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Abstract
The Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin has experienced
multiple periods of activity and the current level of
exploration/exploitation in North Dakota is widespread. The
prevalent drilling practices include single and multi-lateral
horizontal wellbores requiring hydraulic fracture stimulation
to be productive.
Many operators are experimenting with an assembly of
completion and stimulation techniques in order to achieve
economic production. Knowledge and techniques used in
other basins with shale production have been applied with
positive results. This paper describes the methodologies
applied and subsequent production enhancements.
By changing stimulation techniques and methodologies along
with an evolving thought process, economic productivity has
been achieved enabling significant development of the
resource for the operator.
Introduction
The Williston Basin encompasses portions of Montana, North
and South Dakota, and Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada.
The oil-bearing Middle Bakken formation in the Williston
Basin has attained a large degree of visibility in recent years.
The first oil production occurred in the Bakken in 1953, with
the first horizontal Bakken well being completed in September
1987 by Meridian Oil Inc. 1 All wells discussed in this paper
are horizontal completions in several fields in western North
Dakota, particularly the Beaver Lodge (BLMU), Blue Buttes
(BBMU) and Tioga (TMU) areas. A map of these fields is
given in Figure 1.
In North Dakota, the Middle Bakken is an extremely lowpermeability formation, with typical matrix permeabilities in
SPE 108045
SPE 108045
Results
Nine wells examined for the purposes of this study were
stimulated using a crosslinked fluid with ceramic proppant.
One of these wellbores was a dual-lateral design, while the
remaining wellbores were single laterals. All of these fracture
treatments took place between April 2005 and June 2006.
Five wells were examined using the low-viscosity fracturing
design; one of these wells used lightweight ceramic proppant
due to availability, while the remaining wells used sand.
Three of these wellbores were dual-lateral designs. These
treatments took place between July and October 2006.
Two basic job designs have been utilized during this program.
The first used low-concentration sand slugs with sweep stages
between each sand-laden stage. These designs were used
early in the project to determine how the formation would
react to the higher treating rates and low-viscosity fluid. It
was also hoped that the sand slugs would help to achieve
diversion and to allow treatment of larger portions of the
SPE 108045
= g/cm3
= m3
=m
= C
= m3
= kg
= m2
= kPa
SPE 108045
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
SPE 108045
SPE 108045
SPE 108045
150.0
7500
5.000
120.0
6000
4.000
90.0
4500
3.000
60.0
3000
2.000
30.0
1500
1.000
0.0
0
0.0
40.0
80.0
120.0
160.0
200.0
0.000
Time (min)
100.0
10.00
100.0
7500
80.0
8.00
80.0
6000
60.0
6.00
60.0
4500
40.0
4.00
40.0
3000
20.0
2.00
20.0
1500
0.0
0.00
0.0
36.0
72.0
108.0
144.0
Time (min)
180.0
0.0
0
SPE 108045
Number of
Laterals
XL1
XL2
XL3
XL4
XL5
XL6
XL7
XL8
XL9
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
Fluid Pumped
per Lateral
(bbl)
3,700
3,692
5,234
3,102
5,585
6,323
5,714
5,315
2,726
LV1
LV2
LV3
LV4
LV5
1
2
2
2
1
12,994
7,076
8,040
8,517
10,648
Proppant Pumped
per Lateral (lb)
Lateral
Length (ft)
Proppant
Treatment Cost
per Lateral
301,252
306,563
518,460
344,253
516,962
364,980
525,586
514,275
240,318
3109
3158
5034
3648
5639
3768
5392
5266
4640
20/40 LWC
20/40 LWC
20/40 LWC
20/40 LWC
20/40 LWC
20/40 LWC
20/40 LWC
20/40 LWC
20/40 LWC
$328,000
$347,000
$474,000
$293,500
$496,000
$489,000
$518,000
$505,000
$355,000
299,803
215,750
264,806
234,866
259,287
5266
4997.5
4779.5
3903
6100
40/70 white
30/50 LWC
40/70 white
40/70 white
40/70 white
$292,000
$320,500
$150,000
$197,000
$301,000
39
370
184
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