Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited
20000104 033
ABSTRACT
Three Extra Low Frequency (ELF) coils for measuring low frequency magnetic
signatures were designed and built for use with the Marine Environment Data
Acquisition System (MEDAS) concept demonstrator. This report details the tests
conducted to determine the performance of these coils. A circuit model of the ELF coils
is developed so the output of the coils may be related to the incident magnetic field.
The values for the resistance, inductance and capacitance are measured and calculated
from details of the construction. The effect of incorporating a calibration winding for
checking the in-situ underwater response of the ELF coils is also examined.
RELEASE LIMITATION
Approved for public release
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE
DEFENCE SCIENCE I TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION
DSTO
Published by
DSTO Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory
PO Box 4331
Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
Telephone: (03) 9626 7000
Fax: (03) 9626 7999
Commonwealth of Australia 1999
AR-011-084
September 1999
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
3. EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS
4. CIRCUIT MODEL
5. RESISTANCE
10
6. INDUCTANCE
10
7. CAPACITANCE
7.1 Capacitance of Infinite Length Parallel Plates
7.2 Application of the Infinite Length Parallel Plate Method to the ELF Coils
7.2.1 Inter Slot Capacitance
7.2.2 Inter Layer Capacitance
7.2.3 Inter winding Capacitance
7.3 Summary of Capacitances
11
13
17
17
19
20
21
8. EXCITATION WINDING
22
9. DISCUSSION
22
10. CONCLUSION
25
11. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
26
12. REFERENCES
26
DSTO-TR-0876
1. Introduction
The presence of a vessel may be detected by its magnetic signature. Extra Low
Frequency (ELF) coils are used for measuring the low frequency magnetic signature of
ships and submarines. Some of the sources of the ELF signatures on the vessels [1]
include
i)
ii)
iii)
The ELF coils analysed in this report were built as part of a multisensor concept
demonstrator package called MEDAS (Marine Environment Data Acquisition System)
for the Royal Australian Navy. In order to interpret the output from each coil it is
necessary to determine the frequency response of each coil. Once the frequency
response of each coil is known it is possible to determine the ELF magnetic signature
of a vessel from the output of these coils.
A straight curve for the frequency response across the bandwidth is desirable as it
simplifies the processing of the output and improves coil sensitivity at high
frequencies. This response occurs when the resonance frequency is well beyond the
bandwidth of interest. For the ELF coils used with MEDAS the bandwidth of interest
was 1 - 600 Hz. For the ELF coils used in MEDAS the sensitivity was approximately
12.9 mV/(uT.Hz) up to 100 Hz, increasing to around 13.6 mV/(uT.Hz) at 600 Hz. The
resonance frequency for the ELF coils when connected to an impedance equivalent to
the input impedance of the MEDAS circuitry was measured as approximately 2150 Hz.
Further analysis was carried out in order to optimise the use of these coils and
facilitate the design and construction of future coils. This analysis examined the
capacitances present in the coil and methods were developed to predict the magnitude
of these capacitances. The inductance of the windings within the ELF coils was also
calculated. Once the capacitance, inductance and resistance of an ELF coil is known the
frequency response of the ELF coil may be determined. As part of this analysis the
optimum positioning of the excitation winding was also examined.
DSTO-TR-0876
DSTO-TR-0876
DOOOOOOC
34th layer
.1st Layer
Note: 6th Slot has additional
excitation winding of
6 turns at the bottom
of the slot
1302.0mm
1152.0mm
3. Experimental Measurements
The ELF coils with their associated cabling were tested in the DSTO Magnetic Test
Facility at Maribyrnong. This facility is usually used to generate a magnetic field that is
uniform to within 1% over a working region of 1 metre diameter by 6 m long1. As the
MEDAS ELF coils are larger than the normal working area of the Magnetic Test
Facility the magnetic flux density through a 1.3 m diameter section of the Magnetic
1
DSTO-TR-0876
Test Facility was measured for a range of frequencies. The value obtained from these
measurements were used to determine the magnetic field incident on the ELF coils
under test and only differed from the standard calibration factor for the Magnetic Test
Facility by 4 %. The reduction in homogeneity due to working outside the standard
working region of the Magnetic Test facility is not important as long as the total
magnetic flux passing through each ELF Coil is known. Each ELF coil was measured
individually.
The frequency response of the primary winding was determined by exciting the coils
of the Magnetic Test Facility with a sinusoidal wave over the bandwidth 1 Hz to 1 kHz
and monitoring the voltage induced across the ELF primary winding.
The Magnetic Test Facility was excited by a sine wave of frequency <a producing a
magnetic field of amplitude Bo. The output from the ELF coil, V(w) may be fully
described as
V(6>) = A sin at + C cos 6) + N(a>)
(1)
where A and C are constants and N(w) accounts for the noise in the system and the
environment, mainly 50 Hz and
its
harmonics and
components not equal to eo. The value of A can be determined by multiplying the
output V(w) with sin) and integrating the result over an integer number of
periods. Similarly by multiplying the output V(w) by cos a) and integrating over an
integer number of periods the value of C may be obtained. With this information the
phase shift Ps and sensitivity of the primary winding SP can be determined from
Equations 2 and 3 respectively.
P^tair1^)
SP=J{A2+C2)
(2)
(3)
The output V(zv) was a segment of approximately twenty periods of oo that had been
averaged sixty four times in order to increase the signal to noise ratio. As the voltage
induced across the winding is approximately proportional to the frequency it was
necessary to amplify the signal by a hundred for the lower frequencies, less than 40
Hz, before digitisation. The frequency response of the primary coil and the associated
electronics is shown in Figure 2.
DSTO-TR-0876
lg
14.5-
14.0-
-Coil A
......... CoilB
CoilC
13.5-
'f >
13.0-
12.5I
I I I I I
10
100
I I I I I
1000
Frequency (Hz)
The performance of the excitation winding on the ELF coils was tested in a similar
manner. Instead of using the uniform magnetic region to induce a voltage in the
primary winding a current was passed through the excitation windings to induce a
voltage on the primary winding of the ELF coil. The output from the primary winding
was measured in the same manner. Figure 3 displays the frequency response of the
primary coil when excited by the excitation winding. The shape of the frequency
response curve of the primary when excited by an incident field and the excitation
winding are compared in Figure 4.
The values for the calibration of the ELF coils obtained from Figure 2 will be used to
develop a calibration curve for use in MEDAS. An appropriate form of supplying the
calibration curve would incorporate the circuit (or effective) components. This would
not only supply a calibration curve that represents the coils performance but also allow
for changes in the output resistor to be easily incorporated.
DSTO-TR-0876
----CoA
...... CoB
CoflC
>
185
180
bO
175-
170'
.1u
165'
*:i
> a
.*
-''
' i
1000
100
10
Frequency (hz)
Figure 3 - Output of ELF Primary winding due to current flow in Excitation Winding
1-15
O
a>
1.10-
T3
Q.
E
<
1.05
T3
3
*-
Q.
E
<
1.00
10
i i i
100
i i i
1000
Frequency(Hz)
Figure 4 a)- Comparison of the frequency response measured using an incident field
and the excitation winding to stimulate the primary winding of ELF
Coil A.
DSTO-TR-0876
g-
en
1
1
// /,**
/
/
/ /,' .
b
Ol
,'i
1.00-
<
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 4 b)- Comparison of the frequency response measured using an incident field
and the excitation winding to stimulate the primary winding of ELF Coil B.
5CD
D
3
1.10-
//
Q.
E
<
**
1.05""
CD
a
3
'
//
//
'
,-'
4-
|-
1.00-
<
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 4 c)- Comparison of the frequency response measured using an incident field
and the excitation winding to stimulate the primary winding of ELF Coil C.
I
I
I
DSTO-TR-0876
It is evident from Figure 4 that the curve shape generated using the incident field
differs a little from the curve shape generated using the excitation winding. It appears
that the resonnace frequency may have increased when the excitation winding is used.
The apparent difference may be exagerated as the experimental error will have been
increased by dividing the curves by their value at 10 Hz in order to compare curve
shapes. The only difference in the set up of the ELF coil is that a current is now passing
through the excitation winding. As the resistance of the excitation winding is very low
the potential difference across the interwinding capacitance however should for all
practical purposes remain unchanged.
The largest difference in shape occurs for coil A and C, which have an interwinding
capacitance 30 % larger than coil B (section 7). The author however doesn't believe that
this would explain the apparent increase in resonance frequency due to the small
change in the potential difference across the interwinding capacitance. As the purpose
of the excitation winding is to provide a magnetic field to verify the correct functioning
of the primary winding and the associated electronics, not to calibrate the coil this
difference was not further investigated.
4. Circuit Model
The primary winding of the device was modelled as an LCR circuit as shown in Figure
5 with the voltage source Vpri, where Vpri is the voltage induced in the winding by the
external field.
V
Vpri =-NAB0co cos( t)
(4)
where N is the number of coils on the primary winding, A is the average area
surrounded by each coil and t is time.
DSTO-TR-0876
Z,=R1
R,
+
l + (coR2 C2)
+j
R,
fl^i-
\ + (a>R2C2)\
(5)
Using equation 5 the current h flowing through the inductor Lu due to the voltage
V may be determined.
',=
p"
(6)
The measured output from the primary winding is the voltage across R2,
of the circuit in Figure 5 shows that
V
V
R2 =
(X-jY)R2Vpn
p
(7)
VR2.
Analysis
X2+ Y2
where X = Rx + R2 - tf^R^ and Y = (OL,, + (oRx R2 C2. The phase shift 6 from
Vprl to VR2 is determined by
0 = tan
[x
(8)
DSTO-TR-0876
In order to use Equations 7 and 8 the values of the various components must be
determined. These values can be measured. However if these values could be
predicted the design of these coils would be facilitated. The resistance of the primary
Rl is calculated in section 5. In sections 6 and 7 methods are developed to calculate the
inductances and capacitances present in the ELF coils.
5. Resistance
The resistance of the primary winding /?, (Figure 5) may be calculated as the diameter
of the wire is known (0.68mm) and the length of wire used may be calculated. Using
an average diameter for the primary winding of 1.275m the length of wire used was
6545m. Thus the resistance of the primary winding was calculated as 311 . The
measured values for the 3 coils 312 Q, 316 and 315 Q.
The output resistor R2 (Figure 5) dampens the LCR circuit and hence the value of R2
should be chosen with care.
The relatively large diameter of the wire used in these ELF coils in addition to keeping
the resistance of the primary winding low also lead to better defined problems for the
calculation of the inductance and capacitance of these coils.
6. Inductance
The self inductance of the primary winding Lu is a measure of the magnetic flux
linkage that the coil has with itself. The magnetic flux density, B, at any point due to
the coil is the sum of the magnetic flux density caused by each individual winding at
that point. For the purposes of determining the inductance only the component
perpendicular to the plane of winding, Bz, is significant. Working from Smythe's
result [6] for the z component of the flux density due to a single coil, equation 9, the
flux density at any point due to all the windings can be determined.
10
DSTO-TR-0876
Bz(a,r,z) =
'
a2+r2+z2 J
K + -.
r=
rE
r((a + r)2+z2/2 l"'(a-r)2+z2
(9)
Where a is the radius of the winding, K and E are the complete elliptical integral of
the first and second kind respectively, 2 is the displacement along the z axis from the
coil, and r is its radial displacement, is the permeability of the region and I is the
current flowing in the winding.
Integrating numerically the flux <&m passing through winding m due to the current
flowing in all the windings can be calculated by
m = S J Bz W, r, z{n)) 2nrr dr
n
(10)
where n is the number of windings each with slightly different a and z value. The total
flux passing through the coil O is the sum of the flux passing through each winding
<E>m. Thus the self inductance is
Ai=S*.An
/
(ID
The mutual inductance between the primary winding and the excitation winding as
well as the self inductance of the excitation winding were calculated using this
method. These values were also measured at 20 Hz on a bridge. Care was taken while
measuring the inductance of the ELF coils to place the coil under test away from
ferrous and conducting materials, the results are shown in Table 1.
Primary Winding
Measured Inductance
Coil A
CoilB
CoilC
7.64 H
7.35 H
7.58 H
Excitation Winding
188 uH
188 uH
189 pH
180 uH
Primary - Excitation
27.5 mH
26.8 mH
27.4 mH
27.1 mH
Calculated Inductance
7.5 H
7. Capacitance
The capacitance C2 in Figure 5 is the total of a number of separate capacitances. These
include the capacitance of two cables, a junction box, the inter layer and inter slot
capacitance of the primary winding and the stray capacitance between the excitation
11
DSTOTR-0876
12
DSTO-TR-0876
,- *(*'+*')*
(12)
where <J, is the line charge density, e is the permittivity, and (x,, y,) is the distance of
the point from the infinite length line charge.
Each element consists of a number of line charges, all of which have the same line
charge density and potential. The potential at the centre of element i due to the line
charge densities of element j will be labelled Vy. If the centre of element i is a
distance {xx, y,) from the centre of element j the potential Vtj may be determined by
13
DSTO-TR-0876
Ulitegrating
equation 12 from
(JC,
Xaxis and from (y, -Sy/2) to (y, +Sy/2) if the element is parallel to the Yaxis.
Thus if the element j is parallel to the X axis
V.. =
"
2K
1
-2x + 2yx tan -i WxLnix +y})
Ix)
: <7, fl
(13)
where xa = (xl +5x/2), xft = (x, -5x/2) and aff is a function of the inter element
distance, the length, the orientation of the elements and a constant. When element j
is parallel to the Y axis the variables x and y are swapped.
When considering the potential at an element due to itself [xl + y, = 0) the distributed
nature of the line charges within the element must be considered. Thus for an element
parallel with the x axis
V = -
&/
f
27ZE
In x ax =
"/
2ne
In
8x
= <*i a
(14)
from all the elements shown in Figure 6. Thus the potential at (the centre of) one of the
elements is the sum of the contributions from the line charges of all elements. Thus the
potential, Vt, at the centre of element / in a system of n elements is
v;=Zv7-
as)
is determined as shown in
equation 13 and 14. When equation 15 is applied to all elements a matrix as shown in
Table 2 is created.
au an
V,
'12
y,
,.
a-
Or
14
DSTO-TR-0876
15
DSTO-TR-0876
,'"
IT***
100-
'
10
1
100
16
DSTO-TR-0876
17
DSTO-TR-0876
A
4.0mm
6.0mm
-3V/12.
3V /12'
J.
1.085XlO-12 C/m
-1.085XlO-12 C/m
-3.773xlO"12 C/m
18
DSTO-TR-0876
radial distance. This was achieved by allowing the potential of each element on a plate
to vary depending on its radial displacement. The sum of the line charge densities of
each slot calculated using this method are shown in table 4.
Slot
-3.773xlO-12 C/m
-3.765xlO-1' C/m
Table 4 - Sum of line charge density for radial varying potential difference
From the potential and the line charge density of each element the capacitance was
calculated as 35.3 pF/m using equations 16 and 17. The overall inter slot capacitance
was calculated 141 pF.
It thus appears that the approximation, used in calculating table 3, of treating each slot
as a plate at a constant potential was reasonable. This approximation is valid only as
there is a constant potential difference between each slot in the radial and tangential
direction. In both results the majority of the charge resided on the inside surface of the
external plates.
7.2.2 Inter Layer Capacitance
The inter layer capacitance is the capacitance of each slot due to the difference in
potential of the layers within the slot. The potential difference between the beginning
of first winding and the end of the last winding in any slot is VprijNs . In this
calculation there is not a constant potential difference in the axial direction, only the
tangential direction, so each turn will be considered as a separate element at a known
potential. The potential difference in the axial direction is not constant as if a layer is
wound from left to right the layer above this will be wound from right to left. The
potential of an element will depend on its position.
When the infinite length parallel plate method was adapted and applied to the inter
layer capacitance as shown in Figure 9 the capacitance was calculated as 41er pF/m.
19
DSTO-TR-0876
Thus the inter layer capacitance for each slot is 166er pF. The relative permittivity r of
the gap between the conducting plates was determined from the cross sectional area in
each slot of plastic (wire insulation ester imide) and air. The ratio of the wire
insulation to air was calculated as 1:1.8, the relative permittivity r of the insulation
was approximately 2.5, thus the value of r in the gap between conducting layers was
taken as 1.54. When the six of the inter layer capacitance are added in series the
contribution of the inter layer capacitance to the overall capacitance is 43pF. This value
is only approximate due to uncertainties in the calculation of r and the small distance
between layers.
A
f 16V/ 3"4
'17V/34
S
~?
s
s
V/34
ZST
V/34
~?
17 Layers
vw
-2V /,34
V/34
JV
7-
2V'/ 34
17 Layer*
6.0 mm
777
/16V/3
^7V/34|
20
DSTO-TR-0876
is 1.25m. An important consideration for the performance of the coil is the potential
difference, Viw, across this capacitance. This potential difference depends where the
excitation winding is placed and is further discussed in section 9. The excitation
winding was placed at the bottom of the sixth slot in the ELF coil used in this analysis.
Thus the potential difference Viw across this capacitance is Vpri/6. The contribution of
this to the overall capacitance is
Ciw=(/6)2 X2.13nF
(20)
= 59 pF
This value is only a rough estimation and varies considerable depending how the
two layers in question are wound. The values measured for the inter winding
capacitance were 2.66nF, 2.02nF and 2.56nF.
7.3 Summary of Capacitances
The calculated and measured values for the capacitances are summarised in table 5.
Capacitance
Inter Slot
Inter Layer
Inter Winding
Coil Measured
Coil A
Coil B
Coil C
1
1
1
1- 156 pF
J" 156 pF
} 151 pF
J
J
J
74 pF
56 pF
71 pF
Calculated Value
141 pFl
} 183 pF
43 pF J
59 pF
21
DSTO-TR-0876
average out small inconsistencies. The value calculated for the inter winding
capacitance is only a "ball park" figure. This should not matter however as by correctly
positioning the excitation winding the effect of this capacitance on normal operation
may be removed, this is discussed in section 9.
8. Excitation Winding
The excitation winding is used to produce a magnetic field to enable the function of
the primary winding and associated electronics to be tested when the device is
underwater. Figure 3 displays the frequency response of the primary winding when
excited by the excitation winding.
The potential induced across the primary winding V . by a current ie in the excitation
winding can be calculated using equation 21.
The values obtained for the mutual inductance L12 between the primary and excitation
winding are given in section 6. When the excitation winding is used to excite the
primary winding a slight difference in the frequency response of the primary winding
is apparent, this may be seen in Figure 4. The simple circuit model depicted in Figure 5
does not explain this difference.
9. Discussion
With ELF coils a major constraint on their possible sensitivity will be limitations on
their size and weight. Given a required sensitivity over a frequency bandwidth and a
limitation on their size and thus their area, equation 4 may be used to determine the
number of turns required on the primary winding.
The resistance Rx of the primary winding may then be determined from the
diameter of the former, the number of turns and the gauge of wire used. The gauge of
wire used will also influence the calculations of the capacitance and inductance.
The inductance L,, and the contribution to the capacitance C2 from the ELF coil
22
DSTO-TR-0876
may be determined from sections 6 and 7 respectively. The capacitance C2 will also be
increased if cabling is placed onto the output of the primary windings before the
amplifier. The resistance R2 is the input resistance of the amplifier, this resistor has a
major influence on the frequency response of the coil as it dampens the LC circuit
formed by the primary winding. Once the value of these components is known
equations 7 and 8 may be used to examine the behaviour of the ELF coils. If the
resonance frequency occurs within or close to the required bandwidth it may be
desirable to alter the design.
23
DSTO-TR-0876
*i
14.5
|
3
&>
3
14.0-
o
.
I
I
C2 = 732 pF
13.5 H
13.0-
ji
.--V
..
12.5-
rr
T
100
T"
10
1000
Frequency (Hz)
leisure 10 - Modelled and measured outputs of the primary winding
If the excitation winding had been placed at the bottom of the first slot however Viw
would have been V . and the contribution to the total capacitance would have been
increased by a factor of thirty six. Such a capacitance would drastically reduce the
resonance frequency. (In the case where the excitation winding is in the first slot by
changing the end of the primary winding earthed the potential across the inter
winding capacitance could be reduced for all practical purposes to zero.
Thus
removing the influence of the inter winding capacitance.) Using equation 4 and 7 the
expected frequency response of these ELF coils without the additional capacitance due
to cabling and the inter winding capacitance may be determined. Figure 11 shows the
expected frequency response of the ELF coils using the measured and calculated
values for Lu, /?, and C2 where C2 is without the additional capacitance due to the
cabling and inter winding capacitance. The values used for L,,, RifC2 and R2 are
shown in table 6.
24
DSTO-TR-0876
R2
Measured Value
Calculated Value
312 Q
311Q
120.6 k
7.5 H
7.64 H
155 pF
183 pF
---.,
1.000.95-
>^
0.900.85-
0.80-
0.75
'A
It
0.70
0.650.600.550.50
0.45
11111
10
-T-I-I-,
100
-firr|
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 11- Modelled output of the primary winding using measured and calculated
component values in the circuit model
10. Conclusion
A vessel's ELF signature can be extracted from the output of the MEDAS ELF coils
primary winding using the frequency response shown in Figure 2. The frequency
response is a function of the capacitances, inductances and resistances in the ELF coil
and its associated circuitry. For the ELF coils used in MEDAS the sensitivity of the coils
25
DSTO-TR-0876
11. Acknowledgments
The winding layout for these coils was copied from coils made by Dr Julian Vrbancich,
Maritime Operations Division2 (MOD). The construction technique used for these ELF
coils were developed by Max Coxhead, MOD. The ELF coils used during this project
were constructed by the Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory3 workshop.
The MEDAS project was managed by Peter Ramsay (retired), MOD.
The author wishes to thank Dr John Ternan (retired), MOD for his assistance though
out this project. Dr John Ternan designed the Magnetic Test Facility used to test the
ELF coils. The construction of this facility was overseen by Jack Wilson MOD and the
late Jim McBeath, MOD.
12. References
1. Vrbancich, J. and Scott, L. (1993)
2
3
26
DSTO-TR-0876
Extremely Low Frequency magnetic and electric fields from navel vessels.
MRL Technical Report MRL-TR-92-45.
2. Vrbancich, J., Turnbull, S. and Scott, L. (1993)
An underwater Extremly Low Frequency (ELF) Magnetic and electric field
detection system.
MRL Research Report MRL-RR-5-93
3. Vrbancich, J. (1987)
Air-Core Induction Coils: Alternating Magnetic Field Sensors
MSD Technical Note 4/87. Sydney, N.S.W. Weapons System Research Laboratory.
4 Holtham, P.M. (1983)
New High Frequency Electromagnetic Detection System.
Technical Memorandum 83-9, Defence Research Establishment Pacific, Esquimalt,
Victoria
Canada.
5 Wesley, V.F. (1950)
The Theory of Induction Coils.
Macdonald, London.
6 Smythe,W.R.(1950)
Static and dynamic electricity, 2nd., pp.270-271. New York:
McGraw Hill Book company Inc.
27
DISTRIBUTION LIST
Extra Low Frequency (ELF) Coils for the Marine Environment Data
Acquisition System (MEDAS)
David Clarke
AUSTRALIA
DEFENCE ORGANISATION
Task Sponsor
DMCD
S&T Program
Chief Defence Scientist
1
FAS Science Policy
\ shared copy
AS Science Corporate Management
J
Director General Science Policy Development
Counsellor Defence Science, London (Doc Data Sheet)
Counsellor Defence Science, Washington (Doc Data Sheet)
Scientific Adviser to MRDC Thailand (Doc Data Sheet)
Scientific Adviser Policy and Command
Navy Scientific Adviser
Scientific Adviser - Army (Doc Data Sheet and distribution list only)
Air Force Scientific Adviser
Director Trials
Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory
Director
Chief of Maritime Operations Division
Dr A Theobald
Frank May
Dr Julian Vrbancich
David Clarke
DSTO Library and Archives
Library Fishermans Bend
Library Maribyrnong
Library Salisbury (2 copies)
Australian Archives
Library, MOD, Pyrmont
Library, MOD, HMAS Stirling
US Defense Technical Information Center, 2 copies
UK Defence Research Information Centre, 2 copies
Canada Defence Scientific Information Service, 1 copy
NZ Defence Information Centre, 1 copy
National Library of Australia, 1 copy
Capability Development Division
Director General Maritime Development
Director General Land Development (Doc Data Sheet only)
54
(U)
(U)
(U)
4. AUTHOR(S)
5. CORPORATE AUTHOR
David Clarke
6b. AR NUMBER
AR-011-084
7. DOCUMENT DATE
September 1999
1Z NO. OF
REFERENCES
6
14. RELEASE AUTHORITY
http://www.dsto.defence.gov.au/corporate/reports/DSTOTR-0876.pdf
8. FILE NUMBER
510/207/0945
9. TASK NUMBER
NAV 93/226
Yes
Three Extra Low Frequency (ELF) coils for measuring low frequency magnetic signatures were designed
and built for use with the Marine Environment Data Acquisition System (MEDAS) concept
demonstrator. This report details the tests conducted to determine the performance of these coils. A
circuit model of the ELF coils is developed so the output of the coils may be related to the incident
magnetic field. The values for the resistance, inductance and capacitance are measured and calculated
from details of the construction. The effect of incorporating a calibration winding for checking the in-situ
underwater response of the ELF coils are also examined.
Page classification: UNCLASSIFIED