Major Project All

Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Govt. of M.P.
(Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi Prodyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal)
CERTIFICATE
This major project entitled DESIGNING OF 2BHK HOUSE submitted
by Gaurav Harwani, Nikhil Joshi, Mohit Vijayvargiya, Nikhil
Shivhare,
Rohit
lalwani
0702CE121014,
0702CE121036,0702CE121032.0702CE121037, 0702CE121047 is
approved for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in CE Department.
INTERNAL EXAMINER:
EXAMINER:
EXTERNAL
DATE.
DATE
Mandsaur Institute of Technology, Mandsaur

(M.P.)
Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Govt. of M.P.
(Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi Prodyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal)
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the present major project work DESIGNING OF
2BHK HOUSE is an original work carried out under the guidance of Mr.
Utpal Sharma, Lect., Mandsaur has been not submitted by me in part or
full to any University for any examination before. This work has been
carried out by me at the Mandsaur Institute of Technology during the
academic session 2015-2016.
Date:
It is a ground floor structure. Entire building

predominantly consists of Drawing-cum Dining
Hall, 2 bedroom, kitchen, drawing cum dining
room.
The proposed design has been to be successful
in taking into account the different principal of
planning like Aspect, Prospect, Privacy,
Elegancy, Furniture layout or arrangement,
Sanitation and Economy.
It is a ground floor structure, Consisting of
Column and beam Framed Structure. The

columns are subjected with isolated footing as
the bearing capacity at the site is good.
All the dead and live load calculated are
initially increased by a factor of safety 1.5 for
design load in limit state method of design.
The design of RCC structured House is
attempted by limit state theory. Two way slab is
designed by the method provided by IS 4562000.
In the design of 2BHK House, we consider all
the important points of building, we analyze
Demand of house, Location of plot, Building
bye laws, Arrangement of room design.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DEMAND OF HOUSES
3.
C
INTRODUCT
ION
1.INTRODUCTION
The basics needs of human existences
are food, clothings & shelter. From
times immemorial man has been
making efforts in improving their
standard of living. The point of his
efforts has been to provide an
economic and efficient shelter. The
possession of shelter besides being a
basic, used, gives a feeling of security,
responsibility and shown the social
status of man. Every human being has
an inherent liking for a peaceful
environment needed for his pleasant
living, this object is achieved by
having a place of living situated at the
safe and convenient location, such a
place for comfortable and pleasant
living requires considered and kept in
view.
A Peaceful environment.
Safety from all natural source &

climate conditions
. General facilities for community of
his residential area.
The engineer has to keep in mind the
municipal conditions, building bye
laws, environment, financial capacity,
water supply, sewage arrangement,
provision of future, aeration,
ventilation etc., in suggestion a
particular type of plan to any client.
2. DEMAND OF HOUSES
The house is the first unit of the
society and it is the primary unit of
human habitation. The house is built
to grant the protection against wind,
weathers, and to give insurance age
physical insecurity of all kinds. The
special features of the demand for
housing consist of in its unique nature
and depend following factors.
Availability of cheap finance.
Availability of skilled labors.
Availability of transport facility.
Cost of labors& material of
construction.
Predictions of future demand.
Rate of interest on investment e. g.,
low rates of interest with facilities of
long term payment may facilities
investment in housing.
Rate of population growth and
urbanization.
Supply of developed plots at
reasonable prices.
Taxation policy on real estates
Town planning& environmental
conditions.
3. CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
BASED ON OCCUPANCY
GROUP-A RESIDENSIAL BUILDINGS
GROUP-B EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
GROUP-C INSTITUTIONAL BULIDINGS
GROUP-D ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS
GROUP-E BUSINESS BUILDINGS
GROUP-F MERCANTILE BUILDINGS
GROUP-G INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
GROUP-H STORAGE BUILDINGS
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS:
These building include any building
in which sleeping accommodation
provide for normal residential

purposes, with or without cooking
and dining facilities. It includes
single or multifamily dwellings,
apartment houses, lodgings or
rooming houses, restaurants,
hostels, dormitories and residential
hostels.
EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS:
These include any building used for
school, college or day-care purposes
involving assembly for instruction,
education or recreation and which is
not covered by assembly buildings.
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS:
These buildings are used for
different purposes, such as medical
or other treatment or care of
persons suffering from physical or
mental illness, diseases or infirmity,
care of infants, convalescents or
aged persons and for penal
detention in which the liberty of
the inmates is restricted. Institutional
buildings ordinarily provide sleeping
accommodation for the occupants.
ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS:
These are the buildings where groups
of people meet or gather for
amusement, recreation, social,
religious, assembly halls, city halls,
marriage halls, exhibition halls,
museums, places of work ship, etc.
BUSINESS BUILDINGS:
These buildings are used for
transaction of business, for keeping of
accounts and records and for similar
purposes, offices, banks, professional
establishments, courts houses,
libraries. The principal function of
these buildings is transaction of public
business and keeping of books and
records.
MERCANTILE BUILDINGS:
These buildings are used as shops,
stores, market, for display an sale of
merchandise either wholesale or retail,
office, shops, storage service facilities
incidental to the sale of merchandise
And located in the same building.
INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS:
These are buildings where products or
materials of all kinds and properties

are fabrication, assembled,
manufactured or processed, as
assembly plant, laboratories, dry
cleaning plants, power plants,
pumping stations, smoke houses,
laundries etc.
STORAGE BUILDINGS:
These buildings are used primarily for
the storage or sheltering of goods,
wares or merchandise vehicles and
animals, as warehouses, cold storage,
garages, trucks.
HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS:
These buildings are used for the
storage, handling, manufacture or
processing of highly combustible or
explosive materials or products which
are liable to burn with extreme rapidly
and/or which may produce poisonous
elements for storage handling, acids
or other liquids or
Chemicals producing flames, fumes
and ex plosive, poisonous, irritant or
corrosive gases processing of any
material producing explosive mixtures
of dust which result in the division of
matter into fine particles subjected to
spontaneous ignition.
4. SELECTION OF PLOT AND STUDY
Selection of plot is very important for
buildings a house. Site should be in
good place where there community
but service is convenient but not so
closed that becomes a source of
inconvenience or noisy. The
conventional transportation is
important not only because of present
need but for retention of property
value in future closely related to are
transportation, shopping, facilities also
necessary. One should observe the
road condition whether there is
indication of future development or
not in case of un developed area.
The factor to be considered while
selecting the building site is as
follows: Access to park &play ground.
Agriculture polytonality of the land.
Availability of public utility services,
especially water, electricity & sewage
disposal.
Contour of land in relation the
building cost. Cost of land.

Distance from places of work.
Ease of drainage.
Location with respect to school,
collage & public buildings.
Nature of use of adjacent area.
Transport facilities.
5. SURVEY OF THE SITE FOR
PROPOSED BUILDING
Reconnaissance survey: the following
has been observed during
reconnaissance survey the site.
Site is located nearly.
The site is very clear planned
without ably dry grass and other
throne plats over the entire area.
No leveling is require since the land
is must uniformly level.
The ground is soft.
Labor available nearby the site.
Houses are located near by the site.
Detailed survey: the detailed survey
has been done to determine the
boundaries of the required areas of
the site with the help of theodolite and
compass.
6. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Requirement for residential
accommodation are different for
different classes of people & depends
on the income &status of the
individual a highly rich family with
require a luxurious building, while a
poor man we satisfied with a single
room house for even poor class family.
A standard residential building of
bungalow type with has drawing room,
dining room office room, guest room,
kitchen room, store, pantry, dressing
room, bath room, and front verandah,
Stair etc., for other house the number
of rooms may be reduced according to
the requirements of many available.
a) LIMITATION OF BUILT UP AREA
Area of plot up to 200sq.m (240sq.yd)
---- maximum permissible built up
area
Ground and first ---- 60% of site area
on floor only.
201 to 500sq.m (241to 600sq.yd) ---50% of the site area.
501 to 1000sq.m (601 to 1200sq.yd)
---- 40% of the site area

More than 1000sq.m
33% of the site area.
----
b) MINIMUM FLOOR AREA &

HEIGHT OF ROOMS
FLOOR AREA HIEGHT (m)
LIVING 10sqm (100sqft)
(Breadth min 2.7 m or 9) 3.3 (11)
KITCHEN 6sqm (60sqft)3.0 (10)
BATH 2sqm (20sqft) 2.7 (9)
LATTRINE 1.6sqm (16sqft) 2.7 (9)
BATH & WATER CLOSET 3.6sqm
(36sqft)2.7 (9)
SERVANT ROOM 10sqm (100sqft) 3.0
(10)
GARAGE 2.5*4.8 m (8*16) 3.0 (10)
MIN. HIEGHT OF PLINTH
FOR MAIN BUILDING ------- 0.6 (2)
MIN. HIEGHT OF PLINTH FOR
SERVANT QUARTES ------- 0.3 (1)
MIN. DEPTH OF FOUNDATION ------- 0.9
(3)
THICKNESS OF WALL 20cms to 30cms
-----(9 to13.5)
DAMP PROOF COURSE 2cms to 2.5cms
thick full width of
(3/4 to1) plinth wall
7. BUILDING BYE LAWS &
REGULATIONS
Line of building frontage and
minimum plot sizes.
Open spaces around residential
building.
Minimum standard dimensions of
building elements.
Provisions for lighting and
ventilation.
Provisions for safety from explosion.
Provisions for means of access.
Provisions for drainage and
sanitation.
Provisions for safety of works against
hazards.
Requirements for off-street parking
spaces.
Requirements for landscaping.
Special requirements for low income
housing.
Size of structural elements.
8. ARRANGEMENT OF ROOMS
LIVING ROOM
KITCHEN
STORE ROOM
BED ROOM
OFFICE ROOM
BATH& W C
DRESSING ROOM
VERANDAH
STAIR CASE
LIVING ROOMS:
This is the area is for general use.
Hence the living & drawing room
should be planned near the entrance
south east aspects. During colder day
the sun is towards the south & will
receive sunshine which is a welcoming
feature. During summer sunshine it
the northern side & entry of sunrays
from southern or south east aspects
do not arise.
KITCHEN:
Eastern aspects to admit morning sun
to refresh & purity the air.
READING ROOM/ CLASS ROOM:
North aspects this makes more
suitable since there will be no sun
from north side for most part of the
year.
BED ROOM:
Bed may also be provided with
attached toilets, there size depends
upon the number of beds, they should
be located so as to give privacy &
should accommodate beds, chair,
cupboard, etc., and they should have
north or west south west aspect.
BATH & W.C:
Bath and w.c. are usually combined in
one room & attached to the bed room
and should be well finished. This
should be filled with bath tub, shower,
wash-hand basin, w.c, shelves, towels,
racks brackets, etc., all of white glazed
tiles. Floor should be mosaic or white
glazed files. Instead of providing all
bed room with attached bath and W.C
separated baths & latrines ma y also
be provided
VERANDAH:
There should verandah in the front as
well as in the rear. The front verandah

serves setting place for male members
& weighting place for visitors. The
back verandah serve a ladies
apartment for their sitting, working
controlling, kitchen works etc.,
verandah project the room against
direct sun, rain & weather effect. They
used as sleeping place during the
summer and rainy season & are used
to keep various things verandah also
give appearance to the building. The
area of a building may vary from 10%
to 20% of the building.
STAIR CASE:
This should be located in a easily
accessible to all members of the
family, when this is intended for
visitors it should be in the front, may
be on one side of verandah. It meant
for family use only, the staircase
should be placed the rear. The stairs
case should be well ventilated &
lighted threads should be uniform
through to keep rhythm while climbing
or descending. Some helpful points
regarding the orientation of a building
are as follows: Long wall of the building should
face north south, short wall should
face.
East and west because if the long
walls are provided in east facing, the
wall.
Absorb more heat of sun which
causes discomfort during night.
A verandah or balcony can be
provided to wards east & west to keep
the rooms cool.
To prevent suns rays &rain from
entering a room through external
doors & windows
Sunshades are required in all
directions.
ORIENTATION
After having selected the site, the next
step is proper orientation of building.
Orientation means proper placement
of rooms in relation to sun, wind, rain,
topography and outlook and at the
Same time providing a convenient
access both to the street and back
yard.
The factors that affect orientation
most are as follows.
Solar heat
Wind direction
Humidity
Rain fall
Intensity of wind site condition
Lightings and ventilation
SOLAR HEAT:
Solar heat means suns heat; the
building should receive maximum
solar radiation in winter and minimum
in summer. For evaluation of solar
radiation, it is essential to know the
duration of sunshine and hourly solar
intensity on exposed surfaces.
WIND DIRECTION:
The winds in winter are avoided and
are in summer, they are accepted in
the house to the maximum extent.
HUMIDITY:
High humidity which is common
phenomenon is in coastal areas,
causes perspiration, which is very
uncomfortable condition from the
human body and causes more
discomfort.
RAIN FALL:
Direction and intensity of rainfall
affects the drainage of the site and
building and hence, it is very
important from orientation point of
view.
INTENSITY OF WIND:
Intensity of wind in hilly regions is high
and as such window openings of
comparatively small size are
recommended in such regions.
SITE CONDITIONS:
Location of site in rural areas,
suburban areas or urban areas also
effects orientation, sometimes to
achieve maximum benefits, the
building has to be oriented in a
particular direction.
LIGHTING:
Good lighting is necessary for all
buildings and three primary aims. The
first is to promote the work or other
activities carried on within the
building.The second is to promote the
safety of people using the buildings.
The third is to create, in conjunction to

interest and of well beings.
VENTILATION:
Ventilation may be defined as the
system of supplying or removing air by
natural or mechanical mean or from
any enclosed space to create and
maintain comfortable conditions.
Operation of building and location to
windows helps in providing proper
ventilation. A sensation of comfort,
reduction in humidity, removal of heat,
supply of oxygen is the basic
requirements inVentilation apart from
reduction of dust.
DESIGNS
DESIGNS
DESIGN OF SLABS
LOADS ON BEAMS
DESIGN OF BEAMS
LOADS OF COLUMNS
DESIGN OF COLOUMNS
DESIGN OF FOOTINGS
9. DESIGN OF SLAB
Slabs are to be designed under limit
state method by reference of IS
456:2000.
When the slabs are supported in two
way direction it acts as two way
supported slab.
A two way slab is economical
compared to one way slab.
SLAB DESIGN:
fck =20 N/mm2 fy =415 N/m2
Span
() Shorter span: - Lx = 4.55M
Longer span:-Ly =4.85m
ii. Check
Ly/Lx= 4.85/4.55 =1.065<2
Hence
the slab has to be designed as
two way slab.
iii. Providing over all depth of slab as ,
120 mm
Eff. depth= D-15-/2
=120-15-10/2=100mm
iv. Condition: -supported on four
sides.
v. Load calculation:Dead load= 25x0.12x1 = 3.0KN/m
Live load =2x1 = 2.0KN/m
Floor finish =1x1 = 1x1KN/m
Total load = 6.0 KN/m

vi. Bending moment calculation: - (as
per IS code 456-2000)
Type of panel:- Two adjacent edges are
discontinuous
ax (+) = 0.035
a x (-) =
0.047
ay (+) = 0.035
a y (-) =
0.047
(+ve) B.M at mid span in shorter
directions.
Mx(+) = ax(+)wlx2
= 0.035x6x4.55^2= 4.347kn-m
Factored B.M = 4.347x1.5 =6.52kn-m
(-ve) B.M at continuous edge in
shorter direction.
Mx(-) =ax (-) wlx2
=0.047x6x (4.55) ^2
=5.838kn-m
Factored B.M = 5.838x1.5=8.75kn-m
(+ve) B.M at mid span in longer
directions.
My (+) = ay(+)wlx2 2
= 0.035x6x(4.85)^
=4.939kn-m
Factored B.M=4.939x1.5
=7.4kn-m
(-ve) B.M at continuous edge in longer
direction.
My (-ve) = ay (-ve)wlx2
=0.047x6x(4.85) ^2
=6.633kn-m
=9.95kn-m.
Check for depth:
Permissible depth=100mm
Mu.lim =0.36.Xumax/d(10.42Xumax/d)fckbd^2
7.4x10^6= 0.36.Xumax (10.42x0.48)20x1000d^2
d= 57.76
d= 57.76< 100mm
Hence ok.
Area of steel
Mu=0.87xfyxAstxd(1-Ast.fy/fck.Bd)
7.4x10^6=0.87x415xAstx100(1-Ast x
415/1000x100x20)
Ast=214.49mm^2
Spacing=(Area of one bar/Area of
steel)x1000
Providing 10mm dia. bar
=(/4x(10) ^2/214.49)x1000
=365.98= 300mm
Area of distribution bar
Ast=0.12%xBD
=0.12x1000x120
=144mm2
Spacing=(/4x(8) ^2/144)x1000
=348=350mm
Design for torosional
reinforcement
Area of steel required for torosional
moment at the corner in the form of
mesh will be given by
Ast= x of maximum of Ast at mid
span
=3/4x214.49
mm2
2
=160mm
If we use 8 mm dia.2 Bar
Spacing = (/4x (8) /160) x 1000
= 314mm
Hence provide 8 mm dia. bar @
300mm c/c
Size of mesh
(1/5).lx X (1/5).lx = (1/5)x 4.55 X (1/5) x
4.55
= 0.8281m
Size of mesh
(1/5).lx X (1/5).lx/2 = (1/5)x 4.55 X
(1/5) x 4.55/2
=0.41m
Check for deflection
L/d=26
We know that according to is code
(l/d) max = f1 xf2 x f3 x basic value of
deflection
Also f2=f3=1
For f1 = fs =0.58 x fy (Ast (req)/Ast(provide))
= 0.58 x 415 x (214/261.67)
Fs=197.30
% of steel = Ast(provide) / BxD
= 261.6/1000x100
=0.26%
Modification factor = 2(approx)
(l/d) max = 2x1x1x26
=54
(l/d) provided = (4550/100) = 45.50
Since (l/d) provided< (l/d) max
Hence ok
SLAB DESIGN:
fck=20 N/mm2 fy =415 N/m2
Span
I. Shorter span: - Lx = 4.3M
Longer span:-Ly =4.55m
ii. Check
Ly/Lx= 4.55/4.3 =1.05<2
Hence
the slab has to be designed as
two way slab.
iii. Providing over all depth of slab as,
120 mm
Eff. depth= D-15-/2
=120-15-10/2=100mm
iv. Condition: - supported on four
sides.
v. Load calculation:Dead load = 25x0.12x1 = 3.0KN/m
Live load =2x1 = 2.0KN/m
Floor finish =1x1 = 1 x1KN/m
Total load
= 6.0 KN/m
vi. Bending moment calculation: (as per IS code 456-2000)
Type of panel:- one short edge is
discontinuous
ax(+) = 0.028
a x (-) =
0.037
ay (+) = 0.028
a y (-) =
0.037
(+ve) B.M at mid span in shorter
directions.
Mx(+) = ax (+)wlx2
= 0.028x6x4.3^2= 3.106kn-m
Factored B.M = 3.106x1.5 =4.65kn-m
(-ve) B.M at continuous edge in
shorter direction.
Mx(-) =ax (-) wlx2
=0.037x6x(4.3)^2
=4.10kn-m
Factored B.M = 4.10x1.5=6.15kn-m
(+ve) B.M at mid span in longer
directions.
My (+)= ay(+)wlx2
= 0.028x6x(4.55)^2
=3.47kn-m
=5.21kn-m
(-ve) B.M at continuous edge in longer
direction.
My(-ve) = ay (-ve)wlx2
=0.037x6x(4.55)^2
=4.6kn-m
=6.9kn-m.
Check for depth:
Permissible depth=100mm
Mu.lim =0.36.Xumax/d(10.42Xumax/d)fckbd^2
5.21x10^6= 0.36.Xumax (10.42x0.48)20x1000d^2
d= 40.36
d= 40.36< 100mm
Hence ok.
Area of steel
Mu=0.87xfyxAstxd(1-Ast.fy/fck.Bd)
5.21x10^6=0.87x415xAstx100(1-Ast x
415/1000x100x20)
Ast=148mm^2
Spacing=(Area of one bar/Area of
steel)x1000
=(/4 x (10) ^2/148) x1000
=530
Provide 10mm dia. @ 300mm c/c
Area of distribution bar
Ast=0.12%xBD
=0.12x1000x120
=144mm2
Spacing=(/4x(8) ^2/144)x1000
=348=350mm
Design for torosional
reinforcement
Area of steel required for torosional
moment at the corner in the form of
mesh will be given by
Ast= 3/4x of maximum of Ast at mid
span
= x148 2mm2
= 111mm
If we use 8 mm dia.2 Bar
Spacing = (/4x (8) /111) x 1000
= 452mm
Hence provide 8 mm dia. bar @
300mm c/c
Size of mesh
(1/5).lx X (1/5).lx = (1/5)x 4.3 X (1/5) x
4.3
= 0.7396m
Size of mesh
(1/5).lx X (1/5).lx/2 = (1/5)x 4.3 X (1/5)
x 4.3/2
=0.3698m
Check for deflection
L/d=26
We know that according to is code
(l/d) max = f1 xf2 x f3 x basic value of
deflection
Also f2=f3=1
For f1 = fs =0.58 x fy (Ast (req)/Ast(provide))
= 0.58 x 415 x (148/167.47)
fs=212.72
% of steel =Ast(provide) / BxD
= 167.47/1000x100
=0.2%
Modification factor = 1.8(approx)
(l/d) max = 2x1x1x26
=46.8
(l/d) provided= (4300/100) = 43
Since (l/d) provided< (l/d) max
Hence ok
BEAM
Beam is a member which transfers the
loads from slab to columns and then
foundation to soil.
Beam is a tension member.
Span of slabs, which decide the
spacing of beams
Following are the loads which are
acting on the beams.
Dead load
Live load
Wind load
10. DESIGN OF BEAM
Beam mark: - B1
Beam dimension: -according to
IS456: 2000 defection criteria
L/d = 23
Assume Ptlim = .96%
Modification factor = 1
4550/d=26
D=197mm (min effective depth)
According to IS456:2000 bending
criteria for LSM
D=l/15, (l=4550) =303mm
Let we have d=300mm
Nominal cover = 25 mm
Stirrups = 8mm dia.
Assume main bar=12mm dia.
Effective cover = 39mm
D=300-39=261mm
D=1.5b
B=200mm
Effective length of beam
leff=l+d= 4550+ 261
leff=4811mm
STEP 2
Computation of bending moment
and shear force
Applied moment (ma)= 13.47 kn-m
Self weight of the beam=.2x.3x25
=1.5kn
Moment
consider by self weight
Mw=wl2/8 2
=1.5x4.81 /8
=4.34 kn-m
Total moment = 13.47+4.34=17.81
kn-m
Factor moment
(mu)=1.5x17.81=26.76kn-m
Step-3
Design reinforcement
Area of steel of main reinforcement
Ast=0.5xfck/fy[1- (1-4.6mu/fckbd2) ^1/2 x
bd
Ast=327mm2
Using 12 mm dia. bar
No. of bars = 327/113..09
= 2.89 3
Provide 3 12 mm dia. bar
Bent up 1-12mm dia. bar at a distance
lx/5= .9m
STEP -4
Check for shear
Nominal shear stress

Tv=Vu/bxd
Vu=wl2/2
Tv=0.284
% of steel = (Ast/bd) x 100=0.626
According to value of % steel =
0.626
We determine design shear
strength of concrete Tc by using
table 19 of IS code show in table
Our value is between
% steel
T c (for
M20 concrete)
0.5
0.48
0.75
0.56
With the help of interpolation we
can derive the value of Tc
Hence, TC=0.424 app.
Using table 20 of IS code show in
table 3.2
TC MAX = 2.8 for M20 concrete
Tc>TV
Spacing = 2.175 x Ast x fy/b
Using 8 mm dia. stirrups 2 legged
= 2.175 x 100.48 x 415 / 200
=453 mm
= 0.75 x d
= 300mm
Provide 8 mm dia. 2 legged
stirrups @ 190 mm c/c at support
and at mid spacing will be 300
mm c/c
STEP 5
Development length check
Ld= 0.87 fy / 4 x tbd
Ld= 47 = 564 mm
LD (1.3 M1/ V1) + L0
X1 = 0.87 fy Ast / 0.36 fck b
X1 = 56.70 mm
M1= 0.87 fy Ast, (d-0.416X1)
M1 = 19387335.6 n-mm
V1 =14830 n-mm
By using above equation
LD< 1850 mm
HENCE SAFE
DESIGN OF BEAM
Beam mark: - B2
L/d = 23
Assume Ptlim = .96%
4550/d=26
criteria for LSM
D=l/15, (l=4550) =303mm
Let we have d=300mm
Stirrups = 8mm dia.
D=300-39=261mm
D=1.5b
b=200mm
leff= l+d= 4550+ 261
leff=4811mm
Step 2
and shear force
=1.5kn
Moment
Mw=wl2/8 2
=1.5x4.81 /8
=4.34 kn-m
Total moment = 27.94+4.34=32.28
kn-m
Factor moment (mu)
=1.5x32.28=48.42kn-m
Step-3
Ast=0.5xfck/fy [1- (1-4.6mu/fckbd2) ^1/2
x bd
Ast=410mm2
No. of bars = 327/113..09
= 3.62 4 bars
lx/5= .9m
STEP -4
Check for shear
Tv=Vu/bxd
Vu=wl2/2
Tv=0.213
% of steel = (Ast/bd) x 100=0.785
0.785
% steel
T c (for
M20 concrete)
0.75
0.56
1.0
0.62
Hence, TC=0.61 app.
table 3.2
Tc>TV
= 2.175 x 100.48 x 415 / 200
=453 mm
= 0.75 x d
= 300mm
mm c/c
STEP 5
Ld= 0.87 fy / 4 x tbd
Ld= 47 = 564 mm
LD (1.3 M1/ V1) + L0
X1 = 0.87 fy Ast / 0.36 fck b
X1 = 56.70 mm
M1= 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.416X1
M1 = 19387335.6 n-mm
V1 =11160 n-mm
By using above equiv.
LD<2408 mm
HENCE SAFE
DESIGN OF BEAM
Beam mark: - B3
L/d = 23
Assume Ptlim = .96%
4850/d=23
criteria for LSM
D=l/15, (l=4850) =323mm
Let we have d=320mm
Stirrups = 8mm dia.
D=320-39=281mm
D=1.5b
b=200mm
leff= l+d= 4850+ 281
leff=5131mm
Step 2
and shear force
=1.6kn
Moment
Mw=wl2/8 2
=1.5x4.81 /8
=5.2 kn-m
Total moment = 16.75+5.2=22.01 knm
Factor moment (mu)
=1.5x22.01=33.02kn-m
Step-3
Ast=0.5xfck/fy[1- (1-4.6mu/fckbd2) ^1/2
x bd
Ast=378mm2
No. of bars = 378/113..09
= 3.34 4
lx/5= 1m
STEP -4
Check for shear
Tv=Vu/bxd
Vu=wl2/2
Tv=0.305
% of steel = (Ast/bd) x 100=0.67
0.67
% steel
T c (for
M20 concrete)
0.5
0.48
0.75
0.56
Hence,TC=0.505 app.
table 3.2
Tc>TV
= 2.175 x 100.48 x 415 / 200
=453 mm
= 0.75 x d
= 300mm
mm c/c
STEP 5
Ld= 0.87 fy / 4 x tbd
Ld= 47 = 564 mm
LD (1.3 M1/ V1) + L0
X1 = 0.87 fy Ast / 0.36 fck b
X1 = 56.70 mm
M1= 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.416X1)
M1 = 19387335.6 n-mm
V1 =17180 n-mm
LD<1618 mm
HENCE SAFE
DESIGN OF BEAM
Beam mark: - B4
Beam dimension: -according
toIS456: 2000 defection criteria
L/d = 23
Assume Ptlim = .96%
4850/d=23
criteria for LSM
D=l/15, (l=4850) =323mm
Let we have d=320mm
Stirrups = 8mm dia.

D=320-39=281mm
D=1.5b
b=200mm
leff= l+d= 4850+ 281
leff=5131mm
Step 2
and shear force
Applied moment (ma)= 33.52kn-m
=1.6kn
Moment
Mw=wl2/8 2
=1.5x4.81 /8
=5.2 kn-m
Total moment = 33.52+5.2=38.72knm
Factor moment (mu) =1.5x38.72=
58.08 kn-m
Step-3
Ast=0.5xfck/fy [1- (1-4.6mu/fckbd2) ^1/2 x
bd
Ast=822mm2
No. of bars = 822/113..09
= 7.26 8
lx/5= 1m
STEP -4
Check for shear
Tv=Vu/bxd
Vu=wl2/2
Tv=0.53
1.46

% steel
T c (for
M20 concrete)
1.25
0.67
1.50 0.72
Hence,TC=0.67 app.
table 3.2
Tc>TV
= 2.175 x 100.48 x 415 / 200
=453 mm
= 0.75 x d
= 300mm
mm c/c
STEP 5
Ld= 0.87 fy / 4 x tbd
Ld= 47 = 564 mm
LD (1.3 M1/ V1) + L0
X1 = 0.87 fy Ast / 0.36 fck b
X1 = 113.4 mm
M1= 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.416X1)

M1 = 63509209.14n-mm
V1 =30170 n-m
LD<2886mm
HENCE SAFE
DESIGN OF BEAM
Beam mark: - B5
L/d = 23
Assume Ptlim = .96%
4330/d=23
D=186.96mm (min effective depth)
criteria for LSM
D=l/15, (l=4330) =286mm
Let we have d=300mm
Stirrups = 8mm dia.
D=300-39=261mm
D=1.5b
b=200mm
leff= l+d= 4330+ 261
leff=4561mm
Step 2
and shear force
Applied moment (ma)= 11.88kn-m
=1.6kn
Moment
Mw=wl2/8 2
=1.5x4.81 /8
=3.9kn-m
Total moment = 11.88+3.9=15.78knm
Factor moment (mu)
=1.5x15.78=23.67kn-m
Step-3

x bd
Ast=283mm2
No. of bars = 283/113..09
= 2.50 3
lx/5= 0.9m
STEP -4
Check for shear
Tv=Vu/bxd
Vu=wl2/2
Tv=0.265
0.54
% steel
T c (for
M20 concrete)
0.5
0.48
0.75
0.56
Hence,TC=0.505 app.
table 3.2
Tc>TV
= 2.175 x 100.48 x 415 / 200
=453 mm
= 0.75 x d
= 300mm
mm c/c
STEP 5
Ld= 0.87 fy / 4 x tbd
Ld= 47 = 564 mm
LD (1.3 M1/ V1) + L0
X1 = 0.87 fy Ast / 0.36 fck b
X1 = 28.34 mm
M1= 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.416X1)
M1 = 25463624.6 n-mm
V1 =13840 n-mm
LD<2541 mm
HENCE SAFE
DESIGN OF BEAM
Beam mark: - B6
L/d = 23
Assume Ptlim = .96%
4330/d=23
D=186.96mm (min effective depth)
criteria for LSM
D=l/15, (l=4330) =286mm
Let we have d=300mm
Stirrups = 8mm dia.

D=300-39=261mm
D=1.5b
b=200mm
leff= l+d= 4330+ 261
leff=4561mm
Step 2
and shear force
=1.6kn
Moment
Mw=wl2/8 2
=1.5x4.81 /8
=3.9 kn-m
Total moment = 24.5+3.9=28.4 kn-m
Factor moment (mu) =1.5x28.4=
42.6kn-m
Step-3
x bd
Ast=591mm2
No. of bars = 591/113..09
= 5.22 6
lx/5= 0.9m
STEP -4
Check for shear
Tv=Vu/bxd
Vu=wl2/2
Tv=0.42
% of steel = (Ast/bd) x 100=1.132
1.132

% steel
T c (for
M20 concrete)
1.0
0.62
1.25
0.67
Hence,TC=0.64 app.
table 3.2
Tc>TV
= 2.175 x 100.48 x 415 / 200
=453 mm
= 0.75 x d
= 300mm
mm c/c
STEP 5
Ld= 0.87 fy / 4 x tbd
Ld= 47 = 564 mm
LD (1.3 M1/ V1) + L0
X1 = 0.87 fy Ast / 0.36 fck b
X1 = 85.02 mm
M1= 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.416X1)

M1 = 48145411.98 n-mm
V1 =22140n-mm
LD<2976 mm
HENCE SAFE
11. DESIGN OF COLUMNS

Columns are compression members.
Larger spacing columns cause
stocking columns in lower stores of
multi storied
Buildings.
Columns are transmitted loads which
are coming from slabs to foundations.
Larger spans of beams shall also be
avoided from the consideration of
controlling t he deflection &cracking.
Column mark: c1
Section:-300 x 300
Condition: - axial load and biaxial
bending
Total axial load: - applied max load
= 81 KN
Self weight w = .3x.3x4.7x25=10.57
KN
Wu = 1.5x10.57 = 16 KN
Total load = 16+81=97kn
Area of 2steel: - using
4-12 m dia. Bar
Asc = r =452 mm2
Bending axis: Bending about x axis
Leff = 4700mm
Leff/d = 4700/300=15.6712
(hence slender column)
Moment muxKN m
Beammark: - b3
Section: - 200x300 mm
Cross section: - rectangular
Wu= 6.80 KN m
L =4.85 m
Mfx = wul2/24
= 6.67 KN m
Kbx =Ibx/LX
=186 mm3
Kcx= ICX/ LCX
=287 mm3
Kcx+ kb / 2 = 380mm3
Dc =kcx/kcx + kbx /2
= 0.75 mm
M col =Mux = dc x Mfx = 5.0 KN m
Mix = 0.6Mux+ 0.4mu
= (0.6 x 5.0) +0 = 3.00 kn-m
ex min = 20 mm
Muxmin = Pu x 0.02= 1.94 kn-m
Revised Mux = 3.0 kn-m
Puz = 0.45 fck Ag + (0.75 fy- 0.45
fck)Asc
=943 KN
Pubx = 0.3 fckbd x 7/11
= 330 KN
K = Puz Pu/ Puz Pubx
= 1.38
Max = Pu D / 2000 x (leff/D) 2 X K
= 4.92 =5 KN APP
Mux = 3+5 =8 kn-m
Murx
For (d/D) = (60/300)
d/D Pu/fckb Pt/fckbd Mu/f
ckbd chart
2
d
0.2 0.066 0.0251 .053
46
Murx = fck bd2x 0.053
= 28.62 kn-m
I.e. Murx>Mux (hence safe)
(b)BendingLeff = 4700mm
Leff/d = 4700/300=15.6712
Moment Mux KN m
Beam mark: - b1
Wu= 5.88 KN m
L =4.55 m
Mfx = wul2/24
= 5.07 KN m
KbY = Ibx/LY
=197 mm3
KcY= ICY/ LCY
=287 mm3
KcY+ kb / 2 = 386mm3
Dc =kcY/kcY + kbY /2
= 0.74 mm
M col =MuY = dc x Mfx = 3.76 KN m
Mix = 0.6MuY+ 0.4mu
= (0.6 x 5.0) +0 = 2.26kn-m
eY min = 20 mm
MuYmin = Pu x 0.02= 1.94 kn-m
Revised Muy = 2.26 kn-m
Puz = 0.45 fck Ag + (0.75 fy- 0.45
fck)Asc
=943 KN
Puby = 0.3 fckbd x 7/11
= 330 KN
K = Puz Pu/ Puz Puby
= 1.38
May = Pu D / 2000 x (leff/D) 2 X K
= 4.92 =5 KN APP
Muy= 2.26+5 =7.26 kn-m

Mury
For (d/D) = (60/300)
ckbd chart
2
d
0.2 0.066 0.0251 .053
46
Mury = fck bd2x 0.053
= 28.62 kn-m
I.e. Mury>muy (hence safe)
= 2/3{1+5 x Pu / 2x Puz}
= 0.871 1
[Mux / Murx] + [ Muy / Mury] 1
= 0.66 1 (hence safe)
Provide 4-12 mm dia. bar at
corners and 6 mm dia. Stirrups
@ 190 mm c/c
Column mark: c2
Section:-300 x 300
Condition: - axial load and Uniaxial
bending
= 81 KN
KN
Wu = 1.5x10.57 = 16 KN

4-12 m dia. Bar
Asc = r =452 mm2
Leff = 4700mm
Leff/d = 4700/300=15.6712
Moment Mux KN m
Beam mark: - b3
Wu= 6.80 KN m
L =4.85 m
Mfx = wul2/24
= 6.67 KN m
Kbx = Ibx/LX
=186 mm3
Kcx= ICX/ LCX
=287 mm3
Kcx+ kb / 2 = 380mm3
Dc =kcx/kcx + kbx /2
= 0.75 mm
M col =Mux = dc x Mfx = 5.0 KN m
Mix = 0.6Mux+ 0.4mu
= (0.6 x 5.0) +0 = 3.00 kn-m
ex min = 20 mm
Muxmin = Pu x 0.02= 1.94 kn-m
Revised Mux = 3.0 kn-m
Puz = 0.45 fck Ag + (0.75 fy- 0.45
fck)Asc
=943 KN
Pubx = 0.3 fckbd x 7/11
= 330 KN
= 1.38
Max = Pu D / 2000 x (leff/D) 2 X K
= 4.92 =5 KN APP
Mux = 3+5 =8 kn-m
Murx
For (d/D) = (60/300)
ckbd chart
2
d
0.2 0.066 0.0251 .053
46
= 28.62 kn-m
I.e. Murx> mux (hence safe)
(b) Bending Leff = 4700mm
Leff/d = 4700/300=15.6712
Moment Mux KN m
Beam mark: - b1
Wu= 5.88 KN m
L =4.55 m
Mfx = wul2/24
= 5.07 KN m
KbY = Ibx/LY
=197 mm3
KcY= ICY/ LCY
=287 mm3
KcY+ kb / 2 = 386mm3
Dc =kcY/kcY + kbY /2
= 0.74 mm
M col =MuY = dc x Mfx = 3.76 KN m
Mix = 0.6MuY+ 0.4mu
= (0.6 x 5.0) +0 = 2.26kn-m
eY min = 20 mm
MuYmin = Pu x 0.02= 1.94 kn-m
Revised Muy = 2.26 kn-m
Puz = 0.45 fck Ag + (0.75 fy- 0.45
fck)Asc
=943 KN
Puby = 0.3 fckbd x 7/11
= 330 KN
K = Puz Pu/ Puz Puby
= 1.38
May = Pu D / 2000 x (leff/D) 2 X K
= 4.92 =5 KN APP
Muy= 2.26+5 =7.26 kn-m
Mury
For (d/D) = (60/300)
d/D Pu/fckb
d
0.2 0.066
Pt/fckbd Mu/f
ckbd chart
2
0.0251 .053
46
Mury = fck bd2x 0.053

= 28.62 kn-m
I.e. Mury>Muy (hence safe)
= 2/3{1+5 x Pu / 2x Puz}
= 0.871 1
[Mux / Murx] + [Muy / Mury] 1
= 0.66 1 (hence safe)
Provide 4-12 mm dia. bar at
corners and 6 mm dia. Stirrups
@ 190 mm c/c
Column mark: c3
Section:-300 x 300
Condition: - axially loaded
= 289 KN
KN
Wu = 1.5x10.57 = 16 KN
6-12 m dia. Bar
Asc = r =678 mm2
Leff = 4700mm
Leff/d = 4700/300=15.6712
Mu1= Mu2=0
exmin= (l/500+d/30)
=19.4220
ex min = 20 mm
Muxmin = Pu x 0.02= 6.1kn-m
Revised Mux = 6.1kn-m
Puz = 0.45 fck Ag + (0.75 fy- 0.45
fck)Asc
=1009 KN
From 1st principle
emax = 0.0035
emax = 0.002 at tension steel
Xu =152.73
d=48+/2+6
=60 mm
d=240 mm
Pub =Puc +Pus
Puc= 0.3 fckbd x 7/11
= 330 KN
Pus = (fs1-fck) x As1 + (fs2 x As2)
1=0.00213
2=0.002
fs1=332.51N/mm2
fs2=327.74N/mm2
AS1=678/2=339mm2
Pus =217
Pub = 547
Using design aids
= 1.5
May= Pu D / 2000 x (leff/D) 2 X K
=16.67KN
Total moment in equivalent short.
Muf = Mi + May
Mux = 6.1 + 16.67=22.77 kn-m
Murx
For (d/D) = (60/300)
d/D Pu/fckbd Pt/fckbd Mu/fckbd2 chart
0.2
0.19
0.037
.087
46

= 46.98kn-m
I.e. Murx>Mux (hence safe)
Provide 6 -12 mm dia. Bar at
corners and 6 m dia. stirrups @ 190
mm c/c
12. SQUARE FOOTING

Live load of column = 350kn
Bearing capacity of soil is = 120kn/m2
Assume self weight of beam = 10%
W = 35KN
Here
Area = total load / safe bearing
capacity
A= w+w/ q0
Size of square footing = (3.21)1/2
=1.8
Provide a square footing of size 1.8 x
1.8 m
For upward soil pressure:Net upward soil pressure = p0
P0 = ultimate load2 / area
P0 = 1.5 x w / 1.8
P0 = 162 KN/m2
Step 2
Design constant and limiting depth of
neutral axis 2
Fck = 20N/mm
XU/D = 0.479
Ru =2.761
Step 3
Effective depth from bending point of
view:M=P0u x B x6 (B-b)2/B
M=82 x 10 N/mm2
D= (M/RU x B)
=128 mm (effective depth)
STEP 4
CHECK FOR SHEAR
Ultimate shear = Vu
VU= p0u x B x [(B-b/2)-d]=
Vu=181.38 KN
v= ultimate load2 / area
v= 0.787 N/mm
Using 12 mm dia. bar and 60 mm clear

cover
Total depth will be available
D= d+/2+c
D= 128+6+60
D = 194MM200mm
Hence k = 1.2, 2assuming pt = 0.5 %
c= 0.48 N/mm
0.787>1.2 x .48
0.787>0.576
Here, v= kc
STEP 5
Check for 2 way shear
bO = b+d
bo= 300+128
= 428mm
S.F. around section
Fu = Pou x(B2-b02)
Fu= 495.2KN
v=fu/ 4xbo xd
v=2.261 KN/mm2
c=.25(fck)
=1.118N/mm2
v>c
Hence section is not safe in to way
shear
Assuming v= c
1.118=495.2x1000/4x(300+d)x d
On solving above equation
d=215mm
d=215+60+6
=281mm290
d=224
Let us take this depth for one way
shear
v=Vu/bd 2
=.45N/mm
K=1, assuming,
pt=0.5%
c=.48N/ mm2
.48>.45
v< k c(safe)
Step 6
Steel reinforcement
Effective depth in one direction
=224mm
Effective depth in other
direction=212mm
So from,
2
Astx=.5fck/fy[1-(1-4.6xMu/fckbd
)]xbd
2
=1143mm
Using 12mm dia.
No of steel bars= Ast/A

=1143/113.1
=10.1
Provide 10, 12 mm dia. Bars uniformly
distributed in each direction.
Step 7
Check for development length
LD=47
=576mm
Providing 60mmside cover, length
available
=1/2[B-b]-60
=690mm
690>594
Hence design is ok
References
Design of multistory building- Dr. V
L shah and S R karve
Rcc designing- B.C Pumia by Laxmi
publication
Plain and reinforcement concreteRamamrutham by Dhanpati Rai
Publication
IS 456-2000 Indian standard code
of practice for plain reinforcement
concrete

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Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Govt. of M.P.

(Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi Prodyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal)

Mandsaur Institute of Technology, Mandsaur

Approved by AICTE New Delhi & Govt. of M.P.

(Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi Prodyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal)

It is a ground floor structure. Entire building

Column and beam Framed Structure. The

Safety from all natural source &

provide for normal residential

materials of all kinds and properties

building cost. Cost of land.

---- 40% of the site area

b) MINIMUM FLOOR AREA &

well as in the rear. The front verandah

The third is to create, in conjunction to

Total load = 6.0 KN/m

Nominal shear stress

Assume main bar=12mm dia.

Our value is between

M1= 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.416X1)

Area of steel of main reinforcement

Stirrups = 8mm dia.

Our value is between

M1= 0.87 fy Ast (d-0.416X1)

11. DESIGN OF COLUMNS

Muy= 2.26+5 =7.26 kn-m

Area of 2steel: - using

Mury = fck bd2x 0.053

Murx = fck bd2x 0.087

12. SQUARE FOOTING

Using 12 mm dia. bar and 60 mm clear

No of steel bars= Ast/A

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