08 r05310302 Hydraulic Machinery and Systems

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Code No: R05310302 Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2008
HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND SYSTEMS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. 5 cm diameter jet having a velocity of 20m/sec, strikes a flat plate, the normal of
which is inclined at 250 to the axis of the jet. Calculate the normal force exerted
on the plate
(a) When the plate is stationary
(b) When the plate is moving with a velocity of 10m/sec in the direction of the
jet.
(c) When the plate is moving with a velocity of 7m/sec parallel to itself and in
the direction of the normal to its surface. [4+6+6]
2. An outward flow reaction turbine has inner and outer diameter of the wheel as
1000mm and 2000 mm respectively. The water enters the vane at an angle of 200
and leaves the vane radially. If the velocity of flow remains constant at 10m/sec
and the speed of the wheel is 300rpm, find the vane angles at inlet and outlet. [16]
3. Define the terms unit head, suction specific speed, unit power, unit speed and unit
discharge with reference to a hydraulic turbine. Also derive expressions for these
terms. [16]
4. (a) Why is the speed of a reciprocating pump lower than that of a centrifugal
pump? On what factors does the speed of the reciprocating pump depend?
(b) Explain how the separation of flow is caused in reciprocating pumps. What
preventive measures are usually taken to reduce the same appreciably? [8+8]
5. (a) How will you obtain an expression for the minimum speed for starting a cen-
trifugal pump?
(b) The diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump at inlet and outlet are
300 mm and 600 mm respectively. The velocity of flow at outlet is 2.5 m/s
and vanes are set back at an angle of 45o at outlet. Determine the minimum
starting speed of the pump if the manometric efficiency is 75 %. [6+10]
6. (a) Explain the following terms as they are applied to a centrifugal pump:
i. Static suction lift
ii. static suction head
iii. static discharge head and
iv. total static head.
(b) With a neat sketch, explain the principle and working of a centrifugal pump.
[10+6]
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7. Water at a pressure of 50 bar from a accumulator is supplied to a crane which is
lifting a weight of 10 kN through a height of 10 m, when the weight is moving up
with a speed of 0.3 m/s, once in every two minutes. The water is supplied to the
accumulator by a pump. Assuming the efficiency of the crane = 70%, Find
(a) The capacity of jigger cylinder,

(b) The capacity of the accumulator, and
(c) Minimum power required to run the pump. [16]
8. (a) Find an expression for the ratio of the outlet area of the nozzle to the area of
the pipe for maximum transmission of power.
(b) A pipe of diameter 300 mm and length 3000 m is used for the transmission of
power by water. The total head at the inlet of the pipe is 400 m. Find the
maximum power available at the outlet of the pipe. Take f = 0.005. [8+8]
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1. A wheel having radial blades has the inner and outer radii of 30 cm and 60cm
respectively. The jet enters the blades at the outer tip with a velocity of 40m/s at
an angle of 230 to the tangent and leaves the blades with a velocity of flow of 8m/s.
If the angles of the blades at entrance and exit are respectively 450 and 350 , find
the work done per kg of water entering the wheel, the speed of the wheel and its
efficiency.
2. A Kaplan turbine develops 1875kW under a head of 6m with overall efficiency of

[16]
85%. An elbow type draft tube with inlet diameter 3.5m is provided at runner exit,
set 3.0 m above the tail race level, gives a reading of 3N/cm2 on a vacuum gauge
connected to the inlet. Determine the draft tube efficiency. If the output of the
turbine is reduced to half, head and speed remain unchanged, what would be the
new reading of vacuum gauge after the governing? [16]
3. (a) Show that Pelton Wheel is a low specific speed turbine.

(b) What is specific speed? State its significance in the study of hydraulic ma-
chines. [8+8]
4. (a) A single acting reciprocating pump running at 30 rpm, delivers 0.012m3 /s of
water. The diameter of the piston is 25 cm and stroke length 50 cm. Determine
i. The theoretical discharge of the pump.
ii. Co-efficient of discharge and
iii. Slip and percentage of the pump.
(b) A double acting reciprocating pump, running at 50 rpm is discharging 900
liters of water per minute. The pump has stroke of 400 mm. The diameter of
piston is 250 mm. the delivery and suction heads are 25 m and 4 m respectively.
Find the slip of the pump and power required to drive the pump. [8+8]
5. (a) What do you mean by manometric efficiency, mechanical efficiency and overall
efficiency of a centrifugal pump.
(b) The diameters of an impeller of a centrifugal pump at inlet and outlet are
20 cm and 40 cm respectively. Determine the minimum speed for starting the
pump if it works against head of 25 m. [8+8]
6. (a) Why are centrifugal pumps used sometimes in parallel and sometimes in series?
Draw the following characteristic curves for a centrifugal pump:
Head, power and efficiency versus discharge with constant speed.
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(b) Define cavitation? What are the effects of cavitation? Give the necessary
precautions against cavitation. [10+6]
7. (a) The water is supplied at a pressure of 14 N/cm2 to an accumulator, having a

ram of diameter 1.5 m. If the total lift of the ram is 8 m, determine:
i. The capacity of the accumulator, and
ii. Total weight placed on the ram ( including the weight of ram)
(b) A hydraulic press has a ram of 150 mm diameter, plunger of 20 mm diameter.
The stroke of the plunger is 200 mm and weight lifted is 800 N. If the distance
moved by the weight is 1.0 m in 20 minutes determine:
i. The force applied on the plunger,
ii. Power required to drive the plunger, and
iii. Number of strokes performed by the plunger. [6+10]
8. (a) The rate of flow of water through a pipe of length 1500 m and of diameter 800
mm is 2 m3 /s. At the end of the pipe, a nozzle of outside diameter 200 mm is
fitted. Find the power transmitted through the nozzle if the head of water at
the inlet of the pipe is 180 m and f = 0.01 for pipe.
(b) The pressure at the inlet of a pipe is 7 MN/m2 . The length of the pipe line
is 15 km. Find the diameter of the pipe required if 74 kW power is to be
transmitted. Find the η of transmission also. [8+8]
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1. 5 cm diameter jet having a velocity of 20m/sec, strikes a flat plate, the normal of
which is inclined at 250 to the axis of the jet. Calculate the normal force exerted
on the plate
(a) When the plate is stationary

(b) When the plate is moving with a velocity of 10m/sec in the direction of the
jet.
(c) When the plate is moving with a velocity of 7m/sec parallel to itself and in
the direction of the normal to its surface. [4+6+6]
2. An inward flow reaction turbine has outer and inner diameters of the wheel as 1 m
and 0.5 m respectively. The vanes are radial at inlet and the discharge is radial.
Water enters the vanes at an angle of 100 . Assuming the velocity of flow as 3 m/s
and constant, find the speed of the wheel and the vane angle at outlet. [16]
3. Define the terms unit head, suction specific speed, unit power, unit speed and unit
discharge with reference to a hydraulic turbine. Also derive expressions for these
terms. [16]
4. A single acting reciprocating pump has a piston 125 mm in diameter and 260 mm
stroke and runs normally at 50 r.p.m. The axis of the barrel is horizontal and 4 m
above the level of water in the sump. The suction pipe is 60 mm in diametr, 10 m
long and has f=0.032. An air vessel is fitted on the suction pipe close to the inlet
valve to the cylinder. Calculate the work done during the suction stroke when
(a) the pump runs at normal speed with air vessel functioning normally
(b) the air vessel is water logged and the pump runs at half the normal speed to
avoid knocking. [16]
5. (a) What do you mean by manometric efficiency, mechanical efficiency and overall
efficiency of a centrifugal pump.
(b) The diameters of an impeller of a centrifugal pump at inlet and outlet are
20 cm and 40 cm respectively. Determine the minimum speed for starting the
pump if it works against head of 25 m. [8+8]
6. (a) What do you understand by characteristic curves of a pump? What is the

significance of the characteristic curves.

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(b) Find the number of pumps required to take water from a deep well under a
total head of 89 m. All the pumps are identical and are running at 800 r.p.m.
the specific speed of each pump is given as 25 while the rated capacity of each
pump is 0.16 m3 /s. [8+8]
7. (a) A hydraulic lift raises a load of 80 kN through a height of 12 m once after

every two minutes. The speed of the lift is 60 cm/sec. the lift is operated
by an accumulator which is continuously charged by a pump. The pressure
of water is 4.5 bar. Take pump η = 0.85 and lift η = 0.75. Find the power
required to drive the pump and maximum capacity of accumulator. Neglect
friction losses.
(b) A hydraulic press, operated by a lever has 3 cm diameter plunger and leverage
is 10. Find the diameter of ram required to raise the load 15 MN when the
force applied is 20 kN at the free end of lever. Assume that losses are 20%.
[10+6]
8. (a) A pipe line of length 2000 m is used for power transmission. If 110.3625 kW
power is to be transmitted through the pipe in which water having a pressure
of 490.5 N/ cm2 at inlet is flowing. Find the diameter of the pipe and efficiency
of transmission if the pressure drop over the length of pipe is 98.1 N/ cm2 .
take f = 0.0065.
(b) Find the maximum power transmitted by a jet of water discharging freely out
of nozzle fitted to a pipe of 300 m long and 100 mm diameter with co-efficient
of friction as 0.01. The available head at the nozzle is 90 m. [10+6]
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1. Show that for a curved radial vane, the work done per second is given by
ρaV1 [Vw1 u1 ± Vw2 u2 ].
2. Write short notes on:
(a) Scroll casing
(b) Turbine efficiencies
(c) oil pressure regulator
(d) Electro hydraulic governor.
[16]
[16]
3. (a) What are unit quantities. Define the unit quantities for a turbine. Why are
they important?
(b) A water turbine develops 175 hp at 230r.p.m. under a head of 16m. Determine
the scale ratio and the speed of a similar machine which will generate 900 h.p
working under a head of 25 m. [8+8]
4. Derive expressions for the accelerations and friction head impressed on the water in
the suction and delivery pipes. Sketch indicator diagram and determine the work
done per stroke of the pump. [16]
5. (a) Define a centrifugal pump. Explain the working of a single-stage centrifugal
pump with sketches.
(b) The internal and external diameters of the impellers of a centrifugal pumps
are 300 mm and 600 mm respectively. The pump is running at 1000 r.p.m.
The vane angles at inlet and outlet are 20o and 30o respectively. The water
enters the impeller radially and velocity of flow is constant. Determine the
work done by the impeller per unit weight of water.
6. (a) How the model testing of the centrifugal pumps are made.
[8+8]
(b) The diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump at inlet and outlet are 30
cm and 60 cm respectively. Determine the minimum starting speed of the
pump if it works against a head of 30 m. [8+8]
7. A hydraulic lift is required to lift a load of 12 kN through a height of 10 m, once in
every 1.75 minutes. The speed of the lift is 0.75 m/s. During working stroke of the
lift, water from accumulator and the pump at a pressure of 400 N/ cm2 is supplied
to the lift. If the efficiency of the pump is 80% and that of lift 75%, find the power
required to drive the pump and the minimum capacity of the accumulator. Neglect
friction losses in the pipe. [16]
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8. (a) A pipe of diameter 300 mm and length 3500 m is used for the transmission of
power by water. The total head at the inlet of the pipe is 500 m. Find the
maximum power available at the outlet of the pipe, if the value of f=0.006.
(b) A nozzle is fitted at the end of a pipe of length 300 m and of diameter
100 mm. For the maximum transmission of power through the nozzle, find
the diameter of nozzle. Take f = 0.009. [8+8]
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www.andhracolleges.

com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: R05310302 Set No. 1

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: R05310302 Set No. 1

(a) The capacity of jigger cylinder,

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Code No: R05310302 Set No. 2

2. A Kaplan turbine develops 1875kW under a head of 6m with overall efficiency of

3. (a) Show that Pelton Wheel is a low specific speed turbine.

4. (a) A single acting reciprocating pump running at 30 rpm, delivers 0.012m3 /s of

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: R05310302 Set No. 2

7. (a) The water is supplied at a pressure of 14 N/cm2 to an accumulator, having a

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Code No: R05310302 Set No. 3

(a) When the plate is stationary

6. (a) What do you understand by characteristic curves of a pump? What is the

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

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Code No: R05310302 Set No. 3

7. (a) A hydraulic lift raises a load of 80 kN through a height of 12 m once after

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Code No: R05310302 Set No. 4

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Code No: R05310302 Set No. 4

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