Feasibility Study of Power Supply Upgrading in North West of Java Island

Study on Economic Partnership Projects
in Developing Countries in FY2015
Feasibility Study of power supply upgrading

in North West of Java Island
Final Report
February, 2016
Prepared for:
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Prepared by:
KPMG AZSA LLC
Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd.
Reproduction
prohibited
Contents
Chapter1.
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1
Needs and Background of the Project................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2
Outline of the Project .......................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2.1
Required transmitting capacity ....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2.2
Selection of the method to upgrade the transmission capacity ....................................................... 1-1
1.2.3
Selection of the type of HTLS ........................................................................................................ 1-3
1.2.4
Re-conductoring Work ................................................................................................................... 1-4
1.2.5
Total Project Cost ........................................................................................................................... 1-4
1.3
Content and Result of Economical Evaluation ................................................................................... 1-5
1.4
Content and Result of Financial Evaluation ....................................................................................... 1-6
1.5
Comparison between Reconductoring and New Transmission Line .................................................. 1-6
1.6
Environmental and Social Practicability ............................................................................................. 1-6
1.7
Project Implementation Schedule ....................................................................................................... 1-7
1.8
Advantages of Japanese Enterprises in Technologies ......................................................................... 1-7
1.9
Financing Options for the Project ....................................................................................................... 1-7
1.10
A Concrete Schedule and a Risk of Realization ................................................................................. 1-8
1.11
Project Implementation Map of West Jawa ........................................................................................ 1-8
Chapter2.
Objective of the Study, Content and Methodology ................................................................ 2-1
2.1
Study Objective .................................................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2
Study Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.3
Details of study contents ..................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4
Implementation Schedule of the Study ............................................................................................... 2-5
Chapter3.
3.1
Background of the Study and Review of the Previous Study ................................................ 3-1
Outline of the study area ..................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1
Overall of Indonesian economic situation ...................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2
The economic situation of Java northwestern area ......................................................................... 3-3
3.2
Demand ............................................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.2.1
Demand record ............................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.2.2
Demand forecast ............................................................................................................................. 3-5
3.2.3
Power generation development plan............................................................................................... 3-7
3.2.4
Transmission line projects in RUPTL 2015-2024 .......................................................................... 3-9
3.3
Review of the previous report ........................................................................................................... 3-11
3.3.1
Necessity study in the previous report in 2008............................................................................. 3-11
Chapter4.
System Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1
Conducted survey ............................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2
Analysis condition .............................................................................................................................. 4-1

1
4.2.1
Target year ...................................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2.2
Latest transmission augmentation plans in the northwestern region of Jawa-Bali system ............. 4-3
4.2.3
Demand assumptions ...................................................................................................................... 4-7
4.2.4
Loading conditions of generators ................................................................................................... 4-7
4.2.5
Allowable voltage range ................................................................................................................. 4-9
4.2.6
Transmission line capacity ............................................................................................................. 4-9
4.2.7
Other conditions for the system analyses ....................................................................................... 4-9
4.3
Power flow analyses ......................................................................................................................... 4-10
4.3.1
Result of power flow analyses under the normal (N-0) conditions before reconductoring .......... 4-10
4.3.2
Result of power flow analyses under the N-1 conditions ............................................................. 4-11
4.3.3
Necessary capacity of reconductored transmission lines.............................................................. 4-13
4.4
Fault current analyses ....................................................................................................................... 4-13
4.4.1
Conditions for the fault current analyses ...................................................................................... 4-13
4.4.2
Result of fault current analysis ..................................................................................................... 4-13
4.4.3
Overview of the rsult of fault current analysis ............................................................................. 4-16
4.5
Measures against fault current problems .......................................................................................... 4-17
4.6
Stability analyses .............................................................................................................................. 4-29
4.7
Recommendations............................................................................................................................. 4-35
Chapter5.
Technical Feasibility of the Project ......................................................................................... 5-1
5.1
Scope of the Project ............................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.2
Transmission Line Project .................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.2.1
Selection of the Method to Upgrade the Transmission Capacity.................................................... 5-1
5.2.2
Selection of the Type of HTLS ....................................................................................................... 5-6
5.2.3
Evaluation of transmission losses ................................................................................................. 5-11
5.2.4
Re-conductoring Work to HTLS .................................................................................................. 5-12
5.2.5
Re-conductoring Costs ................................................................................................................. 5-19
5.2.6
Construction Schedule .................................................................................................................. 5-20
5.2.7
Points to be Considered for Stringing Work ................................................................................. 5-21
5.3
Substation Project ............................................................................................................................. 5-25
5.3.1
Overview of Existing 500 kV Substations.................................................................................... 5-25
5.3.2
Adaptation and Replacement Works for Substation Equipment ................................................... 5-34
5.3.3
Substation Project Costs ............................................................................................................... 5-36
5.4
Total Project Costs ............................................................................................................................ 5-36
Chapter6.
6.1
Environment and Social Practicability ................................................................................... 6-1
Environmental and Social Impact of the Project .................................................................................... 6-1
6.1.1
Social resettlement .......................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.1.2
Electric and Magnetic Field Intensities .......................................................................................... 6-1

2
6.1.3
Corona Noise .................................................................................................................................. 6-2
6.1.4
Radio Noise .................................................................................................................................... 6-2
6.2
Review according to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Guidelines for
Environmental and Social Considerations .......................................................................................................... 6-2

6.2.1
Assessment of Environmental Checklist under JICA Guidelines ................................................... 6-2
6.2.2
Project classification according to JICAs Guidelines .................................................................... 6-8
6.3
Host countrys environmental regulations and standards ................................................................... 6-8
6.3.1
Outline of Environment-Related Laws and Regulations of Host Country ....................................... 6-8
6.3.2
Details of Environmental Impact Assessment of the Host Country required for the Project ....... 6-12
Chapter7.
7.1
Financial and Economic Feasibility ........................................................................................ 7-1
Capital Costs of Project ....................................................................................................................... 7-1
7.1.1
Construction Process and Implementation Period .......................................................................... 7-1
7.1.2
Capital Costs and Assumptions ...................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2
Economic Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 7-4
7.2.1
General Approach and Methodology .............................................................................................. 7-4
7.2.2
Economic Benefit ........................................................................................................................... 7-5
7.2.3
Economic Cost................................................................................................................................ 7-6
7.2.4
Project Life and Operation Period ................................................................................................... 7-7
7.2.5
Result of economic evaluation ........................................................................................................ 7-7
7.2.6
Sensitivity analysis of economic results ....................................................................................... 7-10
7.3
Financial Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 7-11
7.3.1
General Approach and Methodology ............................................................................................ 7-11
7.3.2
Financial Benefit .......................................................................................................................... 7-11
7.3.3
Financial Cost ............................................................................................................................... 7-13
7.3.4
Project Life and Operation Period ................................................................................................. 7-14
7.3.5
Results of Financial Evaluation .................................................................................................... 7-14
7.3.6
Sensitivity Analysis from a Financial Standpoint.......................................................................... 7-16
7.4
Conclusion of Financial and Economic Analysis ............................................................................... 7-16
7.4.1
Economic Analysis........................................................................................................................ 7-16
7.4.2
Financial Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 7-16
7.4.3
Comparison between reconductoring and new transmission line ................................................. 7-16
Chapter8.
Project Implementation Schedule ........................................................................................... 8-1
8.1
Entire Schedule ................................................................................................................................... 8-1
8.2
The schedule to the EPC agreement ................................................................................................... 8-1
8.3
Construction schedule ......................................................................................................................... 8-1
Chapter9.
9.1
Advantages of Japanese Enterprises in Technologies and Financing Options for the Project9-1
Comprehensive Advantage of Japanese Enterprises in Technologies ................................................. 9-1

3
9.1.1
International Competition and Possibility to obtain this Contract by Japanese Entities ................ 9-1
9.1.2
Possible Materials Supplied from Japan and their Relevant Cost .................................................. 9-1
9.1.3
Necessary Countermeasure to Promote securing of the Contract by Japanese Entities ................. 9-1
9.2
Financing Options for the Project ....................................................................................................... 9-2
9.2.1
Overview of Transmission Line Financing in other countries ........................................................ 9-2
9.2.2
Overview of Financing in the Indonesian Power Sector ................................................................ 9-2
9.2.3
Overview of Financing at PLN....................................................................................................... 9-7
9.2.4
Use of Japanese ODA Loan Requirements in the Proposed Project............................................... 9-7
9.2.5
Implementation Capability of Relevant Agencies of Indonesia ..................................................... 9-8
9.2.6
Evaluation of Implementation Capability of the Relevant Agencies of Indonesia ....................... 9-11
9.2.7
PLNs Financial Conditions ......................................................................................................... 9-13
9.2.8
Current Situation for the Japanese ODA Loan ............................................................................. 9-15
9.2.9
Implementation Plan for Japanese ODA Loan ............................................................................. 9-17
(Appendix)
Workshop
A list of abbreviations
Abbreviation
Official name
AC
Alternate Current
ACSR
Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
BT
Bus Tie
cct
circuit
CB
Circuit Breaker
CFCC
Carbon Fiber Composite Cables
COD
Commercial Operation Date
CT
Current Transformer
DC
Direct Current
DIY
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Special Region of Yogyakarta )
DS
Disconnecting Switch
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS
Environmental Impact Statement
EMoP
Environmental Monitoring Plan
EMP
Environmental Management Plan
EPC
Engineering, Procurement and Construction
F/S
Feasibility Study
FTP II
Fast Track Program II
GCB
Gas Circuit Breaker
GIS
Gas Insulated Switchgear
GPS
Global Positioning System
GTACSR
HTC
Gap type Thermal-resistant Aluminum alloy Conductors, Steel

Reinforced
High Temperature Conductor
HTLS(C)
High Temperature Low Sag Conductor
HVDC
High Voltage Direct Current
ICNIRP
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
IEE
Initial Environmental Examination
IPP
Independent Power Producer
JICA
Japan International Cooperation Agency
LAA
Land Acquisition Act
LAP
Land Acquisition Plan
MVA
Mega Voltage Ampere
MW
Megawatt
NGO
Non-Governmental Organizations
ODA
Official Development Assistance
O&M
Operation and Maintenance

5
P3B-JB
PB
Penyalurandan Pusat Pengatur Beban Jawa-Bali (Java-Bali

Transmission and Load Dispatching Center )
Project Brief
PQ
Prequalification
PLN
Perusahaan Listrik Negara Persoro
PLTA
Pusat Listric Tenga Air (Hydro Power Plant)
PLTG
Pusat Listric Tenga Gas (Gas Power Plant)
PLTGU
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas & Uap (Combined Cycle Power Plant)
PLTMG
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mesin Gas (Gas Engine Power Plant)
PLTP
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (Geothermal Power Plant)
PLTU
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (Steam Power Plant)
PSS
Power System Stabilizer
PSS/E
Power System Simulator for Engineering
RJBR
REGION JAWA BARAT
RJKB
REGION JAKARTA & BANTEN
RJTD
REGION JAWA TENGAH & DIY
ROW
Right Of Way
RUKN
Rencana Umum Ketenagalistrikan Nasional (General National Power

Plan)
SNI
Standar Nasional Indonesia (Standard of Indonesia)
SR
Shunt Reactor
SRB
Sub Region Bali
S/S
Substation
SVC
Static Var Compensators
TACFR
Thermal-resistant Aluminum alloy Cable, Fiber Reinforced
TACSR
Thermal-resistant ACSR
TAL
Thermal-resistant Aluminum alloy wires
T/L
Transmission Line
TR
Transformer
UTACSR
Ultra Thermal-resistant ACSR
WB
World Bank
XTACIR/AC
XTAL
ZTACIR/AC
ZTAL
Extra Thermal-resistant Aluminum alloy Conductor, Aluminum-Clad

Invar Reinforced
Extra Thermal-resistant Aluminum alloy wire
Super Thermal-resistant Aluminum alloy Conductor, Aluminum-Clad
Invar Reinforced
Super Thermal-resistant Aluminum alloy wire
Chapter1. Summary
1.1 Needs and Background of the Project
The power system on the Java Island of Indonesia is connected with the one of Bali Island, and is integrally
operated as Jawa-Bali power system. The maximum power demand of Jawa-Bali power system in 2014 was
33,321MW, which was equivalent to 72 % of the entire power demand in Indonesia including Sumatra Island and
others. And as for the transmission lines in Java-Bali power system, there are 150kV transmission lines which
covers most of the region together with 500kV transmission lines on two circuits running from west to east of Java
area.
PLN plans substantial power supply in West Java with its policy aiming to reduce pressure against transmission
system and prioritizing power supply closer to the region near the demand centre, Jakarta. Nevertheless, in West
Java, it is difficult to transmit power generated from newly constructed power plants to Jakarta due to lack of
capacity of existing transmission lines. In this background, PLN has planned new transmission lines in West Java.
But a number of challenges are anticipated, namely difficult land acquisition due to highly populated area,
increase in construction cost, longer construction period, limited financing and risk allocation.
With such objectives, background and review of the previous study result (Study on Upgrading Transmission
Capacity of Existing 500kV Lines in West Java, Indonesia in March 2008), and the Indonesian governments plan
of new power generation, transmission and distribution, this study evaluates and proposes feasibility of upgrading
the facilities of the existing 500kV transmission lines between Suralaya (Lama) power stations in Banten region
and Gandul substations in West Java region and the equipments of related substations (Project) in the following
manner.
1.2 Outline of the Project

1.2.1 Required transmitting capacity
The Survey Team deemed that reconductoring of the 500 kV transmission line from Suralaya (Lama) through
Balaraja to Gandul will be necessary. Necessary capacity of reconductored transmission line was 3,443MVA
(3,976A) per circuit from the results of power flow analyses jointly conducted by P3B-JB and the Survey Team
within a restricted time frame. However, this capacity was derived from the result under the conditions in 2020,
and could be short-sighted. Although the Survey Team was not able to obtain data to evidence the future necessary
capacity of the to-be-reconductored transmission line, they deemed that the preferable capacity should be as large
as rationally achievable considering generation development in western Jawa region in future. According to PLN,
the expected capacity was 4,680 MVA after reconductoring.
1.2.2 Selection of the method to upgrade the transmission capacity

From the results of the system analysis in 2020 conducted in the Study, the transmission capacity more than
987 amperes per conductor in the Previous Study is found to be necessary. Therefore methods to upgrade as much
capacity as possible are considered in this section. However the upgrading method by constructing a new
1-1
transmission route is excluded because acquiring the lands and right-of-ways for a new transmission line is
extremely difficult in Indonesia.
The following several methods to upgrade the transmission capacity are candidates for the Project.
(1)
Upgrading by using conventional ACSR
(2)
Adoption of HTC (High Temperature Conductor)
(3)
Adoption of HTLS (High Temperature Low Sag Conductor)
Each method and the result of study are described as follows.
(1)
This method enables the transmission capacity to increase by increasing the number of conductors per phase, or
replacing the existing conductors with larger ones, in the case of using conventional ACSR. If the existing
conductors are replaced by both methods, it goes without saying that the components of the towers such as the
main posts and the foundations do not have enough strength to support the loads due to the increased weight and
wind pressure. Consequently, reconstruction of the existing towers is not avoidable, and this method is not
appropriate for the Project because the Project cost and period will be increased.
(2)
HTC such as TACSR (Thermal resistant AACSR) and UTACSR (Ultra Thermal resistant AACSR) has higher
allowable temperature than conventional ACSR, and therefore has greater current capacity. On the other hand,
conductors with higher temperature have larger sag and cannot probably keep the clearances between conductors
and objects. Reducing the span length is a solution to keeping the same sag at the maximum allowable
temperature. The span length can be reduced by installing a new tower between each span. This method enables
the transmission capacity to increase under keeping the required ground clearance. However, due to installation of
many new towers, the Project cost and period will be increased. In this method, new towers have to be installed at
all the mid-spans. Therefore, this is not appropriate for the Project.
(3)
HTLS has as high allowable temperature as HTC, and also has lower sag than HTC. Generally, the characteristic
is realized by using a material with the low co-efficient of linear expansion value as the core. This method enables
the transmission capacity to increase under keeping the required ground clearance.
The merits in this method are as follows.
Modifications to existing towers, such as reinforcements or reconstruction, are not necessary.
HTLS has twice as much current carrying capacity as the existing conductor.
Only re-conductoring enables the transmission lines to be upgraded, and it leads to the shorter
implementation period of the Project.
No additional lands are acquired, and there are few environmental and social impacts.
From the above-mentioned, this method is the most appropriate for the Project.
1-2
1.2.3 Selection of the type of HTLS

Although there are several types of HTLS, the required design conditions for up-rating conductors are as
follows.
Not to exceed the sag of the existing conductor, 21.70 m at the 500 m span.
Not to exceed the maximum tension (23,025 N) of the existing conductor.
Not to exceed the weight (1,140 kg/km) and the diameter (23.53 mm) of the existing conductor.
The following conductors are selected as candidate from the viewpoints of the above.
Thermal-resistant Aluminum Alloy Cable, Fiber Reinforced (TACFR)
Super Thermal-resistant Aluminum Alloy Conductor, Aluminum-clad Invar Reinforced (ZTACIR/AC)
Extra Thermal-resistant Aluminum Alloy Conductor, Aluminum-clad Invar Reinforced (XTACIR/AC)
(1)
Outline of conductors
Thermal-resistant Aluminum Alloy Cable, Fiber Reinforced (TACFR)
The conductor is up-rated by the use of thermal-resistant aluminum alloy wire (TAL) which has the continuous
allowable temperature up to 150C. The sag is lowered by the use of carbon fiber composite cable (CFCC) with
the low co-efficient of linear expansion value.
Super Thermal-resistant Aluminum Alloy Conductor, Aluminum-clad Invar Reinforced (ZTACIR/AC)
To increase the current carrying capacity, super thermal-resistant aluminum alloy wire (so-called ZTAL),
which can utilize up-to 210C continuously, is used. And to restrain the sag to increase, Invar core wire, whose
co-efficient of linear expansion value is smaller, is adopted to satisfy the requirement.
Extra Thermal-resistant Aluminum Alloy Conductor, Aluminum-clad Invar Reinforced (XTACIR/AC)
To increase the current carrying capacity, extra thermal-resistant aluminum alloy wire (so-called XTAL),
which can utilize up-to 230C continuously, is used. And to restrain the sag to increase, Invar core wire, whose
co-efficient of linear expansion value is smaller, is adopted to satisfy the requirement.
(2)
Evaluation
XTACIR/AC 230mm2 has the most current carrying capacity of the candidates for the new conductor, and is
recommended for the Project. The capacity is approximately 2.4 times as much as that of the existing conductor.
(3)
Transmission loss
In the case of flowing the same current, the losses of XTACIR/AC 230mm2 are about 1.3 times as much as those
of the existing conductor because the AC resistance of XTACIR/AC 230mm2 is about 1.3 times as high as those of
the existing conductor.
1-3
1.2.4 Re-conductoring Work

(1)
Conductors replacement methods
There are two kinds of conductors replacement methods, the tension stringing method and the cradle block
method. Each method is described as follows.
Conventional tension stringing method (in the general location)
This method is conducted by connecting the up-rating conductors to the existing conductors, and then by pulling
out the existing conductors to replace to the up-rating conductors. To implement this method the construction
workers will have to be cautious with the obstacles in the line crossings by setting up the sufficient scaffold on top
of the obstacles to avoid contact with replaced conductors. But as a merit, this method can be paid out all 4
conductors simultaneously and therefore the time of construction will be minimized.
Cradle block stringing method (for urban housing area or important line crossing)
For the urban housing area or important line crossing, the location to set up the scaffold will be very difficult to
obtain. Therefore the construction will be conducted by means of so-called cradle block system method. The
cradle block system is a method to distribute twin rollers in 20 to 30 meters intervals in the relevant span, to hang
upper roller on the existing conductor and to replace the up-rating conductor by means of the roller installed
underneath. By using this method, the sag of this conductor will be restrained by the existing conductors therefore
even if there are urban housing area or important line crossing it is not necessary to set-up any scaffoldings to pay
out the up-rating conductors. However for his method the construction speed will be slower since the each
individual conductor can be re-conducted one by one.
(2)
Recommended sections suitable for Cradle Block Method
As a result of the site survey, it is found that this method has to be adopted in the densely populated areas near
Gandul SS, and also at many main roads, express way, railway or other transmission line crossings. This method
will be applied to 36% of the total length of the lines.
(3)
Construction Period
If the re-conductoring is conducted by conventional tension stringing method, paying out of 4 conductors can be
simultaneously carried out. So, the progress of about 8 km/month/circuit per crew is anticipated On the other hand,
if cradle block system is adopted, since this method needs to pay out conductor one by one, the progress of only 4
km/month/circuit per crew can be expected. Either method is selected by the situation along the transmission line.
If four crews are adopted, the construction period excluding a design and product manufacture is estimated to
about 10 months.
1.2.5 Total Project Cost

The total project cost is composed of the construction cost of the transmission lines and substations, the
consulting cost and the administration cost etc. The total project cost is shown in Table 1-1.
1-4
Table 1-1 Total Project Cost

UnitUS$ Mil
Component
Cost
Construction cost of transmission

line
83.60
Construction cost of substation
24.20
Contingency
10.78
Consulting cost
5.39
Administration cost
10.78
Total
134.75
The following items are not included in total Project cost.
EIA implementation cost
Public official approval cost and license acquisition cost
Tax
Price escalation
1.3 Content and Result of Economical Evaluation

In this economic analysis, the "With and Without Principle" is applied, and the case where the proposed project
(re-conductoring of transmission lines and substation remodelling) is implemented (With) and the case where an
alternative plan (new construction of transmission lines and substations) is implemented (Without) are compared.
As shown in Table 1-2 below, EIRR of this project is calculated at 12.58%, and it exceeds 10%, the assumed
discount rate (opportunity cost of capital) of Indonesia, it can be concluded that this project is feasible from an
economic standpoint. And also, the B/C ratio is calculated at 1.028, and it exceeds 1.0. So it can be concluded that
this project is feasible from an economic standpoint.
Sensitivity analysis where the economic cost increases by 5% and where the economic benefit deceases by 5%
are 8.03% and 8.10% respectively.
Table 1-2
Results of Ccost-Effectiveness Evaluation
EIRR (%)
B/C Ratio
B-C (1000 US$)
12.58%
1.028
3,205
1-5
1.4 Content and Result of Financial Evaluation

As shown in Table 1-3, the Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR) of this project was calculated at 14.31%, it
is slightly higher than the market interest rate of ordinary commercial banks in the Indonesian financial market
(12.0%), allowing us to conclude that this project is financially feasible.
Table 1-3 Results of Financial Evaluation

FIRR (%)
NPV (US$1000)
14.31%
45,359
Sensitivity analysis where the economic cost increases by 5% and where the economic benefit deceases by 5%
are 13.53% and 13.57% respectively, they are slightly higher than the market interest rate, allowing us to conclude
that this project is financially feasible.
1.5 Comparison between Reconductoring and New Transmission Line

Due to the substaibive power supply in West Java, the existing transmission lines are ecpected to be overloaded.
For the capacity of the steady supply, the increase of the capacity of the transmission is a immideate theme.
Between the proposed reconductoring and the alternative project for a new transmission line, the reconductoring
project is more attractive for various reasons.
The proposed reconductoring project does not require land acquisition or right-of-way access as existing
transmission towers are used.
This reduces the social and environmental impact and allows the project to be completed in a shorter
timeline.
Furthermore, reconductoring does not lead to an increase in O&M costs as the number of equipment and
circuits remain the same.
Since the proposed reconductoring project also requires lower capital investments, the reconductoring
project enables the use of higher quality and more advanced conductor technology.
1.6 Environmental and Social Practicability

In case of this project, the planned increase in the capacity of the transmission lines can be achieved simply by
re-conductoring the transmission line using the existing electric power pylons, therefore resettlement of the
residents will not be necessary in principle..
As for the electric field strength, it is reported that the transmission line conductor with the minimum height of
15 m above the ground has the values a little more than 5 kV/m, and that the actual conductor height above the
ground, 16 m or so, has the electric fiel
d strength of 4.9 kV/m.
The transmission line voltage and the height of the replaced conductors will be the same as those of the existing
line. Therefore the predicted electric field strength will also be same as that in the Previous Report, and be less
than 5 kV/m.
1-6
Corona Noise level and radio noise level would not be much changed after the re-conductoring.
Therefore, there will be no new physical objects to adversely affect the environment.
1.7 Project Implementation Schedule

Taking into consideration the commissioning in 2019, the followings represent the Project schedule from the
conclusion of Japanese Soft Loan Agreement to the operation of the target facilities.
Pre-Construction Period
Selection of Consultant and Conclusion of Consultant Contract
6 months
Preparation of EPC Tender Documents
6 months
Preparation of Bids
3.5 months
Evaluation of Bids, Selection of EPC Contactors, Conclusion of contracts
8 months
Totalincluding duplication
18 months
Construction Period
Re-conductoring of Suralaya Gandul line
17 months
Replacement of substation facilities
18 months
Totalincluding duplication
18 months
Gland Total
36 months
1.8 Advantages of Japanese Enterprises in Technologies

Invar type of conductor, XTACIR/AC, was invented and developed in Japan, and three Japanese manufacturers
have produced the conductor. The extra thermal-resistant aluminum alloy wire (so-called XTAL) requires
manufacturing know-how, which cannot be easily imitated. At present, there seem to be no manufacturers of the
wire in countries other than Japan, and therefore the Japanese manufactures have high possibilities to win the
order.
The replacement works, Cradle Block Method, was developed in Japan, where the conductor erection works
have been frequently conducted in densely populated areas. Therefore Japanese contractors have extensive
experiences and international competitiveness in the method.
1.9 Financing Options for the Project

As part of the Governments effort to resolve key issues hampering the acceleration of infrastructure
development. Committee for the Acceleration of Priority Infrastructure Development (Komite Percepatan
Penyediaan Infrastruktur Prioritas / KPPIP) was established under Presidential Regulation Number 75 of 2014,
dated 17 July 2014, regarding the acceleration of priority infrastructure development..
In the transmission sector, PLN raises financing for transmission lines through various means such as
government loans, domestically syndicated commercial loans and bond issues.
1-7
In a summit meeting held between Mr Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan and Mr Joko Widodo, President of
the Republic of Indonesia on 23 March 2015 in Japan, both leaders expressed strong commitment to expand
bilateral trade and investment cooperation. In the meeting, both leaders also concurred in launching PROMOSI:
Japan-Indonesia Investment and Export Promotion Initiative. Under the PQI, Japan will streamline the ODA loan
procedures from around 3 years to 1.5 years and also to allow ODA loans to be extended to sub-sovereign entities.
At present, there is no official request for the Japanese ODA Loan in this project. However, together with the
preceding Central West Java transmission line project, which PLN and JICA have been developing and appraising,
it is expected to put in the process as PLN is positively considering to take up this project which further
strengthens power transmission capacity. Application for Japanese ODA Loan will be filed according to the
subsequent process of the request for the Japanese ODA Loan by the Government of Indonesia.
1.10
A Concrete Schedule and a Risk of Realization
New generators connected with the power system cause increase of fault current. Some measure(s) have to be
prepared since the fault current level in Jawa-Bali power system will exceed the existing equipment rating in the
near future by connecting generators including Jawa 5 and Jawa 7. One of measures against the fault current
increase is to upgrade the fault current level from 50 kA to 63 kA. This fault current level upgrading, which takes
many years in general, might have a dampening effect on new power plant constructions.
1.11
Project Implementation Map of West Jawa
The project is to upgrade the transmission capacity by re-conductoring the existing 500 kV transmission lines
with 111 km length from Suralaya Power Plat in Banten province to Gandul substation in West Java province. The
Project implementation map is shown in Figure 1-1.
1-8
Figure 1-1 Project implementation map
1-9
Chapter2. Objective of the Study, Content and Methodology

2.1 Study Objective
There are transmission facilities in Java-Bali region in Indonesia, such as main two routes of 500kV running
from east to west of Java and 150kV covering entire region. However, imbalance of supply and demand in the
grid zone has become more imminent. In other words, 60% of demand is in West Java, where Jakarta City lies,
whereas power generation facilities are almost evenly distributed across east to west (about 900km) in Java. In
such environment, power is transmitted from east to west.
PLN plans substantial power supply in West Java with its policy aiming to reduce pressure against transmission
system and prioritizing power supply closer to the region near the demand centre, Jakarta.
Nevertheless, in West Java, it is difficult to transmit power generated from newly constructed power plants to
Jakarta due to lack of capacity of existing transmission lines. This undermines stable power supply in the future.
In this background, PLN has planned new transmission lines in West Java. But a number of challenges are
anticipated, namely difficult land acquisition due to highly populated area, increase in construction cost, longer
construction period, limited financing and risk allocation.
With such objectives, background and review of the previous study result (Study on Upgrading Transmission
Capacity of Existing 500kV Lines in West Java, Indonesia in March 2008), Indonesian governments plan of new
power generation, transmission and distribution, this study evaluates and proposes feasibility of facilities of
transmission and substation (replacement and new construction) in the following manner.
2.2 Study Contents

A)
Objective of this feasibility study
This assessed feasibility of upgrading of transmission lines, in line with major new power generation
construction plan (Java 5, Java 7 and Lontar etc.) in North West part in Java Island (PLNs power supply
construction general plan / RUPTL 2015-2024). More specifically, we studied 500kV transmission lines including
Suralaya-Gandul line that the previous study focused.
2-1
Banten province, North West of Java Island
Assumption
Construction of respective power plants (including transmission line construction which connects with the
neighboring power system
Upgrading construction of transmission capacity (line replacement) and replacement of equipments of

substations, which are required for connection with respective power plants
However, construction which addresses against increased fault occurrence is outside the scope.
Objective of this
feasibility study
New
power
plants
Transmission line for
grid connection
Existing
lines
transmission
Existing
substatio
ns
Existing transmission lines

This requires capacity increase to
support
New connection of power plants
line replacement
substation replacement
2-2
Existing
transmission
lines
Existing
substatio
ns
B)
Assessment of necessity of equipment upgrade based on power distribution system analysis
In cooperation with PLN, conduct analysis and evaluate necessity of facility upgrading, based on RUPTL
2015-2024.
Analysis of power flow, stability and fault occurrence.
C)
Examination of construction process required
Analysed construction of conductors replacement and substation replacement through the result of the previous
report. Specifically, based on the previous study, collect samples in minimum level in case conducting site visits to
existing power facilities.
D)
Economic, financial analysis and environmental and social assessment
Based on the result of technical evaluation, we conducted, economic and financial analysis and propose
financing measures.
In environment and social aspects, reviewed changes in regulations that have been made since the previous
study.
2.3 Details of study contents

Confirmation of project background
Review RUPTL 2015-2024 by comparing the result of the then RUPTL in the previous study (2008) in
terms of power demand, power supply development, geographical distribution of demand/supply and
transmission upgrading plan.
Review of the power distribution system analysis conducted in the previous study
We reviewed the results of the previous study from the view point of comparing in terms of power
demand, power supply development, geographical distribution of demand/supply and transmission
upgrading plan.
Rationale of equipment expansion based on the power system analysis
We analysed based on PSS/E data. And we interviewed PLN and so on during the field works, and
confirmed whether there were the similar studies which had done or not, and the difference of recognition.
Fault occurrence analysis and identification of counter measures
We analysed based on PSS/E data. And we interviewed PLN and so on during the field works, and
confirmed whether there were the similar studies which had done or not, and the difference of recognition.
Assessment of upgrading the transmission capacity
After reviewing the previous report, evaluated update of existing transmission line conductors size,
ground clearance etc.existing substationsdevices installed etc. and power flow status.
2-3
Economic and financial analysis

We analysed economic and financial feasibility considering the results of the above and the previous
report.
Confirmation of environmental and social issues
We conducted documentary searching and the field works including the interviews to the related
person and ministries.
Evaluation of Japanese companies technical competitiveness and proposition and Outlook of project
financing
We conducted documentary searching and interviewed the Japanese companies, financial institutes,
and related ministries in the partners country such as Ministry of Finance, PLN and P3B JB.
And, our study team was consisted of the below,

Company name
KPMG AZSA LLC
Role
Overall coordination, Implementation coordination, support to
reporting of the study result
TOKYO ELECTRIC POWER

SERVICES CO., LTD.
KPMG ASPAC Infrastructure
Group
*
Power system analysis*, Technical coordination, transmission line

assessment, cost estimation, Substation assessment, cost estimation
Economic and financial analysis, Environment and social
consideration , Outlook of project financing etc,
A part of power system analysis was done by TOKYO ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY, INCORPORATED
2-4
2.4 Implementation Schedule of the Study

The study period is as follows.
August 31, 2015 (contract date) - 29 February 2016
Figure 2-1 shows the schedule of this survey. Also 1st, 2nd and 3rd of the field survey schedule as well as an
outline of the local reporting event are shown in Figure 2-1 and from Table 2-1 to Table 2-4.
Figure 2-1 Implementing Schedule

Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Feb
Work in Japan
Work in Japan
The second field work

(Nov 814
Jan
The
third
field
work(Nov1521
Briefing session
(Feb 10)
Submission of
report
2-5
Table 2-1
Outline of the first field work
Date
Contents
Sep 6, 2015 (Sun)
Transfer to Djakarta from Tokyo
Sep 7, 2015(Mon)
Interviews
PT.PLN (Directorate of Finance, Directorate of Planning)
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
PT.PLN(System Planning)
Japanese Embassy interview
Sep 8, 2015(Tue)
Ministry of Finance (Directorate General of Financing and Risk
management,
Directorate of Government Guarantee) interview

Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs
interview
P3B-JB interview and Power system analysis

4
Sep 9, 2015(Wed)
Ministry of Environment interview

Ministry of Finance(Fiscal Policy Agency)
interview
PT Indonesia Infrastructure Guarantee Fund
interview
Ministry of National Development Planning
interview
JICA Indonesia
interview
A part of study team return to Japan form Djakarta.

5
Sep 10, 2015(Thu)
P3B-JB (System Planning) Power system analysis

Multfab interview
PLN(Corporate Finance, Foreign Loan and ODA) interview
A part of study team return to Japan or Singapore form Djakarta.
Sep 11,2015(Fri)
P3B-JB (System Planning) Power system analysis

Transfer from Djakarta
Sep 12, 2015(Sat)
Transfer to Tokyo
Table 2-2
The Outline of the Second Field Work
Date
Contents
Nov 8, 2015(Sun)
Transfer from Tokyo to Djakarta
Nov 9, 2015(Mon)
Power system analysis in P3B-JB
-Nov 11,2015(Wed)
Nov 12, 2015(Thu)
Preparation for the wrap-up meeting of the power system analysis

Asia development bank interview
Nov 13, 2015(Fri)
the wrap-up meeting of the power system analysis and the additional study in P3B-JB
Nov 14,2015(Sat)
Return to Tokyo
Table 2-3
The outline of the third field work
Date
Contents
Nov 15, 2015(Sun)
Nov 16, 2015(Mon)
Kick-off meeting in the P3B-JB office
2-6
the inspection of Gandul substation and transmission line

3
Nov 17, 2015(Tue)
the inspection of Gandul substation and transmission line
Nov 18, 2015(Wed)
the inspection of Balaraja substation and transmission line
Nov 19, 2015(Thu)
the inspection of Suralaya substation and transmission line

PLN (Corporate Finance) interview
JICA interview
KfW interview
PLN(Environment) interview
the wrap-up meeting of the power system analysis and the transmission lines in
Nov 20, 2015(Fri)
P3B-JB
the interviews for the construction companies
In the Indonesia
PLN System Planning interview
7
Nov 21, 2015(Sat)
Return to Tokyo
Table 2-4
The outline of the Briefing session
Date
Contents
Feb 9, 2015(Tue)
Feb 10, 2015(Wed)
The Briefing session in Workshop*

Feb 11, 2015(Thu)
Return to Tokyo
*see (Appendix) Workshop
2-7
Chapter3.
Background of the Study and Review of the Previous

Study
3.1 Outline of the study area

In Indonesia, there are 33 provinces including DKI JAKARTA, DI YOGYAKARTA etc.. This study area is
particularly DKI JAKARTA and BANTEN in Java northwest. After looking the bird's-eye view of the economic
situation in Indonesia, we explain about outline of the Java northwest.
*
Range
of the above table indicates the provinces of Java island and Jakarta Capital Territory State (table above 31.DKI
JAKARTA) and BANTEN (table above 36.BANTEN) are located in the northwestern part of Java Island.
3.1.1 Overall of Indonesian economic situation

According to IMF, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2009, the real GDP growth rate in Indonesia
recovered in 2010, but it has decreased gradually through 2015. Economic growth of Indonesia had been
supported by robust consumer spending and stable exchange rates. The decrease of the real GCP growth rate was
caused from the policy interest rates raised due to increase of the current-account deficit and the expansion of
inflationary pressures.
However, in the IMF's forecast, the growth rate after 2015 will be in the range from 5% to 6%, the stable
economic growth is expected.
Figure 3-1 shows the trends of the real GDP growth rate and its estimate, 2005
2020 by IMF.
3-1
Figure 3-1: Real GDP growth rate

8.0%
7.0%
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
Gross domestic product,

constant prices
3.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.0%
(Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2015)
Estimated value
Figure 3-2 shows the trends of nominal GDP and the government gross debt. The government gross debt is not
large elongation relative to the growth of nominal GDP. The ratio of government gross debt vs. the GDP decreased
from about 87% in 2000 to about 24% in 2010. Also, in the prediction of 2020 by IMF, the ratio is expected to be
flat.
Figure 3-2GDP at Current Market Prices General and Government Gross Debt, the ratio of
Government Gross Debt vs. GDP (Billion Rupiahs, %)
Rp25,000,000
100%
90%
Rp20,000,000
80%
70%
Rp15,000,000
Rp10,000,000
60%
Gross domestic product, current

prices
50%
General government gross debt
40%
30%
Rp5,000,000
General government gross debt

(Percent of GDP)
20%
10%
Rp0
0%
2000
2005
2010
2015*
2020*
Estimated value
Also, from the transition of the fiscal balance, the total amount of government revenue and the total of
government expenditure have been increasing year after year. The fiscal balance has become some of the negative
in recent years.
3-2
Figure 3-3General Government Revenue, General Government Expenditure and General government
primary net lending/borrowing (Billion Rupiahs)
Rp4,000,000
Rp3,500,000
Rp3,000,000
Rp2,500,000
General government revenue
Rp2,000,000
Rp1,500,000
General government total

expenditure
Rp1,000,000
General government net

lending/borrowing
Rp500,000
Rp0
(Rp500,000)
(Rp1,000,000)
2000
2005
2010
2015*
2020*
Estimated value
In addition, as a feature of Indonesia's fiscal spending, a percentage of the financial expenditure of government
energy subsidies is as large as about 30%. Though this energy subsidy is devoted to compensation of the fuel and
electricity prices, the Indonesian government is committed to the subsidy reform and efforts to reduce it.
3.1.2 The economic situation of Java northwestern area

Population in Java is approximately 140 million people in the estimate of fiscal 2015, it has accounted for about
57 percent of the entire Indonesia. And the population of both DKI Jakarta and BANTEN province located in Java
northwest is approximately 15% of the population in Java in total. According to the IMF forecast, while a large
increase in the West Java Province is expected, the populations in DKI Jakarta and BANTEN province are going
to gradually increase.
3-3
Figure 3-4Population of Indonesia by Province 2000-2035 (Thousand)

60,000
50,000
40,000
Banten
DKI Jakarta
Jawa Barat
30,000
Jawa Tengah
DI Yogyakarta
20,000
Jawa Timur
10,000
2000
2010
(Source: BPS STATISTIK INDONESIA)
2015*
2020*
2025*
2030*
2035*
Estimated value
In addition, the total of real GDP in Java occupies about 60% of it in Indonesia entire. The trends of the GDP
growth rate in Java have been similar to the movement of the rate of the entire Indonesia, it has achieved strong
economic growth at about 5-6%. Total of both DKI Jakarta and BANTEN province has become a about less than
40%. Absolute figures of GDP become larger in the order of DKI Jakarta, Jawa Timur (East Java) and Jawa
Barathas (West Java).
Figure 3-5Gross Regional Domestic Product at 2000 Constant Market Prices by Provinces in Java Island,
2000 - 2013 (Billion Rupiahs)
Rp1,800,000
7.0%
Jawa Timur
Rp1,600,000
6.0%
Rp1,400,000
DI Yogyakarta
5.0%
Jawa Tengah
Rp1,000,000
4.0%
Jawa Barat
Rp800,000
3.0%
Rp1,200,000
DKI Jakarta
Banten
Rp600,000
2.0%
Rp400,000
1.0%
Rp200,000
Rp-
0.0%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
(Source: BPS STATISTIK INDONESIA)
3-4
GDP growth rate

Java Island
3.2 Demand
3.2.1 Demand record
The power system on the Java Island of Indonesia is connected with the one of Bali Island, and is integrally
operated as Jawa-Bali power system. The maximum power demand of Jawa-Bali power system in 2014 was
33,321MW, which was equivalent to 72 % of the entire power demand in Indonesia including Sumatra Island and
others. Electricity sales of 2014 in the power system were approximately 150TWhs, which were equivalent to
18% of the total electricity sales of nine utilities in Japan. Table 3-1 shows electricity sales records by region in
Jawa-Bali power system
Table 3-1 Electricity sales records by region in Jawa-Bali power system

Unit: TWh per Year
Average
Region
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
from 2009 to
2014
Jawa-Bali
Growth rate
Sumatera
Growth rate
Kalimantan
Growth rate
Sulawesi
Growth rate
Maluku,
Papua
&
Nusa
Tenggara
Growth rate
Indonesia
Growth rate
104.1
113.4
120.8
132.1
142.1
149.9
3.3
8.9
6.5
9.3
7.6
5.5
17.6
19.7
21.5
24.2
25.8
27.9
7.2
11.6
9.3
12.6
6.4
8.2
4.7
5.1
5.7
6.4
7.8
9.7
10.3
10.1
12.9
9.6
11.8
4.6
5.1
5.6
6.4
7.3
7.8
8.8
10.7
11
13.7
13.3
7.7
2.2
2.4
2.7
3.1
3.6
4.0
9.7
10.7
13
16.1
13.8
11.4
133.1
145.7
156.3
172.2
185.7
197.3
4.3
9.4
7.3
10.2
7.8
6.3
7.1
9.4
10.5
11.5
12.7
7.8
*) Estimated value
(Source: RUPTL 2015-2024)
The electricity sale growth has been decreasing since 2013. Especially Jawa-Bali system was the worst among
all Indonesia. This was due to the slowdown in the Indonesian economy and electricity tariff raises.
3.2.2 Demand forecast
Figure 3-6 compares some demand forecasts. Minister of Energy and Mineral Resource (MEMR) issued the
General National Power Plan, (RUKN), which was the comprehensive power development plan based on the
national energy policies, then PLN developed the RUPTL in accordance with the RUKN.
3-5
Figure 3-6 Comparison of demand forecasts
The latest RUPTL 2015-2024 revised the demand forecast downward since 2019 from the Draft RUKN
2015-2034.
The demand forecast in the previous report conducted in 2008 was in accordance with the RUPTL 2007. Figure
3-7 compares the demand forecast of Jawa-Bali power system in the RUPTL 2007 and the demand record of the
same power system. There was little difference in the demand with the previous report. Figure 3-7 also shows
demand forecast of Jawa-Bali power system based on the RUPTL 2015-2024.
Figure 3-7 Comparison of the demand forecast with the previous study
(Source: Created by the survey team in accordance with RUPTL 2015-2024 and RUPTL 2007)
3-6
3.2.3 Power generation development plan

Table 3-2 shows the demand forecast and generation development plans of the total Jawa-Bali power system in
the RUPTL 2015-2024. There was enough generation reserve margin till 2024 this RUPTL.
Table 3-2 Demand forecast and generation development plans of the total Jawa-Bali power system in
RUPTL 2015-2024
Unit: MW
Total
available
power
Demand
Demand
and
Supply Balance
Reserve Margin
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
32,757
34,738
37,426
42,172
54,024
55,172
57,306
59,463
62,767
65,550
25,875
27,840
29,993
32,213
34,578
37,103
39,960
43,031
46,376
49,934
6,882
6,898
7,433
9,959
19,446
18,069
17,346
16,432
16,391
15,616
27%
25%
25%
31%
56%
49%
43%
38%
35%
31%
Specific generation development plans are listed in Table 3-3.
3-7
Table 3-3 Generation development plan in the Jawa-Bali power system

Project
Type
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
600
2022
2023
2024
Pembangkit PLN on Going and Committed

Tj. Awar-awar (FTP1)
PLTU
Adipala (FTP1)
PLTU
350
660
Indramayu #4 (FTP2 )
PLTU
1,000
Upper Cisokan PS (FTP2)
PLTA 2
1,040
Peaker Pesanggaran
PLTMG3
200
Sub Total PLN on Going & Committed
860
350
1,915
Pembangkit IPP on Going and Committed

Celukan Bawang
PLTU
Banten
PLTU
Sumsel-8 MT
PLTU
Sumsel-9 MT (PPP)
PLTU
600
Sumsel-10 MT (PPP)
PLTU
600
Cilacap exp
PLTU
Jawa Tengah (PPP)
PLTU
Rajamandala
PLTA
Patuha (FTP2)
PLTP4
Kamojang-5 (FTP2)
PLTP
380
625
1,200
614
1,900
47
110
30
Karaha Bodas (FTP2)
PLTP
Tangkuban Perahu 1 (FTP2)
PLTP
30
110
Ijen (FTP2)
PLTP
Iyang Argopuro (FTP2)
PLTP
Wilis/Ngebel (FTP2)
PLTP
55
55
55
110
55
Cibuni (FTP2)
PLTP
10
Tangkuban Perahu 2 (FTP2)
PLTP
60
Cisolok - Cisukarame (FTP2)
PLTP
Ungaran (FTP2)
PLTP
Wayang Windu 3-4 (FTP2)
PLTP
Dieng (FTP2)
PLTP
Tampomas (FTP2)
PLTP
110
50
55
220
55
55
45
Baturaden (FTP2)
PLTP
110
Guci (FTP2)
PLTP
55
110
Rawa Dano (FTP2)
PLTP
Umbul Telomoyo (FTP2)
PLTP
110
55
Gn. Ciremai (FTP2)
PLTP
110
Gn. Endut (FTP2)
PLTP
40
Sub Total IPP On Going & Committed
1,024
655
47
1,770
3,575
1,040
205
110
450
450
Rencana Tambahan Kapasitas

Jawa-1 (Load Follower )
PLTGU5
1,600
PLTGU
800
PLTGU
Muara Tawar Add-on Blok 2,3,4
PLTGU
Grati Add-on Blok 2
PLTGU
Peaker Muara Karang
PLTGU
Peaker Grati
PLTGU
150
500
300
Peaker Jawa - Bali 1
PLTGU/ MG
PLTGU/ MG
PLTGU/ MG
PLTGU/ MG
Karangkates #4-5
PLTA
Kesamben
PLTA
Jatigede (FTP2)
PLTA
PLTA
Indramayu #5
PLTU
Lontar Exp #4
PLTU
Jawa-1 (FTP2)
PLTU
Jawa-3 (FTP2)
PLTU
Jawa-4 (FTP2)
PLTU
150
400
Matenggeng PS
Jawa-5 (FTP2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
800
650
500
500
300
150
100
37
110
1,000
315
1,000
660
660
2,000
PLTU
2,000
Jawa-6 (FTP2)
PLTU
Jawa-7
PLTU
2,000
Jawa-8
PLTU
1,000
Jawa-9
PLTU
600
Jawa-10
PLTU
Jawa-11
PLTU
Jawa-12
PLTU
Jawa-13
PLTU
Bedugul
PLTP
2,000
660
600
1,000
1,000
2,000
10
Total additional rated power
MW
1,884
1,755
2,897
5,115
13,005
2,162
2,300
2,325
3,560
3,000
Total rated power of generators
MW
35,304
37,439
40,336
45,451
58,224
59,461
61,761
64,086
67,646
70,646
Total net power of power plants
MW
32,757
34,738
37,426
42,172
54,024
55,172
57,306
59,463
62,767
65,550
PLTU : Steam Power Plant

PLTA : Hydro Power Plant
PLTMG : Gas Engine Power Plant
PLTP : Geothermal Power Plant
PLTGU : Combined Cycle Power Plant, which is high efficiency multi generators system mainly fueled by gas.
PLTGU/ MG : PLTGU or PLTMG
FTP2 : Fast Track Program II; Pursuant to President Regulation No.4/2010, PLN was assigned to build coal-fired steam power plants with a total capacity of 10,000 MW.
3-8
3.2.4 Transmission line projects in RUPTL 2015-2024

The following tables list transmission line projects in Jawa-Bali power system in RUPTL 2015-2024.
Table 3-4 Transmission line projects in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta
From
To
Voltage
Conductor type
Bekasi
Tx. Mtawar-Cibinong
500 kV
2 cct, 4xDove 1
12 2016
Cawang Baru (GIS)
Gandul
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
40 2017
Kembangan
Durikosambi (GIS)
500 kV
1 cct, 4xZebra
6 2017
Tx
Durikosambi (GIS)
500 kV
1 cct, 4xZebra
6 2017
Priok
Muaratawar
500 kV
2 cct, 1xCU2500
30 2018
Priok
Muarakarang (GIS)
500 kV
2 cct, 1xCU2500
20 2018
Muarakarang (GIS)
Durikosambi (GIS)
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
30 2018
PLTU Jawa-5
Balaraja
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
60 2021
Kembangan
Length(km)
Total
COD
204
Table 3-5 Transmission line projects in Banten province

From
To
Voltage
Conductor type
length(km)
Bojanegara
Balaraja Baru
500 kV
2 cct. 4xDove
120
2015
Suralaya Baru
Bojanegara
500 kV
2 cct. 4xDove
32
2015
PLTU Banten
Inc 2.(Suralaya Baru- Balaraja)
500 kV
2 cct. HTLSC (4xDove)
40
2016
Lengkong 500 kV
Inc. (Blrja-Gndul)
500 kV
4 cct. 4xDove
2017
Balaraja
Kembangan
500 kV
1 cct. 4xZebra
80
2017
220
2019
60
2019
COD
Bogor X
Tpcut
500 kV DC
2 pole. HVDC OHL
Bogor X
Inc (Clgon-Cibinong)
500 kV
2 cct. 4xDove
Bogor X
Inc (Depok-Tsmya)
500 kV
4 cct. 4xDove
2019
Tpcut
Keteranganapang
500 kV DC
2 pole. HVDC CABLE
80
2019
PLTU Jawa-7
Inc(Suralaya Baru - Balaraja)
500 kV
20
2019
Bojanegara
Balaraja Baru
500 kV
120
2019
Suralaya Baru
Bojanegara
500 kV
32
2019
Balaraja
Gandul
500 kV
92
2019
Suralaya Lama
Balaraja
500 kV
129
2020
Total
1,035
As the abouve Table 3-5, reconductoing the Balaraja-Gandul transmission line is planed in 2019 and
reconducting Suralaya (Lama) -Balaraja transmission line is planned in 2020.
1
2
3
4xDove: Four bundle conductor: Dove is a code word of an ACSR

Inc: the transmission line for interconnection substation or power plant which will be built between the existing transmission lines
OHL: Overhead Line
3-9
Table 3-6 Transmission line projects in West Jawa province

From
To
Voltage
Conductor type
Tambun 500 kV
Inc. (Bkasi-Cibinong)
500 kV
2 cct, 4xDove
2016
Bandung Selatan
Inc. (Tasik-Depok)
500 kV
2 cct, 4xGannet
2016
Delta Mas
Inc. (Cbatu-Cirata)
500 kV
4 cct, 4xGannet
2017
Cikalong
Dbphi. (Tasik-Depok)
500 kV
4 cct, 4xGannet
2017
Cibatu Baru
Inc (Muaratawar-Cibatu)
500 kV
4 cct, 4xGannet
20
2018
PLTGU Jawa-1
Cibatu Baru
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
80
2018
Mandirancan
Bandung Selatan
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
118
2019
Upper
Cisokan
length(km)
COD
Incomer (Cibng-Sglng)
500 kV
2 cct, 4xGannet
30
2019
PLTU Jawa-1
Mandirancan
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
116
2019
Indramayu
Delta Mas
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
260
2019
Suralaya Lama
Suralaya Baru
500 kV
1 cct, 4xZebra
2019
PLTU Jawa-3
Switching S/S Jawa-3 Inc
500 kV
4 cct, 4xZebra
40
2021
Matenggeng PLTA
Inc (Tasik-Rawalo)
500 kV
2 cct, 4xDove
20
2022
Total
704
Table 3-7 Transmission line projects in Central Jawa province

From
To
Voltage
Conductor type
length(km)
Rawalo/Kesugihan
Dbphi (Pedan-Tasik)
500 kV
4 cct, 4xGannet
2015
Rawalo/Kesugihan
PLTU Adipala
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
28
2015
PLTU Cilacap Exp
Adipala
500 kV
2 cct, 4xDove
10
2015
Tanjung Jati B
Tx Ungaran
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
260
2016
Ampel
Inc (Ungaran-Pedan)
500 kV
2 cct, 4xGannet
2017
PLTU Jateng
Pemalang 500 kV
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
40
2019
PLTU Jawa-12 (KBN)
Inc (Muaratawar - Priok)
500 kV
2 cct, 1xCU2500
10
2019
Tx Ungaran
Pemalang
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
63
2020
Pemalang
Indramayu
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
256
2020
Ungaran
Pedan
500 kV
1 cct, 4xZebra
60
2020
Total
COD
733
Table 3-8 Transmission line projects in East Jawa province

From
To
Voltage
Conductor type
Surabaya Selatan
Grati
500 kV
2 cct, 4xGannet
Bangil
Inc. (Paiton-Kediri)
500 kV
2 cct, 4xGannet
Paiton
Watu Dodol
500 kV
2 cct, 4xZebra
Watu Dodol
Segararupek
500 kV
Tandes
Gresik
500 kV
Total
length(km)
COD
160
2015
2017
262
2018
2 cct, ACS 380
2018
2 cct, 4xZebra
24
2018
458
3-10
Table 3-9 Transmission line projects in Bali province

From
To
Voltage
Conductor type
length(km)
Gilimanuk
Antosari
500 kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xZebra
185
2018
Segararupec
Gilimanuk
500 kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xZebra
20
2018
Total
COD
205
3.3 Review of the previous report

3.3.1 Necessity study in the previous report in 2008
The previous study Study on Upgrading Transmission Capacity of Existing 500kV Lines in West Java,
Indonesia was carried out in fiscal year 2007 by Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd (TEPSCO) and
Mitsubishi Corporation. Essential conditions such as the total demand forecast, generation expansion plans and
transmission equipment augmentation plans were based on the RUPTL 2007 for the system analyses, while
demand at each substation and output power from each generator were revised from this RUPTL as the latest
information at that time.
Generation expansion plan in the western region of Java-Bali power system in the RUPTL 2007
The table below shows existing and planned generator capacities in the RUPTL 2007.
Table 3-10 Power development projects in the west Java area

UnitMW
Site
Suralaya
Existing
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012 -16
Capacity at the end

of 2016
3,400
600
4,000
740
740
Teluk Naga
300
600
900
Anyner
300
300
Labuan
600
600
4,140
900
1200
300
6,540
Cilegon
Total
(Source: RUPTL 2007)
The figure below illustrates locations of planned generators noted in the above table.
3-11
Figure 3-8 Locations of new generators planned in the RUPTL 2007
(Source: RUPTL 2007)
Target years for system analyses
As shown in the table above, large scale power development projects were expected to be completed during
2009 and 2010. Thus, system analyses were conducted under the conditions including demand and generation
expansions in 2010 and 2016, which was the time horizon year in the RUPTL 2007.
Revised system configuration in 2016
On the basis of the latest generator connection plans as of then, system analyses were conducted under the
conditions of the revised connection of a new power plant (Bojonegara) as illustrate below.
3-12
Figure 3-9 Revised connection of a new power plant at Bojonegara

Legend
Connection plan in the RUPTL 2007
Revised connection plan
Muara Tawar
Cawang
Kembangan
Bekasi
Bojonegara
Suralaya
Cibinong
Balaraja
Gandul
Depok
Cilegon
(Source: Created by the survey team from Study on Upgrading Transmission Capacity of Existing 500kV Lines in West Java,
Indonesia, 2007, JICA)
Results of power flow analyses
The figure below illustrates power flow diagram in 2010.
A Number in black letter with an arrow means
power flow under the normal (N-0) condition without any outage. Regarding the transmission line between
Suralaya and Balaraja, 2,586MW in black means the total power flow of two circuits under the normal (N-0)
condition without any outage. 2,332MW in red means power flow though the healthy circuit under the N-1
condition with the same section outage. Since load-carrying capacity of the existing transmission line is 1,628MW,
healthy circuit of SuralayaBalaraja transmission line would be overloaded under the N-1 conditions with one
circuit outage of the same transmission line as expressed in the inequality below.
2,332MW>1,628MW
Regarding the transmission line between Balaraja and Gandul, 1,505MW in blue means power flow though the
healthy circuit under the N-1 condition with the same section outage. Healthy circuit of Balaraja-Gandul
transmission line would not be overloaded under the N-1 conditions with one circuit outage of the same
transmission line as expressed in the inequality below.
1505MW<1,628MW
3-13
Figure 3-10 Power flow in West Java Network (2010)

N-Suralaya
139
560
Suralaya
98
Cibinong
Balaraja
880
759
115
661
699
3180
Unit (MW)
319
Transmitting Cap.
(1980A)
1628MW (PF0.95)
421
Kembangan
319
1873 Gandul
(1505)
2586
(2332)
473
917
( ):Contingency of 1circuit
Red : Suralaya-Balaraja
Blue : Balaraja-Gandul
Depok
-219
1135
(1389)
(1398)
Cilegon
Transmitting Cap.
(2472A)
2033MW (PF0.95)
(Source: Study on Upgrading Transmission Capacity of Existing 500kV Lines in West Java, Indonesia, 2007, JICA)
1,654MW in blue means power flow though the healthy circuit between Balaraja and Gandul under the N-1
condition with the same section outage. Healthy circuit of Balaraja-Gandul transmission line would be overloaded
under the N-1 conditions with one circuit outage of the same transmission line as expressed in the inequality
below.
1,654MW>1,628MW
Figure 3-11 Power flow in West Java Network (2016)

N-Suralaya
226
Suralaya
160
529
550
324
Kembangan
Bojonegara
685
2250
Unit (MW)
530
1565
Balaraja 858
901
2387
1459
244
1064
1014
1254
448 Gandul
(1654) 534
Depok 565
( ):contingency of Lengkong
Balaraja-Gandul
1877
1777
Cilegon
1995
DC
354
1420
Parung
3000
539
(Source: Study on Upgrading Transmission Capacity of Existing 500kV Lines in West Java, Indonesia, 2007,
Construction year
It would take about one and half year to reconductor the transmission line. During the relatively long
reconductoring period, generator output would have to be suppressed to some extent at Suralaya power plant.
Considering the supply demand balance in Java-Bali power system, the previous report recommended that the
reconductoring start from 2010, when supply power was expected to be more sufficient than previous years.
3-14
Power flow analyses during the reconductoring work
Suralaya-Balaraja transmission line would be overloaded during the reconductoring work under the same
conditions noted above. To prevent from this overloading, output from Suralaya power plant had to be suppressed
by 1,200MW (from 3,740MW to 2,540MW) in the power flow analyses.
Stability analyses
Stability analyses were conducted under the conditions in 2010 during the reconductoring work. The system was
stable even under these very severe conditions.
Conclusion of the previous report
From the power flow and stability analysis results shown above, the previous report concluded that the
transmission lines between Suralaya and Gandul needed to be reconductored.
Review of the previous report with regard to the system analyses
Suralaya-Balaraja transmission line was expected to be overloaded due to connections of new generators
listed in Table 3-10. Reconductoring of this transmission line should have been implemented earlier than the
connections of those new generators in an ordinary manner. From the results of power flow analyses,
Suralaya coal fueled power plant including a new generator would be forced to suppress its output power
during the reconductoring work. It was unusual for the just expanded power plant to be forced to suppress its
output in general. This previous report recommended this reconductoring be started the implementation in
2010 because additional supply power was expected to be sufficient as of then owing to the Crash
Program.
However, this program did not work well as expected due to the shortage of fund and poor performance of
the coal power plants mainly provided by Chinese manufacturers. The survey team considers in this study
that that situation can be said rather accidental under the circumstance that the transmission lines should have
been upgraded if the new plant started its operation on planned schedule.
Taking those into consideration, the proposal by the former survey team at the previous report in 2008, the
year before the financial service firm Lehman Brothers was filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection,
which recommended the reconductoring of the existing transmission line rather than time-consuming
construction of a new transmission line, was deemed to be proper recommendation under the economic
situation with very tight gap between supply and demand in electricity in the country at the time.
3-15
Chapter4. System Analysis

4.1 Conducted survey
Before the connection of new generators with the power grid or when the augmentation necessity of
transmission facilities is confirmed, the transmission system reliability has to be analyzed. If any problems are
expected to occur through power flow, fault current, and stability analyses, some measures have to be prepared.
System analyses conducted by the Study Team include the following.
Power flow analysis
Fault current analysis
Stability analysis
4.2 Analysis condition

4.2.1 Target year
Table 4-1 lists generation expansion plans which affect loading condition of the transmission line between
Suralaya power plant and Gandul substation.
Table 4-1 Generation expansion plan which affect the loading condition of the transmission line between
Suralaya(Lama) power plant and Gandul substation
Power plant
Connecting point
Rate output power
COD
Banten #1
Banten S/S
660MW
2017
Jawa-9
Banten S/S
600MW
2019
Jawa-5
Tanara S/S
1000MW
2019
1000MW
2020
Jawa-7
Bojonegara S/S
1000MW
2019
1000MW
2020
(Source: Information from P3B-JB)
The following Figure 4-1 illustrates the connecting points of the new generators listed in Table 4-1. From those
connecting points and the year of the connection, the survey team assumed that the second unit of Jawa-5 and the
second unit of Jawa-7 would be a trigger to cause heavy loading of the Suralaya-Gandul transmission line. Thus,
the survey team deemed that this study should be conducted under the conditions in 2020 as the target year.
4-1
Figure 4-1 Generation expansion plan in the north western region of Jawa-Bali grid
4-2
4.2.2 Latest transmission augmentation plans in the northwestern region of Jawa-Bali

system
The latest information of transmission augmentation plans in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta and in
Banten province was provided by PLN.
Table 4-2 Transmission line projects in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta
From
To
Voltage
Conductor type
Length (km)
COD
12
2016
Bekasi
Tx. Muara Tawar-Cibinong
500kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xDove
Kembangan
Durikosambi (GIS)
500kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xZebra
2018
Muarakarang (GIS)
Durikosambi (GIS)
500kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xZebra
30
2018
Priok
Muara Tawar
500kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xZebra
30
2019
Priok
Muarakarang (GIS)
500kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xZebra
20
2019
Cawang Baru (GIS)
Gandul
500kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xZebra
40
2020
Total
138
Table 4-3 Transmission line projects in Banten province

From
Bojanegara
To
Balaraja Baru
5
Voltage
Conductor type
500 kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xDove
Length (km)
COD
120
2016
PLTU Banten
Inc. (Suralaya Baru-Balaraja)
500 kV
2 cct, HTLSC (Existing
40
2016
Suralaya Baru
Bojanegara
500 kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xDove
32
2016
Balaraja
Kembangan
500 kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xZebra
80
2017
Lengkong
Inc. (Balaraja-Gandul)
500 kV
2017
Suralaya(Lama)
Suralaya Baru
500 kV
1 cct, ACSR 4xZebra
2018
Bogor X
Inc. (Depok-Tasikmalaya)
500 kV
4 cct, ACSR 4xDove
2019
Bogor X
Inc. (Cilegon-Cibinong)
500 kV
2 cct, ACSR 4xDove
60
2019
220
2019
Bogor X
Tanjung Pucut / Salira
500kV DC
2 cct, 2 pole, HVDC OHL
Bojanegara
Balaraja Baru
500 kV
120
2019
PLTU Jawa-7
Inc.(Suralaya Baru-Balaraja)
500 kV
20
2019
Suralaya(Lama)
Balaraja
500 kV
129
2019
Tanjung Pucut / Salir
Kaetapang
500kV DC
2 cct, HVDC CABLE
80
2019
Balaraja
Gandul
500 kV
92
2020
Suralaya Baru
Bojanegara
500 kV
32
2020
Total
1,040
As listed in Table 4-3, PLN has plans to reconductor the transmission lines between Suralaya (Lama) and
Balaraja in 2019 and between Balaraja and Gandul in 2020. Those projects might be changed in the next RUPRL
4
4xDove: Four bundle conductor: Dove is a code word of an ACSR

Inc.: the transmission line for interconnection substation or power plant which will be built between the existing transmission
lines
6
OHL: Overhead Line
5
4-3
2016-2025, which will be released soon, the Study Team conducted system analyses under these transmission line
augmentation conditions as the latest ones.
Figure 4-2, Figure 4-3, and Figure 4-4 illustrate transmission augmentation and relevant generation expansion
plans with their CODs.
Figure 4-2 Latest generation expansion and transmission augmentation plans during 2016-2018
(Source: Created by the survey team from information provided by P3B-JB)
4-4
Figure 4-3 Latest generation expansion and transmission augmentation plans in 2019
4-5
Figure 4-4 Latest generation expansion and transmission augmentation plans in 2020
Suralaya Baru
Suralaya (Lama)
Banten
Banten-1 (660MW), 2017
Jawa-9 (600MW), 2019
Reconductoring
Suralaya Baru Bojonegara, 32km,
Bojonegara
Jawa - 7
1000MW, 2019
1000MW, 2020
Balaraja
Kembangan
Reconductoring
Balaraja - Gandul,
129km
Jawa - 5
1000MW, 2019
1000MW, 2020
Lengkongl
Gandul
4-6
4.2.3 Demand assumptions

Jawa-Bali power system can be divided into five demand areas from area I to area V as shown in Figure 4-5.
Figure 4-5 Demand areas of five in Jawa-Bali grid

VI
(Source: RUPTL 2015 and information from P3B-JB)
From the interview with P3B-JB, the recorded peak demand during the daytime had been growing year after
year more than the recorded peak demand during the nighttime in all five demand areas in Jawa-Bali power
system, and P3B-JB projected this trend would continue in future. The peak demand of the area-I during the
daytime was already higher than the peak demand during the nighttime in the said area as of year 2015. According
to P3B-JB, this maximum demand time shift from night to day would occur during 2019 and 2020 in the whole
Jawa-Bali power system.
In general, transmission lines in the generation rich area do not necessarily tend to be heavily loaded under the
maximum demand condition. If generated power from power plants is large in the area-I and demand of the said
area is small, the evacuated power will cause Suralaya(Lama)-Gandul transmission line to be heavily loaded.
Evacuated power from Suralaya Baru and Lama power stations to Gandul substation was larger in the night
peak time than the day peak time since the demand in the night peak time was smaller than the one in the day peak
time. Thus, the survey team assumed that analyses would be conducted under the conditions of night peak demand
in 2020 as a conservative condition.
4.2.4 Loading conditions of generators

The power grid, which consists of transmission lines, transformers, etc., should be constructed so as not to
restrict power plant operations.
The survey team assumed that generators in the northwestern region (Area I) of
Jawa-Bali power system generated at the rated power as a conservative viewpoint. Other generators were assumed
to generate at about 45% of the rated power to balance the supply and demand in the whole Jawa-Bali power
system as shown in Figure 4-6.
4-7
Figure 4-6 Loading conditions of generators in Jawa-Bali power system

SLAYA2
SLAYA
PLTU BANTEN
SLIRA
GU 1x660
MTSUI
IDFERO
ASAHI
CNDRA
ASRI
ASAHI II/
CNGKA
CLGN 2
PLTGU JAWA-1
2 x 800 MW
HVDC
PLTU 2x1.000 MW
CLGON
PRYMA
ASAHI
III
MW
PRETY
PENI
CLGMA
POSCO
TLNGA
TOJNG/
S RANG III
KSTEL SMTR
KIEC
SPTAN
IDKIAT
SRANG
NKOMAS
RWDNO
P
PCADM
CLGON
MILENIUM
SPINMIL
CKUPA
KOPO
LEGOK
GORDA
MENES
SMTRCKNDE
RKBTG
SKETI
GNENDUT
CITRA
TGRSA
KMBNG
PTKNG
BNTRO
IDMYU7
CWANG
LKONG
TMBUN
GNDUL
BSD/
LKONGIII
DPK2
SRPNG
P
CIBNG
CMGISII
ITP
SENTUL
DEPOK
BOGOR X
PLTU LBUAN
BUNAR II BUNAR
CBTBR
CWANG2
CMGIS
U
MTWAR
BKASI
ALMSUTRA
LAUTSTEL
CILEDUG
CURUG
PCADM II
SRANG II
TGRNG
SOETTA
BLRJ A
NBLRJA
PRIOK
MKRNG
DUKSMBI
J TAKE
PKMIS
CKNDE
PLTU LONTAR
U
NTGRNG
CKRNG
CBATU
SCBNG
KDBDK
TJLSNG
BGBRU
BGRKT
KRCAK CIOMAS
SALAK LAMA
MPING
SALAK BARU
CRATA
TAJUR
SGLNG
CIAWI II
CIAWI
CBDKBRII/
CCRUG
CIPANAS
PRATU
BAYAH/CEMINDO
U
SMNJWA
RJMDLA
UBRUG
LBSTU
TSMYA
PLTU PRATU
P
CGRLG
CNJUR
CBDKBR
CSLOK
CSKRME
LEGENDA :
GITET 500 KV EKSISTING
GITET 500 KV BARU
GI 150 KV EKSISTING
PRATU/JMPGKULON
GI 150 KV BARU
GI 150 KV BARU TERKAIT KTT
SURADE
GI 70 KV EKSISTING
Region where generators generated at the rated

power
TNGGEUNG
Region where generators generated at 45% of the rated power
(Source: RUPTL 2015 and information from P3B-JB)
Table 4-4 summarizes the supply demand balance in Jawa-Bali power system for the system analyses as
reference.
4-8
Table 4-4 Supplydemand balance in Jawa-Bali power system for system analyses7
Adjusted power from
generators
Region
(MW), (A)
Demand
Balance (MW),
(MW), (B)
(A) - (B)
RJKB
15,045.6
14,413.0
632.6
II
RJBR
8,030.4
7,309.0
721.4
III
RJTD
5,343.5
4,896.9
446.6
IV
RJTB
4,778.3
6,847.0
-2,068.7
SRB
750.0
1,116.0
-366.0
VI
SMRT
1,230.2
0.0
1,230.2
35,178.0
34,581.9
596.1
TOTALS
(Source: Result of PSS/E power flow analysis provided by P3B-JB)
4.2.5 Allowable voltage range

According to the connection code of P3B, allowable voltage range in 500 kV system is 5% under the normal
(N-0) conditions. Although the connection code did not give a voltage range under N-1 conditions, the survey
team assumed the same range as N-0 conditions for N-1 conditions on a conservative standpoint.
4.2.6 Transmission line capacity

Transmission line capacity was given as the apparent power 8 for the power system planning in P3B-JB.
Overloading 9 of transmission lines were not allowed under N-0 and N-1 conditions for the power system
planning in P3B-JB.
4.2.7 Other conditions for the system analyses

On the basis of the agreement on the conditions for the system analyses with P3B-JB on Nov. 10 during the
second mission, a new 500 kV/150 kV substation which was not listed in the latest RUPTL 2015 -2024 was
assumed to start the operation from 2019. According to B3B-JB, the new substation would be constructed as a
measure against the heavy-loading of Balaraja and Kembangan substations. However, the location of this new
substation had not been decided yet as of then.
Difference between the total supply and total demand means transmission loss (35,178.0MW-34,581.9MW=596.1MW). Since
area I, II, III is supply rich areas, the power flowed will flow from the west to east in this study.
8
The apparent power (S) is defined as a kind of AC power that is computed by multiplying the current (I) by the voltage (V): S
=IxV
Apparent power is measured in the unit of Volt-Amps (VA)
9
If the apparent power is larger than the equipment capacity, the transmission line is overloaded.
4-9
4.3 Power flow analyses

4.3.1 Result of power flow analyses under the normal (N-0) conditions before
reconductoring
The Survey Team conducted a power flow analysis on the night peak demand in 2020 without any outage before
reconductoring. From the result of power flow analysis, the Survey Team found neither overloaded equipment nor
voltage range violations under the N-0 conditions.
Figure 4-7 Result of power flow analysis under N-0 condition

Suralaya
Suralaya #8 =
(Lama)
625.0 MW
~
17017
SLAYA7-2
557.1
28.7
14% I 283.2
11.8
14%283.2
I
11.8
17263
BNTEN7
283.2
9.9
283.2
9.9
18% I 346.8
54.7
18%346.8
I
54.7
25% I
32% I
500.8
78% I
32% I
26% I
700.7
1562.4
20.9
297.3
700.7
20.9
Upper row: Active power (MW)

Lower row: Reactive power (MVar)
Loading ratio which is calculated by current as a
501.0
567.8
21.4
557.1
27.8
567.7
20.4
1547.1
122.7
1547.1
122.7
701.2
27.4
701.2
27.4
501.0
Cilego
Voltage (kV)
17016
SLAYA7
17005
CLGON7
Legend
Suralaya Baru
Suralaya #1-7 =
3400.0
MW
#8
625MA
Banten #1 =
660.0 MW
Jawa 9 =
600.0 MW
Banten
501.1
17301
346.6 BJGRA7
38.7
Jawa 7 =
346.6
2000.0 MW
38.8
1346.7
114.1
Bojonegar
1346.6
114.1
501.2
1000.0
97.4
1000.0
97.4
502.4
17203
CKUPA7
A
15226
BOGORX7-HVDC
1540.5
461.9
Tanara
Bogor X
514.5
17197
LKONG7
8% I
55% I
505.1
172.2 1384.8
19.3 416.8
172.2
19.3 416.8
1390.9
368.2
55% I
8% I
68% I
1390.9
368.2
1935.1 1335.6
223.9 180.3
1935.1 1335.5
223.9 180.3
4-10
502.8
503.4
Lengkong
(Source: Results of the PSS/E power flow analyses)
17011
KMBNG7
1384.8
1006.6
438.0
1006.6
438.0
38% I
~
17302
TNARA7
98% I
38% I
1559.3
1561.8 1931.3
414.0 81% I 393.8 259.3
1559.3
1561.8 1931.3
414.0 81% I 393.8 259.3
Jawa 5 =
2000.0 MW
55% I
55% I
98% I
998.3
98.0
998.3
98.0
72% I
17003
Balaraj
BLRJA7
1533.8
224.2
1533.8
224.2
68% I
78% I
172.2
12.3
172.2
12.3
1004.2
443.0
1004.2
443.0
509.8
Kembang
17010
Gan
GNDUL7
Gandul
509.6
4.3.2 Result of power flow analyses under the N-1 conditions

P3B-JB and the survey team conducted N-1 contingency analyses together to confirm the necessity of
transmission line reconductoring between Suralaya(Lama) and Gandul substations. In this study, power flow
analyses were conducted under the conditions of one circuit outage. Results of the analyses were summarized in
Table 4-5. The loading ratio, which was defined as the ratio of power flow in MVA to Nominal rate in MVA is not
allowed to exceed 100% on the planning stage in PLN.
Table 4-5 Results of N-1 contingency analyses

Outage circuit
Most heavily loaded circuit

among all monitored circuits
Transmission
10
capacity (MVA )
Power Flow
Loading
(MVA)
ratio 11
(A)
(B)
(B)/(A)
Suralaya(Lama)-Balaraja
Suralaya(Lama) Balaraja
1,985
2,079
105%
Balaraja-Cikupa
Balaraja-Cikupa
1,985
3,443
173%
Cikupa-Lengkong
Cikupa-Lengkong
1,985
2,867
144%
Lengkong-Gandul
Lengkong-Gandul
1,985
1,740
88%
From the results of these analyses, one circuit outage caused an overloading of the healthy circuit in the same
transmission line section for Suralaya(Lama) Balaraja, Balaraja Cikupa and Cikupa Lengkong sections.
These results meant that reconductoring of the transmission line between Suralaya(Lama) and Lengkong would be
necessary.
Although the power flow loading ratio through Lengkong Gandul section was less than 100%, the Study Team
conducted a further analysis from a conservative standpoint.
As referred to hereinafter, splitting the grid is very
effective to reduce the fault current. P3B-JB and the survey team conducted an N-1 contingency analysis under
the network condition that the transmission line section between Lengkong and Gandul would be switched off as a
conservative configuration condition for the power flow. . Figure 4-8 shows the power flow analysis result under
the N-1 condition with one circuit outage of Lengkong Gandul section and grid splitting between Kembangan
and Gandul.
As shown in Table 4-6 and Figure 4-8, the healthy circuit between Lengkong and Gandul was overloaded with
103% of loading ratio to its capacity under the conditions with an outage of the same transmission section. Thus,
reconductoring of Lengkong Gandul section was necessary under this condition.
10
11
VA: unit of apparent power, M: Mega, 106

The loading ratio is defined by a quotient of power flow divided by the transmission capacity
4-11
Table 4-6
Results of N-1 contingency analyses with grid splitting between Kembangan and Gandul
Outage circuit
Most heavily loaded circuit

among all monitored circuits
Transmission
Power Flow
Loading
capacity (MVA)
(MVA)
ratio
(A)
Lengkong-Gandul
Lengkong-Gandul
1,985
(B)
2,050
(B)/(A)
12
103%
Figure 4-8 Result of power flow analysis under the one circuit outage of Lengkong Gandul section
Legend
Voltage (kV)
Upper row: Active power (MW)
Lower row: Reactive power (MVar)
Loading ratio which is calculated by current as a
Suralaya
Suralaya Baru
(Lama)
#8
625MA
Kembang
Normally
open
Gandul
A
103% (Overload)
12
P: Active power, Q: Reactive power, S: Apparent power, Apparent power is calculated by the formula:
S=(P2+Q2) =(1903.62+761.52) = 2,050
4-12
4.3.3 Necessary capacity of reconductored transmission lines

The Survey Team deemed that reconductoring of the 500 kV transmission line from Suralaya (Lama) through
Balaraja to Gandul will be necessary as noted above. Necessary capacity of reconductored transmission line was
3,443MVA (3,976A 13) per circuit from the results of power flow analyses jointly conducted by P3B-JB and the
Survey Team within a restricted time frame. However, the reconductored transmission line current carrying
capacity should be larger than the said capacity considering generation development in western Jawa region in
future. Although the Survey Team was not able to obtain data to evidence the future necessary capacity of the
reconductored transmission line, the capacity should be as large as rationally achievable PLN had supposed that
the reconductored capacity was 4,680 MVA (5,404A 14).
4.4 Fault current analyses

4.4.1 Conditions for the fault current analyses
On the basis of the agreement with P3B-JB, the survey team assumed the following conditions for the fault
current analyses.
Calculation methodology: Based on IEC 60909.
AC component of the fault current at 500kV buses around northwestern region of Jawa-Bali power system
was monitored.
Type of the fault: Three phase short circuit 15
Target year: 2020
The highest fault current level at 500kV system at this time: 50kA 16
4.4.2 Result of fault current analysis

Figure 4-9 shows the result of fault current analysis in 2020.
13
Formula: of apparent power S: S(MVA) = 3 500kV(A)

Same formula above
15
Three phase short circuit current is calculated by the formula:
I (pu) = 1/ X (pu)
Fault current I and the impedance from the fault point are expressed in the Per Unit method. The fault current varies in inverse
proportion to the impedance. New transmission line constructions and new generator connection with the grid both decrease the
impedance.
Impedance: The impedance in the alternating-current circuit is the ratio of voltage to current in ohm. This expression can be
deemed to be an extended Ohm's law.
Per Unit method: One of methods to express quantities such as power, current, voltage, and impedance.
1. Define the base capacity,
2. The base current and the base impedance can be calculated, and
3. Power, current, voltage, and impedance are expressed as ratios of the actual values to the base capacities respectively.
16
Estimated maximum fault current which PLN uses on the planning stage.
14
4-13
Figure 4-9 Result of the fault current analysis in 2020

Legend
57244.1, -85.1
Fault current value (A),
angle (deg.)
Suralaya
Fault current
Suralaya Baru
(Lama)
#8
625MA
Banten
Cilego
Bojonegar
Gandul
Balaraj
Kembang
A
Tanara
Bogor X
Lengkong
(Source: Results of the PSS/E fault current analyses)
4-14
Current analysis in 2016 is shown in Figure 4-10 for comparison.
Figure 4-10 Result of the fault current analysis in 2016

Legend
57244.1, -85.1
Suralaya
Suralaya Baru
(Lama)
#8
625MA

angle (deg.)
Fault current
Kembang
Gandul
A
Lengkong
Fault currents at Gandul and Kembangan substations would have been exceeded 50 kA in 2016. Comparing the
results of fault current analyses in 2016 and 2020, Fault currents exceeding 50kA at power plants of Suralaya
(Lama) and Suralaya Baru and substations of Balaraja, Cikupa, Bojonegara, Lengkong and Bogor X would have
been caused by connecting new generators including Jawa 5, Jawa 7, Jawa 9 and Banten.
4-15
4.4.3 Overview of the rsult of fault current analysis
(1) Overview of the rsult of fault current analysis

Substations and power plants where the fault current at the bus exceed 50 kA are listed in Table 4-7.
Table 4-7 Substations and Power plants where the fault current exceeds 50 kA
Substation / Power plant
Fault current
Kembangan
65.7 kA
Balaraja
63.8 kA
Gandul
63.0 kA
Suralaya (Lama)
57.2 kA
Suralaya Baru
56.8 kA
A substation
57.9 kA
Bojonegara
56.0 kA
Lengkong
55.5 kA
Bogor X
53.0 kA
Some measures had to be taken against this increased fault current problem. If the situation is not improved, the
following problems would occur.
System stability relies heavily on the fault clearance function of circuit breakers in the power system. If
circuit breakers fail to break the fault current, it will tend to become hard to maintain the system stability,
consequently the risk of black out will be higher and the affected area will be broader.
If circuit breakers fail to break the fault current, the circuit breakers can be damaged. Since it takes
relatively long time to replace those damaged circuit breakers, power system operators will have to operate
the system under certain restrictions for a certain time period.
4-16
4.5 Measures against fault current problems

Some measure(s) will have to be prepared against the said fault current problems as soon as possible. Candidate
directions or measures to take against the fault current increase problem are listed below.
1. To leave the maximum fault current level as it is (50 kA)

(1) Introduction of current limiting reactors
(2) Grid splitting
2. To upgrade the maximum fault current level to 63 kA

(3) Upgrade to 63 kA and grid splitting
(4) Upgrade to 63 kA, grid splitting, and power system augmentation
(5) Upgrade to 63 kA, grid splitting, and introduction of the high impedance transformer
Each measure is explained in the following.
4-17
1. To leave the maximum fault current level as it is (50 kA)

(1) Introduction of current limiters
On the premise that existing equipment 17 in substations and power plants is used, introduction of current
limiters 18 can be a measure to suppress the fault current during the fault. Due to A current limiting reactor
inserted in series in the grid, the impedance 19 from the fault point is to be increased and consequently the fault
current will be decreased 20. On the other hand, current through the current limiting reactor causes voltage drops of
the grid around the reactor as an adverse effect. If the voltage decreases to less than the allowable range -5%,
consumer facilities can malfunction. Thus, the installation of shunt capacitor banks, which have a function to
increase the voltage, is usually a practical and feasible countermeasure for the voltage drops. In this case, enough
spaces to install the current limiting reactor and the shunt capacitor banks are necessary. The current limiting
reactor can cause another problem called a DC offset of the fault current. The following figure shows an example
of fault current waveform.
Figure 4-11 DC offset of current through a circuit breaker (image)

Fault
14 current
[kA]
12
10
8
Dc component attenuation
6
4
2
0
-2
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
(file zm1.pl4; x- var t) c:X0012A- BEG2A
Fault occurrence
0.25
[s]
0.30
Zero-crossing delay period Current zero-crossing
The circuit breaker can break the current only when the alternating current instantaneous value becomes zero.
The current break is completed in the following sequences.
A protective relay detects the fault.
Contacts of the circuit breaker get apart by an actuator of the circuit breaker. Since arcs in the plasma state exist
between contacts at this moment, the current has not been broken. Then, the gas is compressed in a space called a
puffer in the circuit breaker simultaneously with the contacts actuator.
The puffer naturally blows the compressed gas at the contacts to lower the arc temperature.
When current crosses the zero, the arcs get extinguished.
17
There are two specifications of circuit breakers in substations and power stations, 40kA and 50kA.
500kV current limiting reactors have been introduced at Yanghang substation in Shanghai, China in October 2014.
19
Impedance: The impedance in the alternating-current circuit is the ratio of voltage to current in ohm. This expression can be
deemed to be an extended Ohm's law.
20
The three phase short circuit fault current varies in inverse proportion to the impedance.
18
4-18
If contacts of a circuit breaker physically get apart under the conditions that the current does not become zero,
an arc or arcs will continue to exist between the contacts. After the circuit breaker operation ends and compressed
gas has been used up without extinguishing the arcs, the arcs never can be extinguished by this circuit breaker.
The long lasting fault current would melt the contacts of the circuit breaker and give thermal damage to equipment,
such as disconnector, serially connected with the circuit breaker. If the replacing equipment or parts are imported,
it will take some months. Thus, it can cause long lasting blackout.
Thus this zero-crossing delay period should be short enough to recover from this situation before the circuit
breaker actuation.
The fault current consists of an AC component and a DC component. The DC component exponentially
attenuates with the time constant decided by the power system impedances. This time constant is expressed as the
following formula.
= L/R,
where
L (H21): Inductance from the fault point
R (ohm): Resistance from the fault point
If the time constant is short enough, zero-crossing delay period will be also short enough to recover from the
zero-crossing delay situation before the actuation of a circuit breaker.
The current limiting reactor has its own time constant, which is usually much longer than the one of power
system. If the current limiting reactor is inserted in the power system, time constant of DC component attenuation
will become longer, consequently the risk of DC offset problem will increase. The Survey Team would
recommend that PLN conduct analyses of the DC offset problem if the current limiting reactor is introduced.
21
Henry: unit of inductance
4-19
(2) Grid splitting

On the premise that existing equipment in substations and power plants is used, splitting the grid by switching
off some circuit breakers and suppressing the fault current which comes from all generators into the fault point
can be one of measures against the fault current increase.
There are some patterns to split the grid to reduce the fault current as illustrated below, Figure 4-12, Figure 4-13
and Figure 4-14.
Grid configuration change system splitting
Figure 4-12 Image of a loop configuration of the grid
(Source: Created by the survey team)

From loop to radial
Figure 4-13 Image of a radial configuration
Figure 4-14 Image of independent systems
by splitting the grid
by splitting 22
Splitting
into two
systems
22
Independent system operation in Figure 4-14 is not so common. Since supply and demand have to be balanced in each
independent system, system operation would become less efficient in economic load dispatching.
4-20
Bus split by opening circuit breaker under normal conditions in a substation
Bus splitting under normal conditions can also reduce the fault current. Figure 4-15 illustrates an image of bus
splitting at Gandul substation. Blue filled squares show circuit breakers (CBs) switched on, and void squares show
circuit breakers switched off. Bus-A and Bus-B were split at Gandul substation by switching off some circuit
breakers.
Figure 4-15 Image of bus split at Gandul substation
4-21
Figure 4-16 shows an image of fault current flow under the condition that fault was occurring on one of
Gandul-Lengkong transmission line circuits. Fault current would come from transformer #1 and from Bus B, not
from Bus A. Fault current with bus split would be smaller than the one under the normal bus condition with all
circuit breaker switched on.
Figure 4-16 Image of bus fault current flow under bus split configuration at Gandul substation
4-22
2. To upgrade the maximum fault current level to 63 kA

(3) Upgrade to 63 kA23 and grid splitting
The equipments in substations and power plants which are showed in Table 4-4 should be upgraded. Figure 4-17
shows an example of fault current analysis result to reduce fault currents by opening Kembangan-Gandul
transmission line.
Figure 4-17 Grid configuration change from the loop to the radial by opening Kembangan-Gandul
transmission line
Legend
57244.1, -85.1
Suralaya
Suralaya Baru
(Lama)
#8
625MA

angle (deg.)
Fault current
Kembang
Open
Gandul
A
Comparing Figure 4-9 and Figure 4-17, fault currents at 500 kV buses of Kembangan and Gandul substations
was reduced by opening Kembangan-Gandul transmission line, or splitting the grid. However, fault current at the
500 kV bus of Balaraja substation was still larger than 63kA. To reduce the fault current at the 500 kV bus of
Balaraja substation, bus split operation at Balaraja substation would be effective.
23
80kA is listed as a fault current breaking ability level in the IEC standard. However, the 80kA circuit breaker in 500kV
system has not implemented in the any actual power systems, upgrading to 80kA is not dealt with in this study.
4-23
Busbar split operation at Balaraja substation
Bus A and Bus B of Balaraja substation can be split by switching of some circuit breakers (CBs) as shown in as
illustrated in Figure 4-18. Blue filled squares show circuit breakers switched on, and void squares show circuit
breakers switched off.
Figure 4-18 Busbar split operation at Balaraja substation
4-24
(4) Upgrade to 63 kA, grid splitting, and power system augmentation

To maintain a successful level of system reliability and to reduce the fault current to less than 63kA by splitting
the power grid including the 500kV system, introducing the higher voltage system or HVDC system can be a
measure to take.
Figure 4-19 illustrates a split grid with an additional 1,100kV transmission system to reduce the risk of power
interruption as an example of measures (4).
System A and system B would be mutually interchangeable in
electricity via the 1,100 kV system.
Figure 4-19 Image of higher voltage system introduction to split the lower voltage network
4-25
Another example of (4) is shown in Figure 4-20. Figure 4-20 illustrates a split grid with an additional
HVDC 24to reduce the risk of power interruption.
Figure 4-20 Image of introduction of HVDC
Since the HVDC system controls power (or current in this case) between two AC systems at a constant value, it
will not increase the fault current. There is another splitting measure to adopt a Back to Back station 25.
24
25
HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current, consists of high voltage DC transmission line and AC/DC convertors.
Back to Back station is a kind of DC link system in which the convertor and the invertor is located in the same site.
4-26
(5) Upgrade to 63 kA, grid splitting, and introducing the high impedance transformer
To reduce the fault current to less than 63kA, splitting the power grid and introduction of the higher impedance
transformer can be a measure to take. Higher impedance transformers can reduce the fault current in the same
manner as the fault current limiting reactor. The higher impedance transformer doesnt require extra space.
As noted above, there are some measures against the fault current increase problem, and any of them can be
effective. Table below compares evaluations and problems of the said measures against the fault current increase
problem.
1. Measures to maintain the current fault current level 50kA
Table 4-8 Candidate directions to take against fault current increase problem
Measure
(1/2)
Evaluation
Problems
(1) Current
Suppression of fault current by
Increased time constant of the fault
limiting
increasing the impedance of power
current DC component due to a current
reactor
system. More economical than
limiting reactor inserted in series in the
upgrading of the maximum fault
grid can cause DC offset of the fault
current level. Possible measure in
current. If the circuit breaker cannot break
the short run
the fault current because of the DC offset,
Track records in other country are
this can cause serious damage to facilities

in
found.
the
substation.
Possible
stability
degradation
Land acquisition for shunt capacitor banks
against voltage drop
(2) Grid splitting
On
existing
Grid splitting at many points will worsen
equipment is used as it is, fault
system reliability; consequently risk of
current into the fault point can be
power interruption will increase to a large
suppressed by splitting the power
extent.
the
premise
that
system with least cost or without

any additional cost.
Feasibility studies are necessary. Further

system analyses including system stability
Candidate measures such as a

power system configuration change
from loop to radial or busbar
splitting at substations
4-27
study shall be conducted before the

implementation of the grid splitting.
The survey team notes that more study will be needed to verify the effect of the current limited reactor and to
analyze the related system flows in detail even if either of the above two measures in table 4-8 is adopted. Also,
they are more suitable as one for shorter periods from the view of sustainable control of fault current. The team
concluded that the upgrading fault current level is an imperative and more effective method in the mid-term on the
consideration of the future electricity development plan in this region since the increasing supply of power flow is
probably not able to secure the current system reliability as a result of the system analysis in this study .
Thus, we will introduce the another three measures alternatively in Table 4-9, which proposes the approaches of
upgrading the fault current level up to 63kV.
2. Measures to upgrade the fault current level to 63kA
Table 4-9 Candidate directions to take against fault current increase problem
Measure
Evaluation
Problems
The power interruption risk will
(3) Maximum
fault
Although extra cost will be necessary
current
level
to replace existing equipment, power
and
supply with additional generators in
upgrading
grid splitting
(2/2)
future is expected to be maintained. It
increase
Cost
for
extra
additional
equipment will be necessary.
is preferable in the medium- and

long-term.
Track records in other country
(4) The said (3)and
power
system
augmentation
high
of
impedance
transformers
In addition to the said (3), further
It will be possible to maintain the

same level of current system reliability
(5) The said (3) and

introduction
It is preferable in the long-term.
Same as the said (3)
investment
cost
for
equipment will be necessary.

Same as the said (3)
Fault current can be decreased
on the
same principle as the current limiting

reactor, while extra land acquisition
will not necessary
To upgrade the fault current level, a lot of studies will have to be conducted in general as noted below.
Circuit breakers have to be replaced
Bus structures may have to be reinforced
Transformers may have to be reinforced or even replaced
Additional spacers in bundled conductors of overhead transmission lines may be necessary
Ground wires may have to be reconductered
4-28
extra
4.6 Stability analyses

P3B-JB and the survey team conducted stability analyses together to confirm the power system will be stable
under the conditions noted below.
(1) Conditions for stability analyses
Network configuration and fault locations: The network configuration and fault locations for the stability
analyses are shown in Figure 4-21.
The survey team selected sending ends of transmission lines near generators as possible severe fault
locations.
Fault type: Three phase short circuit
Fault clearance time: 90milisecons after the fault occurrence
Judgment criteria for the stability: If rotor angle oscillations of generators tend to attenuate, the system is
stable.
Figure 4-21 Fault locations for stability analyses

Suralaya
Suralaya Baru
Suralaya #8 =
(Lama)
Suralaya #1-7 =
#8
625MA
3400.0
MW
625.0 MW
~
17017
SLAYA7-2
Banten #1 =
660.0 MW
Jawa 9 =
600.0 MW
Banten
501.1
17301
BJGRA7
346.6
38.7
Jawa 7 =
346.6
2000.0 MW
38.7
1346.6
Bojonegar
114.1
1346.6
114.1
501.2
17203
CKUPA7
A substation
15226
BOGORX7-HVDC
Bogor X
1540.5
461.9
Tanara
514.5
17197
LKONG7
4-29
29% I
172.2
19.3 416.8
1390.9
368.2
1390.9
368.2
502.8
8% I
503.4
23% I
23% I
Lengkong
17011
KMBNG7
1384.8
1006.6
438.0
1006.6
438.0
1000.0
97.4
1000.0
97.4
502.4
55% I
55% I
41% I
38% I
~
17302
TNARA7
41% I
38% I
1559.3
1561.8 1931.3
414.0 34% I 393.8 259.3
1559.3
1561.8 1931.3
414.0 34% I 393.8 259.3
Jawa 5 =
2000.0 MW
1935.1 1335.6
223.9 180.3
1935.1 1335.5
223.9 180.3
998.3
98.0
998.3
98.0
72% I
17003
BLRJA7
1533.8
224.2
1533.8
224.2
29% I
33% I
Kembang
505.1
172.2 1384.8
19.3 416.8
32% I
500.8
8% I
Cilego
17263
BNTEN7
283.2
9.9
283.2
9.9
7% I 346.8
54.7
7%346.8
I
54.7
25% I
33% I
17005
CLGON7
700.7
1562.4
20.9
297.3
700.7
20.9
32% I
26% I
6% I 283.2
11.8
6%283.2
I
11.8
501.0
567.8
21.4
557.1
27.8
567.7
20.4
1547.1
122.7
1547.1
122.7
701.2
27.4
701.2
27.4
501.0
557.1
28.7
17016
SLAYA7
172.2
12.3
172.2
12.3
1004.2
443.0
1004.2
443.0
509.8
17010
GNDUL7
Gandul
509.6
(2) Results of stability analyses

Table 4-10 summarizes the results of stability analyses.
Table 4-10 Results of system analyses

Transmission line
Fault location
Result
Suralaya(Lama)-Balaraja
Suralaya
Stable
Suralaya(Lama)-Cilegon
Suralaya
Stable
Cilegon-BogorX
Cilegon
Stable
Suralaya (Lama)-Suralaya Baru
Suralaya
(Lama)
Stable
Suralaya Baru-Banten
Suralaya Baru
Stable
Banten-Bojonegara
Banten
Stable
Bojonegara-Balaraja
Bojonegara
Stable
Tanara-Balaraja
Tanara
Stable
(Source: Results of the PSS/E stability analyses)
4-30
(Reference) Stability analyses

Rotor angles of generators were shown below as the results of stability analyses.
Figure 4-22 Suralaya(Lama)-Balaraja transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Suralaya end
ROTOR ANGLE
SURALAYA S/S FAULT 90ms
SURALAYA - BALARAJA #1 TRIP
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
15
Time (seconds)
1 - ANGL 11006[SLAYA71-COA 23.000]1 : Suralaya-Balaraja-2

4 - ANGL 11703[JAWA5#1-COA 23.000]1 : Suralaya-Balaraja-2
7 - ANGL 12263[BNTEN71-COA 23.000]1 : Suralaya-Balaraja-2
Figure 4-23 Suralaya(Lama)-Cilegon transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Suralaya end
ROTOR ANGLE
SURALAYA FAULT 90ms
SURALAYA - CILEGON #1 TRIP
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
Time (seconds)
1 - ANGL 11006[SLAYA71-COA 23.000]1 : Suralaya-Cilegon

4 - ANGL 11703[JAWA5#1-COA 23.000]1 : Suralaya-Cilegon
7 - ANGL 12263[BNTEN71-COA 23.000]1 : Suralaya-Cilegon
4-31
15
Figure 4-24 Cilegon-BogorX transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Cilegon end
ROTOR ANGLE
CILEGON FAULT 90ms
CILEGON - BOGORX #1 TRIP
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
15
Time (seconds)
1 - ANGL 11006[SLAYA71-COA 23.000]1 : Cilegon-BogorX

4 - ANGL 11703[JAWA5#1-COA 23.000]1 : Cilegon-BogorX
7 - ANGL 12263[BNTEN71-COA 23.000]1 : Cilegon-BogorX
Figure 4-25 Suralaya (Lama)-Suralaya Baru transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Suralaya (Lama)
ROTOR ANGLE
SURALAYA LAMA FAULT 90ms
SURALAYA LAMA - SURALAYA BARU #1 TRIP
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
Time (seconds)
1 - ANGL 11006[SLAYA71-COA 23.000]1 : SuralayaLama-Baru

4 - ANGL 11703[JAWA5#1-COA 23.000]1 : SuralayaLama-Baru
7 - ANGL 12263[BNTEN71-COA 23.000]1 : SuralayaLama-Baru
4-32
15
Figure 4-26 Suralaya Baru-Banten transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Suralaya Baru end
ROTOR ANGLE
SURALAYA FAULT 90ms
SURALAYA - BANTEN #1 TRIP
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
15
Time (seconds)
1 - ANGL 11006[SLAYA71-COA 23.000]1 : Suralaya-Banten

4 - ANGL 11703[JAWA5#1-COA 23.000]1 : Suralaya-Banten
7 - ANGL 12263[BNTEN71-COA 23.000]1 : Suralaya-Banten
Figure 4-27 Banten-Bojonegara transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Banten end
ROTOR ANGLE
BANTEN FAULT 90ms
BANTEN - BOJONEGARA #1 TRIP
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
Time (seconds)
1 - ANGL 11006[SLAYA71-COA 23.000]1 : Banten-Bojonegara

4 - ANGL 11703[JAWA5#1-COA 23.000]1 : Banten-Bojonegara
7 - ANGL 12263[BNTEN71-COA 23.000]1 : Banten-Bojonegara
4-33
15
Figure 4-28 Bojonegara-Balaraja transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Bojonegara end
ROTOR ANGLE
BOJONEGARA FAULT 90ms
BOJONEGARA - BALARAJA #1 TRIP
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2.5
7.5
10
12.5
15
Time (seconds)
1 - ANGL 11006[SLAYA71-COA 23.000]1 : Bojonegara-Balaraja

4 - ANGL 11703[JAWA5#1-COA 23.000]1 : Bojonegara-Balaraja
7 - ANGL 12263[BNTEN71-COA 23.000]1 : Bojonegara-Balaraja
Figure 4-29 Tanara-Balaraja transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Tanara end
ROTOR ANGLE
TANARA FAULT 90ms
TANARA - BALARAJA #1 TRIP
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
2.5
7.5
10
Time (seconds)
1 - ANGL 11006[SLAYA71-COA 23.000]1 : Tanara-Balaraja

4 - ANGL 11703[JAWA5#1-COA 23.000]1 : Tanara-Balaraja
7 - ANGL 12263[BNTEN71-COA 23.000]1 : Tanara-Balaraja
4-34
12.5
15
4.7 Recommendations
(1) Measures against the fault current increase problem
If the fault current level upgrade to 63kA is adopted as a measure against the fault current increase problem,
PLN should prepare for it as soon as possible.
PLN should also conduct studies on introduction of high impedance transformers in western Jawa power
system. The Survey Team particularly recommends that PLN conduct studies on introduction of high
impedance step-up transformers for new generators connected with western Jawa power system. The high
impedance of the step-up transformers will contribute to suppress fault current increase to some extent
without acquisition of extra land.
Fault current at 150kV system should be also calculated in the planning stage.
One line to ground fault current should be also calculated. To calculate the one line to ground fault current,
zero-phase-sequence impedances in the system should be prepared beforehand.
(2) Activation of PSS

Results of the stability analysis showed that the system was stable. However, it took relatively many cycles for
each generator to attenuate its internal angle oscillation, which is not a preferable status for the power system
operation. This manner of transmission system oscillation can be attenuated by application of properly tuned
power system stabilizers (PSS). According to P3B-JB, PSSs were already implemented in the generator control
systems but not activated because the planning division of P3B-JP did not have most of the existing generator
control blocks. They knew it was impossible to tune the PSS without the actual generator control blocks. Hence,
the survey team recommends that P3B-JB collect generator control blocks from power plants to be ready to tune
PSSs.
4-35
Chapter5. Technical Feasibility of the Project

5.1 Scope of the Project
The scope of the Project is as follows based on the previous chapter.
Upgrading of 500 kV Suralaya Gandul transmission line
Upgrading of three associated 500 kV substations, Suralaya, Balaraja and Gandul
5.2 Transmission Line Project

From the results of the system analysis in 2020 conducted in the Study, the transmission capacity more than 987
amperes per conductor in the Previous Study is found to be necessary. Therefore methods to upgrade as much
capacity as possible are considered in this section.
However the upgrading method by constructing a new transmission route is excluded for the following reasons.
Acquiring the lands and right-of-ways for a new transmission line is extremely difficult from
previous experiences in Indonesia.
Accordingly, the commissioning year will be seriously delayed.
5.2.1 Selection of the Method to Upgrade the Transmission Capacity

Several methods to upgrade the transmission capacity are candidates for the Project.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Each method is explained as follows.
(1) Upgrading by using conventional ACSR

The following methods are considered for upgrading the transmission capacity by using conventional ACSR.
Increasing the number of conductors per phase
Replacing the existing conductors with larger ones
5-1
Each method is described below, assuming that the existing towers will be used without any modifications such
as reinforcements.
Increasing the number of conductors per phase
The conceptual diagram of this method is shown in Figure 5-1.
Figure5-1 Conceptual Diagram of Increasing the Number of Conductors per Phase
(Source: The Study Team)
The existing lines have four-bundled ACSR Dove. If the number of the conductors per phase is increased using
the same conductor, the transmission capacity will be upgraded as shown in Table 5-1.
Table5-1 Changes in Current Carrying Capacity by Increasing the Number of Conductors per Phase
Number of conductors per phase
Current carrying capacity

[Amperes]
2,056
3,084
4,112
In this method the transmission capacity is proportional to the number of the conductors, because the maximum
temperature of the conductor to be added is same as that of the existing one and therefore the capacity of each
conductor is also same. It is necessary to double the number of the conductors per phase in order to double the
transmission capacity. The number will be more than eight in the Project. If eight-bundled conductors are installed
on the existing towers, it goes without saying that the components of the towers such as the main posts and the
foundations do not have enough strength to support the loads due to the increased weight and wind pressure.
Consequently, reconstruction of the existing towers is not avoidable, and this method is not appropriate for the
Project.
5-2
Replacing the existing conductors with larger ones
The conceptual diagram of this method is shown in Figure 5-2.
Figure5-2 Conceptual Diagram of Replacing the Existing Conductors with Larger Ones
The larger conductor can send more transmission capacity. For example, if the existing conductors are
re-conductored with ACSR Falcon which is a larger conventional conductor than the existing ACSR Dove, the
transmission capacity will be upgraded as shown in the next table. ACSR Falcon has 1.67 times as large diameter
and 2.67 times as much weight as the existing one, ACSR Dove. However ACSR Falcon has only 1.84 times as
much capacity as ACSR Dove.
Table5-2 Changes in Capacity by Replacing the Existing Conductors with Larger Ones
Unit
Cross sectional area
of aluminum strands
Overall diameter
Stranded mass
Current capacity
ACSR Dove
mm2
282.1
mm
23.53
kg/km
1,140
Amperes per
ACSR Falcon
(Increasing rate)
514
conductor
805.7
(286%)
39.23
(167%)
3,043
(267%)
945
(184%)
If the existing conductors are replaced with larger ones so as to satisfy the required transmission capacity, it goes
without saying that the components of the towers such as the main posts and the foundations do not have enough
strength to support the loads due to the increased weight and wind pressure. Consequently, reconstruction of the
existing towers is not avoidable, and this method is not appropriate for the Project.
As described above, the two methods, Increasing the number of conductors per phase and Replacing the
existing conductors with larger ones, are found to be inappropriate for the Project.
5-3
(2) Adoption of HTC (High Temperature Conductor)

HTC such as TACSR (Thermal resistant AACSR) and UTACSR (Ultra Thermal resistant AACSR) has higher
allowable temperature than conventional ACSR, and therefore has greater current carrying capacity. On the other
hand, conductors with higher temperature have larger sag and cannot probably keep the clearance values shown in
Table 5-3.
Table5-3 Minimum Clearances between conductor and objects

Objects
Minimum clearances [m]
Open area
12.5
Buildings and bridge
9.0
Tree
9.0
Vehicle road, highway and rail-way
15.0
Playground
18.0
Other transmission line, power line and
8.5
communication line
(Source: The Previous Report)
In the Previous Study, it was reported that the clearances were estimated to be approximately met by ensuring
the same conductor sag as that of the existing one even at the time of reinforcement by re-conductoring. Also in
the Study, the conductor sag is designed in the same way.
When HTC is operated at the maximum allowable temperature, the current capacity will be upgraded, but the
conductor sag will also be increased. As a result, the same conductor sag will not be ensured. Therefore, the
operating conductor temperature has to be limited to keep the same sag as that of the existing conductor and the
expected upgrading cannot be realized.
5-4
Reducing the span length is a solution to keeping the same sag at the maximum allowable temperature. The span
length can be reduced by installing a new tower in each span between the towers. For example, when a tower is
newly installed at the mid-span, the span length will be a half (1/2) and the sag approximately a fourth (1/4). The
conceptual diagram of this method is shown in Figure 5-3.
Figure5-3 Conceptual Diagram of Installation of New Tower at the Mid-Span
Since the new towers are installed within the existing ROW, environmental and social impacts will be mitigated.
However, due to installation of many new towers, the Project cost and period, and also the shutdown period will
be increased. In this method, new towers have to be installed at all the mid-spans. The transmission lines generally
pass through open areas between Suralaya and Balaraja SS, and therefore new towers can be installed at the many
mid-spans between the sections. On the other hand, there are densely populated areas near Gandul SS, and also
many main road, express way or other transmission line crossings in the overall sections. It will be difficult to
install new towers at those mid-spans.
From the above-mentioned, this method is not appropriate for the Project.
(3) Adoption of HTLS (High Temperature Low Sag Conductor)

HTLS has as high allowable temperature as HTC, and also has lower sag than HTC. Generally, the characteristic
is realized by using a material with the low co-efficient of linear expansion value as the core.
The conceptual diagram of this method is shown in the Figure 5-4.
5-5
Figure5-4 Conceptual Diagram of Installation of HTLS
The operating conductor temperature has to be limited to keep the same sag as that of the existing conductor as
aforementioned. Since HTLS has lower sag than HTC, HTLS has more current capacity than HTC.
The merits in this method are as follows.
Modifications to existing towers, such as reinforcements or reconstruction, are not necessary.
HTLS has twice as much current carrying capacity as the existing conductor.
Only re-conductoring enables the transmission lines to be upgraded, and it leads to the shorter
implementation period of the Project.
No additional lands are acquired, and there are few environmental and social impacts.
From the above-mentioned, this method is the most appropriate for the Project.
5.2.2 Selection of the Type of HTLS

Although there are several types of HTLS, the following conductors are selected as candidates from the
viewpoints of upgrading capacity, less loading impact on the existing towers and so on. Finally the best conductor
is selected from those.
(1) Thermal-resistant Aluminum Alloy Cable, Fiber Reinforced (TACFR)
(2) Super Thermal-resistant Aluminum Alloy Conductor, Aluminum-clad Invar Reinforced (ZTACIR/AC)
(3) Extra Thermal-resistant Aluminum Alloy Conductor, Aluminum-clad Invar Reinforced (XTACIR/AC)
Concentric-lay-stranded gap type thermal-resistant aluminum alloy conductors, steel reinforced (GTACSR) was
one of the candidates in the Previous Study, but is excluded from the Project in the Study. In the case of GTACSR,
the maximum conductor tension is greater than that of the existing one and therefore it is necessary to study
further whether the existing tower structures can bear the greater tension or not. However the further study cannot
be conducted because the existing lines are very old and the tower diagrams or design reports no longer exist.
Therefore it is important to select the conductor whose characteristics, such as the mass and the diameter, are
similar to ACSR Dove so that the tensions of the replaced conductors may not exceed those of the existing ones
on the towers.
5-6
(1) Thermal-resistant Aluminum Alloy Cable, Fiber Reinforced (TACFR)

The conductor is up-rated by the use of thermal-resistant aluminum alloy wires (TAL) which has the continuous
allowable temperature up to 150C. The sag is lowered by the use of carbon fiber composite cables (CFCC) with
the low co-efficient of linear expansion value. The TACFR in the Study does not have normal round aluminum
alloy strands, but trapezoidal ones. The proposed TACFR has the cross sectional view as shown in Figure 5-5 and
has the following features.
The co-efficient of linear expansion value of the CFCC is about one tenth (1/10) as low as that of
conventional steel wires in ACSR.
Trapezoidal aluminum alloy strands are used.
The current carrying capacity of the TACFR is approximately twice as much as that of ACSR Dove.
When increasing the current carrying capacity to double, the sag of the replaced up-rating conductor is as
approximately same as that of the existing ACSR used at 75C.
The weight of the CFCC is about one sixth (1/6) as much as that of conventional steel wires, and the overall
weight is lighter than that of conventional ACSR.
The strand configuration of the core cables makes the bending stiffness of the conductor low, and allows it
to be easily handled.
In Indonesia and China, conductors with carbon cores which have the core part made in Japan and the
aluminum part made in foreign countries have been adopted. On the other hand, in Japan, conductors with
carbon cores which have both parts made in own country have been used.
Figure5-5 Cross Sectional View of TACFR
(2) Concentric lay stranded, Super thermal-resistant aluminum alloy conductor, aluminum-clad Invar
reinforced, so-called Invar Type Conductor (ZTACIR/AC)
To increase the current carrying capacity, super thermal-resistant aluminum alloy wire (so-called ZTAL),
which can utilize up-to 210 C continuously, is used. In order to restrain the sag to increase, Invar core wire,
whose co-efficient of linear expansion value is smaller, is adopted to satisfy the requirement. The Invar Type
Conductor has the cross sectional view as shown in Figure 5-6, which is same as the conductor proposed in the
Previous Study, and has the following features.
The construction of ZTACIR/AC is same as that of conventional ACSR conductors. In the core wire part,
5-7
Invar Wire is adopted, and the co-efficient of linear expansion value is smaller. The value of the Invar
wire is about 1/3 of that of the conventional steel wire used in ACSR.
ZTAL is used.
It is possible to increase the current carrying capacity to almost double, compared with ACSR Dove.
When increasing the current carrying capacity to double, the sag of the replaced up-rating conductor is as
ZTACIR/AC made in Japan has been used in China and Japan. The similar products have been
manufactured in Korea, and they have been adopted in Korea, Malaysia, India and China etc.
Figure5-6 Cross Sectional View of ZTACIR/AC
(3) Concentric lay stranded, Extra thermal-resistant aluminum alloy conductor, aluminum-clad Invar reinforced,
which is so-called Invar Type Conductor (XTACIR/AC)
To increase the current carrying capacity, extra thermal-resistant aluminum alloy wire (so-called XTAL),
which can utilize up-to 230 C continuously, is used. In order to restrain the sag to increase, Invar core wire,
whose co-efficient of linear expansion value is smaller, is adopted to satisfy the requirement. The proposed Inver
Type Conductor has the cross sectional view as shown in Figure 5-7 and has the following features.
In the core wire part, Invar Wire is adopted, and the co-efficient of linear expansion value is smaller. The
value of the Invar wire is about 1/3 of that of the conventional steel wire used in ACSR.
Trapezoidal XTAL is used.
The current carrying capacity of the XTACIR/AC is about 2.4 times as much as that of ACSR Dove.
When increasing the current carrying capacity to 2.4 times, the sag of the replaced up-rating conductor is as
Japanese manufactures only can produce XTACIR/AC. They have been installed in China, USA and
Australia as well as Japan.
5-8
Figure5-7 Cross Sectional View of XTACIR/AC
(4) Evaluation
The properties and the calculation results of the sag and the current carrying capacity for each up-rating
conductor are shown in the next tables.
The required design conditions for up-rating conductors in the Study are as follows.
Not to exceed the sag of the existing conductor, 21.70 m at the 500 m span.
Not to exceed the maximum tension (23,025 N) of the existing conductor.
Not to exceed the weight (1,140 kg/km) and the diameter (23.53 mm) of the existing conductor.
Under the required conditions, XTACIR/AC has the most current carrying capacity of the candidates for the new
conductor, and is recommended for the Project. The capacity is approximately 2.4 times as much as that of the
existing conductor. Moreover the conductor needs no special tools for installation.
5-9
Table5-4 Properties of Each Up-Rating Conductor

Existing
Description
Unit
Conductor
(ACSR Dove)
26/3.716 (HAL)
Composition
Nos/mm
Min. breaking load
kN
AL
Cross-Section
St
al Area
mm
Total
TACFR
ZTACIR/AC
XTACIR/AC
315mm2
225mm2
230mm2
10/4.98
(TW-TAL)
34/2.9 (ZTAL)
14/3.5
(TW-XTAL)
10/3.5
6/4.98 (TW-TAL)
7/2.891 (St)
7/2.6 (CFCC)
7/3.55 (IR/AC)
7/3.46 (IR/AC)
101.0
122.6
107.2
97.6
282.1
311.7
224.6
230.9
45.95
37.20
69.29
65.80
328.1
348.9
293.9
296.7
(TW-XTAL)
Nominal Diameter
mm
23.53
22.36
22.30
20.8
Nominal Weight
kg/km
1,140
923.7
1,117
1,105
DC Resistance at 20 C
/km
0.1024
0.0950
0.1224
0.1229
82.0
61.8
83.1
81.8
205.9
155.0
152.0
152.0
19.0
23.0
14.7
15.0
11.5
1.0
3.7
3.7
75
150
210
230
Modulus of
Cond.
Elasticity
Core
Coefficient
Cond.
GPa
-6
Linear
Expansion
x10 /C
Core
Max. Allowable
Temperature
(Source: The Previous Report and the Study Team)
Table5-5 Calculation Results of Sag and Current Carrying Capacity for Each Up-Rating Conductor
Existing
Description
Unit
TACFR
Conductor
Current under the above
XTACIR/AC
225mm2
230mm2
21.70
20.91
21.70
21.66
at 75C
at 150C
at 158C
at 230C
514
1,080
987
1,252
23,025
23,025
22,855
23,025
(ACSR Dove)
Sag in 500 m Span
ZTACIR/AC
315mm2
condition
Max. Tension
5-10
5.2.3 Evaluation of transmission losses

The transmission losses are compared between the existing conductor, ACSR Dove, and the up-rating conductor,
XTACIR/AC 230mm2. It is assumed that Suralaya Gandul line has double circuits, that the maximum current
flow on another one during shutdown of a circuit, and that each circuit has a flow of a half of the value, 2,504
Amperes, in the normal conditions,.
On the other hand, the existing conductor has the maximum current of 2,056 Amperes per phase. For the
purpose of comparison, the losses of the existing conductor are calculated assuming that the same current, 2,504
Amperes per circuit, flow also on the existing conductor.
Since the transmission losses are largely caused by the electrical resistance, the corona loss26 is not taken into
account.
The transmission losses are calculated and shown in Table 5-6. The transmission losses produced in
XTACIR/AC 230mm2 is 1,485.06 kW/km, and is about 1.3 times as much as those of the existing conductor,
ACSR Dove. The increase is due to the greater value of the AC resistance of the conductor.
Table5-6 Transmission Losses

Description
Unit
XTACIR/AC 230mm2
ACSR Dove
Operating Voltage
kV
500
Frequency
Hz
50
Current per Phase
2,504
AC Resistance
/km
kW Loss
(for double circuits)
0.1254
0.1579
kW/km
1,179.40
1,485.06
kW
130,913
164,842
Also, the annual energy lost in the transmission lines is calculated by the product of the transmission losses, the
total hours per year (8,760 hours) and a loss factor, Fr. Here, Fr is calculated from the following Buller-Woodrow
formula, assuming the load factor, f, is 0.7.
Fr = 0.7 x f2 + 0.3 x f = 0.553
The calculated results are shown in the Table 5-7. The annual transmission losses in the re-conductored lines are
about 1.3 times as much as those of the existing lines for the same reason as mentioned above.
26
A corona discharge is an electrical discharge produced by non-uniform electrical fields around a pointed electrode. When it
rains, the corona frequently occurs at the conductor surface in high-voltage transmission lines, and also causes power loss.
5-11
Table5-7 Annual Transmission Losses

Description
Unit
kWh Loss
kWh/km
(for double circuits)
kWh
ACSR Dove
XTACIR/AC 230mm2
5,713,344
7,194,046
634,181,184
798,539,106
5.2.4 Re-conductoring Work to HTLS

There are two kinds of conductors replacement methods, the tension stringing method and the cradle block
method. The former method needs countermeasures against great sags of the conductors during re-conductoring,
such as installation of bamboo scaffoldings over main roads and so on. The latter method, which can prevent the
conductor sags during re-conductoring, is adopted in densely populated areas, because there are many road
crossings and so on and installation of many scaffoldings takes much work. The cradle block method is frequently
used in Japan, where there are many densely populated areas.
In the following subsections, the conductors replacement methods are introduced, then the current situations
around the existing transmission line routes are described, and finally the proper replacement method in each
section is selected.
(1) Conductors replacement methods
Tension Stringing Method
The sufficient scaffolding shall be installed by means of bamboo etc. before the commencement of the
conventional paying out works. In the tension tower, all jumper conductors shall be dismantled and both sides of
conductors shall be connected by means of suitable connection wires. Putting the existing conductor on the
stringing roller, all conductors shall be pulled off. Installing the counter weight at the tail of the existing conductor
to avoid the rotation of conductor during paying out and connecting the replaced conductor afterwards, the
replacement works shall be carried out.
Or replacement of conductor after changing the existing conductor to the pulling wire first may also be realistic.
In both cases, four-bundled conductors can be replaced simultaneously, and therefore the construction speed is
usually fast.
Cradle Block Method
In the urban crowded housing area or at the important obstacles crossing, where the installation of the
scaffolding seems difficult, so-called Cradle Block Method may be applicable which install twin small rollers in
each span intervals of about 20 to 30 meters on the existing ACSR and to pull out the bottom replaced conductor.
If this method is adopted, the sag during the installation can be bound by means of the anchored ACSR. So even
though there are some obstacles such as houses underneath the line, paying out works can be held without
constructing any scaffolding. However in case of 4 bundled conductors, each conductor shall be replaced one by
one, so the installation speed becomes slow.
The outline of Cradle Block Method is described in Table 5-8.
5-12
Table5-8 A stringing method by means of cradle block system

No.
Major Procedure
Major Work Step
Before Commencement
Initial Condition
Existing Conductor
Distribute
cradle
blocks
and
pulling/connection rope by means of

motor car etc.
Distribution of Cradle Blocks
At that time, cradle blocks shall be

hung
down
on
the
About 20-30m
Existing
Existing Conductor
existing
Motor Car
Nylon Rope
conductor.
Nylon Rope
Cradle Block
To avoid any induced current,

so-called Kevlar Rope may be
suitable to adopt.
3
At the tail of the pulling wire,

connect the replaced conductor and
paying
out
works
shall
be
Pull New Conductor by Nylon Rope
Nylon Rope
Existing Conductor
commenced.
Existing
To avoid rotation, some suitable

unti-twisting counter weight may be
Drum
New Conductor
Nylon Rope
New
Cradle Block
Counter Weight
applicable.
Winch
Finish the paying out works.
Completion of New Conductors paying out

Nylon Rope
Existing Conductor
Drum
New Conductor
Existing
Nylon Rope
New
Cradle Block
Winch
5-13
No.
Major Procedure
Major Work Step
Releasing the tension of the

existing conductor, change the sag
location between the existing and
Change Sag between Existing and New Conductor

Nylon Rope
Existing Conductor
replaced conductor.
Existing
Nylon Rope
New Conductor
New
Cradle Block
Hanging the cradle blocks on the

replaced conductor, connecting the
anchored rope at the tail of the
Collection of existing Conductor
existing conductor to be collected
Nylon Rope
Existing
New Conductor
up.
Drum
New
Nylon Rope
Cradle Block
Existing Conductor
Winch
At the tail of the anchord tope,

installing
a braking
instrument,
collect up the rope together with
Collection of Nylon Rope and Block
cradle blocks.
Brake Instrument
Nylon Rope
New Conductor
New
Nylon Rope
Cradle Block
Winch
Fish the replacement
Completion of Paying-out
New Conductor
The tension stringing method and the cradle block method are compared as shown in Table 5-9.
5-14
Table5-9 Comparison between Tension Stringing Method and Cradle Block Method
5-15
(2) Selection of replacement method
Tension stringing method
The tension stringing method is used for open areas with few residents or no important crossings. After the site
survey, it is found that the existing lines generally pass through open areas. Therefore, this method can be used for
many route sections, excluding the densely populated areas near Gandul SS, and also many main roads, express
way, railway or other transmission line crossings.
Figure5-8 Route Sections Suitable for Tension Stringing Method
Cradle block method
The cradle block method is used for densely populated areas or important crossings. After the site survey, it is
found that this method has to be adopted in the densely populated areas near Gandul SS, and also at many main
roads, express way, railway or other transmission line crossings.
Figure5-9 Route Sections Suitable for Cradle Block Method
5-16
* Cradle Block Method may be used in other places such as existing T/L, highway, main road and railroad crossing.
Figure5-10 Mapped Route Sections Suitable for Cradle Block Met

(Source: Map in the Previous Report, modified by the Study Team)
5-17
The following table shows that there are densely populated areas or important crossings such as railways or
express ways in the stringing sections according to the site survey. Since it is difficult to install scaffoldings in
these areas or points, these sections are suitable for the cradle block method.
Table5-10 Recommended Stringing Sections Suitable for Cradle Block Method

Line Route
Stringing Section
Line Length
(km)
Crossing
(Reasons to adopt cradle system)
No.21-No.22
0.4
Other T/L crossing
No.32-No.38
3.0
Highway, railway, other T/L crossing
No.54-No.58
2.4
Factory
No.69-No.70
0.5
Other T/L crossing
No.107-No.111
2.5
Other T/L crossing
Line I
No.133-No.138
3.1
Populated area, other T/L crossing
(North)
No.139-No.143
2.7
Factory
No.151-No.156
2.4
Other T/L crossing
No.184-No.185
0.5
Other T/L crossing
No.192-Gandul SS
Other sections
Sub Total
Line II
(South)
17.3
5.0
39.8

Main roads with much traffic
No.20-No.21
0.4
Other T/L crossing
No.31-No.37
3.0
Highway, railway, other T/L crossing
No.53-No.57
2.4
Factory
No.68-No.69
0.4
Other T/L crossing
No.106-No.110
2.5
Other T/L crossing
No.132-No.137
3.1
No.138-No.142
2.6
Factory
No.150-No.155
2.4
Other T/L crossing
No.183-No.184
0.6
Other T/L crossing
No.191-Gandul SS
Other sections
Sub Total
Total
17.6
5.0

Main roads with much traffic
40.0
79.8
5-18
Finally, the route lengths suitable for the tension stringing or the cradle block method are shown in the Table
5-11.
Table5-11 Route Length by Each Replacement Method (Unit: km)

Line Route
Line I
Line II
Method
Suralaya -
Balaraja -
Balaraja
Gandul
Sub Total
Tension Stringing
53.2
17.8
71.0
Cradle Block
8.8
31.0
39.8
Tension Stringing
52.9
18.2
71.1
Cradle Block
8.7
31.3
40.0
Total
110.8
111.1
5.2.5 Re-conductoring Costs

The quantities of materials for the re-conductoring work are shown in Table 5-12.
Table5-12 Quantities of Materials for Re-Conductoring Work

Line
Route
Conductor
Suspension
Tension
Jumper
Spacer
Armour
Mid-span
Repair
Clamp
Clamp
Spacer
damper
Rods
Joint
Sleeve
Line I
1,400 km
2,192
680
246
4,671
2,192
700
75
Line II
1,400 km
2,155
806
293
4,675
2,155
700
75
Total
2,800 km
4,347
1,486
539
9,346
4,347
1,400
150
The re-conductoring unit costs for erection work are estimated as follows.
Tension stringing method
523,200,000 IDR/km
Cradle block method
443,200,000 IDR/km
Based on the above, as a result of estimated construction costs relating to reconducting transmission lines, the
grand total was USD 83 millions as shown in Table 5-13.
5-19
Table5-13 Re-Conductoring Costs (Unit: Million US$)

No
Items
Costs
Conductor
60.1
Hardware
2.1
Stringing
9.1
Scrap of conductor
Total
-3.5
67.8
Contingency 10%
7.5
Overhead 10%
8.3
Grand Total
83.6
5.2.6 Construction Schedule

If the conventional tension stringing method is adopted, 4-bundled conductors can be paid out simultaneously.
Therefore, the progress speed is expected to be about 8km/month/circuit per a stringing crew. On the other hand, if
the cradle block method is adopted, each individual conductor shall be paid out one by one. Therefore, the
progress speed is only about 4km/month/circuit per one crew.
The construction duration by each method is estimated as follows.
Conventional Tension Stringing Section: 142.1 km / 8 km per month = 17.8 Months per crew
Stringing Section by Cradle Block system: 79.8km / 4 km per month = 20.0 Months per crew
In the Project, the Study Team assumed that four crews would work taking into consideration the
commissioning in 2019. If further crews are added, the management of them and the securing the skilled workers
are concerned. If four crews are adopted, the construction duration may be as shown in Table 5-14.
Table5-14 Estimated Construction Duration (Unit: Month)

Line Route
Line I
Line II
Total
Duration
Tension Stringing Method
Cradle Block
Total
Suralaya - Balaraja
1.7
0.6
2.3
Balaraja - Gandul
0.6
2.0
2.6
Suralaya - Balaraja
1.7
0.6
2.3
Balaraja - Gandul
0.6
2.0
2.6
4.6
5.2
9.8
5-20
5.2.7 Points to be Considered for Stringing Work

There are some points to be considered for the stringing work and they are listed below. The first two points
result from changes in the transmission facilities from the year 2007, and the third is the one which was already
noted in the Previous Report.
(1) Tower re-construction associated with new construction of Balaraja SS
(2) Additional 150 kV double circuits on towers of Line I near Gandul SS
(3) Countermeasures against insufficient clearances
(1) Tower re-construction associated with new construction of Balaraja SS

In the Previous Study, the Balaraja SS had been planned to construct in 2009, and the Study Team confirmed
that the Balaraja SS was constructed as planned. It was also found out through the on-site survey that the single
circuit towers of the Line I and II had been re-constructied to the double circuit ones associated with the new
construction of Balaraja SS. The towers before and after the re-construction are shown in Figure 5-11 and 5-12.
5-21
Figure5-11 Towers before and after Construction of Balaraja SS
(a) Before Construction of Balaraja SS
(b) After Construction of Balaraja SS

Figure5-12 Present Double Circuit Towers near Balaraja SS
(a) The First Tower to Suralaya SS
(b) The First Tower to Gandul SS
5-22
The Study Team had the information that some towers, which had been constructed by local companies (or
workers) in Indonesia, had defects such as missing nuts & bolts or members, and therefore observed the
re-constructed towers carefully. As a result, the towers appeared to have been built firmly without any defects and
to have no problems with the future re-conductoring work. However, ropes or wires have possible contacts with
another energized circuit during the stringing work on the double circuit towers, unlike on the single circuit ones.
It may cause electrical shock hazards by the contacts or the induced currents. The shutdown of the other circuit
may also be necessary.
(2) Additional 150 kV double circuits on towers of Line I near Gandul SS

Most of the towers of the lines have a single circuit line configuration. In the Previous Study, it was reported
that the towers in the eight-km section of Line I near the Gandul SS had been designed for an existing 500 kV
single circuit and future 150 kV double ones.
After the site survey, it was found that the 150 kV double circuit lines had been installed on those towers. The
150 kV lines go from the Gandul SS to the no. 212 tower on the same towers as those of the 500 kV Line I, and
then go to the Serpong SS on the different route.
As stated in (1), ropes or wires have possible contacts with other energized circuits during the stringing work in
the section. The shutdown of the other circuits may also be necessary.
5-23
Figure5-13 Additional 150 kV Double Circuits on Towers of Line I near Gandul SS

(a) Pictures in the Previous Study
(b) Pictures in the Study
(3) Actions against insufficient clearances

According to the Previous Study, it was reported that the clearance for 70 kV and 150 kV line would be quite
severe. In the Study, it was impossible investigate in detail the clearances from the two 500 kV lines with the
length of approximately 100 km respectively. In the actual re-conductoring work, therefore, detailed investigation
and study for ground clearance and other clearance for all obstacles under the entire lines shall be carried out.
Where the clearance is insufficient, it is necessary to study the proper countermeasures to be taken.
5-24
5.3 Substation Project

5.3.1 Overview of Existing 500 kV Substations
Before studying the substation project, the Study Team surveyed Gandul, Balaraja and Suralaya substations. The
survey results are as follows.
(1) Gandul substation

The site photographs and the existing facilities are shown in the next figure and table, respectively.
Figure5-14 Site Photographs at Gandul SS

Overview
Circuit Breaker
(Convention
type)
Line
5-25
Table 5-15 Existing Facilities at Gandul SS
<Red shows the result of site survey>

PRESENT(As of
Nov.17 2015)
Existing Facilities (Start operation in1981)
No.
Name of
equip.
CB
Qt'y
14
Rated
voltage
kV
Rated
short
time
Rated withstand
Current current
A
kA (3S)
Manufacturer
Maker
Country
ABB
GEC Alstom
AREVA
Magrini G.
Sweden
not sure
France
not sure
525
525
525
525
4,000
3,150
3,150
3,150
50
40
40
40
1,520
1,520
1,520
1,520
Present current
A
CT
69
not sure
not sure
525
3,150
40
1,520
DS
39
not sure
not sure
525
3,150
40
1,520
Line trap
not sure
not sure
525
3,150
40
1,520
Tr.
Unit 1&2
Elin
Unit 3
ABB
France
China
Rated capacity : 500 MVA

500kV
0kV
kV
5-26
Figure 5-15 Single Line Diagram (Gandul S/S)
Marks show the scope of this study, to be replaced.
5-27
(2) Balaraja substation

Figure5-16 Site Photographs at Balaraja SS

Circuit Breaker
(Convention
type)
Overview
CT
Line Trap
5-28
Table 5-16Existing Facilities at Balaraja SS

PRESENT(As of
Nov.18 2015)
Existing Facilities (Start operation in 2009)
No.
Name of
equip.
Qt'y
Manufact
Country
urer
Rated
voltage
Rated
short
time
Rated withstand
Current current
kV
kA (3S)
Present current
A
12
AREVA
France
550
3,150
40
1,520
CT
90
AREVA
France
550
3,150
40
1,520
37
AREVA
France
550
3,150
40
1,520
Line trap
AREVA
France
550
3,150
40
1,520
Tr.
9/3bay AREVA
Turkey
Rated capacity : 500 MVA

500kV
0kV
kV
5-29
Figure 5-17 Single Line Diagram (Balaraja S/S)
5-30
(3) Suralaya substation

Figure5-18 Site Photographs at Suralaya SS

Circuit Breaker
(Convention
Overview
500/150 kV Transformer (made in Japan)

5-31
Table 5-17Existing Facilities at Suralaya SS

PRESENT(As of
Nov.19 2015)
Existing Facilities (Start operation in 1984)

Rated
short
time
No.
Name of
equip.
Qt'y
Manufact
urer
Maker
Country
Rated
voltage
Rated withstand
Current current
kV
kA (3S)
Present current
A
GCB (3 bay)
1
GCB
ALSTOM
France
550
3,150
40
1,315
CT
54
ALSTOM
France
550
3,150
40
1,315
DS
21
ALSTOM
France
550
3,150
40
1,315
GCB
12
AREVA
France
550
3,150
40
1,315
CT
45
BBC
Switerland
550
3,150
40
1,315
DS
35
BBC
Switerland
550
3,150
40
1,315
Line trap
AREVA
France
550
3,150
40
1,315
Tr.
Mitsubishi
Electric.
Japan
CB (4 bay)
5-32
Figure 5-19 Single Line Diagram (Suralaya S/S)
5-33
5.3.2 Adaptation and Replacement Works for Substation Equipment

(1) Consideration of adaptation
By re-conductoring and upgrading of the transmission lines, the current capacity of the substation equipment
which connects directly to the transmission line becomes insufficient, and the equipment has to be replaced. The
specifications of the rated currents of the series devices at the substations associated with re-conductoring of
Suralaya Balaraja Gandul T/L have to satisfy the maximum load currents at all time after re-conductoring.
The specifications of the existing series devices are shown in the next table. The future values exceed the
capacity of the existing equipment. The newly installed equipment has to satisfy these values.
Table 5-18 Rating of Existing and Newly Installed Circuit Breakers

Present situations
Predicted values
Newly installed equipment
(As of November 2015)

Substation
Rated
Rated
Rated short
Maximum
Fault
Rated
Rated short
voltage
current
time withstand
load current
current
current
time withstand
current
at all time
current
GANDUL
525 kV
3150 A
40 kA
5008 A
63.0 kA
6000 A
63 kA
BALARAJA
525 kV
3150 A
40 kA
5008 A
63.8 kA
6000 A
63 kA
SURALAYA
525 kV
3150 A
40 kA
5008 A
57.28 kA
6000 A
63 kA
Note: The fault current in Predicted values is greater than 63 kA in the substation. The value should be less than 63 kA by the
power system operation.
(2) Replacement works

The rated currents of the series devices related to the transmission line after re-conductoring are insufficient, and
therefore have to be replaced. The replacement works at the substation are as follows.
(Common to three substations)
Replacement of the existing 500kV circuit breakers.
Replacement of the existing 500kV disconnectors.
Replacement of the existing 500kV current transformers.
Replacement of the existing 500kV line trap.
Replacement of the existing conductors for transmission line bays.
Replacement of the existing supporting structure for equipment
Replacement of the foundations of the above equipment.
Setting and adjustment of the existing protection relays and meters.
5-34
The implementation schedule or the points to be considered are as follows.
The required construction period is estimated to be 36 months. The period includes equipment
manufacturing, transportation, local construction (Civil work: foundation dismantling and new construction,
Equipment work: existing equipment removal work including equipment support structure dismantling and
new equipment installation work including new equipment support structure), and the field tests. Of these,
Site work is expected to take about 20 months. However, if more crews are adopted, it is possible to shorten
the construction period.
The replacement works at the substations need to be implemented together with the transmission line
re-conductoring works. The both works should be implemented in a coordinated way also taking into
considerations the operations of the 500kV grid and suitable shutdown plans.
The quantities of substation equipment to be replaced and their rated currents are shown in the next table.
Table 5-19 Quantities of Substation Equipment to be Replaced and Rated Currents

Substation
No. of transmission line
circuits
3-phase circuit breaker
(Rated current)
Single-phase
current
transformer
(Rated current)
3-phase disconnector
(Rated current)
Line Trap
(Rated current)
Gandul
Balaraja
Suralaya
(6000 A)
(6000 A)
(6000 A)
24
42
24
(6000 A)
(6000 A)
(6000 A)
14
22
14
(6000 A)
(6000 A)
(6000 A)
(6000 A)
(6000 A)
(6000 A)
5-35
(3) Future considerations required

The newly installed equipment is larger and heavier because the rated currents increase as shown in the table
above. The followings should be considered in the future.
Shortening the periods of replacement works
*The replacement works need shutdown, and it is necessary to consider shortening the periods of shutdown
Measures for equipment, other than the main equipment against fault current.
Study on measures against fault currents more than 63 kA at Balaraja substation
Study on rated current of the main bus bar
5.3.3 Substation Project Costs

The substation project costs are shown in the Table 5-20. It includes all the costs such as equipment,
transportation, civil work, installation and the commissioning test. The specifications of equipment are assumed to
be air-insulated switch gears.
Table 5-20 Equipment and Local Construction Costs (Unit: US$)
GANDUL
BALARAJA
7,287,320
8,221,000
467,000
503,510
7,754,320
8,724,510
Equipment
Local construction
Total
SURALAYA
Grand total
7,287,320
453,104
7,740,424
24,219,254
5.4 Total Project Costs

The total construction costs for the Project including re-conductoring of the transmission lines and upgrading of
three associated 500 kV substations are shown in the next table.
Table5-21 Total Project Costs (Unit: Million US$)

Transmission Facilities
83.6
Substation Facilities
24.2
Total
107.8
5-36
(Reference) Application to Other Re-conductoring Projects

Other re-condoctoring projects such as upgrading of 500 kV New Suralaya Balaraja transmission line are
planned. The line is illustrated in the next figure, and goes from New Suralaya to Balaraja via Banten and
Bojonegara.
Figure 5-20 Re-Conductoring of 500 kV New Suralaya Balaraja T/L
The line has the same conductors, four-bundled ACSR Dove per phase, as Suralaya Gandul line. Therefore,
up-rating conductors in the Study such as XTACIR/AC, ZTACIR/AC and TACFR can be applied to the
re-conductoring project.
5-37
Chapter6. Environment and Social Practicability

6.1 Environmental and Social Impact of the Project
Because of the densely populated area along the Suralaya-Gandul lines the construction work is limited to
re-conductoring of existing conductor, and there will be no new physical objects to adversely affect the
environment. The environmental impacts specific to a transmission project are social resettlement,
electromagnetic fields, corona noise and radio noise.
6.1.1 Social resettlement

When a new transmission line involving land acquisition is constructed, resettlement of residents is often
required to secure the right of way, and this often poses a social problem. In case of this project, however, the
planned increase in the capacity of the transmission lines can be achieved simply by re-conductoring the
transmission line using the existing electric power pylons, therefore resettlement of the residents will not be
necessary in principle. Suralaya Gandul Lines, which the feasibility study was conducted, pass through many
densely populated residential areas of West Java Province especially near Jakarta. It is quite difficult to acquire
lands in those areas, and construction of a new transmission line is considered quite difficult due to longer
construction process. Therefore, considering the circumstances of the construction sites, the re-conductoring of the
existing transmission line, which we are proposing, is regarded to be the most effective and practical means of
increasing the transmission capacity as desired.
6.1.2 Electric and Magnetic Field Intensities

According to the Previous Report, the restriction values of the electrostatic and electromagnetic field strength in
Indonesia are defined in the SNI (04-6918-2002), as shown in Table 6-1. The reference levels in the ICNIRP
Guideline are also shown the table.
Table 6-1 Limited Values for Electric and Magnetic Field
Organization
Item
Electric
Object
Field
Strength
Magnetic
Flux
Density
SNI
ICNIRP
General Public
5 kV/m
5 kV/m
Occupational
10 kV/m
10 kV/m
100 T
200 T
(1,000 mG)
(1,000 mG)
500 T
1000 T
(5,000 mG)
(10,000 mG)
General Public
Occupational
6-1
As for the electric field strength, it is reported in the Previous Report that the transmission line conductor with
the minimum height of 15 m above the ground has the values a little more than 5 kV/m, and that the actual
conductor height above the ground, 16 m or so, has the electric field strength of 4.9 kV/m.
In the Project, the transmission line voltage and the height of the replaced conductors will be the same as those
of the existing line. Therefore the predicted electric field strength will also be same as that in the Previous Report,
and be less than 5 kV/m.
As for the magnetic flux density, though the height of the replaced conductor is the same as those of the existing
line, the strength increases in proportion to the electrical currents. In the Project, the currents will be 2.4 times as
large as those of the existing line, and the density will be 64 T, which is less than 200 T.
6.1.3 Corona Noise

According to the Previous Report, electric power utilities in the world propose the corona noise level of
50dB~58 dB as the target value for designing transmission line construction, and the corona noise level would be
same as the target value after the re-conductoring.
of the existing line, and the diameter of the replaced conductor will also be almost same. Therefore the predicted
corona noise level will also be same as that in the Previous Report, and be less than or equal to the target value.
6.1.4 Radio Noise

According to the Previous Report, the radio noise level would not be much changed after the re-conductoring.
of the existing line, and the diameter of the replaced conductor will also be almost same. Therefore the predicted
radio noise level will also be same as that in the Previous Report, and be same as the value of the existing line.
6.2 Review according to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Guidelines for
Environmental and Social Considerations
6.2.1 Assessment of Environmental Checklist under JICA Guidelines
The assessment and suggested procedure for this project on the Environmental Checklist for Power
Transmission and Distributions in accordance with the JICA Guidelines is shown in Figure 6-1.
6-2
Figure 6-1 Assessment of Environmental Checklist under JICA Guidelines

Category
Environmental
Item
Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Main Check Items
(Reasons, Mitigation Measures)
(a) Have EIA reports been already prepared in official process?
(a) Based on the categorisation of this project, an EIA report is not
(b) Have EIA reports been approved by authorities of the host country's
required.
government?
(b) Based on the categorisation of this project, an EIA report is not
(c) Have EIA reports been unconditionally approved? If conditions are imposed
required.
Environmental
on the approval of EIA reports, are the conditions satisfied?
(c) Based on the categorisation of this project, an EIA report is not
Permits
(d) In addition to the above approvals, have other required environmental
required.
permits been obtained from the appropriate regulatory authorities of the host
(d) Environmental permit and licence is not required for reconductoring
country's government?
project, but notification to Ministry of Environment and local state office
(1)
EIA
and
1 Permits and
is required.
Explanation
(a) Have contents of the project and the potential impacts been adequately
(a)
Stakeholder
consultation
will
be
performed
according
to
(2)
Explanation
explained to the Local stakeholders based on appropriate procedures, including
environmental regulations.
to
the
information disclosure? Is understanding obtained from the Local stakeholders?
(b) Any comments from stakeholders will be incorporated into project
(b) Have the comment from the stakeholders (such as local residents) been
requirements.
Local
Stakeholders
reflected to the project design?
Pollution
Control
Natural
Environment
(3) Examination
(a) Have alternative plans of the project been examined with social and
(a) The alternative plan, which is to build a new transmission line, will
of Alternatives
environmental considerations?
have greater environmental impact that a re-conductoring.
(a) Is there any possibility that soil runoff from the bare lands resulting from
(a) As this is a re-conductoring of existing transmission line, no additional
earthmoving activities, such as cutting and filling will cause water quality
impact on soil runoff is expected and no significant impact on water
degradation in downstream water areas? If the water quality degradation is
quality is expected. However, any water quality degradation issues will be
anticipated, are adequate measures considered?
countered with adequate measures.
(a) Is the project site located in protected areas designated by the countrys laws
(a) The reconductoring of the transmission line does not pass through any
or international treaties and conventions? Is there a possibility that the project
protected areas
(1) Water Quality
(1)
Areas
Protected
will affect the protected areas?
6-3
Category
Environmental
Item
(2) Ecosystem
Main Check Items
(a) Does the project site encompass primeval forests, tropical rain forests,
(a) The project does not pass through ecologically valuable habitats.
ecologically valuable habitats (e.g., coral reefs, mangroves, or tidal flats)?
(b) The project does not pass through protected areas
(b) Does the project site encompass the protected habitats of endangered species
(c) There is no significant ecological impacts, however mitigated
designated by the countrys laws or international treaties and conventions?
measures will be implemented if impacts are found to be significant.
(c) If significant ecological impacts are anticipated, are adequate protection
(d) The project is a re-conductoring of an existing transmission line which
measures taken to reduce the impacts on the ecosystem?
would not disrupt migration routes or habitat.
(d) Are adequate measures taken to prevent disruption of migration routes and
(e) The project passes through watery areas but no negative impact to
habitat fragmentation of wildlife and livestock?
water quality has been observed. Appropriate mitigation measures will be
(e) Is there any possibility that the project will cause the negative impacts, such
identified for any negative impacts.
as destruction of forest, poaching, desertification, reduction in wetland areas,
(f) This project is a re-conductoring of existing transmission lines so there
and disturbance of ecosystem due to introduction of exotic (non-native invasive)
are no new developments required.
species and pests? Are adequate measures for preventing such impacts
considered?
(f) In cases where the project site is located in undeveloped areas, is there any
possibility that the new development will result in extensive loss of natural
environments?
Natural
Environment
(3)
Topography
and Geology
(a) Is there any soft ground on the route of power transmission and distribution
(a) No such soft ground has been observed along the transmission line,
lines that may cause slope failures or landslides? Are adequate measures
but any such issues will have appropriate mitigation measures in place.
considered to prevent slope failures or landslides, where needed?
(b) There will be minimal civil works required as this is an upgrade of the
(b) Is there any possibility that civil works, such as cutting and filling will cause
existing transmission line. However, any issues identified will have
slope failures or landslides? Are adequate measures considered to prevent slope
appropriate mitigation measures developed.
failures or landslides?
(c) Same as above
(c) Is there a possibility that soil runoff will result from cut and fill areas, waste
soil disposal sites, and borrow sites? Are adequate measures taken to prevent
soil runoff?
6-4
Category
Environmental
Item
(1) Resettlement
Main Check Items
(a) Is involuntary resettlement caused by project implementation? If involuntary
(a) No involuntary settlement is required as the project does not require
resettlement is caused, are efforts made to minimize the impacts caused by the
additional land acquisition or right-of-way.
resettlement?
(b) Public consultation will be conducted to explain the project. No
(b) Is adequate explanation on compensation and resettlement assistance given
resettlement is required.
to affected people prior to resettlement?
(c) Same as above
(c) Is the resettlement plan, including compensation with full replacement costs,
(d) Same as above
restoration of livelihoods and living standards developed based on
(e) Same as above
socioeconomic studies on resettlement?
(f) Same as above
(d) Are the compensations going to be paid prior to the resettlement?
(g) Same as above
(e) Are the compensation policies prepared in document?
(h) Same as above
(f) Does the resettlement plan pay particular attention to vulnerable groups or
(i) Same as above
people, including women, children, the elderly, people below the poverty line,
(j) Same as above
ethnic minorities, and indigenous peoples?

4
(g) Are agreements with the affected people obtained prior to resettlement?
Social
(h) Is the organizational framework established to properly implement
Environment
resettlement? Are the capacity and budget secured to implement the plan?
(i) Are any plans developed to monitor the impacts of resettlement?
(j) Is the grievance redress mechanism established?
(a) Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the living
(a) During construction, the project may require temporary use of land
conditions of inhabitants? Are adequate measures considered to reduce the
below the transmission line. Changes to the electromagnetic fields is
impacts, if necessary?
expected as a result of the upgrading. However, these impacts are not
(b) Is there a possibility that diseases, including infectious diseases, such as HIV
expected to be significant and will be minimised.
(2) Living and
will be brought due to immigration of workers associated with the project?
(b) Adequate health and safety plans will be developed for this project
Livelihood
Are adequate considerations given to public health, if necessary?
during construction.
(c) Is there any possibility that installation of structures, such as power line
(c) No changes to the noise level is expected as a result of this project.
towers will cause a radio interference?
(d) No compensation is required since no right-of-way or land acquisition
If any significant radio interference is
anticipated, are adequate measures considered?
is required.
(d) Are the compensations for transmission wires given in accordance with the
6-5
Category
Environmental
Item
Main Check Items
domestic law?
(3) Heritage
(a) Is there a possibility that the project will damage the local archeological,
(a) The project does not pass through any local archeological, historical,
historical, cultural, and religious heritage? Are adequate measures considered to
cultural or religious heritage.
protect these sites in accordance with the countrys laws?

(a) Is there a possibility that the project will adversely affect the local landscape?
(a) The project is an upgrade of existing transmission lines so the impact
Are necessary measures taken?
on local landscape is minimal.
(a) Are considerations given to reduce impacts on the culture and lifestyle of
(a) This project does not impact on ethnic minorities and indigenous
ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples?
people.
Indigenous
(b) Are all of the rights of ethnic minorities and indigenous peoples in relation to
(b) Same as above.
Peoples
land and resources respected?
(4) Landscape
(5)
Ethnic
Minorities
and
Social
Environment
(6)
Working
Conditions
(a) Is the project proponent not violating any laws and ordinances associated
(a) No laws associated with the working conditions of the country will be
with the working conditions of the country which the project proponent should
violated
observe in the project?
(b) Adequate health and safety measures will be developed during
(b) Are tangible safety considerations in place for individuals involved in the
construction and operation of the transmission line.
project, such as the installation of safety equipment which prevents industrial
(c) Same as above.
accidents, and management of hazardous materials?
(d) Appropriate measures will be taken to ensure that safety of individuals
(c) Are intangible measures being planned and implemented for individuals
and local residents are not violated.
involved in the project, such as the establishment of a safety
and health
program, and safety training (including traffic safety and public health) for
workers etc.?
(d) Are appropriate measures taken to ensure that security guards involved in the
project not to violate safety of other individuals involved, or local residents?
(a) Are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts during construction
(a) During constructions, environmental management and monitoring
(e.g., noise, vibrations, turbid water, dust, exhaust gases, and wastes)?
plan will be in place to reduce any impact.
during
(b) If construction activities adversely affect the natural environment
(b) Same as above
Construction
(ecosystem), are adequate measures considered to reduce impacts?
(c) Same as above
(1)
5 Others
Impacts
(c) If construction activities adversely affect the social environment, are
6-6
Category
Environmental
Item
Main Check Items
adequate measures considered to reduce impacts?
(2) Monitoring
(a) Does the proponent develop and implement monitoring program for the
(a) A monitoring program will be developed for potential impacts.
environmental items that are considered to have potential impacts?
(b) Same as above.
(b) What are the items, methods and frequencies of the monitoring program?
(c) Same as above.
(c) Does the proponent establish an adequate monitoring framework
(d) The monitoring system will be developed in line with regulatory
(organization, personnel, equipment, and adequate budget to sustain the
requirements in consultation with regulatory authorities.
monitoring framework)?
(d) Are any regulatory requirements pertaining to the monitoring report system
identified, such as the format and frequency of reports from the proponent to the
regulatory authorities?
Reference
to
(a) Where necessary, pertinent items described in the Road checklist should also
Checklist
of
be checked (e.g., projects including installation of electric transmission lines
Other Sectors
6 Note
Note on Using
Environmental
Checklist
(a) Not applicable
and/or electric distribution facilities).

(a) If necessary, the impacts to transboundary or global issues should be
confirmed, (e.g., the project includes factors that may cause problems, such as
transboundary waste treatment, acid rain, destruction of the ozone layer, or
global warming).
6-7
(a) Not applicable
6.2.2 Project classification according to JICAs Guidelines
(1) Category of this project

According to Appendix 3 of JICAs Guidelines, power transmission and distribution lines involving large-scale
involuntary resettlement, large-scale logging, or submarine electrical cables are listed as sensitive sectors and
would need to be classified into Category A. However, as this project consists of a re-conductoring of existing
transmission lines, there are no sensitive characteristics and neither does it affect any sensitive areas. Thus,
according to the Guidelines, this project can be classified into Category B. This needs to be further confirmed with
JICA upon environmental review.
(2) Environmental impact assessment

It is not necessary for Category B projects to submit EIA report.
6.3 Host countrys environmental regulations and standards

6.3.1 Outline of Environment-Related Laws and Regulations of Host Country
In Indonesia, the Ministry of Environment (MoE) takes charge of the general matters related to environment in
Indonesia. It is responsible for developing and implementing
management,
and is engaged
policies and
plans
regarding
environmental
in prevention of environmental pollution and damage, mitigation of serious
environmental impact, and restoration of environmental quality as a part of its duties. It is the central agency
responsible for environmental assessment and management.
Indonesia first introduced a system of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA or AMDAL, Analisis Mengenai
Dampak Lingkungan Hidup) in 1986, and details of the AMDAL are mandated in Article 2 of Law Number
32/2009 on the Environmental Protection and Management (Environmental Law), the most recent law for
environmental protection. Since the enactment of the Environmental Law, Government Regulation 27 of 2012 on
Environmental Licences has made it mandatory for businesses to procure an Environmental Licence before
getting their business licence. Obtaining an Environmental Licence entails the preparation of an AMDAL or an
environmental monitoring and management plan (UKL-UPL), depending on the categorization of the project.
Public consultation is a requisite component of the AMDAL process and is embedded in Articles 22 and 26 of the
Environmental Law.
The EIA process is composed of the following major steps:
1. Public Notice and Consultation
2. Preparation of the Terms of Reference (KA-ANDAL)
3. Preparation of ANDAL, RKL and RPL
4. Approval of ANDAL, RKL and RPL
5. Approval of AMDAL documents
6-8
The format of the AMDAL documents is provided in Section 2.1b of MoEs Regulation No. 08/2006, which
consists of:
1.
Terms of Reference (KA-ANDAL)
2.
Analisis Dampak Lingkungan (ANDAL or EIA report)
3.
Rencana Pengelolan Lingkungan (RKL or Environmental Management Plan)
4.
Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan (RPL or Environmental Monitoring Plan)
5.
Ringaksan Eksutif (Executive Summary)
Before beginning the EIA study, the project proponent needs to inform the relevant environmental impact
agency of the project. This approving environmental agency is dependent on the nature and location of the project.
Approval for the EIA may be granted at the central government level at MoE, or at the provincial level or district
level. The geographical boundaries for the project usually define the approving agency and for a transmission
project which crosses different provinces, the approval would usually lie with the central government (i.e. MoE).
Figure 6-2 shows the procedure of implementing environmental assessment in the scenario where EIA approval
is required.
6-9
Figure 6-2AMDAL Procedures
EIA Secretariat Technical Team and

Commission
Project Proponent
Approving agency
Public Notice and

Public Consultation
(10 working days)
ToR Review: 30 working days
Formulate ToR
(KA-ANDAL)
Administrativ
e Appraisal by
the Secretariat
Technical
Review by
Technical
Team
Decision on
ToR approval
by Head of
EIA
commission
Submit ToR for

review
Formulate ANDAL
and RKL-RPL
Submission of
application letter for
Environmental Licence
and ANDAL and
RKL-RPL review
ANDAL and RKL-RPL review: 75 working days,

including 10 days for public consultation
Administrativ
e Appraisal by
the Secretariat
Technical
Review by
Technical
Team
Public notice on Environmental

Licence Application
(Source: Ministry of Environment, 2012)
6-10
ANDAL
and
RKL-RPL
review by
EIA
commission
Recommen
d-ation
Public notice of
decision on
Environmental
Licence
Decision on
Environmental
Feasibility and issue
of Environmental
Licence
Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 5/2012 prescribes a list of projects and activities that require an
AMDAL.
For projects dealing with power transmission lines above 150 kV, this regulation stiupalates that an
EIA is required. Table 6-2 summarizes the details of the power projects that requires an AMDAL according to the
laws of Indonesia. In the case where a new power transmission line carrying 500 kV is installed, the AMDAL
procedure in Figure 6-2 above needs to be followed.
Table 6-2List of Power sector activities that require AMDAL

Activity
Criteria
Development of transmission network
> 150kV
Diesel, gas, coal fired power plants
100MW in one location
Geothermal power plant
55MW
Hydropower plant
Height:
Area:
15m
200ha
Capacity 50MW
Other types of power plants (solar, wind, biomass, etc.)
10 MW
(Source: MoE Regulation No. 5/2012)
As this project is to re-conductor existing transmission lines instead of installing new ones, it is considered that
its impact on environment is only minor, and that the full AMDAL procedure is not necessary. Land acquisition
and social resettlement are not required for this project, but attention must be paid to avoid damage to surrounding
vegetation during reconductoring. From PLNs experience, the AMDAL procedure during the 1990s for the
existing transmission line from Suralaya to Gandul, did not encounter any material issues.
In our discussions with MoE so far, modifications to an existing project with a valid environmental license need
not undergo the full AMDAL procedure. Only an amendment or update to the existing AMDAL and UKL-UPL is
necessary which drastically shortens the environmental approval process. In discussions with PLN Environmental
Sub-division, as the project involves only reconductoring in the existing right of way, the reconductoring project
for the Suralaya-Gandul line requires notification to MoE, together with the local office in the state of Banten.
Still, the necessity of the environmental research should be further examined in consultation with the host
government.
6-11
6.3.2 Details of Environmental Impact Assessment of the Host Country required for the
Project
The following are the details of contents in the AMDAL of the host country required for implementing a project
for constructing a new power transmission line carrying 500 kV.
Introduction of project
a) Project overview
This study is to perform an upgrade of the current transmission line using the current transmission line along the
Suralaya-Gandul 500kV line, as a measure against an electrical overload of the transmission line expected in
connection with the ambitious 35GW program, especially in the West Java area with plans for new power plants.
b) Project rationale
In line with the growing electricity demand and plan for 35GW of new power plants in Indonesia, the new
transmission line will help to develop greater access to electricity and enable the connection of new installed
power capacity in more efficient and environmentally friendly way.
c) Environmental policy
Since
the
purpose
of
this
project
is
to
perform re-conductoring the
transmission line,
the
impact towards the environment is minimized, but if there is an impact to the environment, the laws and
regulations of Indonesia will be adhered to.
d) Relevant regulations
Indonesia Law regulates the electrostatic magnetic intensity, corona noise, radio noise, but as said in the
previous section, all such issues lie within the regulated limits.
Items of research
While additional EIA submission would not be required for this upgrading project, typical scope of
environmental consideration is described as below.
a) Environmental impact
Climate
Air Quality
Water Quality
Land
Physical geology
Soil
b) Scope of ecological impact

The ecological impact shall be confirmed at the area of the project and will consider any Right-of-Way
encroachment, protected areas and flora and fauna. It covers the diameter of 30m from where the project is
6-12
implemented.
c) Scope of socio-economic impact

The study would confirm the current corona noise, radio noise, and the electrostatic magnetic impact on affected
persons, including any impact as a result of loss of livelihood as a result of Right-of-Way or land acquisition
required, and appropriate compensation measures.
Outline of research
a) Collection of data related to environmental impact
Climate:
Collect the data for climate, humidity, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, wind direction for the past
10years and create a data file.
Air quality and noise:
Air pollutants and real measurement of noise are performed for the degree of air pollution at three places. It will
be analyzed based on the ambient air quality standards under Regulation No.41 of 1999, and noise standards
based on Ministry of Environment Decree No. 48/MNLHJ III/1996.
Table 6-3Government Regulation No.41 of 1999 on Ambient Air Quality Standards

Pollutant
PM10
PM2.5
O3
SO2
NO2
Monitoring Duration
Government Standard (mg/Nm3)
Annual Average
No annual standard
24 hour average
0.15
1 year
15 g/Nm3
24 hour
65 g/Nm3
1 year
50 g/Nm3
1 hour
235 g/Nm3
Annual average
0.100
24hour average
0.365
1 hour average
0.900
Annual average
0.100
24hour average
0.150
1 hour average
0.400
6-13
Table 6-4 MoE Decree No. 48/MNLHJ III/1996 on Noise Standards

One Hour Leg dB(A)
Category
Day
Night
Green Areas
50
Hospitals and Health Zone
55
Mixed residential, education and religious areas
55
Office and commercial
65
Government and public facilities
70
Recreation
70
Industrial areas
70
Water quality:
The water quality must be gathered from the surrounding land, a river, and a puddle and the following pollutants
are investigated. The result shall be compared with Government Surface Water Quality Standards under
Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001.
6-14
Table 6-5
No
Government Regulation No 82 of 2001 on Surface Water Quality Standards
Parameter
Unit
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class IV
10.00
25.00
50.00
100.00
2.00
3.00
6.00
12.00
BOD5
2.
DO
mg/l
3.
N-Nitrite
mg/l
0.06
0.06
0.06
(-)
4.
Sulfide (H2S)
mg/l
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
5.
Temperature
oC
Dev. 3
Dev. 3
Dev. 3
Dev. 5
6.
pH
6-9
69
6-9
5-9
7.
Electric Conductivity
mS/cm
8.
TDS
NTU
1000
1000
1000
2000
9.
NO3
mg/l
10
10
10
20
10.
PO4
mg/l
11.
SO4
mg/l
400
(-)
(-)
(-)
12.
Iron (Fe)
mg/l
0.30
(-)
(-)
(-)
13.
Manganese (Mn)
mg/l
0.10
(-)
(-)
(-)
14.
Copper (Cu)
mg/l
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.20
15.
Zinc (Zn)
mg/l
0.05
0.05
0.05
2.00
16.
Lead (Pb)
mg/l
0.03
0.03
0.03
1.00
17.
Cadmium (Cd)
mg/l
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
18.
Chromium
mg/l
0.05
0.05
0.05
1.00
19.
Oil & Grease
g/l
1,000
1,000
1,000
20.
Radiation Total
Bq/l
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
21.
Radiation Total
Bq/l
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
22.
Fecal Coliform
no/100 ml
100
1,000
2,000
2,000
23.
Total Coliform
no/100 ml
1,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
Notes:
Class I: water can be used for drinking and other uses that require similar water quality.
Class II: water can be used for infrastructure/water recreation facilities, the cultivation of freshwater fish, livestock, irrigating crops,
and other uses that require similar water quality.
Class III: water can be used for freshwater fish farming, animal husbandry, irrigating crops, and other uses that require similar
water quality.
Class IV: water allocation can be used to irrigate crops, and other uses that require similar water quality
6-15
Land use
Regarding the land for construction, the migration plan and transportation barrier should be
Bappeda
(Regional
Planning
Agency)
along
with
Area
discussed
with
Space Management Plan (RTRW) during the
construction period.
Physical geology:
The current height interval of the land and past data of the height interval shall be used to collect the materials
for the measurement of Physical geography and geology. The project shall be implemented using digital data of
geographical features.
Soil:
Pervasion of land accompanying the project execution and change of the degree of fertility are tested by
comparison to Land Observation Guideline (LTP, 1969) through a site survey and soil investigation. The
comparison will also take into consideration a map, a height interval, precipitation, and etc. The study is
conducted by using the boring method and soil testing method which includes the physical and chemical
characteristic of the soil which is based on Soil Characteristic Analysis Data Assessment Criteria in 1983 by
Land Research Centre.
b) Collection of data related to ecological impact

Flora:
To obtain data concerning types of flora in the activity plan area and its surrounding area, inventory carried
through a field investigation and creates a table. Data that are collected are then analyzed by using SDR method
(Summed Dominant Ratio).
Fauna:
A fauna observation is carried out using a survey method, whereas its data collection technique is carried out
using a point count data collection for the community of birds and a cruise method for mammals, amphibians, and
reptiles.
c) Collection of data related to socio-economic impact

The data is collected from government and private institutions or services that are related with the project
activities along with data which includes the total population, types of institution, economy, politics, various
social data and culture. But the primary data comes from the people who are actually living at the sites by
conducting a direct interview. At the same time a study will be carried out to determine the population density, sex
distribution rate, age distribution rate.
d) Collection of data regarding health of residents

Collection of data from the regional Public Health Centre and a hearing to the residents of the project area is
required. Also a study must be conducted for environment sanitation condition, health status, types of principal
6-16
diseases, epidemiologic prevalence and existing health service should be conducted.

Environmental research plan
a) Members of environmental research team
The following engineers should be hired to implement the environmental study.
- High tension electricity expert
- Air and noise quality expert
- Biologist
- Geologist
- Civil Expert
- Socio-economic & cultural expert
- Public health expert
- Environmentalist
b) Activities required for environmental research

PLN, who is in charge for the stable supply of electricity in Indonesia, is liable to conduct the increase in
capacity of the transmission line.
c) Activities conducted at research area

For re-conductoring transmission line, there is the need to obtain temporary land for the drum and engine. But in
result of our field study, temporary land can be obtained from the land below the existing Transmission Line. If
up-rating conductors are not used and constructing a new transmission line is
obtaining the Right-of Way
would be
used
as
an
alternative,
necessary. Therefore there are the merits in up-rating conductors.
Environment of research area (current situation)

As a result of the field study most of the land is farmland and mountains there are no need to obtain new land.
But in densely populated residential areas, temporary use of land can be chosen where it best fits the condition.
Some of the transmission towers pass through watery land, but no negative impact on water quality has been
reported so far. After re-conductoring, no negative impact to water quality would be expected as well.
On 17 Nov 2015, Study Team members visited a couple of transmission towers near dense residential areas and
watery areas (towers 223-225 and 212-213), selected as potential environmentally and socially sensitive spots
with accompany of officials of PLN Planning Division and P3B. However, no material issues affecting the
environment were discovered based on the observation described in Table 6-6. Figure 6-3 shows a transmission
tower near agricultural field.
6-17
Table 6-6 Observation near sensitive locations

Tower 223 225
Tower 212 213
Location category : Residential, surrounded
Location
category:
Slump.
None
of
by house and small scale farming area
residential house was visible around the
Pollution control :The transmission tower
towers.
223 225 does not pass through river or
Pollution
control
Although
the
stream; they are some other towers passing
transmission towers 212 213 are located
through but reportedly didnt have negative
in watery land, theres no report of
impact related to water quality.
negative impact related to water quality.
Natural environment: The transmission
Natural environment : The transmission
tower 223 225 does not pass through
towers 212 213 does not pass through
protected area, and no protected area has
protected area and no protected area noted
been seen around the tower.
around the tower.
Figure 6-3Transmission tower built in water near agricultural field along Gandul Balaraja
Transmission Line (Tower 212-213)
6-18
Environment of research area (forecast)
As mentioned above, there is no need to obtain temporary land. Table 6-7 shows the environmental impact to
this region.
Table 6-7
Environment Impact
Items
Environmental
Re-conductoring Line
Impact
The
current
Right
Before Construction
impact to the environment
Environmental
Impact
During Construction
of
Way
is available therefore there is no
Temporary space below the existing right-of-way under the
transmission line for the drum and engine for reconductoring is required.
New felling is not needed.
Environmental
Impact
During Operation
The
electric field intensity of the new conductor for
SuralayaGandul Line has an electric field intensity of 4.9kV/m, which

is within regulation limits.
Maximum magnetic field intensity is half the regulation.
There are only small changes to the Radio noise level and Corona
noise
level, therefore the increase to the impact to the environment is
small.
Environmental
Impact
Same as above
After Operation
6-19
Chapter7. Financial and Economic Feasibility

In order to ensure that the project is feasible on an economic and financial standpoint, an economic and financial
analysis of the project was conducted. The economic analysis will determine whether the project is feasible based
on comparison between other alternatives on the With and Without (= the alternative option) principle from
national economy point of view. The financial analysis determines whether the project provides sufficient
financial benefits to the project proponent given the amount of upfront capital investment required.
7.1 Capital Costs of Project

7.1.1 Construction Process and Implementation Period
As shown in Chapter 8, the construction process of this project takes 36 months from selection of consultant to
completion of operations including re-conductoring of power transmission lines and remodeling of substations.
The followings are the major operations included in the construction process.
Selection of consultant: 6 months
Selection of subcontractor (including PQ, preparation of bid documents, evaluation, contract

negotiation, etc.): 12 months
Re-conductoring (Suralaya-Gandul Line; including research, designing, procurement, installation,

etc.): 17 months
Remodeling of substations (3 substations of Suralaya, Balaraja and Gandul): 18 months
Completion of construction: 18 months after conclusion of contract
The economic analysis will be made inclusive of the one-year guarantee.
7.1.2 Capital Costs and Assumptions

(1)
Construction Cost
The construction cost to be used for economic and financial analysis includes the following costs in addition to
the total construction cost.
Cost of re-conductoring Suralaya - Gandul Line and remodeling related substations: US$107.8 million
Contingency cost: US$10.78 million (10% of the cost of re-conductoring)
Engineering cost: US$5.39 million (5% of the cost of re-conductoring)
Administration cost: US$10.78 million (10% of the cost of re-conductoring)
7-1
(2)
Terms and conditions of quotation
It is presupposed that this project will be initiated on the Japanese Soft Loan, and the quotation is given under
the terms and conditions below.
Construction process: As per [Figure 8-1]
Tax matters: It is assumed that this project will be exempted from custom duties and service tax
(Indonesian equivalent of VAT).
Price escalation: Price escalation will not be considered for both domestic and foreign currencies.
Cost of land acquisition and compensation: Such cost will not be considered as it is not required for
reconductoring project.
Contingency fund: 10% is included.
Payment terms are as follows.
Advance payment: 20%
Payment at piece rate: 70%
Payment at completion: 5%
Final payment at handover (assumed to be 1 year after completion): 5%
Tables 7-1 and 7-2 shows the details of construction cost and the year-by-year breakdown, respectively with a
break-down of the total capital cost by components.
Table 7-1Details of Construction Cost of redoncuctoring
Foreign
Local
Currency
Currency
(Million US$)
(Million US$)
Category
A
1
(Million US$)
Project Cost
Suralaya
Gandul
T/L
incl.
related
substations
Total of A.
Total
Project Cost
81.80
26.00
107.80
81.80
26.00
107.80
Contingency
Price Escalation (0%)
0.00
0.00
0.00
Physical Contingency (10%)
8.18
2.60
10.78
8.18
2.60
10.78
4.09
1.30
5.39
94.07
29.90
123.97
Total of B.
Contingency
Consulting Services
(5% of A)
Total of the Eligible Portion (A+B+C)
Administration cost (10% of A)
0.00
10.78
10.78
Land Acquisition & Compensation
0.00
0.00
0.00
Taxes (sales and custom duties)
0.00
0.00
0.00
Grand Total (D + E +F + G)
94.07
40.68
134.75
7-2
Table 7-2 Yearly Breakdown of Construction Cost of reconductorin

(Unit: US$1000)
Year
2017
2018
2019
2020
Total
Grand Total
FC
Items
LC
FC
LC
FC
LC
FC
LC
FC
LC
A. Project Cost
1
Suralaya - Gandul T/L incl. related substations
Total of A. Project Cost

B. Contingency
35,447
11,267
42,263
13,433
4,090
1,300
81,800
26,000
107,800
35,447
11,267
42,263
13,433
4,090
1,300
81,800
26,000
107,800
10,780
2,727
867
5,453
1,733
8,180
2,600
C. Consulting Services
818
260
1,636
520
1,636
520
4,090
1,300
5,390
D. Total Eligble Portion (A+B+C)
818
260
39,810
12,654
49,352
15,686
4,090
1,300
94,070
29,900
123,970
E. Administration Cost
2,156
4,312
4,312
10,780
10,780
F. Land Acquisition & Compensation
G. Taxes (sales and custom duties)
818
2,416
39,810
16,966
49,352
19,998
4,090
1,300
94,070
40,680
134,750
Grand Total
The yearly breakdown was prepared on the basis of the terms and conditions of quotation mentioned in 7.1.2,
construction process in Figure. 8-1, and construction cost in Table 7-1, while the following was taken into
consideration.
The re-conductoring of power transmission lines takes 18 months. Therefore, the construction cost
(including cost of remodeling the substations) of each year consists of the following :
for 2018, when the construction is to be launched, advance payment (20% of the total construction
cost) and 6 months of progress payment (6 months/18 months) for the period during which the
construction is performed were added;
for 2019, payment at completion (5% of the total construction cost) and 12 months of progress
payment (12 months/18 months) were added and
for 2020, final payment at handover (5% of the total construction cost) was entered.
The consulting cost was assumed to be composed of progress payment only. As the consulting period
extends over 30 months, the progress payment of each year was 6 months (6 months/30 months) in 2017,
and 12 months (12 months/30 months) in 2018 - 2019, respectively.
The administration cost was recorded each year in the same manner as the consulting cost was calculated.
7-3
7.2 Economic Analysis

7.2.1 General Approach and Methodology
The general approach to the economic analysis is conducted in the following procedures:
Identification and calculation of the economic cost and economic benefit of the project
Comparison between the economic cost and economic benefit
Calculation and evaluation of Economic Internal Rate of Return
Sensitivity analysis of the results of the above comparison and evaluation
To compare the economic cost and economic benefit for the entire period of the project life, a model based on a
cashflow analysis is developed where the future streams of economic costs and benefits are projected throughout
the life of the transmission project. In doing so, the Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) can be calculated.
This is the return ratio that keeps the total amount of net present value of the economic cost (C) equal to the
economic benefit (B) that satisfies the formula B/C=1.
Conversely, we can also calculate the NPV of the economic costs and benefits based on a discount rate which is
representative of the opportunity cost of capital. Generally speaking, international financial institutions such as the
World Bank and Asian Development Bank set the discount rate (opportunity cost of capital) for developing
countries within the range between 8 and 12%. From the Previous Report, 10% was adopted as the criteria of
decision. In this analysis, the discount rate in Indonesia is assumed to be 10% according to
practices,
and
it
will
be
compared
with
the
EIRR
to
examine
the
international
the cost-effectiveness of the
project. The project is economically viable when the economic benefits outweigh the economic cost (B/C >1).
In this economic analysis, the "With and Without Principle" is applied, and the case where the proposed project
(re-conductoring of transmission lines and substation remodelling) is implemented (With) and the case where an
alternative plan (new construction of transmission lines and substations) is implemented (Without) are compared.
The Without scenario presents the Avoided Cost of the project, or the benefit of the proposed project as a result
of avoiding the alternative plan. The economic costs and benefits are assessed based on the information from the
technical analysis of the projects capital cost and expenditures during construction including physical contingency,
administration and consulting services as described above.
"With and Without" scenarios are defined as follows in this economic analysis:
With (Economic Cost) : Re-conductoring of the existing transmission lines to lines carrying increased
voltages in addition to remodeling of substations
Without (Economic Benefit)
: Construction of new 500 kV transmission lines having transmission
capacity equivalent to the increase of capacity this project provides.
7-4
7.2.2 Economic Benefit

According to the With and Without Principle, the economic benefit of this project is represented by the
construction cost of the alternative project. The alternative project refers to the construction of new 500 kV
transmission lines having transmission capacity equivalent to the increase of capacity this project provides. This is
the only alternative as the transmission network can only be upgraded through new transmission lines or by
re-conductoring. The economic benefit thus consists of the construction cost of new 500 kV transmission lines
having transmission capacity equivalent to the increase of capacity achieved by the re-conductoring, and the
operation and maintenance cost. However, the Study Team considers that building a new transmission line could
be very challenging as acquiring new land for the transmission line would be difficult due to densely populated
areas along the route.
The details of such costs as estimated by the Study Team are as follows:
(1) Construction cost of new 500 kV transmission lines

Suralaya - Gandul Section
The size of the conductor is decided so that the same capacity as in the case of re-conductoring can be
approximately secured. The followings are the details of the specifications:
- Voltage, 500 kV; the number of transmission lines, 2 lines; and total route length, 222 km
- Size and number of conductors, double circuit ACSR Zebra conductors (total transmission capacity with new
transmission line, 4,070 MW). Based on the past data of PLN, the construction cost is estimated at US$116.3
million.
(2) Land acquisition costs and right-of-way compensation for new 500kV transmission lines
As the new transmission line will need to acquire additional land for transmission towers and right of way
compensation, it is necessary to include such costs when estimating project costs. Based on a similar project for a
new 500kV transmission line in Central and West Java, the land acquisition and right-of-way compensation was
US$8.26 million for a 343km transmission line.
- Land acquisition and right-of-way compensation for new 500kV transmission line: US$ 2.68million
(3) Remodeling of Substations

Similar to the previous report, it is necessary to remodel the related substations to increase the substation
facilities due to the additional transmission lines.
- Suralaya - Gandul Section (Suralaya, Gandul and Balaraja Substation): US$24.2 million
(4) Annual operation and maintenance cost

Following the construction of new transmission lines and the related substations, the annual operation and
maintenance cost will increase to the degree of related capital and operation and maintenance costs. The increased
cost is included in the economic benefit.
Based on the similar cases in the other countries, the unit costs of operation and maintenance costs of the
7-5
transmission
lines and the
related substation facilities are
estimated
as
follows (estimated by the
Study Team):
- 500 kV transmission lines: US$1,000/km/year
- 500 kV substations: US$340,000/substation/year
The operation and maintenance cost of the increased substation bays only is included in the economic benefit
(estimated to result in 20% increase).
As a result, the annual total operation and maintenance costs are estimated as follows:
- Suralaya - Gandul Line: US$1,000/km/year/line110km2 lines =
- Substations: US$340,000/substation/year20%3 substations =
US$222,000/year
US$204,000/year
As the construction of new transmission lines requires acquisition of land and compensation, and a longer
procurement period, it is assumed that the operation will be launched in 2021, compared to the proposed upgrade
project assuming the year of operation as 2020. The construction cost of the new transmission line is shown in
Table 7-3.
Table 7-3 Economic benefit of construction of new transmission line (alternative option)
(Unit: US$1000)
Year
2018
2019
2020
2021
Total
Grand Total
Items
FC
LC
FC
FC
LC
LC
FC
LC
FC
LC
A. Project Cost
1
Suralaya - Gandul T/L incl. related substations
Total of A. Project Cost
43,723
6,673
52,132
7,957
5,045
770
100,900
15,400
116,300
43,723
6,673
52,132
7,957
5,045
770
100,900
15,400
116,300
11,630
3,363
513
6,727
1,027
10,090
1,540
C. Consulting Services
1,010
154
2,020
308
2,020
308
5,050
770
5,820
D. Total Eligble Portion (A+B+C)
1,010
154
49,106
7,494
60,879
9,292
5,045
770
116,040
17,710
133,750
E. Administration Cost
2,326
4,652
4,652
11,630
11,630
F. Land Acquisition & Compensation
2,680
2,680
2,680
G. Taxes (sales and custom duties)
1,010
5,160
49,106
12,146
60,879
13,944
5,045
770
116,040
32,020
148,060
B. Contingency
Grand Total
7.2.3 Economic Cost

The economic cost is represented by the construction cost of this project (more specifically, direct construction
cost consisting of labor cost including pay for both skilled and unskilled workers, fuel cost, construction
machinery cost, equipment cost, compensation cost, engineering cost, administration cost, contingency, etc.).
Local currency and foreign portion of the project is derived from cost estimates from a local EPC contractor.
Local currency primarily consists of labour costs and foreign currency portion is for foreign equipment. For the
purposes of calculating economic cost, value added tax and corporate income tax are excluded because they are
transferred to the governments budget.
The
total
economic
costs
summarized
in
Table
7-4
are
compiled
by collecting construction
cost, escalation, contingency, consulting cost, administration cost and land acquisition cost on the basis of the
yearly breakdown shown in Table 7-2.
7-6
Table 7-4
Economic Cost of the Project

(Unit: 1,000US$)
Year
2017
2018
2019
2020
Total
Economic
3,234
56,776
69,350
5,390
134,750
In implementing the economic evaluation of the project, the operation and maintenance cost of transmission
lines and substations is usually included in the economic cost. However, as this project proposes re-conductoring
of the existing transmission lines and replacement of equipment in the substations, the operation and maintenance
cost will not change as the quantity of equipment remains the same after re-conductoring. In other words, it is
assumed that the operation and maintenance cost will be the same before and after the re-conductoring. Therefore,
it was not included in the economic cost.
7.2.4 Project Life and Operation Period

The economic cost and economic benefit are calculated over the entire period of the project life. The first year of
the project life refers to the year when the first portion of the cost for the project is paid27, and the last year refers
to the year when the operation and maintenance of the constructed project facilities are discontinued.
The operation period of the power transmission lines to be constructed in this project is assumed to be 30 years
after the total construction period of 4 years (from 2017 through 2020).
7.2.5 Result of economic evaluation

The evaluation of cost-benefit of the project is performed by using the cash flow analysis of the economic cost
and economic benefit identified above and shown in Table 7-5 below. The results of the calculation are shown in
Tables 7-5 and 7-6.
In the economic analysis, the benefit-cost ratio (B/C ratio) indicates the result of comparison between benefit
and cost converted into net present values, while the benefit-cost difference (B-C) shows the difference between
them as also represented in net present values.
Economic Costs
Economic Benefits
Cost incurred in implementing this project
Avoided construction cost of new 500 kV
(including re-conductoring cost, remodeling cost
transmission lines as an alternative to this project
of
+ remodeling cost of related substations +
related
substations,
construction-related
contingency, consultant cost, administration cost
operation and maintenance cost
and land acquisition cost) + operation and

maintenance cost
27
In this project, the first year is assumed to be the year when the consulting services are started.
7-7
The Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) serves as an index to determine the economic feasibility of the
project. EIRR is obtained by the following formula:
=
=1
=1
(1 + )
(1 + )
- T: The last year of the project life
- Ct: Cash flow of annual economic cost in the t-th year in the project life
- Bt: Annual benefit yielded from the alternative plan in the t-th year
- R: Economic internal rate of return
As shown in Table 7-5 and Table 7-6 below, EIRR of this project is calculated at 12.58% in the base case.
7-8
Table 7-5
Results of EIRR Calculation
Economic Analysis
EIRR=
12.58%
(Uni ts : USD'000)
Opera ti ng
yea rs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Cos t - Reconductori ng Project

Yea r
Ca pi ta l expendi ture
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
Tota l :
Di s count ra te: 10%
NPV ca l cul a ti ons
O&M
Tota l (A)
O&M
Tota l (B)
Net Benefi t
(B) - (A)
3,234
56,776
69,350
5,390
-
3,234
56,776
69,350
5,390
-
6,170
61,252
74,823
5,815
-
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
6,170
61,252
74,823
6,241
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
(3,234)
(50,606)
(8,098)
69,433
6,241
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
426
134,750
134,750
148,060
12,354
160,414
25,664
NPV of Cos t:
Benefi t a nd Cos t Ra ti o (B/C):

Benefi t a nd Cos t Di fference (B-C):
O&M cos t for a l terna ti ve project
For 500kV S/S:
For 500kV T/L:
Benefi t - New Tra ns mi s s i on Li ne
116,212
NPV of Benefi t:
119,417
1.028
3,205
204,000 US$/yea r
222,000 US$/yea r
Table 7-6
Results of Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation
Case
EIRR (%)
B/C Ratio
B-C (1000 US$)
Base Case
12.58%
1.028
3,205
As mentioned above, international financial institutions such as the World Bank and Asian Development Bank
generally set the discount rate (opportunity cost of capital) for developing countries within the range between 8%
and 12%, and 10% was adopted as the criteria of decision.
As the EIRR of 12.58% obtained above exceeds 10%, the assumed discount rate (opportunity cost of capital) of
Indonesia, it can be concluded that this project is feasible from an economic standpoint.
7-9
7.2.6 Sensitivity analysis of economic results

Since fluctuations in prices (prices of construction materials and machinery, electricity to purchase and sell, etc.)
are expected to be involved in this project due to the economic circumstances of Indonesia, sensitivity analysis
was performed on total of 8 cases where the economic cost increases by 5% or 10% and where the economic
benefit deceases by 5% or 10 %, in addition to the base case.
Table 7-7 shows the results of the sensitivity analysis.
Table 7-7Results of Sensitivity Analysis on EIRR

Benefit
Base Case
-5%
-10%
Base Case
12.58%
8.03%
4.17%
+5%
8.10%
4.35%
1.36 %
+10%
4.52%
1.56%
-0.75 %
As shown in the table above, if both the cost and benefit are in the base case, EIRR is 12.58% and this project is
considered feasible. If the benefit deceases or the cost increases by 5% from the base case, EIRR reduces to about
8%.
7-10
7.3 Financial Analysis

7.3.1 General Approach and Methodology
The financial analysis is performed to assess the extent of financial benefits that the project is expected to yield.
It evaluates the project from the standpoint of financial profitability on the part of the project proponent. It is used
to check whether the project proponent can manage the project in a financially independent manner.
The investment in the project is evaluated in terms of the market price, and the invested capital is the "financial
cost". The revenue yielded from the project is evaluated also in terms of the market price, and this profit is the
"financial benefit".
The financial cost and financial benefit for the entire period of the project life are projected by analyzing the
cash flow of the project. The future stream of cash flows from the project is discounted to its present value and the
Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR) and Financial Net Present Value are calculated. The FIRR is compared
against the opportunity cost of capital in the market, which is assumed to be the prevailing domestic interest rate.
In the present analysis, the financial benefit and financial cost constitute the following:
Financial benefit: Wheeling income derived from the project in connection with the transmission and
substation facilities constructed in this project
Financial cost: Cost incurred in the construction and operations of this project
7.3.2 Financial Benefit

The financial benefit of this project is the wheeling income that is generated by the implementation of this
project. By implementing this project, increase in transmitting power flow enhances the profit from gained by
PLN as it can increase electricity supply and hence, revenue and profits. This benefit can be calculated from the
wheeling revenue generated by the transmission line. In this analysis, this increase in profit is assumed to be the
financial benefit.
(1) Annual transmitting power flow

The annual transmitting power flow of the transmission lines subject to this project is assumed to be the values
shown in Table 7-8 as calculated on the basis of the power flow, load factor and available factor.
Table 7-8Annual Transmitting Power Flow

Power Flow
(MW)
Suralaya - Gandul
4,120
Load Factor 28
(%)
70%
Available
Factor
29
Annual Transmitting
Power Flow
(%)
(MWh)
35%
8,842,300
28
Load factor represents the ratio of the average to the maximum electric power, and in this analysis, the average value of the
power plants was used.
29
Available factor represents the actual operating ratio of the facilities, and typical value for main
transmission lines, 35%, was used in this analysis, which is the same as the Previous Report.
7-11
(2) Purchase and sales price of electricity

In a de-regulated market with an independent transmission operator, the revenue of the power transmission
company corresponds to the transmission charges, which is usually the difference between the sales price to the
power distributing company and purchase price from the power producing company. In Indonesia,
power
producing
power distribution
company
is
separated
divisions functions are
from
PLN
incorporated
as
in the
subsidiaries,
power
though the
transmission
and
same company.
In discussions with PLN, PLN was not able to provide a unit wheeling charge. In this analysis, the financial
benefit to PLN was calculated on the basis of the difference between the cost of electricity production and the
revenue received from electricity sales.
In December, PLN recently awarded the Java-7 project to Shenhua Energy as the winning bidder. It is
understood that Shenhua Energy submitted a very competitive tariff rate of around 5 UScents/kWh. As PLN
would be purchasing electricity from the Java-7 project at this tariff, USD 50/MWh is taken as the purchase price
of electricity from PLN in this region.
According to the Public Service Obligation (PSO), PLN will receive a subsidy equivalent to a premium over its
total operating cost. This margin over the basic cost of electricity production is taken to be the unit revenue
(inclusive of subsidies) received in electricity sales. In 2014, this margin was 7%30. We have assumed that the
average margin that PLN will continue to earn total revenues at an assumed 5% margin over its costs of electricity
supply, which has been the historical basis for the PSO obligation.
The derivation of the Unit Wheeling income based on the above analysis is as follows:
Average cost of electricity production
USD 50.00 /MWh
Assumed margin
x 5%
Unit Wheeling income
USD 2.50 /MWh
(3) Financial Benefit to PLN

The benefit to PLN is calculated by the following formula.
(Annual Financial Benefit) = (Annual transmitting power flow) x (unit wheeling price)
Table 7-9 shows the annual wheeling income. It is assumed that the wheeling charge will be incurred starting
from 2023, the year when the operation of the transmission lines subject to this project is launched.
30
According to PLN Annual Report in 2014, PLN receives electricity subsidies from the government. The electricity subsidy is
set based on the negative difference between the average sales price minus Basic Cost of Electricity for each tariff category. This
also includes a margin above the cost of supplied electricity. Based on the 2014 Approval Letter of Budget Performance List, the
electricity subsidy includes a 7% margin above the cost of supplied electricity.
7-12
Table 7-9 Annual Wheeling Income

Power
Load
Available
Annual
Wheeling
Wheeling
Flow
Factor
Factor
Transmitting
Price
Charge
(MW)
(%)
(%)
Power Flow
(US$/MWh)
(1,000US$)
2.50
22,106
(MWh)
Suralaya - Gandul
4,120
70%
35%
8,842,300
7.3.3 Financial Cost

The financial cost is represented by the construction cost of this project (more specifically, direct construction
cost consisting of labor cost including pay for both skilled and unskilled workers, fuel cost, construction
machinery cost, equipment cost, compensation cost, engineering cost, administration cost, contingency, etc.). It is
assumed in this analysis that interest during construction and price escalations are not taken into consideration.
Details of the financial cost are based on the technical analysis presented in the earlier sections of this report.
The financial cost corresponds to the total construction cost of this project as shown below.
(1) Construction cost (US$134.75 million)

The construction cost consists of direct construction cost including labor cost for both skilled and unskilled
workers, fuel cost, construction machinery cost, equipment cost, compensation cost, engineering cost,
administration cost, etc. and contingency related to technical aspects of the project.
(2) Value added tax and corporate income tax (US$0)

It is assumed in this analysis that this project is exempted from value added tax and corporate income tax.
(3) Interest during construction (US$0)

Interest during construction is not considered in the evaluation of this financial analysis. Table 7-10 shows the
financial cost calculated on the basis of the above.
Table 7-10 Financial Cost

(Unit: 1,000US$)
Year
2017
2018
2019
2020
Total
Financial
3,234
56,776
69,350
5,390
134,750
As in the case of the economic cost, annual operation and maintenance cost of the power transmission lines and
the related substations are considered in the analysis.
7-13
7.3.4 Project Life and Operation Period

As mentioned in the economic analysis section, the operation period is assumed to be 30 years after the total
construction period of 4 years (from 2017 through 2020).
7.3.5 Results of Financial Evaluation

The financial evaluation the project is performed by using the projected cash flows of the financial cost and
financial benefit examined above. The results of the calculation are shown in Tables 7-11 and 7-12.
In the financial analysis, the NPV of the project is calculated using a discount rate of 10% which is assumed to
be the cost of capital. The NPV is a measure of the net financial benefits to the proponent in terms of opportunity
costs of money. If the value is greater than zero indicates, it means that the project is financially viable. The
Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR) serves as a major index to determine the financial feasibility of the
project by comparing it against the cost of capital. FIRR is obtained by the following formula:
=
=1
=1
(1 + )
(1 + )
- T: The last year of the project life
- C f t: Cash flow of annual financial cost in the t-th year of the project
- B f t: Cash flow of the annual benefit (increase in the sales of electricity) in the t-th year of the project
- R f: Financial internal rate of return
Table 7-11 Results of Financial Evaluation
Case
FIRR (%)
NPV (US$1000)
Base Case
14.31%
45,359
As a result of calculation, the Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR) of this project was calculated at 14.31%.
The Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR) of this project, 14.31% is slightly higher than the market interest
rate of ordinary commercial banks in the Indonesian financial market (12.0%), allowing us to conclude that this
project is financially feasible.
Our view is that the FIRR stated above exceeding the market interest in Indonesian market in this simulation
does not necessarily guarantee that there are profitable environment for private entities. The reasons is that it is
very common not only in Indonesia but also in other nations that stable supply of electricity by the timely
construction, reconductoring and regular operation and maintenance of transmission lines and related facilities is
indispensable for securing the healthy lives of people and stable operation of the companies in the regions. Also,
considering the nature of the transmission line business, in general, huge initial cost in construction or
reconductoring together with collection of the investment on wheeling fees as revenue for long periods put the
7-14
entities involved at big potential business risk, such as political, environmental, and financial risk.
Furthermore, the Indonesian government recently proposed the new policies in driving the investment by private
sectors into power generation segment and alternatively in reallocating national resources such as PLN on
transmission and distribution business. As their standpoint, we strongly recommend that the Indonesian
government needs to take a strong initiative in investing in the transmission line business as the national project
with the government's fund from the view of securing the sustainability of the social infrastructure and the stable
supply of energy.
Table 7-12 Results of FIRR Calculation

Financial Analysis
FIRR=
14.31%
(Uni ts : USD'000)
Opera ti ng
yea rs
Cos t
Yea r
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3,234
56,776
69,350
5,390
-
Revenue
O&M
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
Tota l :
Di s count ra te: 10%
NPV ca l cul a ti ons
Benefi t a nd Cos t Ra ti o (B/C):
Benefi t a nd Cos t Di fference (B-C):
Wheel i ng Energy (MWh):
Wheel i ng uni t pri ce (US$/MWh):
O&M cos t
For 500kV S/S:
For 500kV T/L:
T/L l ength:
Tota l (A)
Wheel i ng Energy (MWh)
Wheel i ng Income
(USD/MWh)
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
8,842,344
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
3,234
56,776
69,350
6,632
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
1,242
172,010
NPV of Cos t:
NPV of Benefi t:
125,888
1.368
46,335
8,842,344 MWh
2.50 US$/MWh
340,000 US$/s ubs ta ti on/yea r

1,000 US$/km/yea r
220 km
7-15
Tota l (B)
Net Ca s hfl ow
(B) - (A)
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
22,106
(3,234)
(56,776)
(69,350)
15,474
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
20,864
663,176
491,166
172,223
7.3.6 Sensitivity Analysis from a Financial Standpoint

Fluctuations in prices of construction materials and machinery are expected to be involved in this project due to
the economic circumstances of Indonesia, and the financial benefit is also considered to be affected by such
instability. Considering this situation, sensitivity analysis was performed on total of 8 cases where the financial
benefit deceases by 5% or 10 % and where the financial cost increases by 5% or 10%, in addition to the base case.
The results of the sensitivity analysis are as follows.
Table 7-13Results of Sensitivity Analysis on FIRR

Benefit
Cost
Base Case
-5%
-10%
Base Case
14.31%
13.54%
12.75%
+5%
13.57%
12.83%
12.07%
+10%
12.90%
12.18%
11.44%
As shown in Table 7-13, FIRR values exceed the market interest rate of Indonesia if the prices fluctuate within
the range of around 5%, and it can be concluded that the project is feasible from a financial standpoint.
7.4 Conclusion of Financial and Economic Analysis

7.4.1
Economic Analysis
From the economic analysis, EIRR=12.58% and B/C=1.028 were obtained. It can be concluded that the project
is highly feasible from an economic standpoint.
7.4.2 Financial Analysis

From the financial analysis, FIRR=14.31% were obtained. This project is also considered feasible from a
financial standpoint.
7.4.3 Comparison between reconductoring and new transmission line

Between the proposed reconductoring and the alternative project for a new transmission line, the reconductoring
project is more attractive for various reasons. The proposed reconductoring project does not require land
acquisition or right-of-way access as existing transmission towers are used. This reduces the social and
environmental impact and allows the project to be completed in a shorter timeline (2020 compared to 2021 for
new construction).
Furthermore, reconductoring does not lead to an increase in O&M costs as the number of equipment and circuits
remain the same. For a new transmission line, additional O&M costs will be incurred due to an increase in the
number of circuits and more substation equipment is required. Compared between the two options, reconductoring
7-16
project enables the use of higher quality and more advanced conductor technology, utilizing XTACIR instead of
ACSR conductors. The proposed reconductoring project also requires lower capital investments of USD134.75mil
instead of USD148.06mil. Table 7-14 shows a summary of the comparison between the reconductoring and new
transmission line.
Table 7-14Summary of reconductoring and new transmission line

(Proposed) Reconductoring project
(Alternative) New Transmission Line
Does not require land acquisition or
Land acquisition and right-of-way access
right-of-way
will be difficult, especially in densely
Does not lead to increase in O&M costs
populated regions along the route
Utilizes
more
advanced
XTACIR
conductor technology
Lower total project costs
New transmission line requires higher

O&M costs
Conventional ACSR conductors can be

utilized
7-17
More expensive total project cost
Chapter8. Project Implementation Schedule

8.1 Entire Schedule
The implementation period in case this project is performed as a yen credit business, from the agreement
between governments of two countries to selection of international consultants and the preparation of EPC
(Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) will require 18 months. For re-conductoring work of Suralaya
Gandul line and replacement of substation facilities, 18 months. Total implementation period is thus assumed to
be 36 months.
Figure 8-1 shows the project implementation schedule from the agreement of the government of two countries
to the completion of the project in the form of a bar chart. This implementation schedule will be revised as
necessary due to changes in related conditions.
8.2 The schedule to the EPC agreement

After loan agreement is reached between the two countries, the primary work to be completed before the EPC
full turnkey contracts are concluded and the expected time required are as follows.
Selection of Consultant and Conclusion of Consultant Contract
6 months
Preparation of EPC Tender Documents
6 months
Preparation of Bids
Evaluation of Bids, Selection of EPC Contactors, Conclusion of contracts
3.5 months
Total (including duplication)
8 months
18 months
8.3 Construction schedule

The implementation schedule for re-conductoring of transmission lines and replacement of substation facilities
are as follows.
Re-conductoring of Suralaya Gandul line
17 months
Replacement of substation facilities
18 months
Total (including duplication)
18 months
8-1
8-2
3.2
12 months
4 months
4) Installation (Stringing)
5) Testing and Commissioning
4 months
7.5 months
8.5 months
12 months
8 months
1) Design and Approval
2) Manufacturing Switchgear
3) Transportation (Shipping)
4) Installation (Replacement)
5) Testing and Commissioning
18 months
10 months
3) Transportation (Shipping)
Replacement of Substation Facility
4 months
12 months
17 months
18 months
2) Manufacturing Cable and Hardware
Uprating for Suralaya - Gandul (2circuits)
3.1
1 month
1 month
1 month
2 months
3 months
2 months
1.5 months
3 months
3 months
12 months
0.5 month
0.5 month
0.5 month
1 month
1.5 months
1 month
0.5 month
1.5 months
1.5 months
6 months
Duration
1) Design (site investigation, detail survey and approval)
Construction Stage
3.
Preparation of PQ & Technical Specification
2.2
Signing on Construction Contract
Detail Design incl. Feasibility Study Review and Power System Analysis
2.1
2.9
Consulting Services
JICA's Concurrence of Contract
JICA's Concurrence of Consultant Contract
3.9
2.8
Signing Consultant Contract
3.8
Negotiation of Contract
JICA Approval of Evaluation of Consultant
3.7
2.7
Evaluation of Consultant Proposal
3.6
Tender Evaluation
Proposal Submission by Consultants
3.5
2.6
Insurance of L/I to Short-listed Consultants
3.4
Tender Period
JICA Concurrence to TOR, Short-List, L/I
3.3
Preparation of Tender Documents (incl. JICA Concurrence)
Preparation of TOR, Short-List, L/I
3.2
2.5
Invitation of Expression of Interest
2.4
Selection of Consultant
3.1
PQ Evaluation
Signing of Loan Agreement
2.3
Pledge
Scope / Events
No.
Draft Implementation Schedule

0
2017
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
2018
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
31
2019
30
32
33
34
35
36
Figure 8-1 Project Implementation Schedule
Chapter9.
Advantages of Japanese Enterprises in Technologies and

Financing Options for the Project
9.1 Comprehensive Advantage of Japanese Enterprises in Technologies

9.1.1 International Competition and Possibility to obtain this Contract by Japanese
Entities
Invar type of conductor, XTACIR/AC, was invented and developed in Japan, and three Japanese manufacturers
have produced the conductor. The extra thermal-resistant aluminum alloy wire (so-called XTAL) requires
manufacturing know-how, which cannot be easily imitated. At present, there seem to be no manufacturers of the
wire in countries other than Japan, and therefore the Japanese manufactures have high possibilities to win the
order.
As for the hardware to fix the up-rating conductor, there are several manufacturers in Asian countries who can
produce the suitable materials with a certain quality level. Those materials can be applied to XTACIR/AC, and the
Japanese manufacturers have no superiority.
The replacement works, Cradle Block Method, was developed in Japan, where the conductor erection works
have been frequently conducted in densely populated areas. Therefore Japanese contractors have extensive
experiences and international competitiveness in the method.
9.1.2 Possible Materials Supplied from Japan and their Relevant Cost
The up-rating conductor may be supplied from Japan, whose assumed cost for Suralaya - Gandul line is listed in
Table 9-1.
Table9-1 Possible materials supplied from Japan and the relevant cost
Material
XTACIR/AC
230mm2
Quantity
Assumed cost (Million USD)
2,800 km
60
9.1.3 Necessary Countermeasure to Promote securing of the Contract by Japanese

Entities
As aforementioned, there seem to be no manufacturers of the wire, XTAL, in countries other than Japan.
However manufacturers with little supply experiences may supply the low-quality conductors. Accordingly, from
the viewpoints of ensuring the quality, it is important to require all manufacturers to have their supply experiences
more than, for example, 15 years, and this condition will guide the secure promotion of the Japanese products.
9-1
9.2 Financing Options for the Project

9.2.1 Overview of Transmission Line Financing in other countries
In many developed economies with a well-established electricity market, the transmission network owner and
operator is separated from the electricity generation and retail business, such as in the United Kingdom, United
States and Australia31. The electricity transmission business remains financially sustainable through effective
regulation to provide a balance between incentivising new transmission network investments and ensuring
affordable transmission costs. In the UK, the transmission networks are regulated by Ofgem (Office of gas and
electricity markets) and in Australia, the Australian Energy Regulator (AER) determines cost recovery
mechanisms for operating and investing in the electricity transmission network32.
With certainty of returns, there can be more investment by the private sector. Therefore, it is common for
transmission network operators to raise financing on commercial terms and to include private sector involvement
in these markets. For example, in the UK, National Grid raises corporate bonds and bank loans to finance its
projects. In addition, on January 2016, the California Independent System Operator managed to successfully
tender out a transmission project to LS Power. LS Power will build, own and operate a 97km 500kV transmission
line in Nevada. LS Power will fund the USD133million project through a 50:50 debt-to-equity structure.
However, in many less developed economies within South-East Asia where transmission business is still
integrated within state-owned electricity utilities, there is still reliance on state funding and development
assistance. In 2014, state-owned Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand was dependent on government
funding of US$515million to fund new power plants and transmission lines. In 2013, National Power
Transmission Corporation of state-owned lectricit du Vietnam (EVN) received a concessional loan of 75
million from Agence Francaise Developpement (AFD) to fund the electricity transmission sector.
While private sector involvement is possible, the timeline for completion can be lengthy. For a transmission line
between Cambodia and Thailand, the project managed to be developed on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis.
Although the power purchase agreement (PPA) was signed in 2002, the concession agreement was only awarded
in 2005 and loan agreements for the transmission line were finally signed in 2008. So far, this has been the only
PPP project for transmission line in the region.
9.2.2 Overview of Financing in the Indonesian Power Sector

In the transmission sector, PLN raises financing for transmission lines through various means such as
government loans, domestically syndicated commercial loans and bond issues. In the 2010 FTP1 (Crash program
1) to build 10,000MW of power plants and related transmission lines, PLN obtained 85% of funding requirement
from bank loans fully guaranteed by the government and 15% from PLN internal funds. PLN managed to raise
bank loans of USD116million in foreign currency and USD4.8million in local currency to develop the electricity
transmission network in 2010.
The foreign currency loans were raised from a consortium of local state banks
Bank Mandiri, Bank Rakyat Indonesia, Bank Negara Indonesia and private lender Bank Centra Asia, with a 100%
government guarantee. Besides bank loans, PLN funds transmission projects through state budget, internal funds,
31
For example, in the UK, National Grid owns and operates the electricity transmission network and does not generate or sell
electricity.
32
See AER Final Decision on Trans Grid transmission determination for the 2015-2018 period.
9-2
foreign two-step loans, bank loans and corporate bond issues. Multilateral development banks are also heavily
involved in the transmission sector given the nature of transmission infrastructure as a public facility to ensure
stable power supply and a key infrastructure to supporting Indonesias electricity demand growth. Banks such as
World Bank and the Asian Development Bank have been actively investing in the transmission sector in the past
few years, providing both technical assistance and financing.
More recently, Germanys development bank, Kreditanstalt fr Wiederaufbau (KfW) has also committed to offer
loans of up to US$2.5 billion to Indonesia to develop renewable energy and transmission projects in Indonesia33.
As the 8th largest shareholder in the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) with an investment of
US$672.1 million, Indonesia is reported also to expect the AIIB to play a larger role in the power sector for both
power plants and transmission infrastructure whereas actual operation of AIIB needs to be monitored34. A list of
recent transmission projects funded by multilateral banks is shown in Table 9-2. In its 2014 annual report,
two-step loan comprised 28% of total outstanding long-term loans and bonds.
33
The Study Team interviewed the representative of KfW Jakarta on November 19th 2015. It also interviewed with the
reprensetative of ADB Jakarta on November 12th 2015.
34
Finance Minister Bambang Brodjonegoro cited that the AIIB would need to shorten decision making process as long project
approvals process for ADB (half a year) and World Bank (one year) has held up projects. South China Morning Post, 30 June 2015,
Indonesia to push for AIIB to finance power projects
9-3
Table 9-2: Transmission projects by development banks

Year
Project Name
Agency
Description
Loan
Interest
Repayment
Grace
Amount
Rate
Period
Period
(year)
(year)
(million
USD)
2015
Electricity
Asian
Improve
600
Grid
Development
existing
Strengthening
Bank (ADB)
transmission
Sumatra
and
Program
distribution in
20
20
15
21
7.5
24.5
Sumatra
2013
220km
Asian
Interconnection
Java-Bali
Development
between
Java
Transmission
Bank (ADB)
and
Bali
West
ADB
Kalimantan
Power
LIBOR +
0.60%
islands
Line
2013
224
Grid
Cross
border
high
voltage
transmission
Agence
Strengthening
Franaise
Project
Dveloppement
West
(AFD)
Kalimantan
de
line
49.5
LIBOR +
0.60%
49.5
between
EURIBOR
+ 0.30%
and Sarawak
2013
Indonesia
World Bank
Rehabilitation
325
LIBOR
Second
and upgrade of
based
Power
existing
IBRD
Transmission
construction of
Variable
Development
new
Spread
Project
substations
and
in
Loan
Indonesia
2010
Indonesia
World Bank
Expansion and
225
LIBOR
Power
upgrade
of
based
Transmission
existing
and
IBRD
Development
construction of
Variable
Project
new
Spread
substations
Loan
(Source: World Bank, ADB, IJGlobal)
9-4
Figure 9-1 Share of PLNs outstanding long-term loans and bonds

Long-term loans and bonds
28.2%
8.2%
77.5%
63.6%
Two-step loans
Government loans
Bank loans
Bonds
(Source: PLN Annual Report 2014)
As part of the Governments effort to resolve key issues hampering the acceleration of infrastructure
development. Committee for the Acceleration of Priority Infrastructure Development (Komite Percepatan
Penyediaan Infrastruktur Prioritas / KPPIP) was established under Presidential Regulation Number 75 of 2014,
dated 17 July 2014, regarding the acceleration of priority infrastructure development. The KPPIP is led by the
coordinating economic minister and the members of the Committee are the Minister of Finance, the Minister for
National Development Planning / Head of National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), and the Head of
the National Land Agency (BPN). KPPIP is mandated to create a pipeline of projects to be developed under the
PPP scheme to improve quality of project preparation, bankability, develop optimal funding structures and to
establish incentives and disincentives. In accordance with the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs Law
No. 12/2015, regarding the list of Priority Infrastructure for 2015 2019, there are 30 priority infrastructure
development projects that fall under KPPIPs jurisdiction including the 500kV Sumatra Transmission Grid project,
500kV Central-West Java Transmission Line and the HVDC project.
While significant developments have been made by Indonesia to develop infrastructure projects through private
sector participations, the progress of PPP projects in Indonesias power sector to-date has remained slow. For
example, the 2,000MW Central Java PPP project are still facing delays due to land acquisition. At the same time,
the Sumsel 9 and Sumsel 10 PPP coal-fired projects have been delayed multiple times. Since it was first
announced in 2013, the RFP deadline has been continually extended and as of 13 January 2016, the RFP deadline
has been postponed again.
More generally in power generation plant construction projects in Indonesia, the use of large scale commercial
project finance is common and there is a good track record of commercial lending supported by ECAs.
Traditionally, the Indonesian government has also provided guarantees to backstop PLNs obligations to the
project in order to address PPA and meet lenders requirement for credit enhancement but this is changing as new
precedents develop. The 660MW Banten coal fired plant was the first power plant without a government
guarantee that successfully reached financial close in 2013. Moving forward, the Java-1 is tendered to select
developers and suppliers. For Java-7 power generation project, PLN has appointed Shenhua as preferred bidder in
9-5
December 2015. These two projects also come without a government guarantee. Table 9-3 provides an overview
of recent power transactions in Indonesia.
Table 9-3: Recent power generation plants procured

Project
Sarulla Geothermal Plant
Banten Coal Fired Plant
Sumsel 5 Coal Fired Plant
Capacity
330MW
660MW
600MW
Sponsors
Itochu Corp, Medco Energy,
Genting Berhad, Hero Inti
Sinar Mas
Kyushu
Pratama
Electric,
Ormat
Technologies
Project Cost
USD 1,540.5 million
USD 998 million
USD 480 million
D/E ratio
75:25
73:27
66:34
Debt
USD 1,170 million
USD 730 million
USD 318 million
Tenor
20 years
12 years
10 years
Lenders
ADB, JBIC
EXIM Bank of Malaysia
China Development Bank
ING,
BTMU,
Mizuho,
SMBC, Societe Generale,
Citigroup, Maybank, CIMB,

RHB Bank
National Australia Bank

Financial Close
May 2014
July 2013
Remarks
JBIC political risk guarantee
No government guarantees
for commercial loan
(Source: IJGlobal, Bloomberg)
9-6
April 2012
9.2.3 Overview of Financing at PLN

In the financing landscape in Indonesia, the current annual interest rate of IDR from an Indonesian commercial
bank for PLN is the three months weighted average time deposit35 + 3% per annum, based on PLNs recent
corporate loans. For US dollar financing in recent years, the rate has been 5-7% based on PLNs recent US dollar
bond issues in 2012 and 2009. Typical USD interest rates for project financed power projects would be around 3M
LIBOR + 4-5%.
As compared with these examples, the Japanese ODA Loan of the Government of Japan offered through the
JICA provides several advantages such as lower interest, up to 10-year grace period, and 30-year period of
redemption (for general terms loan). Because of this, there are favourable attitudes towards the use of the Japanese
ODA Loan. The current rates for variable rate 30-year loans is JPY LIBOR + 0.15%36, which is very attractive
compared to commercial loans as well.
Accordingly, the Government of Indonesia and PLN continue to take a positive approach toward the favorable
financing conditions (low interest and longer period of redemption) for a Japanese Yen ODA Loan from JICA. In
fact, PLN is already processing a loan arrangement with JICA (co-financed by KfW) for the Central and West
Java project through direct lending to PLN, according to a new presidential regulation. The Presidential Decree 82
of 2015 on Central Government Guarantee for Infrastructure Financing through Direct Loans issued on 15 July
2015 allows international development finance institutions to lend directly to state-owned enterprise without
going through state budget process and parliament approval. Central government provides guarantee to bilateral
and multilateral organisations. The direct lending will be applicable for projects that are approved by the
Committee of Acceleration of Procurement for Priority Infrastructure (KPPIP), approved by ministries or in line
with the Mid-Term National Development Plan37. The Government of Indonesias intention to release this
regulation was to shorten the time for state-owned institutions to receive financing from international financial
institutions for critical infrastructure projects.
9.2.4 Use of Japanese ODA Loan Requirements in the Proposed Project

There has been frequent exchange of visits by the Government leaders and policy meetings between Japan and
Indonesia. In a summit meeting held between Mr Shinzo Abe, Prime Minister of Japan and Mr Joko Widodo,
President of the Republic of Indonesia on 23 March 2015 in Japan, both leaders expressed strong commitment to
expand bilateral trade and investment cooperation. In the meeting, both leaders also concurred in launching
PROMOSI: Japan-Indonesia Investment and Export Promotion Initiative.
One component of the initiative is the promotion of a business and investment friendly environment in
Indonesia. This aims to enhance investment promotion measures, develop high quality infrastructure, and to
facilitate important projects such as mass rapid transit and electricity. In particular, the importance to enhance
cooperation in developing high quality infrastructure under the 35GW program was also confirmed. This initiative
was further affirmed during Prime Minister Abes visit to Indonesia on 22 April 2015.
The Japan government also announced the Partnership for Quality Infrastructure (PQI) in May 2015 to provide
35
As of December 15, this is 7.99% from Bank Indonesia

JICA lending rates effective from 1 April 2015
37
The Mid-Term National Development Plan (RPJMN) is a 5 year-plan issued by the Government of Indonesia to develop its society
and economy. The most recent issue is the RPJMN 2015-2019
36
9-7
USD 110billion of quality infrastructure in Asia over the next 5 years with the ADB. The PQI aims to promote
necessary infrastructure investment required in the region. Under the PQI, Japan will streamline the ODA loan
procedures from around 3 years to 1.5 years and also to allow ODA loans to be extended to sub-sovereign entities,
such as PLN. Together with the PQI, the Enevolution initiatve also helps to provide emerging economies with
know-how on energy related policy by deepening sector understanding through training programs and seminars to
develop institutional capacity.
The proposed project is concerned with the transmission line reinforcement project for the most important basic
transmission line from the Suralaya area as a source of supplying electric power to Jakarta, the capital and the
economic center of Indonesia. In view of the difficulties and cost efficiency in acquiring the land for the
construction of the power transmission line in practice, the importance of this re-conductoring project is
sufficiently understood on the part of the Indonesia. Furthermore, given that the transmission facilities from
Gandul and Suralaya are also in PLNs plan (RUPTL 2015-2024) for transmission upgrade, there is considerable
interest by PLN to ensure that this project is developed in time to support the growth of new power plants in West
Java.
At present, there is no official request for the Japanese ODA Loan in this project. However, together with the
preceding Central West Java transmission line project, which PLN and JICA have been developing and appraising,
it is expected to put in the process as PLN is positively considering to take up this project which further
strengthens power transmission capacity. Application for Japanese ODA Loan will be filed according to the
subsequent process of the request for the Japanese ODA Loan by the Government of Indonesia.
9.2.5 Implementation Capability of Relevant Agencies of Indonesia

The implementation agency in Indonesia as project proponent and owner is PT. PLN. This company is 100 %
owned and managed as a wholly-owned subsidiary by the Ministry of State Owned Enterprises (BUMN).
PLN is regulated and managed by a complex system which is placed under the regulation and supervision of the
Ministry of Energy, Mineral and Resources (MEMR), and is subjected to the budgetary approval by the Ministry
of Finance. At the same time, MEMR is a coordinated ministry within the Coordinating Ministry for Maritime
Affairs. Coordination and formulation of national energy policies are conducted through the National Energy
Council (DEN), established in accordance with Presidential Decree No. 26 of 2008.38The organization of these
and related authorities are shown in Figure 9-2, Relevant Agencies of Indonesia.
38
Besides energy policies, DEN is entrusted with developing a National Energy Plan and to oversee implementation of policies in
energy issues which cuts across different sectors. The DEN is chaired by the President and Vice-President and includes Ministers
from other ministries.
9-8
Figure 9-2: Power Transmission Relevant Parties of Indonesia
Coordinating Ministry for

Maritime Affairs
President
Vice President
Minister of Finance
State Minister of
National Development
Planning
Minister of
Transportation
Minister of Industry
Minister of Agriculture
State Minister of
Research and
Technology
Ministry of Energy,
Mineral and Resources
(MEMR)
Ministry of Finance
(MoF)
National Energy
Coordinating
Agency
(BAKOREN)
State Minister of
Environment
Regulati
on
National energy policy planning and coordination
Sale and
Purchase
of power
Regulati
on
IPP
Ministry of State
Owned Enterprise
(BUMN)
Budget
and
financing
PT PLN
Subsid of PLN on generation, transmission and distribution
PT Pelayanan istrik Nasional

Batam (PT PLN Batam) (special
regions)
PT Pembangkitan Jawa Bali

(PT PJB) (generation and O&M)
Pusat Pengaturan dan Penyaluran

Beban (P3B) (transmission and
distribution)
PT Indonesia Power (generation)

(Source: The Study Team, PLN)
9-9
Under the leadership of Mr. Sofyan Basir, appointed as president director of this company since December 23,
2014, the following persons in Figure 9-3 are appointed as Directors to take charge of the following Divisions.
PLNs organization structure has been changed on October 2015 with an additional of 3 Directors. Regional
Directors was added into the organization in order for faster decision-making and addressing challenges timely
unique to each regions. The organizational structure under PLN is shown in Figure 9-3 and 9-4.
Figure 9-3 Directors in PLN

S/
Title
Name
President Director:
Mr. Sofyan Basir
Director (Human Capital):
Mr. Muhamad Ali
Director (Procurement):
Mr. Supangkat Iwan Santoso
Director (Corporate Planning):
Ms. Nicke Widyawati
Director (Finance):
Mr. Sarwono Sudarto
Director (Regional Business Sumatera):
Mr. Amir Rosidin
Director (Regional Business West Java & Lampung):
Mr. Murtaqi Syamsuddin
Director (Regional Business Central Java):
Mr. Nasri Sebayang
Director (Regional Business East Java & Bali):
Mr. Amin Subekti
10
Director (Regional Business Kalimantan)*
Mr.
11
Director (Regional Business Sulawesi & Nusa
N1
Djoko
AbMr. Machnizon
Tenggara)*
12
Director (Regional Business Maluku & Papua)*
*effective as of October 2015

(Source: PLN Website)
9-10
Mr. Haryanto W. S.
Rahardjo
1. President Director
2. Human
Capital Director
3. Procurement
Director
4. Corporate
Planning Director
5. Finance
Director
Regional Business
Directors
6. Sumatera
Transmissio
n and
Dispatch
Control (P3B)
Power Systems
Planning
(Mr M Ikbal Nur)
Division
7. West Java
8. Central Java
P3B Jawa-Bali
Grid
(Mr Evy Haryadi)
Foreign Loan and

Grant
(Ms Ika Dewi)
9. East Java & Bali
10. Kalimantan
11. Sulawesi & Nusa

Tenggara
12. Maluku & Papua
Figure 9-4 Organisational structure of PLN and key divisions and persons in relation to the project39
9.2.6 Evaluation of Implementation Capability of the Relevant Agencies of Indonesia

In 2006, PLN was mandated to build 10,000MW of coal-fired plants in order to reduce reliance on fuel oil and
to meet rising domestic demand. Also known as the first Fast Track Program, PLN has since managed to complete
around 90% of the projects as of 2015. Furthermore, with the second Fast Track Program in 2009 to expand more
than 10,000MW of new power projects, PLN has gained experience in developing power projects and through
utilizing ODA loans.
With the 35GW Program, PLN will focus more on developing transmission networks while working on power
generation expansion. MEMR has shared that PLN developed projects could be reduced from 10GW to 5GW.
This allows greater IPP opportunities and at the same time focuses PLNs capabilities in developing transmission
infrastructure. Table 9-4 shows the power transmission projects of Indonesia supported by the Government of
Japan since 1971.
39
This is an extract of transmission related departments relevant to this project and other departments are not shown
9-11
Table 9-4 Power Transmission Projects of Indonesia supported by ODA from the Government of Japan
N
Year
Project
Amount
(million JPY)
18/12/201
Java-Sumatra Interconnection Transmission Line Project (II)
62,914
530/4/2010
Java-Sumatra Interconnection Transmission Line Project (1)
36,994
31/3/2009
Engineering Services for Java - Sumatra Interconnection Transmission Line Project
29/3/2007
North-West Sumatra Inter-connector Transmission Line Construction Project
16,119
28/1/1998
Transmission Line Construction Project In Java-Bali (III)
10,918
4/12/1996
Transmission Line Construction Project In Java-Bali (II)
2,840
1/12/1995
Transmission Line Construction Project In Java-Bali
8/10/1992
Java-Bali Power Transmission Line And Substation Project (East Java) (II)
6,862
25/9/1991
Java-Bali Power Transmission Line And Substation Project (East Java)
7,671
10
15/2/1985
East Java Electric Power Transmission And Distribution Network Project (IV)
11
26/12/198
North Sumatra Transmission Line Project
5,800
12
04/10/1979
The Equipment Supply For Power Distribution Voltage Change Phase II
1,100
13
31/3/1978
The East Java Electric Power Transmission And Distribution Network Project
4,900
14
31/3/1978
The East Java Electric Power Transmission And Distribution Network Project
10,512
15
23/2/1978
The Equipment Supply For Distribution Network
2,240
16
27/12/197
The Equipment Supply For Power Distribution Voltage Change
1,680
17
714/7/1976
Consulting Services For East Java Electric Power Transmission And Distribution
3,886
17,037
14,000
950
Network Project
18
23/4/1975
Palembang Electric Power System Project
19
28/2/1975
East Java Electric Power Transmission And Distribution Network
456
20
28/2/1975
East Java Electric Power Transmission And Distribution Network
4,049
21
12/8/1974
Consulting Services For East Java Electric Power Transmission And Distribution
2,609
288
Network Project
22
21/11/197
Palembang Electric Power System Project
23
224/7/1972
East Java Transmission And Distribution Network Project
24
31/5/1972
Riam Kanan Distribution Network Project
424
25
15/4/1971
Engineering Services Of East Java Transmission And Distribution Network Project
407
(Source: JICA)
9-12
90
2,506
As shown in Table 9-4, PLN of Indonesia has utilized Japanese ODA Loan for approximately 217.252 million
Yen in 25 power transmission line projects during 44 years period (1971 2015). PLN has developed a deep
understanding of the projects using the Japanese ODA Loan of the power-related
sectors of Indonesia, and to
exhibit an advanced level of capability in the implementation of the projects. Japan involvement to transmission
development also shown from technical assistance to PLN for various transmission projects such as the Java-Bali
and Java-Sumatra Transmission Projects. Gradually, PLN has shown capability improvement to execute the
transmission project based on successfully concluded transmission projects. During our interactions with PLN
during the feasibility study, PLN has shown considerable financial technical knowledge and familiarity with
Japanese development financing procedure and is expected to have good experience to develop the transmission
project, which can be seen from PLN 5 years achievement report that shown 5,185.73 kms additional transmission
has been constructed (from 35,146 kms in 2010 to 40,331.73 kms in 2014) and show significant improvement in
2015 with 3,941 kms of additional transmission line. Thus, PLN was able to demonstrate sound understanding of
financing considerations as well as technical expertise in transmission lines.
9.2.7 PLNs Financial Conditions

PLN is a state-owned entity owned by the government of Indonesia (BB+ country credit rating by Standard and
Poors) and is operated on commercial principles. However, due to the nature of Governments policy of keeping
electricity tariffs low (below the cost of production), PLN has received electricitysubsidy by the government in
order to support its financial liabilities and operating costs. Based on the approved budget performance list, PLN
was allowed a 7% margin above the cost of supplied electricity. In 2014, PLN received subsidies from the
government of Rp 99,303,250 million (34% of revenues) and in 2013 subsidies were Rp 101,207,859 million
(39% of revenues). PLNs profit increased from a net loss of Rp 26,235615 million in 2013 to a net profit of Rp
11,741,610 million. Losses in 2013 were primarily due to realization of foreign exchange losses. Table 9-5 is the
statement of income for PLN in years 2014 and 2013.
9-13
Table 9-5 Statement of Income for PLN in 2014 and 2013

Units: million Rp
2014
2013
Revenue
Sale of electricity
186,634,484
153,485,606
99,303,250
101,207,859
Customer connection fees
5,623,913
6,027,799
Others
1,159,544
1,125,778
Total Revenues
292,721,191
261,847,042
Total Operating Expenses
246,909,970
220,911,147
OPERATING INCOME
45,811,221
40,935,895
Gain (loss) on foreign exchange - net
1,319,299
(48,096,810)
Others income (charges) - net
4,157,018
1,792,124
Government's electricity subsidy
Financial income
584,061
Financial cost
736,378
(35,971,211)
(30,146,545)
Tax Benefit (expense)
(4,158,778)
8,543,343
INCOME (LOSS) FOR THE YEAR
11,741,610
(26,235,615)
(Source: PLN Annual Report 2014)
A stronger indicator of PLNs financial condition will be its liquidity rather that profitability. From 2011 to 2014,
PLNs current ratio, equal to current liabilities over current assets, has increased steadily from 0.96 to 1.02 as a
result of its increasing leverage ratio (debt to equity ratio). However, PLN has remained cashflow positive from
2011 to 2014, where its cash position has increased from Rp 22,088,093 million in 2011 to Rp 27,111,528 million
in 2014. This is due to stronger cashflow from operating activities and a decrease in investing activities.
Furthermore, PLNs debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) has been at healthy levels of at least 1.25x.
Table 9-6 summaries the key financial metrics from 2011 to 2014.
9-14
Table 9-6: PLNs key financial ratios

2014
2013
2012
2011
Current ratio (current assets/ current

liabilities)
1.02
1.05
0.98
0.96
Leverage ratio (Debt/equity)
2.67
2.93
2.17
1.89
DSCR (operating income/financial cost)
1.27
1.36
1.38
1.29
(Source: PLN Annual Report 2014, 2013, 2012, KPMG analysis)
Given that PLN has sufficient liquidity, healthy DSCR and net cash position, taking on a new loan is not
expected to have adverse impact on its financial position or its ability to finance the loan. Furthermore, further
subsidy reform in the Indonesian power sector is expected. In 2015, Indonesia removed electricity subsidies for
users with connections of 1,300VA and 2,200VA. The subsidy removal was further extended to smaller users with
connections of 450VA and 900VA on 1 Jan 2016. However, the government intends to provide direct subsidies to
the poorest of its population of about 24.7million subscribers. PLN expects to achieve cost savings of about IDR
20-30 trillion (USD1.5 billion) per year with this direct subsidy scheme.
At the same time, the government has approved, on 28 January 2016, capital injection of about IDR 10 trillion
to support PLN in achieving its 35GW program. With less dependence on government subsidies and capital
injection from the government, PLN financial sustainability is expected to improve in the long term.
9.2.8 Current Situation for the Japanese ODA Loan

As explained in this Chapter, under the new Presidential Decree 82 of 2015, State Owned Entities are now able
to enter into direct loans with foreign institutions, including multilateral development banks such as JICA, ADB
and World Bank. This will drastically reduce the funding approval process within the government as the funds will
not be approved at the national budget level. Instead, PLN will be the direct borrowing agency.
Under the direct lending scheme, the proposed projects need not be listed in the Blue Book (DRPPLN), which is
coordinated through BAPPENAS. With the new direct lending scheme, PLN proposes a project and recommends
to the Ministry of State Owned Enterprise (BUMN) and the Ministry of Finance (MoF) for financing using a
direct loan with an international financial institution. Only upon MoFs in-principle approval, the loan negotiation
process begins. Thus, the implementation process for Japanese yen loan through direct lending can be shortened
compared to the previous process of utilising two-step loans. Figure 9-5 shows an outline of the agencies and
process involved in obtaining the Japanese ODA loan.
9-15
Figure 9-5 Process and agencies involved in obtaining Japanese ODA loan
Indonesian Agencies
PLN reviews project

feasibility and
conducts further
studies and approval
Japanese Agencies
Submission of Japanese ODA

loan request for the project to
Government of Indonesia for
evaluation
Ministry of Finance (MoF)

Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN)
Dispatch of JICA Fact

Finding Mission
Submit a request for Japanese

ODA loan to the Government of
Japan through Japanese
Embassy
Dispatch of JICA
appraisal mission
Decision by
Government of Japan on
ODA loan
Negotiations and
formal approvals
Exchange of Notes
9-16
Prior notification to
Government of Indonesia
9.2.9 Implementation Plan for Japanese ODA Loan

Since 1966, Japan has provided Indonesia with almost USD 3.9 billion in ODA loans. With the current on-going
Java-Sumatra HVDC transmission project, PLN is expected to have gained experience and knowledge in
transmission projects, from procurement to project execution. Furthermore, PLN has also been aided by other
development agencies such as Asian Development Bank (ADB) and World Bank for similar transmission projects.
At the same time, it is JICAs goal to increase power generation capacity by 1,595MW and transmission line
(500kV & 275kV) by 1,540km in Indonesia by 2019.
This project has been proposed as a Japanese ODA Loan project for Indonesia. It is essential to get support from
PLN, as the project implementation agency, and support from MoF as the finance ministry of the Government of
Indonesia.
As of December 2015, PLN was
processing a loan arrangement with JICA for the Central and West Java
transmission project. They have discussed the possibility of implementing an Umbrella Agreement to bundle
projects of similar nature together under a sector loan. This Umbrella Agreement could cover transmission
projects such as the Central and West Java transmission project and the re-conductoring of the Suralaya-Gandul
line. The loan agreement with Central and West Java transmission project with JICA is expected to be executed in
April 2016.
The following shows the major milestones during the period from completion of the feasibility study on this
project to the signing of the Japanese ODA Loan agreement and Exchange of Notes:
9-17
Table 9-7: schedule of Loan Agreement and Exchange Note
No.
Activity
Period
Completion of feasibility study
Feb 2016
Distribution of feasibility study to related agencies and study of the report by
Mar 2016
these agencies
3
Study of the project by the PLN as a project implementation agency, preparation
Apr Jun 2016
of Project Implementation Plan, and authorization of the project, including further

environmental or technical review
4
Recommendation by PLN to Ministry of Finance and Ministry of State Owned
Jun 2016
Enterprise for Japanese ODA Loan loan for the project

5
Study of project and Japanese ODA Loan Request by Government of Indonesia
Jul Aug 2016
and relevant agencies and dispatch of JICA fact-finding mission

8
Submission
Government
of
the
request
for
Japanese
ODA
Loan
by
the
Sep 2016
of Indonesia to the Government of Japan (through the
Indonesia-based Ambassador of Japan)

9
Dispatch of JICA Appraisal Mission, and consultation with the related agencies of
Oct Nov 2016
Indonesia
11
Final review, study, consultation and determination of the Japanese ODA Loan
Dec Jan 2017
project by the related agencies of Japan

12
Declaration of intention to implement the Japanese ODA Loan proposal to
Feb 2017
Government of Indonesia (prior notification) and procedure for consent to the

OECD Consensus
13
Japanese ODA Loan procedure, Exchange of Note (E/N) and signing of the
Mar 2017
Japanese ODA Loan Agreement (L/A) under the Umbrella Agreement
Fin.
9-18
(Appendix)
1.
Workshop
Objective
Prior to finalize the report of our feasibility study, we held the workshop in Jakarta to have an opportunity to
share the overview of the study and also to exchange the views among the participants including the members of
Ministries and related entities of two nations, Indonesia and Japan, together with another Japanese study team
which mainly involved in proposing the effective approach for the reform of subsidy system and in introducing
the efficient power system development in Indonesian power sector.
2.
Outline
The outline of the workshop is shown below.
DateWednesday 10th February , 2016
VenueGran Melia Hotel Jakarta

Participants Shown below
Ministry of Finance (MOF)

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)
Indonesia
Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs

BAPPENAS
PLN
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
Japan
JICA
Japanese private companies
ProgrammeShown the figure below

Time
9:009:10
Topic
Opening
and
Presenter
welcome
METI and MEMR
remarks
Finance
9:109:40
Securing Financial robustness

for
long-term
Power
Ernst & Young Shinnihon

LLC (E&Y)
Development International
cases on subsidies reform and
government support9:409:55
Finance Strategies for Power
MOF
Sector Development
9:5510:10
PLN Strategies to Finance the

9-19
PLNFinance
35GW
Power
Development
Program
10:1010:30
Q&A/Discussion
MOF, PLN(Finance), and

E&Y
Technical Solutions
10:3010:50
Measures for Efficient Power

System Development
10:5011:10
Feasibility
Tokyo
Electric
Power
Company Inc.(TEPCO)
Study
of
KPMG,
Tokyo
Electric
Service
Co.,
Transmission Lines Upgrading
Power
in North West of Java Island,
Ltd.(TEPSCO)
Indonesia
3.
11:1011:30
Panel discussion
11:3011:45
Q&A/Discussion
PLN, KPMG, TEPCO, and

TEPSCO
Result
(1) Comments from PLN for the study

According to the power system planning division of PLN, PLN prefers constructing new transmission lines over
the reconductoring as an augmentation of capacity of transmission lines from Suralaya (Lama) power plant to
Gandul substation. On the other side, PLN understands that new construction would be difficult particularly in
densely populated areas in the region, for example around Jakarta, since it is easily expected to cost amount of
time and investment for the procedure of land acquisition etc.
(2) Q&A
There was one question to PLN from a participant in relation to (1) above. The participant was wondering why
PLN prioritized construction of new transmission lines although the presentation of the study team addressed that
reconductoring is more profitable project than new construction. PLN commented that reconductoring is a better
approach in a short and mid-term period (e.g. 10 years) but constructing new lines is more beneficial in a longer
period (e.g. 50 years) with the insight of Indonesians future economic growth.
And there was one question to the study team from a participant. The participant asked what happens in power
flows of this transmission lines in this region once power interruption is expected to occur before the start of
operation during the period when reconductoring work is being performed. The study team commented that they
could not answer the question based on the evidence as they did not perform the system analysis for the period of
reconductoring work, and they viewed that the power flow is possibly going to reduce suppressing power of
electricity generated from new power plants in West Java area RUPTL 2015 mentioned to be started their
operations from 2019 to 2020.
In consequence, the study team believe that the workshop was a great opportunity for the participants to
understand at certain level why the project is feasible.
Fin.
9-20
Format2
A list of non-approved secondary use
Title of Report: Feasibility Study of power supply upgrading in North West of Java
Island
Title of project: Study on Economic Partnership Projects in Developing Countries in
FY2015
Prepared by KPMG AZSA LLC
Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd.
Page
No.
4-1
Table 4-1
4-2
4-3
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-9
4-10
4-11
Figure 4-1
Table 4-2
Table 4-3
Figure 4-2
Figure 4-3
Figure 4-4
Table 4-4
Figure 4-7
Table 4-5
4-12
Table 4-6
4-12
Figure 4-8
4-14
4-15
4-16
4-21
4-22
Figure 4-9
Figure 4-10
Table 4-7
Figure 4-15
Figure 4-16
4-23
Figure 4-17
4-24
4-29
4-30
4-31
4-31
4-32
Figure 4-18
Figure 4-21
Table 4-10
Figure 4-22
Figure 4-23
Figure 4-24
4-32
Figure 4-25
4-33
4-33
4-34
4-34
5-26
5-27
5-29
5-30
5-32
5-33
5-34
5-35
Figure 4-26
Figure 4-27
Figure 4-28
Figure 4-29
Table 5-15
Figure 5-15
Table 5-16
Figure 5-17
Table 5-17
Figure 5-19
Table 5-18
Table 5-19
title
Generation expansion plan which affect the loading condition of the transmission line
between Suralaya(Lama) power plant and Gandul substation
Generation expansion plan in the north western region of Jawa-Bali grid
Transmission line projects in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta
Transmission line projects in Banten province
Latest generation expansion and transmission augmentation plans during 2016-2018
Latest generation expansion and transmission augmentation plans in 2019
Latest generation expansion and transmission augmentation plans in 2020
Supplydemand balance in Jawa-Bali power system for system analyses
Result of power flow analysis under N-0 condition
Results of N-1 contingency analyses
Results of N-1 contingency analyses with grid splitting between Kembangan and
Gandul
Result of power flow analysis under the one circuit outage of Lengkong Gandul
section
Result of the fault current analysis in 2020
Result of the fault current analysis in 2016
Substations and Power plants where the fault current exceeds 50 kA
Image of bus split at Gandul substation
Image of bus fault current flow under bus split configuration at Gandul substation
Grid configuration change from the loop to the radial by opening Kembangan-Gandul
transmission line
Busbar split operation at Balaraja substation
Fault locations for stability analyses
Results of system analyses
Suralaya(Lama)-Balaraja transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Suralaya end
Suralaya(Lama)-Cilegon transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Suralaya end
Cilegon-BogorX transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Cilegon end
Suralaya (Lama)-Suralaya Baru transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Suralaya
(Lama)
Suralaya Baru-Banten transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Suralaya Baru end
Banten-Bojonegara transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Banten end
Bojonegara-Balaraja transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Bojonegara end
Tanara-Balaraja transmission line #1 trip after a fault at Tanara end
Existing Facilities at Gandul SS
Single Line Diagram (Gandul S/S)
Existing Facilities at Balaraja SS
Single Line Diagram (Balaraja S/S)
Existing Facilities at Suralaya SS
Single Line Diagram (Suralaya S/S)
Rating of Existing and Newly Installed Circuit Breakers
Quantities of Substation Equipment to be Replaced and Rated Currents
9-21

Feasibility Study of Power Supply Upgrading in North West of Java Island

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Study on Economic Partnership Projects

in Developing Countries in FY2015

Feasibility Study of power supply upgrading

Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1-1

Needs and Background of the Project................................................................................................. 1-1

Outline of the Project .......................................................................................................................... 1-1

Required transmitting capacity ....................................................................................................... 1-1

Selection of the method to upgrade the transmission capacity ....................................................... 1-1

Selection of the type of HTLS ........................................................................................................ 1-3

Re-conductoring Work ................................................................................................................... 1-4

Total Project Cost ........................................................................................................................... 1-4

Content and Result of Economical Evaluation ................................................................................... 1-5

Content and Result of Financial Evaluation ....................................................................................... 1-6

Comparison between Reconductoring and New Transmission Line .................................................. 1-6

Environmental and Social Practicability ............................................................................................. 1-6

Project Implementation Schedule ....................................................................................................... 1-7

Advantages of Japanese Enterprises in Technologies ......................................................................... 1-7

Financing Options for the Project ....................................................................................................... 1-7

A Concrete Schedule and a Risk of Realization ................................................................................. 1-8

Project Implementation Map of West Jawa ........................................................................................ 1-8

Objective of the Study, Content and Methodology ................................................................ 2-1

Study Objective .................................................................................................................................. 2-1

Study Contents .................................................................................................................................... 2-1

Details of study contents ..................................................................................................................... 2-3

Implementation Schedule of the Study ............................................................................................... 2-5

Outline of the study area ..................................................................................................................... 3-1

Overall of Indonesian economic situation ...................................................................................... 3-1

The economic situation of Java northwestern area ......................................................................... 3-3

Demand ............................................................................................................................................... 3-5

Demand record ............................................................................................................................... 3-5

Demand forecast ............................................................................................................................. 3-5

Power generation development plan............................................................................................... 3-7

Transmission line projects in RUPTL 2015-2024 .......................................................................... 3-9

Review of the previous report ........................................................................................................... 3-11

Necessity study in the previous report in 2008............................................................................. 3-11

System Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 4-1

Conducted survey ............................................................................................................................... 4-1

Analysis condition .............................................................................................................................. 4-1

Target year ...................................................................................................................................... 4-1

Demand assumptions ...................................................................................................................... 4-7

Loading conditions of generators ................................................................................................... 4-7

Allowable voltage range ................................................................................................................. 4-9

Transmission line capacity ............................................................................................................. 4-9

Other conditions for the system analyses ....................................................................................... 4-9

Power flow analyses ......................................................................................................................... 4-10

Necessary capacity of reconductored transmission lines.............................................................. 4-13

Fault current analyses ....................................................................................................................... 4-13

Conditions for the fault current analyses ...................................................................................... 4-13

Result of fault current analysis ..................................................................................................... 4-13

Overview of the rsult of fault current analysis ............................................................................. 4-16

Measures against fault current problems .......................................................................................... 4-17

Stability analyses .............................................................................................................................. 4-29

Technical Feasibility of the Project ......................................................................................... 5-1

Scope of the Project ............................................................................................................................ 5-1

Transmission Line Project .................................................................................................................. 5-1

Selection of the Method to Upgrade the Transmission Capacity.................................................... 5-1

Selection of the Type of HTLS ....................................................................................................... 5-6

Evaluation of transmission losses ................................................................................................. 5-11

Re-conductoring Work to HTLS .................................................................................................. 5-12

Re-conductoring Costs ................................................................................................................. 5-19

Construction Schedule .................................................................................................................. 5-20

Points to be Considered for Stringing Work ................................................................................. 5-21