CONTENTS

Page No.

TITLE PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0

PURPOSE

2.0

SCOPE

3.0

DEFINITIONS

4.0

REFERENCE STANDARDS AND CODES

5.0

RESPONSIBILITIES

6.0

TEST EQUIPMENT CONTROL

7.0

QUALITY CONTROL

8.0

TESTING PROCEDURE

9.0

DOCUMENTATION

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DISCIPLINE :

ELECTRICAL

TITLE

PROCEDURE FOR SITE ACCEPTANCE TESTING OF

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

1.0

PURPOSE
To ensure that the voltage transformers are installed in accordance with design
specifications, that their characteristics are within applicable standards and
manufacturers tolerances.

2.0

SCOPE
This procedure shall apply during the site acceptance testing of voltage
transformers.

3.0

DEFINITIONS

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.5

C.E.
C.M.
T.T.
Q.C.

4.0

REFERENCE STANDARDS AND CODES

4.1

4.2

TCP-P-105-00-3.7 Pre-commissioning Testing Procedure

NEC National Electrical Code

5.0

RESPONSIBILITIES

Commissioning Engineer
Construction Manager
Testing Technician
Quality Control

5.1 The Commissioning Engineer (C.E.) shall be responsible for preparing the testing plan,
for the observance of all safety precautions required by the JAL Safety Plan, for
supervising the testing activities.
5.2 Testing Technicians (T.T.) shall be responsible for carrying out the tests, recording the
test values.
5.3
The QC Department shall be responsible for conducting reviews of the test records
to ensure that all tests have been performed in accordance with the approved
inspection and test plan.
6.0

Test Equipment Control

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The Commissioning Engineer shall carry out an inspection of the test equipment
when the test equipment arrives in the warehouse. Each piece of test equipment
shall have the calibration labels intact. The Commissioning Engineer shall ensure
that the test equipment manual is available and that the test equipment is calibrated
and calibration certificates are available.
The Commissioning Engineer will keep a record with the test equipment serial
numbers, date of calibration and copies of the calibration certificates. JAL will
submit copies of the calibration certificates of the test equipment to Al-Mashariq.
The Commissioning Engineer shall ensure that test equipment that it is out of
calibration is isolated in a quarantine zone and will be sent as soon as possible to a
certified metrology laboratory for re-calibration against national standards.
The Testing Technicians shall ensure that the test equipment is tested for proper
operation before starting any test. Any defective test equipment will be isolated in a
quarantine zone and sent as soon as possible for repairs.
QC Department shall conduct periodic audits on the test equipment to ensure all
test equipment is within the required calibration period.
7.0

Quality Control
The Commissioning Engineer shall prepare the testing plan that will include the
equipment to be tested, the tests to be performed, the test equipment to be used,
the test procedure to be applied and the test records to be used. Based on the
testing plan, in coordination with the Construction Manager a testing schedule will
be developed.
The Commissioning Engineer shall organize, supervise and verify the
implementation of the testing schedule.
Any defects or variances from the approved specifications and standards will be
noted during the testing and shall be informed to the Construction Department by
the Inspection Report.
The Testing Technician shall use the pre-commissioning form as a checklist and to
record the results of the testing. The form shall be the quality record document to
identify that the inspection and testing has taken place.
The following tests will be performed and recorded on the pre-commissioning
form:
1.
Visual check
2.
Insulation resistance test
3.
AC Over-potential test
4.
Polarity test
5.
Winding resistance test
6.
Ratio test
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The following test equipment will be used to perform the above tests:
1.
Wheatstone bridge or low resistance ohmmeter.
2.
Megohmmeter AVO
3.
AC HI-POT test set, Baur or Hipotronics
4.
Digital multimeters
5.
Directional sensitive ammeter analog
6.
Battery box
7.
Adjustable voltage source or Sverker 650 or 760
8.
Thermometer
9.
Humidity meter
8.0

TESTING PROCEDURE
The following shall be guidelines for the testing personnel during the inspection
and testing of voltage transformers.

8.1

8.2

Visual And Mechanical Check

Compare equipment nameplate data with drawings and specifications.
Inspect physical and mechanical condition.
Verify correct connection of transformers with system requirements.
Verify that adequate clearances exist between primary and secondary circuit wiring.
Verify that all required grounding connections provide contact.
Verify correct operation of transformer withdrawal mechanism and grounding
operation.
Insulation Resistance Test

Test Equipment: Megohmmeter AVO; Thermometer and Humidity meter

8.3

Measure and record the outside temperature and the humidity.

The test voltage levels should be as recommended by the manufacturer. The test
duration should be 1 minute.
Disconnect the primary and secondary transformer windings from the circuit. Short the
terminals of HV winding and LV winding.
Using a Megohmmeter, measure the insulation resistance of HV winding to LV
winding and ground, LV winding to HV winding and ground, HV winding to LV
winding.
The measured insulation resistance values should be temperature corrected.
AC Over-potential Test of the HV winding

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Test Equipment: AC Hi-Pot test set Baur or Hipotronics; Thermometer and Humidity
meter

Measure and record the outside temperature

and humidity.
Disconnect the primary and secondary
transformer windings from the circuit.
The transformer must have passed the
insulation resistance test prior starting the
Over-potential test.
Short circuit with jumpers all high voltage
bushings or terminals and low voltage
bushings or terminals as shown in Fig. 1.
Make sure the transformer case and the
secondary winding are grounded.
Fig. 1
Because of the combination of high voltage
and high energy involved in high voltage testing, the test area is always to be cordoned
off, with safety rope barriers.
Only persons that are directly engaged in the testing process and who are well aware of
the risks involved are to be allowed in the cordoned off area.
The test voltage will be that recommended by the manufacturer. Connect the AC high
potential test set between the ground and the HV winding.
Gradually increase the test voltage to the desired value. Allow test voltage duration of 1
min. after gradually decrease to zero.
The AC Hi-Pot test is a go or no go test. If the Hi-Pot test voltage is held for one
minute without any failure or malfunction of the transformer insulation the transformer
is considered to have passed the test.

8.4 Polarity Test

Test Equipment: Battery; Directional sensitive ammeter; Secondary injection test set
Sverker 650 or 760; Digital multimeters
The polarity test can be conducted in two ways: using a battery and a directional sensitive
ammeter-the flick test or using a low voltage source and three voltmeters. Both are
described below.
8.4.1

The flick test

Disconnect the primary and secondary transformer windings from the circuit.
The polarity of all secondaries is to be checked.
The check is made by connecting a battery, having
predetermined polarity, for a short period, across the
primary side of the transformer. At the same time, the
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polarity of the voltage induced in secondary is

checked with a directionally sensitive ammeter.
The ammeter should be connected externally across
the voltage transformers primary terminals H1 and
H2. The load of the voltage transformer is to be
isolated.
The terminal + of the ammeter is to be connected to
the X1 terminal of the PT and the - terminal to X2.
The - pole of the battery is to be connected to the H2
terminal of the PT.
Connect the + pole of the battery for a short period
to the H1 terminal of the PT. If the polarity is
Fig. 2
correct, the ammeter will deflect in a positive
direction.
Later, when the battery circuit is opened, the ammeter
will deflect in a negative direction.
To prevent excessive build-up of the residual magnetism, the battery should not be
connected more often than is absolutely necessary. Immediately after a deflection is
observed on the ammeter, the test is to be terminated. When the test has been
completed, the polarity will be reversed and approximately the same number of
connections will be made in order to reduce the residual magnetism.
Compare determined polarity with drawings and specifications.

8.4.2

The voltmeter method

Transformers can be either subtractive or additive polarity. Subtractive polarity has

correspondingly marked terminals for the primary and secondary windings opposite each
other. For additive polarity the terminal markings for the secondary winding are reversed.

PT with subtractive polarity

PT with additive polarity

Subtractive polarity
Disconnect the primary and secondary transformer windings from the circuit.
The polarity of all secondaries is to be checked.
The check is made by connecting the terminals H2 and X2 as in Fig.3 and energizing
the high voltage winding from an adjustable voltage source (or Sverker 650 or 760).
If the voltage measured across the H1 and X1 leads is less than the applied voltage the
polarity of the transformer is considered to be subtractive
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Compare determined polarity with drawings and specifications.

Additive polarity
The check is made by connecting the terminals H2 and X1 as in Fig.4 and energizing
the high voltage winding from an adjustable voltage source (or Sverker 650 or 760).
If the voltage measured across the H1 and X2 leads is the sum of the applied voltage
and the secondary voltage the polarity of the transformer is considered to be additive.
Compare determined polarity with drawings and specifications.

Fig. 3

8.5

Fig. 4

Winding Resistance Test

Test Equipment: Wheatstone bridge; Low resistance ohmmeter DLRO; Thermometer

Record the ambient temperature.

Disconnect the primary and secondary transformer windings from the circuit.
The winding resistance is measured using a Wheatstone bridge, or a low resistance
ohmmeter (DLRO) as in Fig.5.
For three phase transformers the
measurements are made phase to
neutral for a wye winding and phase
to phase for a delta winding
All tests readings must be converted
to a common temperature base such
as 25oC or the temperature base given
by the manufacturer. For copper
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windings the following formula may

be used to convert the test readings to
25oC:
R

Fig. 5

=Rtest (234.5 +25)/(234.5 + winding temp. C)

o
25 C

8.6

The test values after temperature correction should be compared with the factory
values.
The acceptance criteria for field tests is that they should be within 2% of factory
values.
Ratio Test

Test Equipment: Adjustable voltage source; Secondary injection test set Sverker 650 or
760; Digital multimeters

Disconnect the primary and secondary

transformer windings from the circuit.
As shown in Fig. 6, connect two voltmeters
across primary and secondary windings. The
voltmeters range should match primary
applied voltage and secondary expected
voltage.
Connect the adjustable voltage source to
the primary of the voltage transformer.
The primary test voltage should have a low
voltage pre-determined value.
Fig. 6

Slowly increase the test voltage up to the predetermined level. If there is no voltage, or
an abnormally low voltage is applied, this is a sure indication that one or more
secondaries are short-circuited. In such cases the test must be interrupted immediately
and the loop resistance of the secondary checked.
During the entire period of the test, the secondary voltage is to be checked to ensure
that it is of expected magnitude.
The ratio is given by the calculated value of V1 / V2.
Compare determined ratio with manufacturers specification.

9.0

DOCUMENTATION

9.1
9.2

Voltage transformer instruction manual- vendor documentation

Test equipment operation manuals
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