life and their
ability to open to the "outside" world.
Education and Training
A key element in the development of cities is having welleducated citizens. In
this sense, there is an increasing percentage of the population with higher
education, bringing the percentage of population with university degrees to
between 0% and 25% in most cities (67%), a trend that increases in European and
Asian cities.
In addition, most cities (62%) believe that the University has a strong presence in
the city. This reflects the importance of Universities in generating a particular
city model. This positive trend can be seen mostly in European and Asian cities.
Given this need for incorporating new digital learning resources, the percentage
of cities that have digital development plans for their schools is growing (50%);
however, there is a gap regarding cities in Africa and Latin America, where the
percentage of cities with some type of plan is still small.
We can highlight interesting experiences, such as the city of Bilbao and its 2.0
School Programme, Taipei City's project known as "eFuture Classroom", the
Comprehensive School Connectivity Programme (PICE) 20082012 in Mexico City
or the Digital Schools Plan in the French city of Limoges.
With regard to the penetration of ICT in education, there are some very positive
data, since in most of the cities (78%) the percentage of schools connected to
the Internet is very high, ranging between 76% and 100%. This contrasts however
with the percentage of teachers using new technologies for educational
purposes, reaching, in most cities (46%) between 0% and 25%. This percentage
increases however in European and Asian cities.
In addition to having welleducated citizens and a university with a major

presence in the city, another priority is to adapt the educational offer, especially
considering the changes that society is going through due to globalization and
the advancement of new technologies. However, in this regard, most cities
(53%) believe that the education offered by their cities does not adapt to the
demands of the current market. This percentage is particularly higher in Africa
and Latin America.
New technologies contribute to improving people's education and training and,

in that sense, virtual education offers many benefits, such as reduced costs,
flexible hours and greater interaction. However, despite these benefits, the
percentage of cities that have promoted some type of elearning programme is
very small (30%). Despite this negative figure, some cities have developed very
interesting experiences, like the Digital Baccalaureate (B@DI) in Mexico City,
the Distance Vocational Education Centre in Bilbao, the "eCampus" Digital
Learning Network in Taipei or the Digital Working Space in the city of Limoges.
eLearning
Lifelong training
New technologies are evolving at breakneck speed; therefore, it is important to

design digital development plans in classrooms that mainly focus on closing the
digital divide, promoting the digital skills of teachers and incorporating the new
generation of digital learning resources.
Lifelong education is becoming an increasingly important element in new

labour market dynamics. Evidence of this trend is that most cities (60%) have
implemented measures to promote lifelong learning. This trend can be seen
mostly in European and Asian regions. We can highlight projects such as the
Cibernrium Project in Barcelona or the various lifelong training programmes
for adults and seniors developed in the city of Taipei.
Human Capital
Website availability
Universities and Research Centres are key players in the innovation ecosystem.
This is why cities are increasingly aware of the need to promote cooperation
between companies and knowledge centres, so as they may contribute to the
economic and social development of their cities. Proof of this is that 68% of
cities have developed some form of action for this line, especially in Europe,
Africa and Latin America.
Internet has become a major channel of communication, to the point that cities
must include new tools of online marketing and communication in their
promotion strategies. Evidence of this need and tendency is that the vast
majority of cities (93%) has a web site as their main channel of communication
with the public.
R&D&i
Public Administrations play a key role in transforming the innovation system
through their ability to develop infrastructure, support emerging sectors and
encourage R&D&i. This is why most cities dedicate a percentage of their
revenue on R&D in their territories. The average percentage of revenue
dedicated to R&D stands at 1.59%.
3. Smart Governance
Smart Governance includes political and active participation, citizenship services
and the smart use of eGovernment. In addition, it often relates to the use of
new communication channels, such as egovernment or "edemocracy".
Local Public spending on ICT
New technologies represent the first step in Innovation and Competitiveness;
therefore, investment in ICT is an opportunity to enhance the development of a
city through their influence in other sectors and their contribution to the
efficient management of Public Administrations. In this sense, the mean
percentage of Public spending on ICT in cities on the total budget stands at 3%.
Strategic plans to promote eGovernment and ICT

One of the main commitments entered into by Local Authorities at the Bilbao
Summit was precisely the development of Strategic Plans related to the
Information Society. The cities have sought to meet this commitment. Proof of
this is that 64% of cities have developed an eGovernment action plan.
Online public services
The introduction of new technologies to public administrations greatly
improves the productivity and quality of the service offered to citizens and
businesses, providing access to government services at any time and place in a
more convenient, personalised, faster and less expensive manner.
As a result of the implementation of eGovernment plans, more and more cities
are offering the possibility of online services. However the percentage of public
services that can be performed online in most cities (64%) is still small, ranging
from 0% to 25% of the services offered by cities. Among the major online
services offered by cities, we can mention the possibility of filing complaints and
claims, requesting certificates and reports, making payments and debits, online
registrations and paying taxes and fees.
Furthermore, the percentage of cities that offer the possibility of using
electronic signatures for municipal procedures is increasing (54%). Electronic
signatures are legally equivalent to handwritten signatures and allow the
identification of certificate holders, enabling to electronically sign the data being
submitted, so that its integrity and origin can be verified.
10
Regarding the percentage of public employees using computers and connected

to the Internet, the data are conflicting as there are many cities where the
percentage of employees connected to the Internet is high (32%), while there is
a similar percentage (36%) where the said percentage is very low.
Transparent governance
New technologies can be used to enhance democratic processes and increase
opportunities for individuals and communities to interact with the government.
The characteristics of Internet mean that participation is broader, overcoming
the limitations imposed by geography, physical disabilities or other factors. It
also provides access to information by individuals and groups that had not
previously been included.
Fully aware of the importance of promoting more transparent governments,
cities provide the public access to municipal information through their websites.
The institutional information that is most frequently posted by cities refers to
municipal plans, regulations and budgets.
eDemocracy
The socalled electronic democracy involves the use of ICT to improve politics
and citizen participation in democratic communication and decisionmaking
processes. More and more cities have some type of online platform for citizen
participation (62%); this trend can mostly be seen European and Asian cities.
Among major the major online participation platforms used by cities we can
mention email and the use of chats and forums. Other platforms are also widely
used; such as online surveys and social networks, the latter being used mainly
by young people.
In addition to promoting citizen participation as a means of promoting e
Democracy, another tool used to promote and facilitate the involvement of all
citizens in political issues is the possibility of electronic voting. Although great
technological advances have been made in this field to ensure the legitimacy of
these electronic processes, the percentage of cities that use this possibility is
still very low (15%).
Promoting ICT and Innovation

It is important that in addition to developing online services and promoting e
Government, cities seek to raise awareness and promote the importance of ICT
and Innovation among the public and businesses. Despite this need, the
percentage of cities that organise events related to ICT and innovation is small
(46%). Most of the events organised by cities are aimed at bringing together
trend leaders, experts, entrepreneurs, academics, institutions, the media and
investors from the fields of innovation, technology and Internet to discuss the
challenges and technological developments and how they affect cities.
4. Smart mobility
Smart Mobility has to do with providing the public with access to new
technologies, and the use of these in everyday urban life.
Connectivity and ICT infrastructure
Internet has revolutionised the way we interact, learn, entertain and work.
Today it is hard to imagine our life without Internet. Proof of this is the fact that
the percentage of Internet users in most cities (41%) is very high, ranging
between 76% and 100%.
In response to the needs of users and to the ever increasing demand for
Internet, cities have worked to increase the percentage of broadband or high
speed Internet coverage in their territories. In most cities (70 %), between 76%
and 100% of the municipal territory is covered by broadband services.
Given this trend, the percentage of people subscribed to broadband services
has also increased in most cities; in 40% of them, the percentage of the
population subscribed to broadband services stands between 76% and 100% .
This trend can be seen especially in Europe and Asia.
11
In addition to the increased use of computers, the use of mobile phones has
also proven to be one of the most widely used means of communication in
cities. Proof of this is that, in most of cities (62%), the percentage of the
population subscribed to mobile phone services is between 76% and 100%, and,
furthermore, in cities like Helsinki, Taipei and Mexico City, a high percentage of
the population has more than a mobile phone.
Linked to this trend of using mobile phones and the emergence in our lives in
recent years of smartphones and mobile devices, there has been an increase in
the percentage of people who use mobile Internet services.
Public Internet Access
More and more cities have WiFi hotspots around town with the aim of
extending the benefits of the Information Society to all citizens. These hotspots
enable citizens to connect, browse the Internet and perform online
transactions offered by the municipality.
In addition to providing WiFi access points in public spaces, cities also provide
municipal spaces where computers with Internet connection are placed at the
disposal of the public.
In addition, in some cases, cities have reached some kind of agreement with
ISPs with a view to providing the public with the opportunity of subscribing a
highquality Internet connection at reasonable prices. Although such initiatives
are not yet widespread, there are some very interesting experiences, such as
those carried out by the city of Taipei with its "Wireless TaipeiTaipei Infinity"
initiative , or by the city of Durban through the deployment of a Next
Generation Network and its wholesale to the private sector.
5. Smart environment
Smart environment refers to the use of new technologies to protect and
preserve a city's environment.
Security and trust
The level of risk in cities and regions is increasing rapidly, particularly in
developing countries, where town development does not always take place in
an orderly manner. New technologies, therefore, offer the possibility of making
safer cities.
A growing number of cities have implemented systems to improve citizen
security based on ICT. The main system used is video surveillance. New
technologies are also used to improve computer systems with a view to
managing incidents and emergencies.
Culture and identity
The use of new technologies can contribute to cultural transmissions and to the
maintenance and strengthening of cultural identities. A growing number of
cities have promoted some type of initiative to digitize and share their cultural
heritage, especially in the cities of Asia and Europe.
6. Smart living
Talking about smart living is to compile several aspects that substantially
improve the quality of life of citizens, such as culture, health, safety, housing,
tourism, etc.
eHealth
The application of new technologies in ways that affect health care, from
diagnosis to monitoring patients, including the management of the
organisations involved in these activities, is defined as eHealth.
12
eHealth provides citizens with considerable advantages in terms of

information, and even favours the availability of alternative diagnoses and of
remote treatment or teleassistance.
Through the use of new technologies, citizens can enjoy a number of online
medical services, including key services such as requesting an appointment on
line or the possibility of having a digital record. However, the percentage of
cities that offer such possibilities is still small.
Within this field, there are some interesting experiences, such as those carried
out by the city of Barcelona with its 'Digital Literacy Plan" and by the city of
Mexico with its "Actions for Inclusion and Equality in Education" Programme, or
the programs and initiatives targeting specific groups conducted by the city of
Malm, among other experiences.
The percentage of cities that have some sort of electronic health card is also
small. Cities in Europe and Asia are primarily starting to use this system.
Another eHealth benefit is the possibility of accessing remote home services,
alarm systems or remote patient monitoring systems. Although the number of
cities that offer these systems is still limited, we can highlight initiatives such as
the "Telecare" project in Taipei, the remote alarm system used in the city of Le
Havre or the "A help button" offered in Mexico City, among others.
Accessibility and eInclusion
ICT can enhance the capabilities of people with special needs, providing them
with autonomy, independence and access to services that had not always been
available to them. This is why the use of ICT should focus mainly on two
objectives: solving deficiencies and enhancing capabilities.
eInclusion aims to eliminate the digital divide; i.e. the gap between those who
use Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a routine part of
their daily lives and those who have no access to them or, if they do have access
to them, do not know how to use them. In that sense, more and more cities
(52%) are driving digital inclusion programmes for groups at risk of exclusion.
Such initiatives are conducted primarily in Asia and Europe, while the
percentage of cities in Latin America and Africa that have introduced them is still
small.
13
CHAPTER
1
Citiesinthedigital,innovationand
knowledge age
14
1.Citiesinthedigital,innovationandknowledgeage
Since 1990, the development of Internet and Communication
Technologies has favoured the more or less widespread generation of
initiatives aimed at creating opportunities for communication and
information sharing by local or regional communities.
Early experiences often arise spontaneously and circumstantially in the
shape of citizen forums or within certain groups in order to address
common issues, to the point that each circle or forum has different
objectives. This phenomenon first appeared in the U.S. and then moved
on to Europe and Asia.
Local Authorities are aware that in recent decades the development of

information and communication technologies (ICT), innovation and
knowledge has increased, making them increasingly present in daily life
and basic components in the social and economic progress of their
territories.
The world is becoming increasingly digital and noone can remain
unaffected by these changes. A change process of such enormous
proportions and a climate of uncertainty about the resulting social model
require Local Authorities, as the public authorities closest to the citizens,
to provide an appropriate response.
15
The Second World Summit on the Information Society

The II World Summit of Local Authorities on
the Information Society held in November
2005 in Bilbao, was part of an overall
reflection process on the Information
Society led by the UN, the World Summit
on the Information Society (WSIS), which
arose from the belief that the use of New
Information
and
Communication
Technologies is a universal right that should
be available to everyone.
The importance of this World Summit lies in the fact that, for the first time in UN
history, the private sector and civil society, including local authorities, were
allowed to participate in a World Summit, where until recently only states could
participate.
The Bilbao Summit enabled us to establish the position of Local Authorities in a
Declaration and a Plan of Action that were subsequently presented at the
conclusion of the second phase of the "World Summit on the Information
Society" (Tunis, 1618 November 2005), to share experiences and knowledge and
to demonstrate the central role that can be played by Local Authorities to bring
the Information Society to all people.
The Bilbao Summit was also supported by the UN through UNITAR, and by a
range of organisations, such as United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG),
Citynet, eris@, CALRE, Global Cities Dialogue, FLACMA, the European
Commission, the Committee of the Regions, the Digital Solidarity Fund, etc.
The Bilbao World Summit sought to overcome the "digital divide" with the
support of local authorities, who best know the needs of the their citizens.
During the Summit, more than 2,000 local authorities met to define a common
strategy on the Information Society and to work for full access to the
information society in their cities and regions.
16
Commitment by Local Authorities to implement a Local Digital Agenda in their Territories

The local authorities participating in the Second World Summit of Local Authorities
on the Information Society agreed to act in this field to share digital development
with other cities and regions in order to create inclusive cities and municipalities
and implement the use of ICT as tools for development.
The Local Digital Agenda is the main contribution of the Bilbao Declaration, the
result and the culmination of the political work conducted by the local authorities.
The local authorities signed the Declaration of Bilbao, the effective contribution of
local authorities to the United Nations World Summit on the Information Society,
which determines the main priorities in this area for the next decade.
The commitments made a local and regional levels[1]:

To work actively towards the development of our cities and regions, using
Information and Communication Technologies as an instrument for sustainable
development in all its dimensions, for each and every community, to bridge the
NorthSouth divide, and for all citizens, against marginalisation and social
division;
To implement in our cities and regions an elocal agenda (Digital Local Agenda),
designed to promote the Information Society, taking into account in particular
the socioeconomic and cultural environment, and based on the broad
participation of citizens and social actors, with the ultimate objective of
fostering sustainable development;
To strengthen the enabling role of local and regional authorities in
guaranteeing adequate and secure technological infrastructure and in
promoting ICTbased applications for inclusive services;
To promote, insofar as it is possible, the use of free software and other tools
that facilitate inclusion and digital solidarity;
To facilitate the mobilisation of resources for digital inclusion, by engaging, if
necessary, in new financing mechanisms;
To prompt all local and regional organisations involved in the development of a
more equitable Information Society to implement the commitments of this
Declaration.
SigningoftheDeclarationofBilbao,November2005
[1]
PoliticalDeclarationofthe"IIWorldSummitofCitiesandLocalAuthoritiesontheInformation
Society
17
The Committee of Digital and Knowledgebased Cities of UCLG

To achieve the objectives set during the Bilbao Summit, the UCLG Committee on
the Information Society was established in 2005, Chaired by the City of Bilbao,
to reduce the digital divide and implement local digital agendas as a means to
improve the quality of life of citizens of decentralised governments.
The Commission has sought to promote the development of a shared vision and
joint measures among local governments in favour of an inclusive Information
Society that promotes the reduction of the digital divide.
In November 2009, it was deemed necessary, in addition to continuing with the
work the Committee was performing to share digital development in solidarity
with other cities and regions that are still far from reaching this goal, to provide
the Committee with a broader scope, based on the pursuit of the competitive
excellence of local governments through knowledge management and
innovation in cities and municipalities.
With this in mind, the members of the Committee, and subsequently the UCLG
World Council , adopted the decision to change the name of the Committee on
the Information Society to the "Committee of Digital and Knowledgebased
Cities". A new name that responds to new objectives and that is in line with the
work performed by the Committee.
The Committee of Digital and Knowledgebased Cities (CDC) of UCLG is seeking
to create an efficient network of cooperation made up of Local Authorities with
a view to seizing any opportunities that new information and communication
technologies (ICT), innovation and knowledge may offer, and share those
opportunities, assimilate them and adapt them to local needs to create new
opportunities for all.
www.citieslocalgovernments.org/committees/cdc
18
The aim is to achieve an alliance between the various members of the Committee
to achieve a competitive economy driven by local authorities in which
knowledge, innovation and new technologies (ICT) are created, transmitted,
acquired and used to promote the economic and social development of the
community.
The Committee's thematic areas:
The committee's fields of work:
1. Dissemination of the Local Digital Agenda model, whose momentum has

been the main task of the Committee over the last four years, and that
continues to be an extremely useful tool to advance the goal of digital,
competitive and collaborative cities in a structured and planned manner,
while also advancing the Smart City Agenda.
2. Identification and strengthening of the factors that make cities innovative,
such as attracting and generating knowledge, improving education and
learning throughout life, and support from local powers for economic
sectors based on creativity and technological knowledge.
3. Positioning of cities as leaders in territorial innovation processes for their
ability to articulate highly participatory and efficient networks.
4. Creating an efficient cooperative network consisting of UCLG member
cities to tap into the creativity, innovation and knowledge with a view to
sharing, assimilating and adapting to local needs and thus create new
opportunities for all.
19
The Committee considers it is necessary to work on the competitive
pursuit of excellence in local government through knowledge
management and innovation in cities and municipalities.
Information technology and knowledge are a lever for innovation, a tool
for managing knowledge and raising productivity and, hence, local
competitiveness. Because the infinite amount of information on the
Web is useless unless you are able to capture, organise, analyse and
transform it into a shared asset that improves the quality of life of
citizens.
Cities must generate a virtual space of interaction between citizens, the
private sector and government that promotes an inclusive Information
Society, which uses Internet and Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT) to create an advanced model of community that
fosters the sustainable economic and social development of cities based
on ICT.
The relationship between knowledge, innovation and competitiveness is

very clear. Therefore, that is our goal: to build competitive cities based on
knowledge management and innovation. Achieving this involves having
wellprepared and educated people, the political will of a committed
government with a strategic vision, with supporting infrastructure, with a
culture that encourages change in that direction. All this with a planned
strategy and a longterm vision.
It involves an integrated concept of development based on participation
in community dynamics to achieve common interests, in knowledge
management to act effectively in the various fields of local activity, the
provision of resources and motivation to innovate and create, and
participation in a network of networks and interconnections within and
beyond the community. Because you cannot innovate in isolation, you
need a context of interaction. We are talking about a creative process
that involves all actors in society and in which cooperation and
networking are key elements.
In this context, the Digital Local Agenda represents a strategic tool to

achieve digital cities in a planned and structured manner.
It is important that cities seek to integrate their communities'
intellectual capital, knowledge, in their economy and to develop
knowledgebased services, with access to that knowledge and to
universal, systematic, effective and efficient ICTs that are capable of
attracting and retaining talent.
20
Concept of a smart and innovative city

Traditionally, a Smart City has been defined as a city that uses information and communications technology to make both its critical infrastructure, its components and utilities
more interactive, efficient, making citizens more aware of them.
In a broader definition, a city can be considered as "smart" when its investment in human and social capital and in communications infrastructure actively promote sustainable
economic development and a high quality of life, including the wise management of natural resources through participatory government[2].
[2] Smart Cities Study: a first step towards the Internet of things by Fundacin Telefnica
21
Characteristics and factors of a Smart City

In preparing this study, we used the Smart City model, which identifies the presence and convergence of six areas: economy, mobility, environment, citizenship, quality of life,
and, finally, management[3].
A city can be defined as smart when it displays a positive performance in these six areas, and when it has been built based on a "smart" combination of elements
(communication, infrastructure, economic development) and on purposeful and independent citizen activities (participation, education ) that make sound management of
natural resources through participatory governance.
AreasandfactorsthatdefineaSmartCity
Economy
PenetrationofICTuseinbusinesses.
Financialpromotion.
Retainingandattractingtalentandpromoting
creativity.
Entrepreneurship.Supportfor
entrepreneurship.
Businessspaces.
Internationalization.
Mobility
ConnectivityandICTinfrastructure.
PublicInternetAccess.
[3]
Citizens
Education and training.

eLearning.
Lifelong training.
Human Capital.
R&D&i.
Environment
Securityandtrust.
Cultureandidentity.
Management
StrategicplanstopromoteeGovernmentand
ICT.
Onlinepublicservices.
Transparentgovernance.
eDemocracy.
PromotingICTandInnovation.
QualityofLife
eHealth.
AccessibilityandeInclusion.
R. Giffi nger, C. Fertner, H. Kramar, R. Kalasek, N. PichlerMilanovic and E. Meijers, Smart Cities Ranking of European MediumSized Cities, Research Report, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna,
Austria, 2007
22
CHAPTER
2
SmartCitiesStudy:Theneedtoassess
theprogressmadebycities
23
2.SMARTCitiesStudy:Theneedtoassesstheprogressmadebycities
In 2005, during the II World Summit of Cities and Local Authorities on the
Information Society held in Bilbao, the Local Authorities present pledged to
work for the achievement of full access to the Information Society in their cities
and regions through the implementation of Digital Local Agendas, local
electronic strategies for the development of the information society in a given
region.
Now, after more than five years, it is time to take stock.
The study does NOT seek to rank cities.
The study is intended as a reference document for UCLG members showing
members' progress with respect to ICT, innovation and knowledge.
This analysis is based on a number of monitoring indicators that allow us to know

whether we are working in the appropriate direction to achieve more competitive
cities/municipalities.
It also seeks to identify good experiences that will lead to the subsequent
exchange of knowledge between cities.
In order to identify the current situation of cities, over 70 questions covering
areas related to elements that comprise digital cities and knowledge were set out
and a data collection form was designed.
The form was made available to members in electronic format and could be
accessed on the Committee's website in digital format, where it was also
available for downloading.
In order to notify members of the existence of this study and to encourage them
to participate by completing the information collection form, the following
distribution channels were used:
A notification letter was sent to all Committee members
An information section was created on the Committee's website.
News was published on the Committee's website.
Dissemination among members through letters sent by UCLG and by UCLG
regional sections.
24
28 cities around the world contributed to this study by submitting the
information collection form with the required data.
We must mention the wideranging participation in the study of cities from

Europe and Latin America.
Cities participating in the study
AFRICA:
NioroduRip(Senegal)
DistrictofNgakaModiriMolema(South
Africa)
MunicipalityofeThekwiniDurban(South
Africa)
CityofBissau(GuineaBissau)
MokaFlacqDistrictCouncil(Mauritius)
LATINAMERICA:
Charata(Argentina)
MunicipalityofAguadeOro(Argentina)
MunicipalityofLaCosta(Argentina)
MunicipalityofVillaGesell(Argentina)
IMDECRegion MunicipalIntegrationfor
theDevelopmentofEastCatamarqueo
(Argentina)
MunicipalityofPatacamaya(Bolivia)
CityofGuatemala(Guatemala)
MexicoCity(Mexico)
ColimaCity(Mexico)
ASIA:
TaipeiCity(Taiwan R.O.C.)
EUROPE
CityofRoeselare(Belgium)
BarcelonaCityCouncil(Spain)
BilbaoCityCouncil(Spain)
MadridCityCouncil(Spain)
ProvincialCouncilofJaen(Spain)
BordeauxCityCouncil(France)
LHavre CityCouncil(France)
LimogesCityCouncil(France)
CityofHelsinki(Finland)
CityofLappeenranta(Finland)
CityofMalm (Sweden)
CityofLisbon(Portugal)
KatowiceCityCouncil(Poland)
Geographicaldistributionofthecitiesparticipatinginthestudy
Asia
1city
4%
LatinAmerica
9cities
32%
Europe
13cities
46%
Africa
5cities
18%
25
Lappeenranta
Helsinki
Malm
LHavre
Bordeaux
Lisbon
Roeselare
Limoges
Katowice
Bilbao
Barcelona
Madrid
Jan
Taipei
Colima
MexicoCity
Guatemala
NiorduRip
Bissau
Patacamaya
MokaFacq
NgakaModiriMolema
IMDECRegion
Charata
Durban
VillaGesell
Aguadeoro
LaCosta
26
1.EvolutionoftheCitiesintheDigitalAge;InnovationandKnowledge
Sociodemographicdataoftheparticipatingcities
Most cities taking part in the study (68%) are mediumsized or large cities. 32% of
the participating cities have from 100,001 to 1 million inhabitants, and 36% more
than 1 million.
Considering the population of the cities and their geographical distribution, most
of the cities from the African region are large participants; 60% have more than 1
million inhabitants. All other cities have from 20,001 to 100,000 and 100,001 to 1
million inhabitants (20% respectively). Most of them are mediumsized and large.
In the case of Latin America, most of the cities are small to mediumsized. 44% have
from 20,001 to 100,000 inhabitants and 22% have more than 20,000 inhabitants.
Only 22% of participating cities have more than 1 million inhabitants.
Populationbaseddistributionofthecitiesparticipatinginthestudy
In the case of Asia, only Taipei City is participating in the study, and it has over 1
million inhabitants.
Finally, in Europe, most of the cities are mediumsized; 62% have from 100,001 to 1
million inhabitants. On the other hand, 23% have more than 1 million inhabitants
and only 15% have from 20,001 to 100,000.
These data serve as reference to provide an idea of cities' requirements and
solutions.
Similarly, most of the cities have servicefocused economies. In seven cities,
services account for over 50% of GDP, a figure that contrasts with the primary
sector, which only represents between 1% and 10% of GDP in 11 cities.
Distributionbypopulationandregionofthecitiesparticipatinginthestudy
100%
2cities
7%
9cities
32%
22%
90%
7cities
25%
80%
70%
23%
11%
60%
60%
100%
50%
44%
62%
40%
30%
20%
20%
10cities
36%
Upto20.000inhabitants
From20.001to100.000inhabitants
10%
22%
20%
15%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
From100.001to1Millioninhabitants
Morethan1Millioninhabitants
Upto20.000i nha bi ta nts
From20.001to100.000i nha bi ta nts
From100.001to1Mi l l i oni nha bi ta nts
Moretha n1Mi l li oni nha bi ta nts
27
CHAPTER
3
SmartIndicators
28
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
3.1SmartEconomy
The first area, Smart Economy, refers to cities with "smart" industries, especially in the
areas of information and communication technologies (ICT), and other industries that
require ICT in the production processes.
The smart economy also includes factors related to the economic competitiveness of a
territory, such as:
Penetration of ICT use in businesses.
PC and Internet usage in enterprises.
Internet usage penetration for electronic commerce.
Financial promotion.
Local development agencies.
Strategies for the economic development of the city.
Retaining and attracting talent and promoting creativity.

Entrepreneurship. Support for entrepreneurship.
Development of business spaces.
Science and technology parks.
Industrial parks.
Business incubators.
Internationalisation of the city

International promotion strategy for the city.
Development of flagship projects for the city's international positioning.
Participation in international networks.
29
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
PCandInternetusageinenterprises
The reality of the New Digital Society affects companies, just as it affects people,
whatever their size. Companies must adapt to this new reality by adapting their culture
and the way they organise work to the Digital Economy, encouraging higher levels of
commitment from all internal stakeholders of the organisation to the same objectives,
and using the information as a strategic resource to relate to other businesses, meet
customer needs and identify new business opportunities.
Regarding the percentage of companies that have an Internet connection, the

percentage of cities in this case is rather balanced.
Of the 14 cities that responded to this question (4 in Africa, 3 in and Latin America, 1 in
Asia and 6 in Europe), in 72% of them more than 50% of companies are connected to
Internet, and that in 43% of them, between 76% and 100% of companies have an
Internet connection.
Only 21% of the cities have between 0% and 25% of their companies connected to the
Internet.
As part of the study, the cities were asked to state the percentage of businesses that
use PCs and that are connected to Internet. Regarding the question on the percentage
of businesses that have PCs, of the 13 cities that responded to this question (3 from
Africa, 3 from Latin America, 1 from Asia and 6 from Europe), in 69% of them between
76% and 100% of companies used PCs.
PenetrationofPCandInternetusageincompaniesbyregion
PenetrationofPCandInternetusageincompanies
100%
90%
100%
33%
80%
90%
43%
80%
33%
33%
33%
33%
33%
70%
83%
60%
69%
70%
33%
50%
50%
60%
33%
100%
100%
100%
40%
50%
29%
30%
40%
8%
8%
30%
20%
7%
025%
2650%
%companieswithinternet
connection
5175%
17%
0%
0%
%companieswithPC
50%
33%
10%
21%
15%
10%
20%
76100%
%companies %companies %companies %companies %companies %companies %companies %companies

withPC
withinternet
withPC
withinternet
withPC
withinternet
withPC
withinternet
connection
connection
connection
connection
Africa
LatinAmerica
0 - 25%
26 - 50%
Asia
51 - 75%
Europe
76 - 100%
30
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Internetusagepenetrationforelectroniccommerce
With respect to the degree Internet usage for electronic commerce, the
percentage of companies that have a website differs considerably. In most of the
cities, fewer than 50% of companies have internet, and in 23% of cities only
between 1% and 25% of businesses have a website. Only in 23% of the cities, the
percentage of firms that have a website reaches levels between 76% and 100%.
The regions in which the percentage of businesses with a website is highest are
Africa and Europe. We have no information regarding Asia.
Regarding the percentage of companies making sales or purchases online, in both
cases the percentage is very small; between 0% and 25% of the companies make
use of this possibility.
PenetrationofInternetusageforelectroniccommerce.
PenetrationofInternetusageforelectroniccommercebyregion.
100%
23%
27%
80%
23%
50%
50%
100%
100%
40%
31%
30%
64%
64%
30%
40%
50%
66%
70%
50%
50%
100%
67%
50%
20%
50%
34%
60%
50%
33%
10%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
%companieswithwebsite
025%
Europe
Asia
Africa
Asia
Latin
America
%comaniesthatdiat %companiesthatdo
least5%oftheir
atleast5%oftheir
purchasesininternet salesthroughinternte
Europe
%companieswith
website
Latin
America
0%
0
Africa
0%
Europe
23%
10%
Asia
20%
33%
50%
60%
60%
40%
80%
Latin
America
70%
36%
Africa
90%
17%
90%
9%
100%
%companiesthatdoatleasta5% %companiesthatdoatleast5%
oftheirpurchasesininternet
oftheirsalesininternet
2650%
5175%
76100%
31
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Financialpromotion
Financialpromotion
Localdevelopmentagencies
Local Development Agencies are dependent on the municipalities and are

dedicated to intermediation tasks and to promoting and supporting the
economic development of their municipalities. Consequently, they are entities
that provide a public service, the object of which is to promote economic and
social development, promoting local resources, employment and
entrepreneurship.
We must highlight the European region, where 100% of the cities that responded
to the question have Local Development Agencies. Latin America follows, a
region where 71% of the cities that responded to the question have local
development agencies. In the case of Asia, the Taipei City also has an Agency.
We must also highlight Africa, where none of the cities that responded to the
question have a Local Development Agency.
Below are some examples of Local Development Agencies in certain cities.
Of the 19 cities (3 in Africa, 7 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 8 in Europe) that

responded to this question, 74% has a local or regional development agency.
Doesthecityhavealocaleconomicdevelopmentagency?
%ofcitiesthathavealocaleconomicdevelopmentagencybyregion
No
5cities
26%
100%
100%
90%
100%
80%
70%
71%
60%
50%
40%
Yes
14cities
74%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
32
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Financialpromotion
Economic Development Agency "Madrid Emprende"

Madrid
Its function is to design municipal economic development

policies for the city of Madrid, with a priority focus on
territorial rebalancing, through the implementation of
actions in the areas of business infrastructure, fostering
innovation, promoting the competitiveness of SMEs and
entrepreneurship, the development of European projects,
internationalization of Madrid's economy, analysis of
Madrid's economy and, in general, all actions that may
favour the city's economic development.
http://madridemprende.esmadrid.com/
Barcelona
Local Development Agency of the City of Barcelona

"Barcelona Activa"
Created in 1986, this municipal company was established as a
business incubator and has promoted 16 projects. Today,
Barcelona Activa is a local and international benchmark
supporting
entrepreneurs,
innovation,
professional
improvement and job creation.
Barcelona Activa offers answers to the 100,000 plus
participants that visit its facilities each year, it oversees more
than 1,000 new business projects each year, over 115
companies are installed in its business incubator and
technology park, more than 30,000 participants receive
services via Porta22, almost 50,000 participants enter the
world of new technologies at the Cibernarium and over 1,000
unemployed people are hired to learn a trade while working.
http://www.barcelonactiva.cat
33
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Financialpromotion
Katowice
Katowice
The Upper Silesian Regional Development Agency Co.

Established in 1992 as a nonprofit organization for the
economic restructuring and development of the region
support. The main shareholder of the Agency is the Silesia
Voivodship (regional authority) having directly more than 50%
of shares. The Agency is well rooted in the regional policy
and developed a network of cooperation with the major
players in the region. The Agency offers the information,
consulting and trainings services for SMEs and local
governments, especially in the field of EU assistance
programs, providing business activities
Havre
Regional Development Agency of Le Havre

Design the economic development strategy of the region of
Le Havre.
Promote the image of the region in France and abroad and
organise dissemination actions.
Identify and promote international investment.
Support implementation and development projects.
http://www.havredeveloppement.com
http://www.garr.pl/
34
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Financialpromotion
Local Economic Development Agency "Bilbao Ekintza"

Bilbao
Taipei
Economic Development
Government are:
Commission
of
Taipei
City
It heads strategic and supportive developments in Bilbao,

ensuring
the
socioeconomic
balance
between
neighborhoods and the people who inhabit them. It offers:
1.Mapping out the medium and longrange policies of economic

development for Taipei City Government.
Knowledge and skills to facilitate access and continuity in the labour

market.
2. Fostering an optimal business climate for enhanced economic

development.
Opportunities to encourage job creation and the implementation of

new business projects.
Support for local businesses and for the economic, business and
strategic development of the city and its neighborhoods.
Innovation resources, management excellence, social responsibility

and technological skills.
Funding formulas for entrepreneurial projects aimed at driving

economic activity and employment.
5.Teaming up with business sectors to hold symposiums and

seminars to strengthen economic development policies
Studies and publications on socioeconomic development that are

placed at the disposal of social institutions and agents
http://english.doed.taipei.gov.tw
3. Combining the financial resources of Taipei City Government

and the private sector to further revitalize Taipeis economy.
4.Approval of major economic construction related investment
plans for Taipei City Government.
http://www.bilbao.net/BilbaoEkintza
35
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Financialpromotion
Colima
Development Agency of the Colima City Council:

It facilitates, promotes and supports economic development
in the Municipality through coordination with the business
community, academia and government, the identification
and promotion of productive projects to attract domestic
and foreign investment in strategic sectors with a view to
strengthening its competitive position, the strengthening of
SMEs, innovation and technological development and the
promotion of tourism, to enhance the economic wellbeing
of its inhabitants.
The agency's mission is to cater for the 8000 operating
licenses registered in the municipality and promote the
establishment of new businesses in the town by providing
training, jobs and funding for the primary purpose of
maintaining and increasing employment opportunities.
http://colima.gob.mx
36
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Financialpromotion
Strategiesfortheeconomicdevelopmentofthecity.
It is important for cities to focus on the design of forwardlooking and strategic

activities and projects for regional economic development.
Therefore, cities were consulted on the strategic lines they were working on.
Madrid
The strategic lines on which Madrid Emprende bases all its

policies, actions and plans are:
1. Renewal of the current economic model
Below are some of the answers.
2. Accelerating the new economic model

This includes several lines of action, one of them is called
Entrepreneurship and Business Management, which
includes a wide range of actions:
Entrepreneurial Culture.
Lappeenranta
Stable economy, highquality and sustainable basic services,

safe and appealing living environment, valued EURussia
operator, national developer of policies and practices, good and
inspiring employer, active promotion of employment
Promoting Innovation.
Investment and Financing.
Developing, Attracting and Retaining Talent.
Eliminating red tape.
Clustering and Networking.
Specialization.
MexicoCity
Fund for the Development of the Software Industry (PROSOFT

FUND). This is a tripartite programme, which aims to promote
the development of the information technology industry by
granting temporary subsidies to projects in the field of
Information Technology and related services
Sustainability.
37
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Financialpromotion
Barcelona Economic Triangle

Barcelona
Catalonia and Barcelona are strongly focusing on a model

for economic growth based on innovation and creativity,
fully integrated into the knowledge economy and part of a
new project transformation and development process
that seeks strategic planning and a renewed offer of
economic spaces.
Barcelona Economic Triangle, an excellent example of
these transformations, has three main areas that are
driving activity and creating an economic triangle. Each
vertex is an area with many investment opportunities,
with nearly 7 million m dedicated to knowledgeintensive
activities and with a capacity to generate more than
200,000 new jobs in strategic sectors.
Barcelona Economic Triangle, where innovation and
technology become business opportunities.
Strategy Programme 20092012

Helsinki
Helsinki City Council endorsed the Strategy Programme on

29.4.2009. The Strategy Programme presents the Citys focal
objectives, developing targets and measures for the council
term 2009 2012. The Citys departments, public utilities and
affiliates will implement the Strategy Programme for their part
by organising services to residents and other users.
A. Welfare and Services
B. Competitiveness
C. Urban Structure and Housing
D. Leadership
http://www.hel.fi/hki/taske/en/City+Economy/Corporate+Strate
gies
http://www.barcelonaeconomictriangle.cat
38
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Financialpromotion
Bilbao
The city of Bilbao is focusing on the promotion of the following

strategic sectors for the city:
1. Art, Technology and Design

Art Institutions and Schools
Museums, Galleries and Cultural Centre
Fashion and Industrial Design
Digital Design
Performing Arts
2. Ecotechnology and Urban Solutions
Architecture + Urban Design
Alternative Energy Design
Infrastructure, Sustainable Transportation and Urban Mobility
Transparent Governance
3. Tourism, Health and Quality of Life
Cultural Tourism
Public Health Institutions
Wellness Tourism
Gastronomy
www.bilbao.net/bilbao/BilbaoNext_City_Marketing.pdf
39
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
For the development of cities and for cities to be more competitive, it is

necessary to have educated, creative and entrepreneurial citizens. This requires
cities to develop various lines of action aimed at attracting and retaining talent.
However, this contrasts with Africa, where only 33% of African cities that answered
the question have developed some kind of action. A similar percentage to Latin
America, where 43% of the cities have taken some form of action.
In the case of Asia, Taipei, the only Asian city participating in the study, has
developed some kind of action in this regard.
In this regard, of the 20 cities (3 in Africa, 7 in Latin America, 1 in Asia, 9 in

Europe) that responded to this question, 65% have developed some kind of
action aimed at attracting and retaining talent and fostering creativity.
Below are some of the initiatives developed by the cities in order to attract and
retain talent.
If we consider the distribution by region, we can highlight the high percentage

of European cities that develop some type of action, as almost 89% of European
cities have stated that they have developed plans in this line.
%ofcitiesimplementingactionstoattractandretaintalentandencourage
creativitybyregion
Doesthecitydevelopactionstoattractandretaintalentandencourage
creativity?
100%
No
7cities
35%
100%
90%
89%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
43%
33%
20%
Yes
13cities
65%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
40
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Helsinki
Forum Virium Helsinki

A subsidiary of
digital services
Helsinki, other
residents. The
business, plus
markets.
the City of Helsinki Group, develops new

in cooperation with companies, City of
public sector organizations, and Helsinki
aim is to create better services and new
to open up contacts for international
Forum Virium Helsinki has made Finland and the Helsinki

Metropolitan Area an internationally recognized showcase
for digital services, in the process attracting a number of
toplevel international organizations to invest in their
operations here. Forum Virium Helsinki is the central node
of the EU in the development of digital services. The project
has enabled participating companies to generate significant
international business.
Barcelona
"Do it in Barcelona" Programme

Bacelona City Council programme to attract talent. "Do it in
Barcelona" offers personalised plans to implement
activities in Barcelona successfully:
Emprende: to create or develop a business.
Trabaja: to explore professional career opportunities in
Barcelona.
Investiga: to develop research activities in Barcelona.
Estudia: to take master or postgraduate studies in
Barcelona.
Instlate: support to settle in the city and look for
accommodation and schools.
www.doitinbcn.com
www.forumvirium.fi
41
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Bilbao
Plan to Promote a Creative Economy
Small Business Innovation Research Program

Taipei
The aim is to make creativity a key factor in the city's

development strategy through a series of measures to
support innovation, to encourage the development of creative
skills in businesses and citizens, and promote initiatives in the
field of creativity that are going to take place in Bilbao.
1. Support the development of creative businesses and
initiatives.
2. Support the development of creativity and innovation in all
companies in Bilbao.
Since SMEs constitute the backbone of Taiwanese industry, it

was anticipated that this program would help to reduce the
cost and risk of innovation and R&D for SMEs, thereby helping
to stimulate these activities in the SME sector. Under Taiwans
SBIR plan, SMEs can apply for subsidies covering up to 50% of
the total cost of R&D. This government funding support helps
to reduce the costs and the level of risk that SMEs must bear
when engaging in innovation or R&D. By encouraging SMEs to
undertake the development of new technologies and
products.
http://www.sbir.org.tw
3. Value, retain and attract people with creative talent in/to

Bilbao.
4. Intensify Bilbao's position as a creative city.
Link to plan information
MexicoCity
The programme to enable young people to work with

companies in the Federal District includes, as part of its
system to promote science and technology, the provision
of grants for work placements with companies in the city.
42
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
With regard to supporting entrepreneurship, a key factor for the present and
future competitiveness of any region, of the 19 cities (3 from Africa, 7 from Latin
America, 1 from Asia and 9 in Europe) that responded to the question , 68% have
introduced some kind of initiative to support entrepreneurship in order to
facilitate the implementation of new business projects in their cities.
In the case of Europe, 89% of European cities that responded to the question have
introduced some kind of initiative to support entrepreneurship in their cities. In the
case of Asia, Taipei City has also developed some kind of initiative. In Latin
America, the percentage is also high, with 71% of cities introducing some line of
action
In that sense, we can highlight the high percentage of cities that have
developed some kind of action to support entrepreneurship in Europe, Asia and
Latin America.
This contrasts significantly with Africa, where none of the cities that responded to
the question has developed any kind of action to promote entrepreneurship in
their cities.
Below are some experiences developed by cities.
Doesthecity/municipalityhaveanactionplantosupportcitizen
entrepreneurship?
No
6cities
32%
%ofcitieswithanactionplantosupportentrepreneurshipbyregion
100%
100%
90%
89%
80%
70%
71%
60%
50%
40%
Yes
13cities
68%
30%
20%
0%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
43
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Barcelona
In the city of Barcelona, the creation of new companies is channelled through

Barcelona Activa, Bacelona's Local Development Agency. Since its inception in 1986,
almost 7,000 companies have been established. The programmes developed and
dedicated to entrepreneurship are:
Programme "Entrepreneurship with Barcelona Activa is easy". On a daily basis,
and through collective briefings, different options and resources are introduced
that enable entrepreneurs to set up their businesses.
Resource Centre for Entrepreneurs. An area where information, interactive
media, expert guidance and content to start a business in good conditions can
be found.
BarcelonaNETactiva entrepreneur portal From which to access content for the
creation of companies like a formalities Guide, a Funding Search Guide, an Idea
Test to validate a business idea, and an Online Business Plan.
Online Business Plan. Interactive pedagogical format tool that enables users to
complete a business plan, step by step and safely.
"What you need to know to become an entrepreneur" Programme. Daily
activities programme in the shape of 3hour seminars that address current issues
that are of interest to entrepreneurs.
Customised programmes. Adapted according to specific needs, to accompany a
business plan based on the profile of the entrepreneur or sector.
ODAME school for women entrepreneurs. The ODAME School of Women
Entrepreneurs brings over 20 years of experience providing women
entrepreneurs with advice, training and networking.
Barcelona Equal Entrepreneurship Programme. For women with family
responsibilities, unemployed or longterm unemployed, immigrants and people
with disabilities.
www.barcelonactiva.cat
44
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Bilbao
In the city of Bilbao, support for entrepreneurs is channelled through the Local
Development Agency, Bilbao Ekintza. Some initiatives developed are:
Day of the Entrepreneur. A yearly event of an informative, fun and social
nature that recognises and rewards the work of entrepreneurs in Bilbao.
Learning become an entrepreneur. Programme aimed at schools in
Bilbao to encourage entrepreneurship among younger people. This
project proposes to find an idea and develop a business plan. A "Learning
to become an Entrepreneur Idea Contest" is held every year.
Explot Esperientzia. Part of the "Learn to become an Entrepreneur'
Programme, this initiative aims to spread the culture of entrepreneurship
in schools in Bilbao to revive and promote creativity, identify ideas and
projects that excite younger people and guide future initiatives.
Entrepreneurship in Bilbao. Entrepreneurship Initiative Contest aimed at
all those who have a businessbuilding project in the city of Bilbao.
Your New Company in the Neighborhood. Annual competition that
recognises the effort and contribution of the companies promoted by
Bilbao Ekintza to the economic and social regeneration of the
neighborhoods of Bilbao La Vieja, San Francisco and Zabala.
EKIN Entrepreneurship and talent community To enhance the generation
of economic and business activity in Bilbao and its surroundings by
creating spaces for action, connection and to meet to promote
networking and professional communities, groups and companies.
www.bilbao.net / BilbaoEkintza
www.ekinbilbao.net/
45
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Madrid
The Economic Development Agency Madrid Emprende

implements a number of measures:
Help and advice for innovative projects.
Accelerator for projects with high potential.
Innovation management in industrial SMEs.
Collaboration with specialised institutions to finance
innovative or technology based business ventures.
http://madridemprende.esmadrid.com
Enterprise Helsinki:
Helsinki
Helsinki regions joint service centre for startups and acting

entrepreneurs. It offers the following services:
Information sessions about how to become an
entrepreneur.
Business Counselling for startups and earlystage
entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneurship training courses.
Business Incubation services.
Business Services for immigrants.
Startup Acceleration.
http://www.yrityshelsinki.fi/en
46
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
MexicoCity
SME FUND This is a support fund for micro, small and medium
enterprises, which generally aims to promote economic
development through the provision of temporary support to
projects that favour the creation, development, consolidation,
viability, productivity, competitiveness and sustainability of micro,
small and medium enterprises and to enterprising initiatives, as well
as to those that promote productive investments that will generate
more and better jobs, more and better micro, small and medium
enterprises, and more and better entrepreneurs.
www.fondopyme.gob.mx
Social Development Fund of the City of Mexico (FONDESO). This is
one of the City Council's fundamental institutions that aims to meet
the demand for credit and financial support of the population that is
not
eligible
for
credit
from
banking
institutions.
www.fondeso.df.gob.mx
Taipei
The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Service

Center:
In collaboration with the SME Administration of the
Ministry of Economic Affairs, has provided SMEs with a
series of guidance programs on eservices based on
their requirements and electronic workflow. Projects
include Bridging Industry Digital Divide, Industry
specific eCommerce Business Operation Project, SME
eServices Corps Project, SME eLearning Project (SME
Online University), SME Knowledge Management
Promotion Project. Other services are consulting for
startups, HR training, financing, marketing and
promotion services.
http://www.moeasmea.gov.tw
47
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Businessspaces
Businessspaces
It is important for cities to have business support infrastructure in their

districts to facilitate their economic development.
This study has detected that most cities have some type of business promotion
space.
Below are some experiences developed by cities in terms of business spaces.
In that sense, developed cities were asked about those developed in their
districts:
Science and technology parks.
Industrial parks.
Business incubators.
48
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Businessspaces
ScienceandTechnologyParks.
Understanding Science and Technology Parks as quality spaces and facilities used to stimulate and manage the flow of knowledge and technology between universities and
research institutions, companies and markets. These spaces encourage the creation and growth of innovative companies through incubation and spinoff mechanisms and
provide other value added services.
Barcelona
Barcelona Nord Technology Park. An economic

development hub and home to technologybased activities.
It is also a centre that disseminates and trains people in
information technology.
22@Barcelona. The 22@Barcelona project transformed 200
hectares of industrial land in Poblenou into an innovative
district offering modern spaces for the strategic
concentration
of
knowledgeintensive
activities.
http://www.22barcelona.com
Helsinki
Helsinki Business and Science Park. Helsinki Business and

Science Park (HBSP) provides a dynamic business environment
with a diversified research and expert network and a Centre of
Expertise within biotechnology, drug development and
diagnostics, as well as food and environmental technology.
Our objective is to improve the success opportunities of
Finnish companies on the international market, and to
improve domestic competitiveness.
http://www.hbsp.net
Barcelona Biomedical Research Park. It is one of the largest

centers of biomedical research in southern Europe. PRBB, an
initiative of the Generalitat of Catalonia, the Barcelona City
Council and the University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), is a major
scientific infrastructure in physical connection with the
Hospital del Mar in Barcelona, which brings together six
closely
coordinated
public
research
centers.
http://www.prbb.org/
49
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Businessspaces
Bilbao
Bizkaia Technology Park. Located in Metropolitan Bilbao, it

was founded in 1985 and was the first created in Spain. It
includes research centres and advanced technology
companies, together an excellent communications
infrastructure and employs about 7,000 people. Currently, 60%
of its total capacity is occupied. www.parquetecnologico.net
Zorrotzaurre Urban Technology Park (Bilbao). Project under
design, specialising in areas related to knowledge and
creativity. www.zorrotzaurre.com
Taipei
Taipei Technology Corridor. In order to advance Taipei's role as

an important industrial center, the Taipei City Government has
linked the hitech parks along the Keelung River and
consolidated industry resources. The result is the Taipei
Technology Corridor, a 768.5 hectare, 20kilometer long
operations hub that is an ideal environment for industrial future
expansion. The corridor has attracted increasing numbers of
global players, including some of the world telecoms big names.
http://hitech.taipei.gov.tw/cgibin/SM_theme?page=4aa49b57
Science Park of the University of the Basque Country. It

comprises 5 large groups:
University research groups.
Newly created technologybased companies that arise
from academia (spinoff).
Intensive R&D+i companies.
Institutions engaged in R&D+i.
Companies or institutions that provide services to clients
within and outside the Park.
50
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Businessspaces
Guatemala
Intecap Technology Campus ICT Centre in Guatemala. Its

main aim is to extend ICT training by creating strategies
for the dissemination and adoption of ICT to contribute to
the productivity and development of the country,
reducing the digital divide, through the training of human
resources.
http://www.intecap.edu.gt/
Colima
Tecnoparque. Colima has a Technopark located in the

southwest of the city in a metropolitan area.
The Tecnoparque CLQ is a strategic project of the State
Government that aims to boost the competitiveness of
strategic economic sectors in Colima, providing adequate space
for the installation of technologybased companies and science
and technology institutions, to provide scientific and
technological support to agricultural production, logistics and
transport, energy, information and health technology sectors,
which drive economic development.
51
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Businessspaces
IndustrialParks
Industrial Parks, also called industrial belts, industrial estates or industrial areas, are understood to be areas that where a number of industries, that may or may not be
related, are grouped.
Madrid
Industrial Factory. The Viclvaro Industrial Factory is a centre

that provides support for the consolidation of industrial and
services companies with a high R&D+i component, and
provides counselling and support services, primarily in the
areas of internationalization and R&D+i .
It covers 11,000 m2 distributed in sixteen 280 m2 open plan
buildings, tailored to the needs of high valueadded industries.
http://www.madridemprende.net/FactoraIndustrial/tabid/386/
language/esES/Default.aspx
Barcelona
The City Council of Barcelona has multiple spaces dedicated to

industrial production. Among them, we can highlight:
Industrial Free Zone:
Since its construction in the 1950s, the Industrial Free Zone is a
key part of Barcelona's economic potential. Gradually, its
economic importance has increased, making it the largest and
most active industrial area in Spain and one of the most
dynamic in Europe with over 300 companies installed.
http://www.elconsorci.net/
52
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Businessspaces
Bilbao
There are numerous public and private business parks that, in

addition to space, offer additional services.
Public industrial parks usually offer special conditions to
companies installed (which should normally display a high
degree of innovation or social interest), with average
support levels of about 40% of the rental costs for the first 3
years of the company.
http://www.sprilur.es/ofertadeespacios
53
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Businessspaces
Businessincubators.
Business incubators are understood to be spaces that aim to temporarily support the promoters of business projects and/or future businessmen/women, to start their
businesses in an appropriate location and in an environment conducive to achieving the degree of maturity that will enable them to enter the market with the necessary
skills and knowledge to survive in a competitive environment.
Bilbao
In the Metropolitan Bilbao area, there are multiple

infrastructures supporting the incubation of new
companies, both general and sector related:
Madrid
Business Incubator Network in Madrid. 7 sector incubators ,

which provide offices and business services in the seven
districts of the capital.
4 incubators managed by the Bilbao City Council, 3 of a

general type and another for companies specialising in
New Technologies.
Infrastructure investment: in excess of 24 million. .
European Business and Innovation Centres (BIC).
Capacity: 200 companies.
University Incubators.
Total area: 22,800 m2.
Other general municipal incubators and incubators that

specialise in bioscience, ICT, ...
Average office size: 20 m2.
Investment in management and support: 1.3 million

/year.
http://www.madridemprende.net/
These infrastructures are complemented by services

designed to support the incubation process and by a
substantial package of financial aid (grants, loans, seed
capital, ...), which means the startup aid at Bilbao
Metropolitan is probably the most important in the State and
the European Union.
54
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Businessspaces
Barcelona
Glries business incubator. An environment of innovation

with the most advanced infrastructure and services to support
startups in the city of Barcelona.
http://www.barcelonactiva.cat/barcelonactiva/es/quees
barcelonaactiva/losequipamientos/incubadora/index.jsp
Helsinki
Enterprise Helsinki Business Incubator Enterprise Finland.

The business incubator serves as an international soft landing
for new enterprises and life sciences companies seeking to
secure a foothold in Europe. The Helsinki Business Incubator
also collaborates with the Akron Global Business Accelerator
in Akron, Ohio.
http://www.yrityshelsinki.fi/en/
55
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Internationalpromotionstrategy
Globalisation involves the need for cities to address more effective strategies to
join global exchange circuits. Strategies that serve to enhance the value of the
territory and that take steps towards the construction of a sustainable and
competitive development model.
With this in mind, local public policies and local management must adapt to the
challenges of globalization. In this context, the international dimension of
municipal actions becomes a must.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, in the case of Europe, the
percentage of cities that have some international promotion strategy is very
high, as 89% of European cities that answered this question have a strategy. In
Asia, Taipei also has an international promotion strategy.
These data contrast with Latin America and Africa, where only 43% and 33% of
cities, respectively, have some type of international promotion strategy.
Below are some experiences in international promotion strategies developed by
municipalities.
Of the 20 cities that responded to the question (3 from Africa, 7 from Latin
America, one from Asia and 9 from Europe), 65% had some type of plan or
strategy for the international promotion of the city.
Doesthecityhaveaninternationalpromotionplan/strategy?
%ofcitiesthathaveaninternationalpromotionplan/strategybyregion
No
7cities
35%
100%
100%
90%
89%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
Yes
13cities
65%
30%
43%
33%
20%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
56
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Madrid
The city of Madrid has the International Positioning Plan 2007 2011
and is working on the development of the International Positioning
Plan 20122015.
The plan aims to put Madrid at the forefront of global cities
worldwide, a key objective set out in the electoral programme for the
20072011 municipal mandate. Madrid has been active in improving its
international position by communicating its competitive advantages
and its reality, by conducting a series of strategic projects, all in the
hands of key players with similar goals ( private sector, international
organisations, institutions, other public authorities, countries and
cities).
Helsinki
There is an International Strategy, Competitiveness

Strategy for the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, and
Helsinki Region Strategy Programme.
http://www.hel.fi/hki/helsinki/en/international
We can highlight the following actions taken in the last term:

Establishing the International Strategy and Action Office, "Madrid Global" (running
until 2010).
Creating the Global Madrid Chair for a Global Urban Strategy together with the IE
Business School and the Centre for International Studies.
Creating and enhancing the Madrid Air Liaisons Committee.
Japan Plan.
United States Plan.
Participation and promotion of the Open Cities project together with the British
Council to promote openness in cities.
Agreements and contacts with various levels of international diplomacy
(Institutions, Forums and Tribunals, International Networks).
Conventions and agreements with other institutions (ADB, ChinaEurope School of
Law, Instituto Cervantes, AsiaEurope Foundation, etc.).
Organisation of and participation in various seminars and conferences on
international promotion (the Spain India Conference, Global India Business Meeting,
EuroIndia, etc ...).
Relevant institutional activities: town twinning, cooperation agreements, bilateral
relations.
http://www
1.munimadrid.es/SBAE_262_SF_SIGE_Internet/area.do?Key=14443
57
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
MexicoCity
The Federal District's Mixed Tourist Promotion Fund has a

foreign communication strategy and has contracted a
company in the U.S. to promote it.
Havre
Go to site: www.mexicocityexperience.org
The city of Le Havre organises various international

conventions as well as meetings between China and Europe
in the city. In 2012 there will be a meeting to propose "French
solutions for the Chinese".
http://lehavre.fr/dossier/lehavrevillepartenaire
NioroduRip
Nior du Rip has an city identification document. It also has

an integration plan for international organisations in the
different regional meetings, in order to facilitate contacts.
58
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Bilbao
In recent years, the Bilbao City Council, aware of the need

and importance of achieving international renown, has
embarked on an internationalization process to position
itself as an international benchmark in areas such as urban
regeneration,
city
management,
environmental
management, etc.
The internationalization activities undertaken by the City
Council of Bilbao include: signing twinning and cooperation
agreements with other cities, hosting delegations, receiving
international awards, participation in international
networks of cities and the participation in and organisation
of events and conferences at international level.
Taipei
1.Taipeis Department of Information and Tourism. Holds

an annual overseas promotional activity called the
Impressions of Taipei to promote Taipei to regions such
as Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and Mainland China. The
promotional activities appear in various media channels to
create a positive image of Taipei in the international
community and to attract tourists from overseas. Our
strategy
creates
value
for
Taipei
tourism.
http://english.tpedoit.taipei.gov.tw/
2.Taipeis international scale events. Such as Deaflympics
Taipei and Taipei International Flora Expo, engaging in
promotional activities.
www.bilbaointernational.com
59
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Barcelona
Consulates of the Sea Network The international offices of

the Consulates of the Sea network were established as a
proposal for dialogue to exchange knowledge, creativity and
new ideas with other cities.
The existence of the foreign network of ACC1 offices, of the
Government of Catalonia, has enabled the rapid deployment
of the first 16 offices, covering a global expansion.
Support services: BCN Business Spaces. The new search
engine for business spaces in the city of Barcelona. It allows
users to search for properties, offices, business centres,
industrial warehouses or industrial land for rent or sale. The
contents are available in English.
Colima
The city of Colima has initiated twinning programmes with a

number of cities, such as one in Canada and another in the
USA. It also intends to ratify the existing agreement with
Redwood City, California, United States.
The twinning programme responds to the "Sister Cities"
international initiative, a platform that provides guidelines to
enable municipal governments to establish relations by
subscribing agreements. In the case of Mexico, apart from the
"Sister Cities" platform, the twinning process is regulated by
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at national level, by the General
Secretariat of Government at state level and by the city
councils at local level.
Barcelona Venture Hub Programme. This service offers

workspaces and services to international investors interested
in companies in Barcelona in a highly innovative environment:
district 22@.
http://w3.bcn.cat/barcelonainternacional/0,4022,229724149_2
29832355_2,00.html
60
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Developmentofflagshipprojectsforinternationalpositioning
Regarding the development of flagship projects for the international positioning

of their cities, of the 20 cities (3 from Africa, 7 from Latin America, 1 from Asia
and 9 from Europe) that answered the question, 75% has developed a project
aimed at positioning and promoting their cities at an international level.
In the case of Europe, 89% of the cities have developed some kind of project. A
similar percentage can be found in Latin America, a region where 86% of the
cities that responded to the question have developed a project for their
international promotion.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, the percentage of cities

that has developed a project in Europe, Asia and Latin America is very high.
This contrasts significantly with Africa, a region in which none of the cities that
responded to the question had developed an international positioning flagship
project.
For Asia, the only city that answered the question, Taipei City, has developed
some projects.
Below are a number of key projects developed by cities to enhance their

international position.
Hasthecitylaunchedaflagshipprojectthatseekstopositionthecity
internationally?
No
5cities
25%
%0fcitiesthathavelaunchedflagshipprojectstopositionthecities
internationallybyregion
100%
100%
90%
80%
89%
86%
70%
60%
50%
Yes
15cities
75%
40%
30%
20%
0%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
61
Katowice
The City Strategy 2020 A metropolitan future of Katowice will

be decided by the concentration of actions in three basic
components of the area, which comprise:
Development of metropolitan functions.
Increase in investment potential.
Rise in metropolitan awareness of inhabitants.
Development of Katowice as a metropolis will determine its
position in a regional, national and international scale.
POSITION OF THE CITY Katowice as a strong urban centre in a
regional, national and international scale.
www.um.katowice.pl/en/files/katowice2020.rtf
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
The Transformation of Bilbao

Bilbao
The city of Bilbao has come a long way since the early 1980s
when it was a situation of deep crisis and decline; a situation
that, almost thirty years later, it has managed to overcome,
to reinvent itself as a city, adapting to changing times.
Bilbao is an exemplary city that seeks to continuously evolve
and reinvent itself, adapting to constant changes, and inspire
other cities worldwide. Bilbao's experience as an "integrated
city project" carried out over 25 years has achieved the
profound transformation of the city.
As a result of this extraordinary transformation, the urban,
economic and sustainable rehabilitation of Bilbao has been
recognised internationally, as evidenced by the fact that it
was selected to participate in the Urban Best Practices Area
at Expo Shanghai 2010 and that it was awarded the "Lee
Kuan Yew World City Prize" in 2010 in recognition of its
comprehensive approach to urban transformation.
International Corporate Universities Forum (ICUF)

Barcelona
The ICUF, promoted by the City of Barcelona, is a key

meeting point in Barcelona for top strategies and executive
education managers from companies around the world.
http://www.icufbcn.com/es
Air Route Development Committee
The Barcelona Air Route Development Committee (BARDC)
was established in early 2005 by Aena, the Generalitat of
Catalonia, the Barcelona City Council and the Barcelona
Chamber of Commerce, with the aim of promoting the
development of new intercontinental routes from Barcelona
Airport.
The main objective of the BARDC is to work to attract new
intercontinental air links from Barcelona airport and retain
existing links. http://www.bcnairroute.com
http://www.bilbaoexposhanghai2010.com
63
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
MexicoCity
Science and Innovation Week. This event serves as a

framework for analysing the problems facing large cities, and
especially Mexico City.
Bicentennial Project. Safe City. The project began with the
installation of cameras and sensors at all the delegations in the
Federal District after the Act Regulating the Use of Technology
for Public Safety was passed. This Act states the need to
"contribute to the maintenance of order, peace and stability
for coexistence and prevent emergencies or disasters and
increase public safety".
Colima
Through the "Doing Business" project, the city has achieved

international standards regarding the provision of municipal
services, resulting in the Municipal Business Centre, the fourth
at national level in terms of granting building licenses and that
was also granted the INDA Award.
http://espanol.doingbusiness.org/reports/subnational
reports/mexico
The city government organised the World Summit of Local

and Regional Leaders 2010 (3rd World Congress of United
Cities and Local Governments) and the World Mayors Summit
on Climate (November 2010) with 3,000 delegates from 94
countries.
"International Month of Mexico City". With parallel events on
various international issues, including the General Assembly of
Peace Messenger Cities, a meeting of the Union of Capital
Cities of Latin America.
The Portal www.ciudadglobal.df.gob.mx concentrates the
international actions of Mexico City Council
64
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Taipei
IDA Congress Taipei 2011. In 2007, Taipei won the opportunity

to host the 2011 IDA Congress by defeating 18 other cities
from 12 countries around the world, including Paris, France
and Melbourne, Australia. http://www.2011idacongress.com/
Taipei International Flora Exposition 2010. The 2010 Taipei
International Flora Exposition is the first international certified
standard exposition that Taiwan has ever held. Taipei is also
the 7th AIPH certified exposition conducted within Asia. The
exposition attracted more than 8 million visitors
internationally.
Limoges
European Ceramics Centre. A collaborative platform in the

context of international relations among cities with
international positions in the field of ceramics.
http://www.villelimoges.fr/index.php/fr/economie
emploi/lexcellenceenceramique
65
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Participationininternationalnetworks
With regard to participation in international networks, of the 20 cities that
responded to the question (3 in Africa, 6 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 10 in
Europe), 75% of them participate in some type of international network besides
UCLG.
The main international networks that UCLG cities belong to are:

Association of Mayors for Peace
Asian Network of Mayor Cities (ANMC21)
Sister Cities International
C40 Cities
Asia Pacific Cities Summit (APCS)
CITYNET
UCCI Union of Capitals of Latin American
UCUE Union of Capitals of the European Union
American Forum of Local Governments
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, we can mention that, in the
four regions, over 50% of the cities that responded to the question are
participating in another network.
In this regard, the case of Europe is noteworthy, as this is a region where 90% of
the cities that responded to the question are involved in some other network. It
is followed by Africa, a region in which 67% of cities participate in another
network. Finally in Latin America, 50% participate in some other international
network.
Metropolis
Eurocities
Major Cities of Europe
Global Cities Dialogue
In the case of Asia, Taipei City participates in other international networks

besides UCLG.
%ofcitiesparticipatinginotherinternationalnetworksbesidesUCLGbyregion
DoesyourparticipateinanyinternationalnetworkbesidesUCLG?
100%
No
5cities
25%
100%
90%
90%
80%
70%
60%
67%
50%
50%
40%
Yes
15cities
75%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
66
3.SmartIndicators
3.1SmartEconomy
Besides the aforementioned networks, cities also participate in international

thematic networks and associations, such as:
Airport Regions Conference
AIECIInternational Association of Cities and Institutions of Enlightenment
European Coalition of Cities against Racism
World Alliance of Cities Against Poverty
European Cities Network for Conciliation
International Association of Educating Cities
European Cities Marketing
Network of Observatories for Participatory Development
World Tourism Organisation
The Delice Network of Good Food Cities of the World
World Cities Gastronomic Gourmet Network
NBIA National Business Incubation Association
EBN: European Business and Innovation Network
EURADA European Association of Regional Development Agencies
WAIPA World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies
Union of Baltic Cities (UBC)
World eGovernment Organization
International Association of Cities and Ports
Wine Cities Network
Educating Cities
Peace Messenger Cities
World Heritage Cities
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives
The International Council for Local Environmental Initiative
Cluster Green and Connected Cities
Sustainable Cities International Network (SCIN)
Global City Indicators Facility
Recreational Bikeways of Americas
67
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
3.2SmartPeople
The differentiating element between a digital city and a smart city is
Smart people.
People are smart in terms of their skill and educational levels, as well as
the quality of social interaction in terms of integration and public life and
their ability to open to the "outside" world.
Smart people are characterised by the following factors:
Education and training.
Population with college degrees.
Presence of a University in the City.
Priority areas for educational offers.
Adaptation of the educational offer to the current labour
market demand.
ELearning.
Plans for digital development in classrooms.
Penetration of ICT use in education.
Implementation of elearning programmes.
Lifelong training.
Human Capital
Collaboration between companies and knowledge centres.
R&D&i.
68
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
Populationwithuniversityqualifications
A key element in the development of cities is having welleducated citizens. With

regard to the percentage of the population that hold university qualifications, of
the 15 cities (2 in Africa, 4 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 8 in Europe) that
answered the question, 10 cities have between 0% and 25% university graduates
while 5 cities have between 26% and 50%.
Notably, of the 15 cities that responded to the question, the population holding
university qualifications did not exceed 51% in any of them.
As for the analysis by regions, between 0% and 25% of the population in the 2
African cities and 4 Latin American cities have university studies.
In Europe, between 0% and 25% of the population of 4 cities and between 26%
and 50% of the population of another 4 cities have university studies. We must
mention the high percentage in the cities of Barcelona and Malm, with 37% and
40% respectively.
In the case of Asia, 33% of the population of Taipei have university studies.
%ofpopulationwithuniversityqualificationsincitiesbyregions
%ofpopulationwithuniversityqualificationsincities
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
%ofcities
70%
60%
50%
70%
60%
67%
50%
100%
100%
100%
40%
50%
30%
40%
50%
20%
33%
30%
10%
0%
20%
0%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
025%
0%
025%
2650%
5175%
2650%
Asia
5175%
Europe
76100%
76100%
69
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
PresenceofaUniversityintheCity
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, we can highlight the case of
Europe, where universities are present in 73% (11 cities) of the cities.
The importance of Universities in the creation of a given city model is a relative

factor based on many variables, such as the population, economic dynamics,
historical evolution, sociocultural aspects, cultural heritage...
On the other hand, in Africa and Latin America, 33% (1 city) and 50% (3 cities)
respectively, have a strong presence of universities.
In the case of the Asia, the university is also a key element of Taipei City.
Consulted on the presence of Universities, of the 21 cities (3 in Africa, 6 in Latin

America, 1 in Asia and 11 in Europe) that responded to the question, 63% of them
stated that Universities have a strong presence.
%ofcitiesinwhichtheUniversityhaveastrongpresencebyregion
DoUniversitieshaveamajorpresenceinthecity?
100%
No
8cities
38%
100%
90%
80%
70%
73%
60%
50%
50%
40%
Yes
13cities
62%
30%
33%
20%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
70
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
Priorityandspecializationareasregardingeducation
Below, we have included the priority and specialisation areas regarding the education offered by some cities.
Helsinki
Bilbao
Havre
Barcelona
There are 12 universities and polytechnics in the Helsinki

Region, with 58 196 students, providing a wide range of
studies in different fields.
Bilbao has set itself the goal of becoming a university city,

based on three major areas. A technology campus in
Basurto with the Mining and Engineering Collage; an
administrative campus will be implemented in another part
of the city (Sarriko) with a Faculty of Law; and the one
hundredyearold University of Deusto is creating the
Deusto Business School".
Guatemala
Independent University: 11 Collages.

Private Universities: 5 Collages.
There is also a specialised offer, especially regarding business
studies.
MexicoCity
The Federal District has a significant number of public

universities, such as the National Autonomous University of
Mexico, the National Polytechnic Institute, the Metropolitan
Autonomous University, or the Autonomous University of
Mexico City as well as several private universities. Therefore,
the educational offer is varied and there is no priority area given
the wide range of degrees and engineering courses offered.
Social sciences and business management.
The city has 12 Catalonian universities and 3 of the best

European business schools (top25): IESE, ESADE, EADA
71
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
Bissau
Law, Medicine, Economics and Communication.
Colima
Administrative Studies, Medicine, Law, Political Science,

Engineering and Architecture.
VilaGesell
Limoges
Related to tourist services.
National School of Decorative Arts and European Ceramics

Centre.
Bordeaux
The University has specialised centre of excellence in different

subjects.
Taipei
Academia Industry Cooperation Training Diverse Human

Resources for the industry:
While the educational programs in Taiwan are under the direct
guidance of the central government body, the Taipei City
Government is working under the guidance of Ministry of
Education promoting the plan for the "Training Diverse Human
Resources for the Industry." Through close interaction between
academia and industry, and using the "learning on the job and
working at study" approach, the plan intends to close the gap
between academia and industry. The plan is well received
among industry, schools and parents.
72
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
Adaptationoftheeducationaloffertothecurrentlabourmarketdemand
Analysing the information by region, only 33% of the cities in Africa and Latin
America considered that the educational offer was adequate.
Given the changes that society is going through due to globalization, the advance
of new information and communication technologies, etc, constant adjustments
are being made in the labour market that make it necessary to adapt the provision
of professional training to the said adjustments.
These data contrast with the case of Europe, where 71% of the cities considered
that the educational offer was suited to the needs of today's market. The same can
be said for Asia, in the case of Taipei City.
Consulted on whether they consider the courses offered by the different

educational institutions (University, Vocational Training Centres, technological and
investigation centres, etc.) in their cities adequate with respect to the demands of
the current labour market, of the 17 cities (3 in Africa, 6 in Latin America, 1 in Asia
and 7 in Europe) that responded to the question, note that only 47% of them felt
that the educational offer in their cities suited the demand of the current labour
markets.
Doestheeducationalofferinyourcitysuitthecurrentmarketdemand?
%ofcitiesthatconsidertheeducationalofferintheircitiesadaptstothe
currentmarketdemandbyregion
100%
100%
90%
Yes
8cities
47%
80%
70%
71%
60%
50%
40%
30%
33%
33%
20%
No
9cities
53%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
73
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
ELearning
ELearning
Plansfordigitaldevelopmentinclassrooms.
New technologies are evolving at breakneck speed; therefore, it is important to

design digital development plans in the classrooms that focus mainly on closing
the digital divide equipping educational centres with the necessary
infrastructure, promoting digital skills among teachers specialised training to
promote the use of ICT in the teaching/learning process and boosting the
incorporation of the new generation of digital learning resources such as
Educational Computer Models, educational software catalogues, video games,
etc.
When analysing the information by regions, we can mention the case of Europe,
where 73% of the cities have developed some type of plan. This figure contrasts
with the regions of Africa and Latin America, where 20% and 29% of cities,
respectively, have developed some sort of plan to promote new information
and communication technologies in schools. In the case of Asia, the Taipei City
also has a plan.
Below are some digital development plans implemented by schools in some
cities.

answered this question, 50% have designed a plan to develop digital resources in
city schools .
%ofcitiesthathavedesignedaplantodevelopdigitaltechnologyinschoolsby
regions
Hasthecitydesignedaplantodevelopdigitaltechnologyinschools?
100%
100%
90%
80%
No
12cities
50%
70%
73%
60%
50%
40%
30%
29%
20%
Yes
12cities
50%
10%
20%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
74
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
ELearning
Bilbao
School Programme 2.0

The Basque Government's School Programme 2.0 is a
radical leap in the introduction of new Information and
Communication Technologies in the field of education.
The inclusion of the Basque Country to this programme is
reflected in the complete digitization of the third primary
education cycle, in training teachers to use opensource
software and new methods and in the preparation of
multimedia content.
http://www.eskola20.euskadi.net/
Taipei
An eFuture Classroom has been established and equipped

with modern innovative technology, offers a teamwork
adventure, experience learning and online community
learning. The students computers are connected to the
touch screen, where they are able to look up information
online, prepare reports and complete homework for the
teacher to review. In the future, installation of web cameras
may further transform the classroom into a facility for video
conferencing or for distance learning among schools in
different areas, and even crossborder exchanges.
http://yearbook.taipei.gov.tw/fp.asp?fpage=cp&xItem=2943
3977&ctNode=54085&mp=100095
TaipeieCampusLearningCityExpo2011
75
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
ELearning
MexicoCity
Comprehensive School Connectivity Programme (PICE)

20082012
Digital Schools Plan

Limoges
Main objectives:
The goal is to ensure that all public school students in

basic education can use available modern tools to process
information and telecommunications, expanding their
capabilities to achieve higher levels of academic
performance and higher levels of competitiveness.
Fibreoptic infrastructure for secure shared Internet

access.
The Digital Classroom Programme seeks to provide

connectivity to enable public school students in basic
educational programmes and educational centres of
different types to access Internet on an individual basis.
With this programme, 1,150,000 students have been able
to use 2,240 digital classrooms with computers and
internet connections.
Digital workspaces with video conferencing, digital

textbooks, messaging and other services.
Mobile classrooms and interactive whiteboards in all

schools.
http://www.villelimoges.fr/index.php/fr/jeunesse
education/education1erdegre/educationalimoges
Bordeaux
The city of Bordeaux has launched a comprehensive e

Learning plan. One of its main objectives is the installation
of interactive whiteboards in each classroom in compulsory
education schools in the city.
http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/portals/ebx.portal?_nfpb=true
&_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&classofcontent=presentation
Standard&id=49506
DigitalClassroomattheDaytimeHighSchoolintheF.D.
76
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
ELearning
PenetrationofICTuseineducation.
Regarding the level of penetration of the use of new technologies in education,

of the 18 cities (3 in Africa, 4 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 10 in Europe)
considered, 4 cities have between 0% and 25% of their schools connected to the
Internet. We must mention that, among the remaining 14 cities, the percentage
of schools connected to Internet ranges from 76% to 100%.
Regarding the analysis of the information by regions, in the case of Africa, 2
cities (Bissau and Nioro du Rip) have between 0% and 25% and 1 city (The Moka
Flacq District Council) has 95% of their schools connected to the Internet.
In Latin America, the data are varied, since half of the cities (IMDEC Region and
Patacamaya) have between 0% and 25% of their schools connected and the other
2 cities (Vila Gesell and Mexico City ) have between 76% and 100%.
In the case of the 10 cities in Europe (Helsinki, Barcelona, Bilbao, Lisbon,
Katowice, Malm, Limoges, Le Havre and Bordeaux), as in the case of the Asian
city of Taipei, 100% of schools are connected to the Internet.
%ofeducationalcentresconnectedtointernetbyregion
%ofeducationalcentresconnectedtointernet
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
78%
70%
70%
100%
50%
50%
%ofcities
50%
60%
60%
40%
40%
22%
10%
100%
67%
30%
30%
20%
33%
80%
50%
20%
0%
10%
0%
0%
0%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
Africa
025%
LatinAmerica
2650%
Asia
5175%
Europe
76100%
77
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
ELearning
On the other hand, when asked about the percentage of teachers using new
technologies for educational purposes, of the 13 cities (3 in Africa, 4 in Latin
America, 1 in Asia and 5 in Europe) that answered the question, in 6 cities
between 0% and 25% of teachers used ICT, in 4 cities between 51% and 75% used
ICT and in 3 cities between 76% and 100% used ICT.
A similar situation occurs in the region of Latin America, where 3 cities

(Patacamaya, Region IMDEC and Guatemala) present percentages of teachers
using ICT between 0% and 25% and in only 1 city (Vila Gessell ) that percentage
increases to 60%.
In Europe, the percentage of teachers using new technologies for educational
purposes in 3 cities (Bilbao, Bordeaux and Barcelona) ranges from 51% to 75%,
and in 2 cities (Malm and Le Havre) the percentage increases to 80% and 100%
respectively.
As for the analysis of information at regional level, the 3 cities in Africa (Nioro du
Rip, Bissau and The Moka Flacq District Council) presented percentages for ICT
use for educational purposes between 0% and 25%.
In the case of Taipei, 100% of teachers use ICT for teaching
%ofteachersusingICTforeducationalpurposesbyregion
%ofteachersusingICTforeducationalpurposes
100%
100%
90%
%ofcities
40%
80%
70%
70%
60%
60%
50%
50%
40%
25%
90%
80%
46%
100%
100%
75%
40%
60%
30%
30%
31%
20%
23%
20%
0%
10%
10%
0%
Africa
0%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
LatinAmerica
025%
2650%
Asia
5175%
Europe
76100%
78
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
ELearning
Implementationofelearningprogrammes.
New technologies contribute to improving people's skills, whether for work or for
their personal lives.
Virtual education offers a number of benefits, such as lower costs, which makes it
possible to offer courses to more people than traditional inclassroom courses,
fewer seminars and required skills, flexibility regarding timetables, and the
interaction these courses generate, arousing the interest of participants and
helping people who are timid to take part in group work through discussion
forums and other ways of participation.
As, to the analysis of the information by regions, none of the African cities that
answered the question had implemented any type of elearning programme. In
Latin America, 29% (2 cities: Mexico City and the IMDEC region) had similar
percentages. In the case of Europe, the percentage was slightly higher, at 36%
(4 cities: Helsinki, Lappeenranta, Bilbao and Limoges). In Asia, Taipei City has
implemented elearning programmes.
Below are some of the elearning programmes implemented by the cities.

responded to this question, only 30% have designed some type of elearning
programme.
Hasyourcity/municipalitydesignedanelearningprogramme?
%ofcitiesthathavedesignedelearningprogrammesbyregion
100%
100%
90%
80%
No
16cities
70%
70%
60%
50%
40%
36%
30%
20%
29%
0%
10%
Yes
7cities
30%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
79
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
ELearning
MexicoCity
Mexico City's Digital Baccalaureate (B@DI)
Taipei City eCampus Digital Learning Network:

Taipei
Mexico City has launched its "Mexico City Digital

Baccalaureate (B@DI) as part of its distancelearning
Baccalaureate programme. This programme enables
students to take their Baccalaureate online for free, with
the assistance and advice of specialists.
http://www.ead.df.gob.mx/portal/
In order to offer diverse and flexible selflearning channels

in the form of digital learning, the Taipei eCampus has
offered as many as 400 courses through recordings, self
productions, commissioned productions, purchasing online
materials for its 190,000 plus members; a cumulative total
of 15,080,000 hits received; over 570,000 persons were
granted certification in 777 certificate classes, for 1,410,000
certification hours. A Topic learning Forum, set up for
knowledge sharing and experience exchange, has more
than 440,000 articles for access.
https://elearning.taipei.gov.tw/
Limoges
Distance Vocational Training Centre
Bilbao
Bilbao has launched a distance Vocational Training centre.

There are also centres that offer elearning courses.
Through ENT (Digital Space for Work), students who are

absent or hospitalized can attend classes through video
conferencing and "remote" access to digital textbooks via
the Internet. There is also a digital school at the CBRU
(Maternity Hospital).
http://ecole.ville
limoges.fr/index.php/blog/default/showPage?blog=edito&p
age=le_portail_des_coles
80
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
Lifelongtraining
Lifelongtraining
Lifelong education is becoming an increasingly important element in the new

labour market and in redefining the relations based on the skills required for a
global economy.
In that sense, of the 10 cities (2 in Africa, 2 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 5 in

Europe) that answered the question, 60% of them have implemented measures
to promote lifelong learning in their cities.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, it is noteworthy that none
of the 2 African cities that responded to the question has implemented any
measure.
The percentage increases in the case of Latin America, a region in which 1 city
(Guatemala) has implemented measures to promote lifelong learning. In the
case of Europe, the percentage rises considerably, since 80% of the cities
(Helsinki, Roeselare, Barcelona, and Malm) have implemented some measure
in this field. In the case of Asia, Taipei has also implemented measures to
promote lifelong learning.
Below are some of the initiatives implemented by the cities to promote lifelong
learning.
%ofcitiesthathaveimplementedmeasurestopromotelifelonglearningby
regions
Hasyourcityimplementedmeasurestopromotelifelonglearning?
100%
No
4cities
40%
100%
90%
80%
80%
70%
60%
50%
50%
40%
Yes
6cities
60%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
81
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
Lifelongtraining
Helsinki
There are opportunities for longlife learning in the schools,

adult education centres, polytechnics and vocational
education institutes.
Taipei
Cibernrium Programme:
Barcelona
1. Active Aging Learning Resource Center, Taipei City: Since

2008, Taipei has been establishing Active Aging Learning
Resource Centers in various districts. In 2010, a total of
1,858 opened courses and seminars were held. A total of
45,840 elderly people participated.
2. Promoting Adult Education and Encouraging Job Training:
30 primary schools held an adult basic education
Workshop to recruit people and new immigrants who
had left school early
Among the actions designed by the municipality to

encourage lifelong learning, we can highlight the
Cibernrium.
Cibernrium is the training and technology outreach
programme of Barcelona Activa Barcelona City Council. It
features over 180 training courses for professionals and
businesses, together with internet introduction activities for
all citizens.
3. Seniors Lifelong Education: Based on principles of localized

community education, the elderly can get to the nearest
access learning resources.
Cibernrium is the meeting point in Barcelona for people

interested in training in technological tools, acquiring skills
needed in the knowledge society and who want to keep up
to date on information technology and communication (ICT)
developments. http://www.cibernarium.cat
Roeselare
Program stimulating long life learning for special target groups

with less chances on the educational market. Nationwide
measures: hours spent on education are compensated, half
the tutoring money is refunded.
82
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
HumanCapital
HumanCapital
Collaborationbetweencompaniesandknowledgecentres
Universities and Research Centres play a key role in the innovation ecosystem.
They are not only a source for creating new business ventures, but are also
responsible for developing leaders who can link universities to companies,
generating knowledge for the latter, and serving as a meeting place between
centre of knowledge, students and the business world.
Therefore, it is important that cities seek to foster collaboration between
companies and knowledge centres, so as to contribute to their economic and
social development.
Regarding the analysis of the information at regional level, in the case of Africa,
none of the three cities has developed any type of action. In the case of Latin
America, 67% of cities (Mexico City, Patacamaya, Colima and IMDEC Region)
have implemented some type of action. In Europe, this percentage increases to
89% of the cities involved (Helsinki, Lappeenranta, Barcelona, Bilbao, Katowice,
Bordeaux, Le Havre and Malm). In the case of Asia, the city of Taipei has also
taken steps to support collaboration between companies and knowledge
centres.

Of the 19 cities (3 from Africa, 6 from Latin America, 1 from Asia and 9 in Europe)
that answered the question, 68% have taken steps to support collaboration
between companies and knowledge centres.
%ofcitiesthathavetakenstepstopromotecollaborationbetweenbusinessand
knowledgecentresbyregion
Hasyourcitytakenanyactionstopromotecollaborationbetweenbusinesses
andknowledgecentres?
100%
No
6cities
32%
100%
90%
89%
80%
70%
67%
60%
50%
40%
Yes
13cities
68%
30%
20%
0%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
83
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
HumanCapital
Euskampus Campus of International Excellence.

Bilbao
Strategic alliance between the University of the Basque

Country (UPV), the Tecnalia technological centre and the
Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC). The
Euskampus project aims to make the Basque country an
international benchmark in its three areas of expertise,
based on its attractive range of undergraduate and
postgraduate teaching, for the generation and transfer of
knowledge, technological innovation and sustainable
development.
Therefore, internationalization is one of the keystones in
this project. Within this context, as a key success factor,
we must emphasize the importance of the creation of
Transfrontier Campus with the University of Bordeaux,
within the context of the European Atlantic Axis.
Taipei
AcademiaIndustry Cooperation Center in Neihu Technology

Park:
the Center in Neihu Technology Park is trying to build a
knowledgeintensive,
innovative,
and
international
cooperation center by using and extending the present energy
in National Taiwan University of Science and Technology. Also,
this cooperation center is eager to assist in counseling talent
cultivation, academiaindustry cooperation, skills transferring,
and innovative incubation by following the vision of policy
implementation of Taipei City Government and overall kinetic
energy of Neihu Technology Park.
http://hitech.taipei.gov.tw/cgibin/SM_theme?page=4aa4ae6b
http://euskampus.ehu.es
84
3.SmartIndicators
3.2SmartPeople
R&D&i
R&D&i
Public Administrations play a key role in transforming the innovation system

through their capacity to develop infrastructure, support emerging sectors and
encourage R&D&i.
Regarding the analysis of the data by region, there is no reference information

for the region of Africa. In the case of Latin America, the average total
expenditure on R&D is 0.97%. The percentage increases in the case of Europe
and Asia with 1.86% and 2.94% on average, respectively.
Consulted on the percentage of GDP invested in promoting R&D in the cities, 6

cities (3 in Latin America, 2 in Europe and 1 in Asia) answered the question.
Although the number of cities that responded to the question was limited, we
can consider that the mean percentage of expenditure on R&D in Cities is 1.59%.
AveragetotalexpenditureonR&Dbyregion(%ofGDP)
3,0%
Local Government:
Total expenditure
on R&D (% of GDP)
Region
Mexico City
Latin America
0.41%
City of Guatemala
Latin America
1%
Municipality of
Patacamaya
Latin America
1.50%
City of Barcelona
Europe
1.68%
City of Madrid
Europe
2.05%
Asia
2.94%
City of Taipei
2,94%
2,5%
2,0%
1,86%
1,5%
1,0%
0,97%
0,5%
N.A*
0,0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
*Informationnotavailable
85
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
3.3SmartGovernance
Smart Governance includes political and active participation, citizen
services and the smart use of eGovernment. In addition, it often relates to
the use of new communication channels, such as egovernment or "e
democracy".
New Technologies enable the introduction of a new relationship between
Local Governments and citizens; in particular regarding the introduction of
public online services and the use of New Technologies to improve the
participation of citizens in public decisionmaking. In general, e
Government can be considered as a concept that consists in improving
public governance and the provision of public services through the use of
ICT (eGovernment), improving the consultation and decisionmaking
processes using ICT (edemocracy) and improving public policy making,
with the use of ICT, incorporating more critical agents throughout the
process (eGovernment) .
In all these aspects, the role played by citizens has a special impact. The
new relationship emerging from eGovernment has led to the emergence
of a new kind of citizen, the ecitizen.
Smart governance is characterised by the following factors:

Local Public spending on ICT.
Website availability.
Strategic plans to promote eGovernment and ICT
Online public services.
Percentage of services available online.
Major online services offered by cities.
Administration staff that use Internetconnected computers.
Electronic signature.
Transparent governance.
eDemocracy.
Citizen participation.
Electronic voting.
Promoting ICT and Innovation
86
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
New technologies represent the first step in Innovation and Competitiveness;

therefore, investment in ICT is an opportunity to enhance the development of a
city through their influence in other sectors and their contribution to the
efficient management of Public Administrations.
Consulted on the percentage of ICT expenditure on the total city budgets of the
18 cities (2 from Africa, 6 from Latin America, 1 from Asia and 7 from Europe)
that answered the question, 61% of them spend between 0 and 2% of their total
budgets, while the average rate of ICT expenditure over the total budget is 3%.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, it is noteworthy that the

cities that invest the largest percentage of their budget in ICT are in Africa and
Latin America (Mexico City and Bissau), as they dedicate between 8.1 and 10% of
their budget to ICT. However, unlike in Africa, in Latin America most cities, 67%
of them, dedicate between 0% and 2%.
On the other hand, in the case of Europe, as in Latin America, most of the cities
(57%) dedicate between 0 and 2%, 29% of them dedicate between 2, 1% and 4%,
and only 14% dedicate between 6.1% and 8%. In the case of Asia, the percentage
of the budget spent on ICT in the city of Taipei is 1.1%.
%ofPublicAdministrationexpenditureonICTinrelationtothebudget
%ofPublicAdministrationexpenditureonICTinrelationtothebudgetbyregion
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
70%
70%
14%
%ofcities
17%
60%
50%
17%
29%
60%
61%
100%
50%
50%
40%
40%
30%
30%
67%
57%
50%
20%
20%
10%
17%
10%
6%
6%
11%
Africa
0%
02%
2,14%
4,16%
6,18%
0%
8,110%
02%
LatinAmerica
2,14%
Asia
4,16%
Europe
6,18%
8,110%
87
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
Websiteavailability
Websiteavailability
Internet has become one of the most important channels of communication for
many people, so, like many organisations, cities face the challenges of Internet
by incorporating new online marketing communication tools among their
promotion strategies and using them to identify the needs and wishes of the
different target groups and address them in the most effective manner.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, in the case of Africa, 80% of
cities have websites. The percentage rises slightly to 89% in Latin America. In the
case of Europe and Asia, 100% of cities have websites.
Below are the addresses of the cities' websites.
Asked whether they had a website, it is noteworthy that of the 28 cities (5 in

Africa, 9 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 13 in Europe) only 7% had no website.
%ofcitiesthathavewebsitesbyregion
100%
DoesyourCity/Municipalityhaveawebsite?
100%
90%
100%
89%
80%
No
2cities
7%
70%
80%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
Yes
26cities
93%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
88
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
Websiteavailability
Africa
NioroduRip
eThekwini Durban
NgakaModiriMolema
MokaFlacqDistrictCouncil
Asia
www.niorodurip.com
Taipei
www.durban.gov.za
www.nmmdm.gov.za
www.mfdc.orange.mu
Europe
Madrid
www.madrid.es
Helsinki
www.hel.fi
Lappeenranta
LatinAmerica
Charata
GuatemalaCity
MexicoCity
AguadeOro
LaCosta
Colima
IMDECRegion
VilaGesell
www.taipei.gov.tw
www.municipalidadcharata.gov.ar
www.muniguate.com
www.df.gov.mx
www.aguadeoro.gov.ar
www.lacosta.gov.ar
www.colima.gob.mx
www.regionimdec.org.ar
www.gesell.gov.ar
www.lappeenranta.fi
Roeselare
www.roeselare.be
Barcelona
www.bcn.cat
Bilbao
www.bilbao.net
Lisbon
www.cmlisboa.pt
ProvincialCouncilof
Jaen.
www.promojaen.es
Katowice
www.katowice.eu
Bordeaux
www.bordeaux.fr
Malm
VileLimoges
Havre
www.malmo.se
www.villelimoges.fr
www.lehavre.fr
89
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
One of the main commitments made by the Local Authorities at the II World
Summit of Cities and Local Authorities on the Information Society was the
development, in their territories, of Strategic Plans to promote the Information
Society, also known as the "Local Digital Agenda".
In this sense, of the 28 cities (5 in Africa, 9 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 13 in

Europe), 68% have or have developed an action plan to promote the information
society in their territory .
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, 20% of African cities
(Durban) have developed a plan.
In the region of Latin America, 44% of cities (Charata, Mexico City, La Costa and
IMDEC Region) have developed a plan to promote the Information Society in
their territories.
In the case of Europe, the percentage increases significantly, as 92% of the cities
(Madrid, Helsinki, Lappeenranta, Roeselare, Barcelona, Bilbao, Jan, Katowice,
Bordeaux, Malm, Limoges and Le Havre) have plans. In the case of Asia, the
Taipei City also has a plan.
Below are some of the Plans for the Promotion of the Information Society,
developed by cities.
%ofcitiesthathaveaPlaninplacebyregion
Doesyourcity/municipalityhaveaneGovernmentactionplaninplace?
100%
100%
90%
No
10cities
36%
92%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
44%
30%
20%
Yes
18cities
64%
10%
20%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
90
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
Madrid
The city of Madrid is implementing a roadmap for the

development of egovernment.
It has also launched a Plan for the implementation of the
Law on the Electronic Access of Citizens to Public Services
and has carried out various plans to adapt to National
Security Systems and Interoperability.
Helsinki
The City of Helsinki is developing the next generation of e

Services that are interoperable with other data systems
used by the city.
The aim is to promote productivity by replacing manual
processes
with
electronic
processes.
https://asiointi.hel.fi/eservices
Agenda Digital Bilbao 2012

Bilbao
Bilbao is implementing its Bilbao Digital Agenda 20072012.

This is a Strategic Plan which aims to promote the
improvement of the human, economic and cultural level of
Bilbao, both individually and collectively, thereby promoting
and using resources provided by information and
communication
technologies
and
ensuring
equal
opportunities for all citizens to access them.
The Agenda consists of 40 lines of action / projects spread
over 9 fields: Utilities, Public Space, Infrastructure and
regulations, Groups, Promotion of the ICT sector,
Dissemination, Strategic alliances, Cooperation and the
Improvement of the internal management of the City.
www.bilbao.net/agendadigital
91
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
Roeselare
The city of Rosealare is developing a plan to maximize the

number of online services for citizens and to simplify
procedures by reducing the number of times citizens must
contact the administration in person.
Bordeaux
Bordeaux, Cit Digitale

The city of Bordeaux is implementing a plan for the
development of online services in order to facilitate access to
administrative forms, information about life in the city and a
platform for participation on city issues.
http://www.bordeaux.fr/p64003/citedigitale
Malm
The city of Malm is working on an eProgramme from

business and sustainability perspectives in different areas,
for example, contact centre, eFile, eDemocracy.
http://www.malmo.se/English/Technicalvisits/Theme
CommunicationandEGovernance.html
92
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
Taipei
Taipei City is developing a Plan for the development of e

Government in the City.
The Plan includes the development of services such as:
Citizen Hotline 1999, digital classroom and including
various learning processes into Taipei's Education Portal;
the 010 Automated Emergency System, video surveillance
system and the 119 secondgeneration crime reporting
system for people with speech or hearing problems.
http://tcgwww.taipei.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=29433448&ctN
ode=54085&mp=100095
MexicoCity
Mexico City's General Development Programme 20072012

has included eGovernment as one of the 7 fields that, in a
sense, include ICTs, such as:
1. Political reforms: Full rights to the city and its
inhabitants.
2. Equality.
3. Instant security and justice.
4. Competitive and inclusive economy.
5. Intense cultural movement.
6. Sustainable and longterm development.
7. New urban order: efficient services and quality of life for
all.
In addition, the following programmes also exist:
Citizen Innovation and Government Modernization
Programme.
Special Programme to Develop Information and
Communications Technology.
http://www.cgma.df.gob.mx/wb/cgma/programa_de_inn
ovacion_ciudadana_y_modernizacion_g
93
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
Percentageofservicesavailableonline
The introduction of new technologies in Public Administrations greatly improves

the productivity and quality of the service offered to citizens and businesses,
providing access to government services at any time and place in a more
convenient, personalised, faster and less expensive manner.
The implementation of eGovernment is a priority for cities around the world.
There is complete consensus that it is vital for social development and economic
growth.
Thanks to services like eGovernment, the intention is to provide a more
efficient and higher quality services, save cots, reduce waiting times and
improve the transparency of processes, both for citizens and businesses.
%ofonlinepublicservicescomparedtototalavailableservices
%ofonlinepublicservicescomparedtototalavailableservicesbyregion
14%
20%
90%
90%
14%
80%
80%
70%
70%
%ofcities
the cities that responded to the question stated they had between 0% and 25% of
their services online. The percentage increased in Latin America, where 80% of the
cities stated they had between 26% and 50% and 20% between 76% and 100% of their
services online. However, in the case of Europe, the casuistry is more variable. 43%
of the cities offer between 0% and 25% of their services online and only 14% of them
offer more than 76% of their services online . No information is available on Asia.
100%
100%
60%
Asked about the percentage of available online services with respect to the total
number of services offered, of the 14 cities (2 from Africa, 5 from Latin America and
7 in Europe) that answered the question, 64% of them stated between 0% and 25%.
14% of the cities had between 26% and 50% of their services online, and only 21% had
more than 50%, the latter cities were: Bilbao (67%), Mexico City (80%) and
Barcelona (100%).
29%
60%
64%
50%
50%
100%
80%
40%
40%
30%
30%
43%
20%
20%
14%
10%
14%
7%
10%
0%
Africa
0%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
LatinAmerica
025%
2650%
Asia
5175%
Europe
76100%
94
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
Majoronlineservicesofferedbycities
With respect to the major online services offered by cities, the first place is
taken by the possibility of lodging complaints and claims. This is a service
offered by 68% of the cities. It is followed by requests for certificates and
reports and making payments and debits with 57% and 50% respectively. The
least frequently offered online service is the possibility of applying for school
vacancies.
Meanwhile, in Europe, the online services most frequently offered by the cities
are the possibility to request certificates and reports (77%); make complaints
and claims (69%) and process online payments and debits (62). In Asia, the
number of online services offered by Taipei is very broad.
Cities also offer other online services, in addition to those mentioned, including:
appointments with municipal services, building licenses, registration for City
Council staff selection processes, renewal of parking cards for residents,
renewal of library cards, online animal adoptions, among others.
When analysed by regions, in Africa, the major online services offered by cities
are applications for certificates and reports (60%); the possibility of making
payments and debits (40%), the possibility of lodging complaints and claims
(40%) and online registrations (40%).
In the case of Latin America, the online service offered by most cities is the
possibility to lodge complaints and claims (67%).
%ofcitieswithpubliconlineservicesbyregion
Majoronlineservicesofferedbycities
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
%ofcities
46%
40%
30%
36%
36%
10%
10%
0%
0%
Payments
Taxes
Complaints
Certifications,
reports
69%
62%
62%
60%
54%
School
admissions
40%
Online
registration
Others
33%
33%
20%
25%
20%
40%
100%
100%
100%
50%
57%
50%
30%
67%
60%
64%
60%
100%
77%
70%
70%
50%
100%
100%
100%
38%
40%
38%
33%
22%
20%
20%
20%
0%
Payments
Taxes
Africa
40%
Complaints
Certifications,
reports
LatinAmerica
0%
Schooladmissions Onlineregistration
Asia
Others
Europe
95
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
Electronicsignature
An electronic signature is legally equivalent to a handwritten signature, and

operates using a digital certificate embedded in a chip. The electronic or digital
certificate includes data that is used to identify the certificate holder, to
exchange information with other persons and entities, in a secure manner, and
to sign the data being sent electronically to verify its integrity and provenance.
Of the 26 cities (4 in Africa, 8 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 13 in Europe) taking

part in the study and that answered the question, 54% of them have offer the
use of electronic signatures when conducting municipal procedures.
Regarding the analysis of the information, in the case of Africa, none of the 4
cities that responded to the question have electronic signature systems in place.
In the case of Latin America, the percentage increased slightly to 25% (Mexico
City and Colima).
This contrasts with Europe, a region in which the use of electronic signatures is
more widespread, and in which 69% of the cities (Madrid, Helsinki,
Lappeenranta, Barcelona, Bilbao, Jan, Katowice, Malm and Limoges ) offer
the possibility of using electronic signatures when conducting municipal
procedures.
In Asia, the city of Taipei also has an electronic signature system.
%ofcitiesthathaveelectronicsignaturesystemsbyregion
Doesyourcityhaveanelectronicsignaturesystem?
100%
No
12cities
46%
100%
90%
80%
70%
69%
60%
50%
40%
Yes
14cities
54%
30%
20%
10%
25%
0%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
96
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
AdministrationstaffthatuseInternetconnectedcomputers
Asked about the percentage of administration staff using computers connected

to the Internet, of the 22 cities (4 in Africa, 6 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 11 in
Europe) that answered the question, between 0% and 25% of the administrative
staff use internetconnected computers in 36% of the them. At the other end,
we have 32% of cities where between 76% and 100% of their employees are
connected to the internet.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, in the case of Africa, the
percentage of public employees connected to the Internet is quite limited, as in
75% of the cities the percentage of administrative personnel connected to
internet is between 0% and 15%, and only in 25% of them does the percentage
increase to between 51% and 75%.
In the case of Latin America, the situation is similar to that in Africa, as the
percentage of administrative personnel using Internetconnected computers in
67% of the cities is between 0% and 25%. However, it is noteworthy that in 17% of
them, the percentage rises considerably to between 76% and 100%.
In the case of Europe, the situation is completely different, because, in 49% of the
cities, the percentage of administration staff using computers connected to
Internet is between 76% and 100%, while in another 36% of them, the percentage is
between 51% and 75%. Only 9% of the cities have percentages between 0% and 25%.
In Asia, 100% of the administrative personnel in Taipei uses Internetconnected
computers.
%ofpublicemployeesusingcomputersconnectedtotheInternetbyregion
%ofpublicemployeesusingcomputersconnectedtotheInternet
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
%ofcities
17%
45%
17%
70%
70%
60%
60%
100%
50%
50%
40%
40%
30%
25%
36%
67%
30%
36%
27%
20%
75%
32%
5%
10%
20%
9%
10%
9%
0%
Africa
0%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
025%
LatinAmerica
2650%
Asia
Europe
5175%
76100%
97
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
Transparentgovernance
TransparentGovernance
In the case of Latin America, the information most frequently published on city
websites is related to municipal laws, regulations and plans, information that is
available at 86% of them. This contrasts with the economic information, because
only 29% of the cities publishes their budgets and municipal accounts.
New technologies can be used to enhance democratic processes and increase

opportunities for individuals and communities to interact with the government.
Internet leads to greater participation, as it overcomes the limitations imposed
by geography, disabilities or other factors. It also facilitates access to information
by individuals and groups that had not been included previously.
In the case of Europe, 92% of cities provide information related to municipal plans
on their websites and 85% of them also publishes regulations and budgets. In
Asia, Taipei City offers a wide range of information online and published municipal
regulations, plans and budgets, but does not publish information on laws.
Asked about the institutional information available online for citizens, of the 25
cities (4 in Africa, 7 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 13 in Europe) that responded to
the question, the institutional information that was most widely posted on the
cities' websites involve municipal plans and regulations, as this type of information
was found in 88% and 84% of them respectively. In 72% of cities, economic
financial information on the cities and municipal accounts or budgets were also
available.
Analysing the information at regional level, we find that the information most
frequently posted by cities in Africa on their websites is related to municipal
budgets and accounts, since 100% of cities that responded to this question post
this type of information.
Institutionalinformationavailableonlinetothepublic(transparency)
100%
100%
100%
90%
100%
100%
100%
92%
86%
80%
86%
85%
75%
75%
70%
86%
85%
62%
54%
50%
90%
%ofcities
%ofcitiesthatprovideinstitutionalinformationonlinebyregion
60%
100%
84%
80%
88%
40%
70%
72%
30%
60%
50%
The cities also publish other information, such as: Municipal corporation
(composition, structure, contact details, etc.), news and announcements,
subsidies and grants and service contracts, among others.
56%
29%
25%
20%
40%
44%
30%
10%
0%
29%
0%
0%
20%
Legalframework
Regulation
Municipalplans
Budgets
Others
10%
Africa
0%
Legal
framework
Regulation
Municipalplans
Budgets
Others
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
98
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
eDemocracy
eDemocracy
Citizenparticipation
The socalled electronic democracy involves the use of ICT (computers, Internet
and telecommunications) to improve politics and citizen participation in
democratic communication and decisionmaking processes.

answered the question, 62% have developed some type of online platform to
promote citizen participation.
One of the key factors in the current municipal administration is the

incorporation of participatory processes aimed at establishing a dialogue with
the public. Public participation helps to:
Regarding the analysis of the information, there is a great contrast between

Asia and Europe with regard to Africa and Latin America.
Increase the effectiveness of measures through the inclusion of citizens and

social groups.
Strengthen the involvement of citizens (commitment for the common good).
In the case of Africa and Latin America, only 20% and 38% of cities, respectively,
have developed some form of online engagement platform, while in the case of
Europe and Asia, the percentage of cities that have developed a platform rises
to 92% and 100%, respectively.
Strengthen the democratic system (take into account as many views as

possible when deciding).
Strengthen general interests against individual interests.
%ofcitiesthathavesometypeofcitizenparticipationplatformbyregion
Obtain the support of citizens.

100%
100%
90%
DoesyourCityhaveanonlineplatformforcitizenparticipation?
92%
80%
No
10cities
38%
70%
60%
50%
40%
38%
30%
Yes
16cities
62%
20%
20%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
99
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
eDemocracy
With regard to they type of major participation platforms used, in the first place
we have email (88%) and the use of chats and forums (75%).
Regarding the use of major online platforms by region, the main platform used
in Africa is email (100%).
Other platforms that are also widely used by cities include online surveys (69%)
and social networks (63%). In this last section, the major social networks used by
cities are: Twitter, Youtube, Flickr, Facebook, RSS, Foursquare.
In the case of Latin America, cities primarily use email (100%), but there is also
widespread use of chats and forums (67%), online surveys (67%) and social
networks (67%).
31% of the cities use, in addition to the previously mentioned platforms, other
online participation platforms such as:
European cities primarily use email (75%) as well as chats and forums (75%). The
Asian city of Taipei has all the online platforms mentioned.
Blogs.
Citizen service hotline.
Majoronlineparticipationplatformsusedbycities,byregion
Majoronlineparticipationplatformsusedbycities.
100%
90%
100%
100%
100%
100%
80%
100%
90%
100%
100%
100%
69%
75%
67%
67%
58%
50%
63%
60%
67%
60%
75%
70%
75%
70%
88%
80%
50%
40%
%ofcities
50%
30%
40%
30%
31%
33%
20%
20%
10%
10%
0%
Email
0%
Email
Chats/Forums
Onlinesurveys SocialNetworks
0%
0%
Chats/Forums
Onlinesurveys
0%
0% 0%
SocialNetworks
Others
Others
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
100
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
eDemocracy
Electronicvoting
Electronic voting includes both electronic methods for casting votes and
electronic vote counting systems. Therefore, it must feature all the
advantages of legal security to be implemented, as it is considered that all
the technological means to do so exist.
In that sense, the first advantage of electronic voting is that it is a cheaper,
more efficient, secure and accurate system than traditional voting methods.
It can be used in an intuitive way by all potential users, and for all types of
votes or interactions (voting in elections, referendums, popular
initiatives...).
Asked about the availability of evoting systems in their cities, it is noteworthy

that of the 26 cities (5 in Africa, 8 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 12 in Europe)
that responded to the question, only 15% have electronic voting systems in
place.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, it is noteworthy that only
cities in Latin America and Asia have electronic voting systems in place. In the
case of Latin America, 38% of cities (Charata, Mexico City and Colima) have
electronic voting systems. In Asia, the city of Taipei also offers this possibility.
%ofcitiesthathaveelectronicvotingsystemsinplacebyregion
DoesyourCityhaveanelectronicvotingsysteminplace?
100%
No
22cities
85%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
Yes
4cities
15%
38%
30%
20%
0%
0%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
101
3.SmartIndicators
3.3SmartGovernance
PromotingICTandInnovation
PromotingICTandInnovation
Regarding the organisation of ICT and innovation awarenessraising or
promotional events, of the 26 cities (5 in Africa, 8 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and
12 in Europe) that answered the question, 46% organise some kind of event.
When studying the information by region, we can see that in the case of Africa
and Latin America the percentage of cities that have organised some kind of
event is low, at 20% (Durban) and 25% (Guatemala and Mexico City) respectively.
This percentage increases considerably in the case of Europe, a region where
83% of the cities (Madrid, Helsinki, Lappeenranta, Barcelona, Bilbao, Lisbon,
Katowice, Bordeaux, Le Havre and Malm) organise ICT and innovationrelated
events. In Asia, the city of Taipei also organises events.
The type of event varies quite a lot. Most of the events organised by cities are
aimed at bringing together trend leaders, experts, entrepreneurs, academics,
institutions, the media and investors from the fields of innovation, technology
and Internet to discuss the challenges and technological developments and how
they affect cities.
Similarly, events targeting citizens are also organised to display the use of new
technologies as well as available online services and how to use them.
%ofcitiesthatorganiseICTandinnovationrelatedeventsbyregion
DoesyourCityCouncil/CityorganiseICTandinnovationrelatedevents?
100%
100%
90%
Yes
12cities
46%
80%
83%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
No
14cities
54%
20%
25%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
102
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
3.4SmartMobility
Smart Mobility has to do with providing the public with access to new
technologies, and the use of these in everyday urban life.
The infrastructure must provide the ability for all users to share and process
any information instantly from anywhere.
Smart governance is characterised by the following factors:

Connectivity and ICT infrastructure.
Penetration of ICT use in homes.
Today, the transmission of vast amounts of information at high speed

requires a large bandwidth. Broadband has become the cornerstone of the
future development of the Internet and the Information Society.
Internet usage.
Only with good broadband infrastructure can communications services be

developed. These services are being put into operation at a very limited rate,
but they will be widespread in the near future.
Mobile phone usage.
In recent years, interesting municipal initiatives have been introduced that,

taking advantage of wireless technologies, Wifi, have established a public
telecommunications network that even allows Internet access at a certain
speed. The possibility of a free service could be considered "unfair
competition"; which is one of the current topics being discussed.
Broadband coverage.
Broadband usage.
Mobile Internet usage penetration.
Public Internet Access.

WiFi hotspots in cities.
Public Internet access centres.
Promotion deals with ISPs.
103
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
PenetrationofICTuseinhomes.
New technologies have become an indispensable tool in our daily lives.

More and more households have a personal computer.
Asked about the percentage of population that have personal computers, of

the 20 cities (4 in Africa, 8 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 7 in Europe) that
answered the question, it is noteworthy that in 40% of them the rate of people
who had personal computers was between 76% and 100%. Only 10% of the cities
displayed percentages between 0% and 25%.
In the case of Africa, in 50% of the cities, the population that have computers
stands between 26% and 50%; and in 25% of them, the percentage increases to
between 76% and 100%. In the case of Latin America, in most cities (75%), the
percentage is between 26% and 50%; however, in 25% of them the percentage
falls to between 0% and 25%.
In the case of Europe, the percentage of the population that have personal
computers is very high; in 86% of cities the percentage stands between 76%
and 100%. Only in 14% of them, the percentage falls to between 51% and 75%.
In the case of Taipei City, 91% of the population has a personal computer.
Regarding the analysis of information by region, Africa and Latin America are
the regions with the lowest percentage of people who have personal
computers.
%ofresidentswhohavepersonalcomputersbyregion.
%ofresidentswhohavepersonalcomputers.
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
70%
%ofcities
70%
25%
75%
86%
60%
60%
50%
50%
40%
40%
40%
40%
30%
30%
20%
20%
10%
10%
25%
50%
25%
14%
0%
10%
10%
100%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
0%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
104
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
Internetusage
Internet has revolutionised the way we interact, learn, entertain and work.
Today it is hard to imagine our life without Internet.
In the case of Latin America, the picture is more varied, as there are cities
where a high percentage of the population use the Internet and cities where
the percentage is very small, however, note that in 50% of them Internet users
stand at between 26% and 50%.
Proof of this statement is that of the 22 cities (4 in Africa, 8 in Latin America, 1

in Asia and 7 in Europe) that answered the question, in 41% of them, the rate of
Internet users is between 76% and 100%. Only 9% of the cities displayed
percentages between 0% and 25%.
In the case of Europe, the penetration rate of Internet use is higher than in
cities in Africa and Latin America. In the cities in this region, the rate of Internet
users is very high, as in 78% of them the percentage is between 76% and 100% of
the population and only in 22% of them does it drop to between 51% and 75%.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, in the case of Africa, in

most of the cities, 75% of them, the percentage of Internet users was between
26% and 50% while in 25% of the cities the percentage increased to between 51%
and 75%.
In Taipei, the rate of Internet usage is also high; 78% of the population uses
Internet.
%ofInternetusersincitiesbyregion
%ofInternetusers
100%
100%
90%
90%
%ofcities
12,5%
80%
80%
70%
70%
60%
60%
50%
50%
40%
40%
41%
30%
32%
78%
50%
100%
75%
30%
20%
25%
22%
10%
20%
10%
12,5%
25%
18%
0%
Africa
9%
0%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
LatinAmerica
025%
2650%
Asia
5175%
Europe
76100%
105
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
Broadbandcoverage
Broadband or highspeed Internet allows users to enjoy a connection to

Internet and to the services it offers at speeds that are significantly higher than
those provided by dialup Internet services. The band includes several high
speed transmission technologies, such as: Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable
modem or fiber optics, Wireless, Satellite and Broadband over the power line
(BPL).
Asked about the percentage of territory with broadband coverage, it is

noteworthy that of the 20 towns (3 in Africa, 8 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 8 in
Europe) that answered the question, in 70% of them the percentage of the
territory with broadband coverage was very high (between 76% and 100%) and in
only 10% of them it was very small (between 0% and 25%).
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, we find a great contrast

between cities in the case of Africa; while in 67% of them the percentage of the
territory covered by broadband is very high (between 76% and 100%) in the
remaining 33% the percentage is very low (between 0% and 25%).
The situation is similar in the case of Latin America, while in 50% of the cities the
percentage covered by broadband is very high (between 76% and 100%), in 38% of
them it is significantly reduced (between 26% and 50%) and even in 12% of cities, it
is very low (between 0% and 25%).
In the case of Europe, the percentage territory covered by broadband in 88% of
cities is very high (between 76% and 100%) and in only 12% of them it falls to
between 26% and 50%. On the other hand, the percentage of land in Taipei with
broadband coverage is very high (90%).
%ofterritorywithbroadbandcoverage
%ofterritorywithbroadbandcoveragebyregion
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
70%
70%
70%
%ofcities
60%
88%
60%
100%
50%
50%
40%
40%
30%
30%
20%
38%
33%
12%
10%
20%
10%
50%
67%
20%
10%
12%
0%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
2650%
5175%
76100%
0%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
025%
106
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
Broadbandusage.
Asked about the percentage of population subscribed to broadband

technology, the information provided by the 20 cities (3 in Africa, 6 in Latin
America, 1 in Asia and 9 in Europe) that responded to the question differs
greatly, because while in 40% of them the rate was very high (between 76% and
100%), in 30% of them the rate of the population subscribed to broadband was
very small (between 025%) .
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, it is noteworthy that in
Africa, in 100% of the cities that responded to the question, the percentage of
people subscribed to broadband services is very low (between 0% and 25%) .
In the case of Latin America, the penetration of broadband is more segregated.

In 50% of the cities the percentage of people subscribed to broadband is very
low (between 0% and 25%), but in 17% of them the percentage rose to between
56% and 75%.
In Europe, the situation is different, because in 78% of the cities the percentage
of people subscribed to broadband is very high (between 76% and 100%) and
only in 12%, the percentage drops to between 56% and 75%.
In the case of Asia, in Taipei, 80% of the population is subscribed to broadband
services.
%ofpeoplesubscribedtobroadbandbyregion
%ofpeoplesubscribedtobroadband
100%
100%
80%
%ofcities
80%
33%
70%
70%
60%
60%
50%
50%
40%
100%
30%
40%
30%
17%
90%
90%
40%
30%
15%
15%
50%
20%
12%
2650%
5675%
0%
Africa
0%
025%
100%
10%
20%
10%
78%
76100%
025%
LatinAmerica
2650%
Asia
5675%
Europe
76100%
107
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
Mobilephoneusage
It is clear that mobile phones are one of the most widely used means of
communication in cities.

Africa, in 50% of the cities that responded to the question, the percentage of
people who have mobile phones is between 76% and 100% . Only 25% of the cities
presented percentages between 0% and 25%.

answered the question, in 68% of them, the rate of the population that have
mobile phones is between 76% and 100%.
In the case of Latin America and Europe, as in Africa, in most of the cities (50%
and 88%, respectively) the percentage people who have mobile phones is
between 76% and 100%, and even in 13% of them, people have more than one
phone.
Notably, in 14% of the cities, most people have more than one mobile phone, as
is the case in Helsinki, Taipei and Mexico City.
In Asia, most of the population of Taipei has more than one mobile phone.
%ofpeoplesubscribedtomobilephoneservices
%ofpeoplesubscribedtomobilephoneservicesbyregion
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
%ofcities
60%
50%
60%
62%
100%
50%
50%
40%
40%
88%
25%
30%
30%
20%
5%
5%
10%
25%
25%
10%
14%
14%
13%
0%
Africa
0%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
13%
50%
70%
70%
20%
13%
<100%
025%
LatinAmerica
2650%
Asia
5175%
Europe
76100%
<100%
108
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
MobileInternetusage
In recent years, smartphones and mobile devices have come into our lives
and are becoming increasingly popular. The rapid growth of smart mobile
devices and smartphones that are continuously appearing on the market, is
generating a positive momentum that is accelerating the growth of mobile
Internet use at an unstoppable pace.
Asked about the percentage of mobile Internet users, of the 21 cities (4 in

Africa, 8 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 8 in Europe) that answered the
question, the percentage of the population using mobile internet devices in
67% of them was between 0% and 25%. Higher percentages, in between 76% and
100%, could only be found in 10% of the cities.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, in the case of Africa, in 75%
of the cities, between 0% and 25% of the population use Internet over mobile
devices.
This percentage increases in Latin America, where in a large majority of cities
(88%) the rate is also between 0% and 25% and the percentage rises to between
26% and 50% in only 12% of them.
In the case of Europe, the percentage of the people that use mobile Internet
services is between 0% and 25% in 50% of the cities , but it is noteworthy that, in
25% of them, this rate increases to between 76% and 100%. This is the case in
the cities of Bordeaux and Lisbon.
%ofmobileInternetusersbyregion
%ofmobileInternetusers
100%
100%
90%
90%
12,5%
70%
70%
%ofcities
25%
80%
80%
60%
12%
25%
60%
67%
12,5%
100%
50%
50%
40%
40%
30%
30%
20%
88%
75%
50%
10%
20%
14%
10%
0%
10%
10%
0%
025%
2650%
5175%
76100%
Africa
025%
LatinAmerica
2650%
Asia
5175%
Europe
76100%
109
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
WiFihotspotsincities
More and more cities have WiFi hotspots around town with the aim of
extending the benefits of the Information Society to all citizens. These
hotspots enable citizens to connect, browse the Internet and perform online
transactions offered by the municipality. They must always comply with the
restrictions established in the legislation of their countries of origin.

Africa only 20% of the cities offer WiFi hotspots. In the case of Latin America,
this percentage increases to 50%. However, these data contrast with those of
Europe and Asia, regions where the percentage of cities that offer Internet
hotspots is very high.
In the case of Europe, 85% of the cities that responded to the question offer
Internet hotspots. In Asia, the city of Taipei also offers WiFi hotspots.

answered the question, 62% offer WiFi hotspots.
DoestheCityCouncilofferWiFihotspotsinthecity?
%ofcitieswithWiFihotspotsbyregion
No
10ciudades
38%
100%
100%
90%
85%
80%
70%
60%
50%
S
17ciudades
62%
50%
40%
30%
20%
20%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
110
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
Regarding the number of WiFi hotspots each city has, of the 13 cities (1 in Africa,
2 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 9 in Europe) that provided this information, 54%
of them have installed between 0 and 25 WiFi hotspots. In 15%, the number of
hotspots rises to between 26 and 50. Notably, 15% of cities offer more than 500
WiFi hotspots.
When analysing this information by region, we find that, in the case of Africa,
100% of the cities that provided information have between 26 and 50 available
WiFi hotspots.
In the case of Latin America, the figures vary considerably and while 50% of cities
have between 0 and 25 WiFi hotspots, the remaining 50% have more than 500
hotspots.
In the case of Europe, most of the cities (56%) have from 0 to 25 Wireless
hotspots. Notably, 11% of cities offer more than 500 WiFi hotspots.
In the case of the Asian city of Taipei, it has made available 4 WiFi hotspots for
its population.
NumberofWiFihotspotsavailableincities
NumberofWiFihotspotsavailableincitiesbyregion
100%
100%
11%
90%
11%
90%
80%
50%
80%
70%
%ofcities
11%
60%
60%
50%
11%
70%
50%
54%
40%
40%
30%
30%
20%
100%
100%
56%
50%
20%
15%
15%
10%
8%
10%
8%
0%
025
2650
51100
100500
<500
0%
Africa
025
LatinAmerica
2650
Asia
51100
Europe
100500
<500
111
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
PublicInternetaccesscentres
In order to provide all citizens with access to new technologies, the cities are
dedicating municipal spaces to offers citizens computers with internet access.
These centres also provide training and support in the use of new
technologies.
the cities provide public Internet access centres, which is lower than in other
regions.
In the case of Latin America, more and more cities are implementing this type of
initiative. 75% of the cities now have public Internet access centres.
In the case of Europe and Asia, 100% of the cities that responded to the question
have public Internet access centres.
Creating public Internet access centres is an initiative that is becoming

increasingly widespread in the cities. Of the 27 cities (5 in Africa, 8 in Latin
America, 1 in Asia and 13 in Europe) that answered the question, most of them
(85%) offer public Internet access centres for their citizens.
%ofcitiesthatprovidefreeInternetaccesscentresbyregion
DoesyourcityprovidefreeInternetaccesscentres?
No
4cities
15%
100%
100%
90%
100%
80%
70%
60%
75%
60%
50%
40%
30%
Yes
23cities
85%
20%
10%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
112
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
PromotiondealswithISPs.
In some cases, cities have reached some kind of agreement with ISPs with a
view to providing the public with the opportunity of subscribing a highquality
Internet connection at reasonable prices.
While this is a good option as regards facilitating all citizens with Internet
access, the percentage of cities that have reached some form of agreement is
small. Of the 26 cities (5 in Africa, 8 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 12 in Europe)
that responded to the question, only 15% of them has reached some sort of
agreement with ISPs.
In regard to the analysis of the information by regions, we can highlight that 20%
of African cities have arranged some kind of deal with ISPs; this is the case of
the eThekwiniDurban Municipality.
In the case of Latin America, none of the cities that responded to the question
has arranged any offer of this kind. On the other hand, in Europe 17% of the cities
have. This is the case of Lappeenranta and Bordeaux.
The case of Asia, Taipei has also arranged a deal with ISPs.
%ofcitiesthathavepromoteddealswithISPsbyregion
HasyourcitypromoteddealswithISPstoreducethedigitaldividebetween
thepopulation?
100%
No
22cities
85%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
Yes
4cities
15%
20%
10%
20%
17%
0%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
113
3.SmartIndicators
3.4SmartMobility
Wireless Taipei Taipei Infinity

Taipei
Through the "Wireless Taipei Taipei Infinity" initiative, the

Local Government of the city of Taipei has deployed a
wireless LAN (WLAN) that covers over 90% of the city's
population (2.3 million inhabitants). The service is available
free of charge and there are no limits regarding the terms
of access and frequency. The initiative has made the City
of Taipei into the "City with the world's largest WiFi"
according to JiWire. Citizens, visitors and business
travelers can access the internet through their laptops,
smartphones and mobile computers using this WiFi
connection.
eThekwini,
Durban
The Municipality has deployed a Next Generation Network

(NGN) and is selling it wholesale to the private sector.
Prices are from 40 to 60 percent cheaper than those
offered by Teleco companies.
http://english.doit.taipei.gov.tw/MP_121002.html
114
3.SmartIndicators
3.5SmartEnvironment
3.5SmartEnvironment
Smart environment refers to the use of new technologies to protect and

preserve a city's environment.
Smart environment is characterised by the following factors:
Security and trust.
Using ICT to improve public safety.
Culture and identity.

Initiatives for the digitization of heritage assets.
115
3.SmartIndicators
3.5SmartEnvironment
Securityandtrust
Securityandtrust
The level of risk in cities and regions is increasing rapidly, particularly in

developing countries, where town development often takes place in areas
that are open to disasters. Half the world's population live in cities, which
concentrate all kinds of human activities. Therefore, they are more vulnerable
to terrorism, crime and natural disasters.
Local authorities can improve security using ICT systems and, consequently,
make their cities safer, more sustainable and prosperous. To gain the
necessary experience, it is crucial that experts from different disciplines work
closely together and in conjunction with relevant partners.

answered this question, 61% have implemented a system to improve security
through the use of new technologies.
Regarding the analysis of the information, it is noteworthy that in the case of
Africa, none of the cities that responded to the question has developed any
initiative. In the case of Latin America, 57% of cities have used new technologies
to improve security. The percentage of cities rises to 82% in Europe, where most
cities have developed a public safety system based on the use of ICT. Taipei has
also implemented a system.
Hasyourcityimplementedasystemtoimprovepublicsafetybased
onICTsystems?
%ofcitiesthathaveimplementedasystemtoimprovepublicsafetythrough
theuseofICTbyregion
No
9cities
39%
100%
100%
90%
80%
82%
70%
60%
57%
50%
40%
30%
20%
Yes
14cities
61%
10%
0%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
116
3.SmartIndicators
3.5SmartEnvironment
Securityandtrust
Barcelona
The City Council of Barcelona has made intensive use of new

technologies to improve safety. These include the following:
PDAs for municipal police officers. The most important
features relating to security are:
o Access to the NIP (Police Information Core), which provides online
access to the background of people and vehicles.
o Access to the DGT (Traffic Department) that provides online access
to driving licenses (type, withdrawal ...) and vehicle data (insurance,
MOT ...).
or Municipal reports and SCT of infringements detected and online
transmission to the databases.
Mycelium: renewal of the computer system used to handle

incidents and emergencies in Barcelona by the City Police and
Fire Department.
Kepler Project: Installation of PCs in police vehicles. It
provides the vehicles with the same information available
from the NIP.
Surveillance cameras: video surveillance cameras for
prevention purposes in relation to public safety in different
parts of the city.
Red Photo: installation of fixed devices to capture violations
of drivers failing to respect red lights at the points with the
highest accident rates in the city.
Bilbao
Bilbao has surveillance cameras in 15 areas of the city.

Some have double lens, covering two angles with a single
recording device. The quality of the recorded images, with a
resolution of 3 megapixels, allows the identification of
people or objects at a distance of between 25 and 50
metres, since the sequences can be expanded up to 400%
digitally without losing sharpness.
The images are transmitted using encryption techniques
and through optical fibre connections. Therefore, they
cannot be lost or be manipulated, since a fingerprint system
used during storage of recordings prevents any changes to
them.
The recordings are archived for seven days at the Data
Processing Centre of the Municipal Police and can be
transferred to the courts of justice, the prosecution, the
Ararteko and to other police forces, but only for the sole
purpose of identification in the event of criminal acts. Only
the Bilbao city police can use this surveillance system, but
the City Council has already taken steps to transfer the
information obtained to the Joint Police Coordination
Centre that coordinates the municipal police and the
regional police (Ertzaintza).
http://bilbaopol.blogspot.com.es/2011/01/videovigilancia
policial.html
117
3.SmartIndicators
3.5SmartEnvironment
Securityandtrust
MexicoCity
Bicentennial Project Safe City. This system consists of

surveillance equipment, emergency button and speaker, to
interact with the public. It will improve the level of surveillance
and policing, as it coordinates the efforts of all government
areas resulting in a response time of 5 minutes from the time
that the authority becomes aware of an emergency or crime.
Katowice
Police Performance Assessment. The purpose is to

institutionalise and systematise the assessment of police
actions at all command and operational levels. Its design
facilitates conducting meetings that, chaired by the Secretary
himself, are used to analyse information on the crime rate in
the regions, branches and sectors in which police work is
organised in Mexico City.
Monitoring Police Operations. It features mechanisms for
information visualization that, with the support of
georeference systems, enables the continuous monitoring of
daily operations and the evolution of specific police operations
in real time.
Taipei
Video surveillance system. The City of Katowice has

established a video surveillance system that monitors
vital city areas: a city center, the main Katowice car
tunnel and regional Silesian Intercity Road. The video
streams are displayed and analyzed online by Municipal
Police assisted by representatives of State Police,
municipal fire brigade and health service. The
communication infrastructure used by the monitoring
system includes both fibre channel and wireless WilMax
links.
Intelligent Dispatch System. On January 7, 2010, a total

of 543 sets of mobile devices were deployed for all of
Taipei Citys police districts and offices. It integrated
many of the existing systems, including the 110
Emergency Service Automated Dispatch System, a
dispatch command and control system, a supervision and
management system and a mobile information
management system.
Video Surveillance System. The Taipei City Government
has planned a comprehensive installation of video
surveillance systems for distance monitoring, recording
and epatrol with videoconferencing capabilities.
118
3.SmartIndicators
3.5SmartEnvironment
Cultureandidentity
Cultureandidentity
The use of ICT can contribute to the cultural transmission of and to maintaining
and strengthening cultural identity in the widest possible terms, particularly of
minority languages a nd cultures.
A learning society must make special efforts to transform its history, customs,
languages a nd values, its peculiarities and diversities into information and
disseminate it by making use of the revolution in information and
communications technology.
This new reality is encouraging the diversity and promotion of cultures
considered as minority cultures ethnic, religious, cultural and intellectual
minorities in an environment where the potential audience is not limited to
discoverers of strange and picturesque editions, but extends to the whole
universe of people connected to the net.

answered the question, 54% have implemented some type of initiative to digitise
the city's cultural heritage.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, there is a gap between
Africa and Latin America in comparison with Europe and Asia. In the case of
Africa, only 20% of cities have developed some type of initiative. This percentage
rises slightly in Latin America, where 33% of the cities have carried out some
initiative to digitise their heritage. Still, this figure contrasts with the case in
Europe, where most of the cities (77%) have implemented some type of
initiative. The Asian city of Taipei has also digitised part of their cultural heritage.
%ofcitiesthathaveundertakeninitiativestodigitisetheirculturalheritage,byregion
Hasyourcityundertakenanyinitiativetodigitiseitscultural
heritage?
100%
100%
90%
No
13cities
46%
80%
77%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
Yes
15cities
54%
20%
10%
33%
20%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
119
3.SmartIndicators
3.5SmartEnvironment
Cultureandidentity
Heksinki
Most initiatives are carried out by the Finnish State. The City
Museum and the City Archive have digitalized for example
thousands of photographs and other items from their
collections and save them to their databases. The City also
participates
in
international
initiatives,
like:
www.europeana.eu
Bordeaux
http://www.heritageprod.fr/Bordeauxen3D/leprojet
b3d.html
Taipei
Roeselare
MexicoCity
Scanning of heritage documents in order to make them

available for public in the future.
In its fifth year, the forum entitled: "The Archives: memories

of the people, heritage of humanity" held in August 2011,
addressed issues such as Cultural Heritage Conservation
Policies. This forum was organised by the Ministry of Culture
of the Federal District in coordination with the National
Autonomous University of Mexico and the Old College of San
Ildefonso.
Using augmented reality that allows people to visit the city in a

bygone era. QR codes are also used to provide information on
the main UNESCO Heritage sites in the city.
The Taipei in the Making project endeavors to digitize and

create a valueadded information retrieval system for
parliamentary documents authorized by Taipei City Council.
The outcome includes 255,982 digitalized pages of
parliamentary journals, 266,644 pages of parliamentary
gazettes, and over 65 thousand minutes of the Council
Chamber video recordings, dated since 1969. The project
builds a web site with a multitude of search capacity and
provides an instant messaging reference service basing on the
digitized content. It demonstrates an holistic view of the
representative democracy of Taipei
120
3.SmartIndicators
3.5SmartEnvironment
Cultureandidentity
The City Council has launched various Cultural Heritage digitization projects:
Barcelona
Digitizing real estate collections belonging to the municipal museums: the inventory, documentation of assets includes digitised photographs
(preferably saved in two formats, storage and dissemination). These images are accessible and searchable through the online collections section of
each museum's website. Example: http://www.bcn.cat/museupicasso/ca/colleccio/cataleg.html
Online publication of single catalogues for each museum and group of libraries and documentation centres of municipal museums: The second
phase of the project involves the digitization of book covers, hand sheets, invitations, etc. http://catalegbibliotequesicub.bcn.cat/
Collaboration of the Arxiu Historic de Barcelona (Historic Archive of Barcelona) with various entities for the development of joint digitization
projects: such as the Ark of digitization project and the public consultation on the collection network of historical journals
http://www.bnc.cat/digital/arca/ index.html
Ongoing project for the deployment of Media Asset Manager that provides quick and easy access to audiovisual content, automates work flows, and
allows the efficient reuse and sharing of content. Deployed to date in communication, broadcasting media and press to manage images linked to public
events and programmes of the ICUB (Barcelona Institute of Culture).
Barcelona Archaeological Map: map representing archaeological work in the city, linking documentation related to the site (plans, reports, pictures ..).
GIS visualisation that will soon be available on the network via Geoportal.
Other specific digitization projects developed especially on certain occasions:
o Exposicin Murals sota la lupa (Mural Exhibitions). Les pintures de la capella de Sant Miquel (Paintings in Sant Miquel Chapel). Museu dHistria de la Ciutat (City's
History Museum).
o Barcelona en gtic (Gothic Barcelona). Project developed in the History Museum and led by Barcelona Media. 3D implementation of part of the Ciutat Vella district
that allows real time viewing of Gothic benchmarks in the area:
o Virtual exhibitions of the Barcelona Photographic Archive http://www.bcn.cat/arxiu/fotografic/expos.html
o Consultation and sale of images from the Barcelona Photographic Archive http://www.bcn.cat/arxiu/fotografic/
o Project being disseminated (2.0) regarding the Ramon Marull phillatelic collection of the Barcelona City Council via a specific website.
121
3.SmartIndicators
3.6SmartLiving
3.6SmartLiving
Talking about Smart Living is to compile several aspects that

substantially improve the quality of life of citizens, such as culture,
health, safety, housing, tourism, etc.
Developing each of these aspects leads to a more satisfactory, full and
harmonious life.
Smart living is characterised by the following factors:
eHealth.
Electronic health card.
Online medical services.
Remote home control or alarm systems for patients.
Accessibility and eInclusion.

Development of digital inclusion programmes for groups at risk of
exclusion.
122
3.SmartIndicators
3.6SmartLiving
eHealth.
eHealth.
Electronichealthcard.
eHealth is defined as the application of Information and Communication

Technologies (ICT) to issues affecting health care, from the diagnosis to
monitoring patients, including the management of the organisations involved in
these activities.
eHealth provides citizens with considerable advantages in terms of information
and it even promotes the attainment of alternative diagnoses and of remote
assistance.
Among the advantages of eHealth systems, we can mention the increased
feeling of confidence in patients, who see an improvement in their quality of life,
reduced costs for medical institutions in terms of resources and time, ongoing
support and the reduction of access barriers to health care.
Asked about the availability of electronic health cards in their cities, of the 17
cities (1 in Africa, 7 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 8 in Europe) that responded to
the question, only 35% have electronic health cards in place.
In the case of Africa, none of cities have implemented electronic health cards. In
Latin America, only 17% of the cities have this system in place; such as the city of
Colima. The percentage of cities increases in Europe, where half of the cities
have some sort of electronic health card. This is the case in the cities of Helsinki,
Bilbao, Katowice and Malm. Meanwhile, in Asia, Taipei also has some type of
electronic health card.
%ofcitiesthathavesomeformofelectronichealthcard,byregion
Doesyourcityhavesometypeofelectronichealthcard?
100%
100%
90%
No
11cities
65%
80%
70%
60%
50%
50%
40%
30%
20%
Yes
7cities
35%
0%
10%
14%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
123
3.SmartIndicators
3.6SmartLiving
eHealth.
Onlinemedicalservices
Consulted on the major online medical services available to citizens (online

appointments, electronic prescriptions and digital dossier), of the 27 cities (5 in
Africa, 9 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 12 in Europe) that answered the question,
the most widely available medical service is the possibility of requesting an
appointment online, as 19% of cities offers such a possibility. It is closely
followed by the availability of medical records in digital format; available in 15%
of the cities.
In the case of Europe, the most frequently available online medical services are
online requires for appointment, available in 33% of the cities, and the online
medical records, available in 25% of cities. Only 8% provide the possibility of
electronic prescriptions. On the other hand, in the city of Taipei, citizens can
make use of the three services consulted.
Besides the services surveyed, 11% of the cities provide other online medical
procedures, such as:
When analysing the information by region, we must mention that the online
medical services considered in the study were not available in any of the cities in
Africa and Latin America.
Requesting diagnosis certificates, birth certificates and other medical

records.
Payment of medical expenses.
Request for change of physician.
Onlinemedicalservicesavailabletocitizens
%ofcitieswherecitizenscanmakeuseofonlinemedicalservices,byregion
100%
90%
100%
80%
90%
100%
80%
70%
%ofcities
100%
100%
100%
70%
60%
60%
50%
50%
40%
40%
30%
30%
20%
20%
19%
10%
7%
15%
11%
Digital
prescription
25%
0% 0%
0% 0%
0% 0%
8%
11%
0%
8%
0%
0%
Onlinerequires
forappointment
10%
33%
Onlinemedical
repports
Others
Onlinerequiresfor
appointment
Digitalprescription
Africa
Onlinemedical
repports
LatinAmerica
Asia
Others
Europe
124
3.SmartIndicators
3.6SmartLiving
eHealth.
Remotehomecontroloralarmsystemsforpatients
Other eHealth benefits include the possibility of remote home access services,
telealarm systems (particularly useful in the case of elderly patients) or TV
patient monitoring, used to control vital signs.
responded to the question, only 35% of them offered citizens access to a remote
home control or telealarm system as a measure to monitor patients.
In the case of Latin America, these services are not yet widespread and are only
available in 17% of the cities; Mexico City. By contrast, in Europe, this service is
becoming more accessible, as 55% of the cities offer its citizens these services,
such as Madrid, Helsinki, Lappeenranta, Bilbao, Malm and Le Havre.
In Taipei, this service is also available to the public.
Regarding the analysis of the information by region, it is noteworthy that none

of the cities in Africa offer its citizens these services.
%ofcitiesinwhichsometypeofremotehomemonitoringsystemis
available,byregion
Doesyourcityofferanyremotehomemonitoringoralarmsystemto
overseepatients?
100%
No
15cities
65%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
55%
40%
Yes
8cities
35%
30%
20%
10%
0%
14%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
125
3.SmartIndicators
3.6SmartLiving
eHealth.
Helsinki
Lappeenranta
Bilbao
In some nursing homes, the floor features an alarm that is

triggered if there is no movement in the room.
MexicoCity
Safety phones and alert bracelets.
OSarean Project (Osakidetza on the Net).

The goal of the OSarean Project is to develop a remote
relationship and service model, "a distance system",
focused on the needs of patients, health professionals and
citizens.
http://www.osakidetza.euskadi.net
Taipei
The "Help button" programme, which focuses on

assisting the elderly who live alone, provides them
attention to any emergency over the telephone. It makes
use of support networks and medical and security services
in Mexico City. It is currently a pilot project provided to 100
users.
Taipei Telecare takes advantage of information and

communication technology such as telemedicine and
telecare, mobile applications and localized services. Taipei
citizens particularly those who live in remote areas, the
elderly who live alone, as well as middleand lowincome
households may use the 1999 Citizen Hotline to access
medical video conferencing service at the Healthcare
Customer Center for distance measurement on blood
pressure, blood sugar, body temperature and cardiac
rhythm, and able to print out their physiology
measurements at convenient store kiosks.
http://english.doit.taipei.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=4194579&ct
Node=45812&mp=121002
Havre
The Municipal Social Action Centre of the city of Le Havre

has developed a remote alarm system. The programme
aims at providing services to people with disabilities
through a medical listening device at any time 365 days of
the year.
http://lehavre.fr/dossierannexe/latelealarme
Malm
Personal security alarm and surveillance in case of

emergency of personal health.
126
3.SmartIndicators
3.6SmartLiving
ICT can enhance the capabilities of people with special needs, providing them
with autonomy, independence and access to services that had not always been
available to them. This is why the use of ICT should focus mainly on two
objectives: solving deficiencies and enhancing capabilities.
ICTs are valuable tools to solve problems considered as basic group problems,
and also as instruments to ensure inclusion in cultural, artistic, sporting and
leisure environments.
eInclusion is a social movement whose goal is to eliminate the digital divide; i.e.
the separation between people using Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT) as a routine part of their daily lives and those who have no
access to them and who, even if they did have access, would not know how to
use them.

answered the question, 52% have developed some type of digital eInclusion
programme.
Note that when performing the analysis by region, we found that none of the
African cities that responded to the question had developed a programme. In
the case of Latin America, the figure rises slightly, as 25% of the cities had
developed a programme. This contrasts with Europe, a region where the vast
majority of cities (85%), has implemented a programme. Taipei has also
implemented digital inclusion programmes.
%ofcitiesthathaveimplementeddigitalinclusionprogrammes,byregion
HasyourCityCouncilimplementedadigitalinclusionprogrammeforgroups
atriskofexclusion?
100%
100%
90%
No
12cities
48%
80%
83%
70%
60%
50%
40%
Yes
13cities
52%
30%
20%
10%
0%
25%
0%
Africa
LatinAmerica
Asia
Europe
127
3.SmartIndicators
3.6SmartLiving
Digital Literacy Plan of the Barcelona City Council:

Barcelona
Approved in 2010, it was created as a tool for improving

competitiveness and labour inclusion. The Plan seeks to
define a strategy for global digital literacy and training for the
entire city of Barcelona for the 20102015 period. It aims to
coordinate actions that directly depend on the structure of
the local government, as well as actions performed by other
agents, whether public or private.
MexicoCity
The "Actions for Inclusion and Equality in Education"

Programme: The idea is to install community centres in the
160 microregions identified that have the highest number of
illiterate people in Mexico City. At the end of the 2011 fiscal
year, 200 centres would be in operation.
Regarding the installation of these community centres,
priority will be given to the microregions identified as having
high illiteracy levels and other areas inhabited by persons
with disabilities (hearing, visual, intellectual, movement,
emotional), Indians (all Mexican indigenous groups), people
living in the streets, vulnerable families, children and
adolescents at risk or economically active, etc.
http://w144.bcn.cat/cibernarium
Malm
Specific programs and initiatives in low social economic areas

in the city.
City page www.malmo.se is designed from a high interactive
and intuitive perspective ex. for older people with low IT
experience.
Helsinki
There are over 700 computers for the use of citizens in the
public libraries and different service units of the Social
Services Department. There are IT courses for the elderly and
other groups at risk of exclusion.
128
3.SmartIndicators
3.6SmartLiving
Tapei
1. Computer Donations
Underprivileged:
and
Subsidies
for
the
The Taipei City Government joined hands with Microsoft

Taiwan Corp., Acer, Symantec, Trend Micro etc. to help the
financially underprivileged obtain computers. For the year
2010, the private sector helped subsidize 600 households in
computer purchases. They also helped lowincome
households obtain ADSL access at a discount, and offered
complete sets of software, training and certification
package courses.
2. Free Internet Training for Citizens:
Lessons including training for beginners, email, blogging,
image processing etc.
http://english.taipei.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1102305&ctNode=
8516&mp=100002
Bilbao
The Social Action, Equality, Cooperation and Citizenship

Departments and the Bilbao Ekintza Municipal Agency have
worked in recent years to develop digital literacy
programmes for groups at risk of exclusion.
Many courses are geared to beginner levels in computer use
(Windows and Word) and to the most advanced computing
skills (internet, email and blogs) as well as to the
computerization of Curriculum Vitae and other measures to
support access to employment through New Technologies.
In Bilbao there are also several KZGUNEA centres, where new
courses on eGovernment are offered to teach the users,
among other things, how to apply for a standard inhabitant
registration slip, access jobs, track official gazettes, process
documents with the Provincial Treasury Department or obtain
traffic information.
http://www.kzgunea.net
129
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SMARTCITIESSTUDY:

The rapid development of new technologies and of innovation processes has

This study gives us an overview of the current situation of cities in different

Retaining and attracting talent and promoting creativity

The economy (Smart Economy) refers to cities with "smart" industries,

Penetration of ICT use in businesses

Support for entrepreneurship

In addition to having welleducated citizens and a university with a major

New technologies contribute to improving people's education and training and,

New technologies are evolving at breakneck speed; therefore, it is important to

Lifelong education is becoming an increasingly important element in new

Strategic plans to promote eGovernment and ICT

Regarding the percentage of public employees using computers and connected

Promoting ICT and Innovation

eHealth provides citizens with considerable advantages in terms of

Local Authorities are aware that in recent decades the development of

The Second World Summit on the Information Society

Commitment by Local Authorities to implement a Local Digital Agenda in their Territories

The commitments made a local and regional levels[1]:

The Committee of Digital and Knowledgebased Cities of UCLG

The Committee's thematic areas:

The committee's fields of work:

1. Dissemination of the Local Digital Agenda model, whose momentum has

The relationship between knowledge, innovation and competitiveness is

In this context, the Digital Local Agenda represents a strategic tool to

Concept of a smart and innovative city

Characteristics and factors of a Smart City

Education and training.

This analysis is based on a number of monitoring indicators that allow us to know

We must mention the wideranging participation in the study of cities from

Cities participating in the study

Upto20.000i nha bi ta nts

From20.001to100.000i nha bi ta nts

From100.001to1Mi l l i oni nha bi ta nts

Moretha n1Mi l li oni nha bi ta nts

Retaining and attracting talent and promoting creativity.

Internationalisation of the city

Regarding the percentage of companies that have an Internet connection, the

%companies %companies %companies %companies %companies %companies %companies %companies

Local Development Agencies are dependent on the municipalities and are

Of the 19 cities (3 in Africa, 7 in Latin America, 1 in Asia and 8 in Europe) that

Economic Development Agency "Madrid Emprende"

Its function is to design municipal economic development

Local Development Agency of the City of Barcelona

The Upper Silesian Regional Development Agency Co.

Regional Development Agency of Le Havre

Local Economic Development Agency "Bilbao Ekintza"

It heads strategic and supportive developments in Bilbao,

1.Mapping out the medium and longrange policies of economic

Knowledge and skills to facilitate access and continuity in the labour

2. Fostering an optimal business climate for enhanced economic

Opportunities to encourage job creation and the implementation of

Innovation resources, management excellence, social responsibility

Funding formulas for entrepreneurial projects aimed at driving

5.Teaming up with business sectors to hold symposiums and

Studies and publications on socioeconomic development that are

3. Combining the financial resources of Taipei City Government

Development Agency of the Colima City Council:

It is important for cities to focus on the design of forwardlooking and strategic

The strategic lines on which Madrid Emprende bases all its

Below are some of the answers.

2. Accelerating the new economic model

Stable economy, highquality and sustainable basic services,

Fund for the Development of the Software Industry (PROSOFT