CHAPTER 6

CONTROL SIGNAL
GENERATION

Following block diagram shows the procedure for the simulation, control signal
generation and implementation.

Block diagram for simulation, control signal generation and implementation

Simulink model generated and optimal THD is obtained.

Building of Simulink model with CCS3.3, code generated is loaded to Emulator

xds510usb, control signal generation from DSP28335.

Control signals obtained applied to buffer, opto isolation and driver circuits.

Control signals generated are given to power circuit.

Power circuit results are observed on DSO.

Chapter 6

Control Signal Generation

This chapter dicusses the processor used for gating signals applied to switches in
power circuit. As discussed earlier 18 switches are there in 3 phase Hybrid Multilevel
Inverter controlled separately with different modulation techniques as per requirement.
Thus processor chosen should provide minimum 18 separate pulses at the output.
Though complimentary pulses can be used but to avoid leg short circuiting and
intentional delay separate pulses are used in this topology.
Analog control can be used but for implementation of various modulation
techniques digital control is suggested. Control signals can be obtained using different
high level languages like C/C++ programming. But as per advancement in technology
control signals can directly be obtained using MATLAB SIMULINK Blocks with Code
Composer Studio and Emulator. All these interfaces are discussed in detail.
This chapter describes steps involved in generation and application of control
signals to power circuit.

6.1

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR

Fig. 6.1 depicts EPB 28335. The EPB28335 is a stand-alone card allowing

developers to evaluate the TMS320F28335 digital signal processor (DSP) to determine if

it meets their application requirements. Furthermore, the module is an excellent platform
to develop and run software for the TMS320F28335 processor. The EPB28335 is
shipped with a TMS320F28335 DSP. The EPB28335 allows full speed verification of
F28335 code. To simplify code development and reduce debugging time, a C2000 Code
Composer Studio driver is provided. In addition, an onboard JTAG connector provides
interface to emulators, with assembly language and C high level language debug.
Following features of EPB28335 and TMS320F28335 DSP can be summarized in brief
[1-3].

Fast, 150 MHz clock/instruction cycle.

High speed A/D converter, 12.5 MHz max sample rate, 16 channels, 12-bits.

80-ns conversion rate (12.5 MHz)

A/D includes two parallel sample and hold circuits.

Nominally a 32-bit machine.

34 K words (16-bit) of on-chip static random access memory (RAM).

256 K words (16-bit) of flash read only memory (ROM).

6 high resolution (150 picosecond) pulse width modulators. Can readily be used
to implement D/A converters.
112

Chapter 6

Control Signal Generation

Possesses a rich set of peripheral interface devices

6 high resolution pulse width modulator outputs

Three 32-bit timers

Serial port peripherals

On chip 32-bit floating point unit

68K bytes on-chip RAM

512K bytes on-chip Flash memory

On board 1M bytes (64kx16) off-chip SRAM memory

9-volt only operation with supplied AC adapter

On board Power-On LED indication

Connector for Watchdog timer output

20 Pin (10x2 header) Connector for 16 GPIO lines

DB25 Connector for 8 Digital Input and 8 Digital Output interface with +5V
compatibility

Error + Trip +5V compatible connector for Inverter control module

On board USB Connector for UART-A interface with LED indication

On board USB for Flashing

On board DB9 connector for UART-A interface

On board LED indication for Transmit and Receive data at UART-A

On board 3 pin header for UART-B interface

On board DB9 connector for CAN-A interface (Loop back mode possible)

On board 4 pin header for CAN-B interface (Loop back mode possible)

On board DB9 connector for 6 channel capture interface

On board DB25 connector for 12 channel PWM interface

On board DB15 connector for 8 Channel On-Chip ADC-A interface (with 3V

protection using Op-Amps with unity gain output)

On board DB15 connector for 8 Channel On-Chip ADC-B interface (with 3V

protection using Op-Amps with unity gain output)

On board Potentiometer to test On-Chip ADC

On board DB9 connector for 4 channel SPI based External DAC interface

On board I2C based Off-Chip EEPROM interface

On board I2C based Off-Chip RTC interface

113

Chapter 6

Control Signal Generation

On board Reset Switch with LED indication

On board Switch for Run/Program mode switching

On board Switch for boot mode selection

On board IEEE 1149.1 JTAG emulation connector (7x2 pins) with LED
indication

Test points for All the PWM channels

Test points for All the ADC channels

Test points for Power signals

On board LED at GPIO Pin as GPIO Test point

88 configurable general purpose I/O (GPIO) pins

Fig. 6.1 EPB 28335 with peripherals

On the 2833x/2823x devices, the GPIO signals are assigned to 32-bit ports. The
GPIO control and data registers have been moved from peripheral frame 2 (16-bit access
only) to peripheral frame 1, which allows for 32-bit as well as 16-bit operations on the
registers. The GPIO MUX logic has been redesigned to allow for a higher level of
peripheral multiplexing. The 2833x/2823x GPIO MUX can multiplex up to three
independent peripheral signals into a signal GPIO pin, in addition to providing individual
pin toggling I/O capability. There are two MUX registers for each GPIO port. For each
of the GPIO pins one can enable or disable an internal pullup resistor through software.
114

Chapter 6

Control Signal Generation

Thus features utilised are GPIO and I/O ports for 18 control signals. JTAG for
interfacing emulator with DSP.

6.2

FLOW OF CONTROL SIGNALS

As discussed control signals are obtained in following steps:

Step 1 : Open CCSSTUDIO Setup as shown in Fig. 6.2.

Fig. 6.2 CCS setup

Step 2: Select family, platform and add to system Do the settings as shown in Fig. 6.3.

Fig. 6.3 Emulator selection

115

Chapter 6

Control Signal Generation

Step 3: Save and quit.

Step 4: MATLAB SIMULINK model execution(.mdl file).

Fig. 6.4 MATLAB SIMULINK model for control signals

Custom board is selected from target prferences and as DSP is 28335 hence board
selected is C2000 and processor is F28335. Fig. 6.4 shows MATLAB SIMULINK model
for generation of control signals.

Fig. 6.5 Building model in MATLAB SIMULINK

In Fig. 6.4 six signals are shown similarly 18 signals can be obtained. GPIO pins
and PWM port used for obtaining pulses are summarized as below: GPIO 48-52, 54,
116

Chapter 6

Control Signal Generation

57,59-63 and PWM 1A,1B,2A,2B,3Aand 3B configured to GPIO 0,1,2,3,4 and 5 are

used for control signals.
Step 5: After execution of .mdl file build model as shown in Fig. 6.5. Project is built in
CCS as shown in Fig. 6.6 and loaded to emulator with no error and control signals are
loaded in DSP. Thus 3.3V pulses are obtained GPIO pins specified.

Fig. 6.6 Project built in CCS

6.3

DRIVER CIRCUIT
The gate pulses obtained from DSP go through buffer, isolation and driver stage

before reaching to the power devices. As DSP can drive maximum up to 200mA current
and signals taken are 18 hence buffer is required. The isolation is must when gate pulses
are given to power devices connected in inverter configuration. The isolation is normally
provided to gate pulses through optocouplers, which isolates power circuit and low
power control circuit optically. Further these optically coupled signals are given to the
driver circuit. The gate pulse, which is given to the MOSFET, is with respect to the
source terminal. Fig. 6.7 shows circuit for buffer, isolation and driver which are
described in brief.
Circuit is designed as per requirement of gate pulse. Buffer selected [4] can drive
maximum 6 signals hence for 18 pulses three buffers are used. Buffer supply is 5V. 4049
inverting buffer is used. Component list is given in Table 6.1. R1, R2, R3 and R4 are
selected as standard current limiting, pull-up resistors. Similarly C1 and C2 are by pass
capacitors while C3 is used for floating supply as per requirement of driver IC IR2110
117

Chapter 6

Control Signal Generation

[5]. Diode D2 is fast switching diode for boost up. High speed opto isolator 2630 is used
for isolation [6].
+5V
R1

1
5

+15V

C1

+15V

11

10

7
5

D1

C3

G1

+15VR3

IC-2

R1
3

R2

2
IC-1

+15V

C2

R2

R3

12

11

+15V

D1
G4

12
13

14

15

10

S1

D2

IC-3

R4

R4

S4

Fig. 6.7 Control circuit for generating gating signal

Table 6.1 Component List
Component
R1
R2
R3
R4
C1
C2
C3
D1
D2
IC-1
IC-2
IC-3

6.4

Value
330
10 k
1 k
3.3 k
0.1 F
0.47F
100F
IN4148
11DF4
4049
2630
IR2110

SUMMARY
In this chapter, procedure to obtain control signals is described. Signals obtained

from DSP are 3.3V compatible which are not enough for gate drive hence buffer and
driver circuits are introduced. As power circuit operates at very high voltage, isolation is
compulsory hence opto isolator is used.

118