08r05310205 Linear and Discrete Systems Analysis

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Code No: R05310205 Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
LINEAR AND DISCRETE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Obtain the state variable model for the circuit as shown in figure 1a.
Figure 1a
(b) Obtain the transfer function representation for a system represented by ma-
trixes.
   
0 1 0 0
A= 0 0 1  b= 0  c= 2 1 0 . [8+8]
−10 −2 −3 1
2. (a) Determine and plot the voltage across the resistor in the circuit shown in figure
2a, using circuit analysis techniques if the input is a square wave with T =1
and To = 1/4 as shown in figure 2a.
Figure 2a
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www.andhracolleges.com Figure 2a
(b) Determine the power represented by following and also determine the volt-
ampere and power factor V = 100 sin (ωt + 30◦ )−50 sin (3ωt + 60◦ )+25 sin 5ωt
volts. i = 20 sin (ωt − 30◦ ) + 15 sin (3ωt + 30◦ ) + 10 cos (5ωt − 60◦ ) amperes.
3. (a) Verify the parsevals theorem for the signal g(t) = e−αt u(t)
(b) If g(t) ⇔ G(ω) show that g∗ (t) ⇔ G∗ (−ω).
[8+8]
[8+8]
4. (a) Determine the LT, ROC and location of poles and zeros of x(s) for the following
signals.
jωo t
i. x(t) = e u(t)
ii. x(t) = sin(3t)u(t)
(b) Determine the initial and final values of a signal x(t) whose unilateral LT is
7S+10
i. x(s) = S(S+2)
−5S

ii. x(s) = e . [8+8]
−2
S(S+2)
5. (a) State and explain the properties of positive real function.

(b) Check whether given polynomial H(s) = 2s4 + 5s3 + 6s2 + 2s + 1 is Hurwitz
or not. [8+8]
6. An impedance function has all the poles and zeros located on imaginary (jw) axis
with poles at w=2, 0, -2 and zeros at w=3, 1, -1, -3.
If Z(−2) = −130
16
, synthesize the impedance in
(a) Foster-I and II forms.

(b) Cauer-I and II forms. [2 × 8]
7. For a low pass signal with a bandwidth of 6000Hz, what is the minimum sampling
frequency for perfect reconstruction of the signal? What is the minimum required
sampling frequency if a guard band of 200Hz is required? What is the minimum
required sampling frequency and the value of ‘K’ for perfect reconstruction if the
reconstruction
 filter has the following frequency response
 K , |f| < 7000
H(f) = K − K( |f| − 7000/3000, 7 000 < |f | < 10000 . [16]
0 , otherwise

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8. Use the derivative property, to find the Z-transform of the following sequences:
n
(a) x1 (n) = n 12 u(n − 2)
(b) x2 (n) = n1 (−2)−n u(−n − 1) [2 × 8]
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1. (a) Write the state equations for the network given as shown in figure 1a.
Figure 1a
(b) Use the eigen method, find the state transition matrix for the system with the
following
parameter matrices.

−4 1 1 2 0
A= B=
−2 −1 0 −1 1
[8+8]

C = −3 1 D = −1 0 1
2. (a) Find the Fourier series of the waveform shown in figure 2a using exponential
form. Plot the amplitude and phase spectrum.
Figure 2a
(b) Determine the effective voltage, effective current and average power supplied
to a passive network of the applied voltage is ν(t) = 100 + 50 cos (10t + 30) +
25 cos (30t + 60) volts and the resulting current is i(t) = 2 cos (10t + 75◦ ) +
3 cos (30t + 78◦ ) amp. [10+6]
3. (a) Determine the F.T. of a trapzoidal function and triangular RF pulse f(t) shown
in figure 3(a)i, figure 3(a)ii. Draw its spectrum.
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i. Figure 3(a)i
Figure 3(a)i
ii. figure 3(a)ii
Figure 3(a)ii
(b) Show that a normalized Gaussian pulse is its own fourier transform. [8+8]
4. (a) Find the LT of

i. f (t) = cos (t − π/4) u (t − π/4)
−(t+α)
ii. f (t) = e cos (ωt + β)
(b) Find the LT of x(t) = e−5t [u(t) − u(t − 5)] and its ROC. [8+8]
5. (a) What is Hurwitz polynomial? State the properties of Hurwitz polynomial.

(b) Test whether the polynomial P (s) = s4 + s3 + 2s2 + 3s + 4 is Hurwitz or not.
[8+8]
6. Synthesize the following functions in Cauer form.

s3 +2s2 +s+1
(a) Z(s) = s3 +s2 +s
s3 +2s2 +2s+1
(b) Z(s) = s4 +s3 +3s2 +s+1
. [2 × 8]
7. Find the mean square value of the output voltage vo (t) of an RC network shown
in figure 7 if the input voltage has a power density spectrum Si (w) given by
(a) Si (w)= k
(b) Si (w)= G2 (w) [gate function with cutoff at w=1]
(c) Si (w)= π [δ(w + 1)+δ(w − 1)]
In each case, also calculate the power of the input signal. [16]

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Figure 7
8. (a) Deduce the relation between Z-plane and S-plane.
(b) Using the relation in (a) if a pole is located at ‘-a’ in S-plane then where does
this get located in Z-plane? [8+8]
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...
1. (a) Consider the system. y + 6ÿ + 11ẏ + 6y = 6u where y is the output and u is
the i/p to the system. Obtain the state space representation.
(b) Obtain
the statetransition matrix for the following system
0 1
Ẋ = X. [8+8]
−2 −3
2. (a) Find the trigonometric Fourier series of the triangular waveform shown in
figure 2a.
f (θ) = a2 /2 +
1
2
α
P
n=1
P
Figure 2a
(b) A periodic function f (θ)with period 2Π is expressed in Fourier Series as
α
1
(an cos nθ + bn sin θ) Prove that 2Π
(a2n + b2n ).
n=1
RΠ
−Π
2
[f (θ)]2 dθ = a2o +
[8+8]
3. (a) Let x(t) be a real, odd signal.

Show that x(ω) = ℑ {x(t)} is pure imaginary and odd.
(b) Prove the modulation property
1
ℑ 2Π
x(t)y(t)←
→ [x(ω) ∗ y(ω)]. [8+8]
4. (a) It is given that

2 +bs+c
f (s) = s3as
+2s2 +s+1
find a,b and c such that f (0+ ) = f 1 (0+ ) = f n (0+ ) = 1
(b) Find the LT’s for the waveforms shown in figure 4(b)i, figure 4(b)ii.
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i. Figure 4(b)i
Figure 4(b)i
ii. Figure 4(b)ii
Figure 4(b)ii
5. (a) Find the range of value of ‘a’ so that H(s) = s4 + s3 + as2 + s + 3 is Hurwitz.
1+s+s 2
(b) Find the even and odd parts of impedance function Z(s) = (4+s+s 2 ) and hence
find out Re Z(s) and Im Z(s) is positive real as well as realizable. [8+8]
(s+1)(s+3)
6. Synthesize following F(s) in two Foster forms F (s) = (s+4)(s+2)
. [16]
7. (a) A signal m(t) = cos 200 πt+2 cos 320 πt is ideally sampled at fs =300Hz. If
the sampled signal is passed through an ideal LPF with a cutoff frequency of
250Hz, what frequency components will appear in the output?
P
(b) Verify that ms (t) = m(t)δT (t) = ∞n=−∞ m(nTs )δ(t − nTs ). [8+8]
8. The output y(n) of a discrete-time LTI system is found to be 2(1/3)n u(n) when the
input x(n) is u(n)
(a) Find the impulse response h(n) of the system.

1 n

(b) Find the output y(n) when the input x(n) is 2
u(n). [8+8]
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1. (a) Write the matrix state equation for the network shown in figure 1a.
Figure 1a
(b) Find the response of the circuit as shown in figure 1b. [8+8]
www.andhracolleges.com Figure 1b
2. A 2 ohm resistive load is supplied from a full wave rectifier connected to 230V,
50Hz single phase supply. Determine the average and rms values of load current.
Also find out the proportion of DC power and AC power to the total power in the
load. Investigate the effect of adding an inductance in series with the load.[8+4+4]
3. (a) Use properties of FT, show that the FT of

tn−1 −at 1
x(t) = (n−1) e u(t), a > 0 and (a+jω) n
(b) Explain the FT of the real and imaginary parts of the complex valued function
g(t) in terms of G(t) and its complex conjugates. [8+8]
−at
4. (a) Find the convolution integral when f1 (t) = e and f2 (t) = 1
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(b) A rectangular voltage pulse of unit height and duration T seconds is applied
to a series RC circuit at t = 0 as shown in figure 4b. Determine the voltage
across the capacitor as a function of time. Assume the condenser to be initially
uncharged. [8+8]
5. (a) Explain the properties of positive real function.
Figure 4b
(b) Test whether the following functions are positive real functions or not
5(s2 +2s+1)
i. Y (s) = s3 +2s2 +2s+40
s3 +5s
ii. Y (s) = s4 +2s2 +1
. [8+4+4]
6. (a) Given the driving-point impedance function

2 +2)
Z(s) = (s2s(s
+1)(s2 +4)
Synthesize a ladder network of the first Cauer form for this impedance func-
tion.
(b) A network is made up of a series connection of an RL network and RC network.
Assuming that neither of the networks is a short circuit find the location of
poles and also the location of zeros. What is the behavior at the origin and
at infinity? [8+8]
7. (a) Derive the relation between Auto-correlation function and Energy/Power spec-
tral density function.
(b) Find out an expression for the correlation function of a square wave having
the values 1 or 0 and a period T. [8+8]
8. Find the Z-transform of the sequences:

n
X
= (1 + k), n ≥ 0
(a) x1 (n) k=0
= 0, n < 0

N N!
(b) x2 (n) = = n!(N −n)!
, 0 ≤ n ≤ N. [8+8]
n
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com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: R05310205 Set No. 1

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Code No: R05310205 Set No. 1

5. (a) State and explain the properties of positive real function.

(a) Foster-I and II forms.

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Code No: R05310205 Set No. 1

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Code No: R05310205 Set No. 2

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Code No: R05310205 Set No. 2

4. (a) Find the LT of

5. (a) What is Hurwitz polynomial? State the properties of Hurwitz polynomial.

6. Synthesize the following functions in Cauer form.

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Code No: R05310205 Set No. 2

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Code No: R05310205 Set No. 3

3. (a) Let x(t) be a real, odd signal.

4. (a) It is given that

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Code No: R05310205 Set No. 3

(a) Find the impulse response h(n) of the system.

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Code No: R05310205 Set No. 4

3. (a) Use properties of FT, show that the FT of

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Code No: R05310205 Set No. 4

6. (a) Given the driving-point impedance function

8. Find the Z-transform of the sequences:

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