2015

Answer ALL questions

1.
2.

x(t ) cos( wo t ) sin 2 (2 wo t )

Consider the signal

. Find the complex exponential Fourier Series.

(10 marks)
Find the normalized power or energy for the following signals :x (t ) 2 cos( 4t 2 / 3)
a)
(5 marks)
x(t ) e t u (t )
b)
(5 marks)

3.

An AM modulator has an output of

x(t ) 30 cos( 2 (200)t ) 4 cos( 2 (180)t ) 4 cos( 2 (220)t )
Determine the modulation index and efficiency.
(20 marks)

4. Identify the following random variable as being DISCRETE or CONTINUOUS.

(a) The number of times during last six month you visited your family Doctor
(b) A persons age
(c) The number of defective light bulbs in a box of ten
(d) The time required to run a kilometer
(e) The contents of a bottle of fluid is quoted as 1025mL
(10 marks)

5. Suppose a random variable, x, has a uniform distribution with a = 2 and b = 10.

(a) Sketch the PDF of the distribution
(b)Determine P(x 6) and P(5 x 9)
(c) Compute the mean, and standard deviation, , of this random variable.
(d)Determine the probability that x is in the interval of ( 2)
(10 marks)

6. An Additive white Gaussian Noise (AWGN) can be generated from Normal Distribution, with the

Probability Distribution Function, P(x) given as follow and sketch in Figure 1 when =0 and =1:

where is the mean, and is

the standard deviation.

Figure 1
(a) Sketch the PDF when =5 and =8.

(10 marks)

7. The message signal m(t) has a bandwidth of 25 kHz, a power of 15 W and a maximum amplitude of 5 V.
If it is desired to transmit this message to a destination via a channel with 60 dB attenuation and the
additive white noise with power spectral density Sn(f) = N0/2 = 10-11 W/Hz, and achieve a SNR at the
modulator output of at least 30 dB. What is the required transmitter power and the channel bandwidth if
the following modulation scheme are employed?
(a)
Double Sideband Amplitude Modulation (DSB AM)
(b)
Singe Sideband Amplitude Modulation (SSB AM)
(c)
Conventional AM with modulation index, a = 0.5
(20 marks)

SELAMAT MAJU JAYA

2014
Answer ALL questions

1. An AM modulator has an output of

xc (t ) 25 cos 2 (150t ) 5 cos 2 (160t ) 25 cos 2 (140t )

Calculate the modulation index and efficiency.

(15 marks)

2. Assume that a message signal is given by

m(t ) 2 cos( 2f m t ) cos( 4f m t )

Calculate an expression for

xc (t )

^
1
1
Ac m(t ) cos( 2f c t ) Ac m(t ) cos( 2f c t )
2
2

for Ac = 4. Show that the result is upper-sideband or lower sideband SSB depending
upon the choice of the algebraic sign.
(20 marks)

3. An

FM

modulator

has

an

output

xc (t ) 100 cos 2f c t 2f d m( )d

where

(t 4)
8

m(t ) 4
fd = 20 Hz/V. Assume that m(t) is the rectangular pulse
Determine the:
a) Phase deviation in radians.
(8 marks)
b) Frequency deviation in hertz.
(3 marks)
c) Peak frequency deviation.
(1 mark)
d) Peak phase deviation.
(1 mark)
e) Power at the modulator output.
(2 marks)

6. Identify the following random variable as being DISCRETE or CONTINUOUS.

(f) The total number of phone calls a subscriber makes in a month
(g)The length (in minutes) of a videocost of a randomly selected can of Coke
(h)Internet connection speed in kilobytes per second
(i) Temperature on a randomly selected day in UKM
(j) Points scored in an NCAA basketball game
(10 marks)

7. Suppose a random variable, x, has a uniform distribution with a = 5 and b = 9.

(e) Sketch the PDF of the distribution
(f) Determine P(x 7) and P(5.5 x 8)
(g)Compute the mean, and standard deviation, , of this random variable.
(h)Determine the probability that x is in the interval ( 2)
(10 marks)

2013
Answer ALL questions

1. Find the normalized for each signal given below whether it is a POWER or ENERGY signal.

x(t ) 2 cos( 4t 2 / 3)
(a)
x(t ) e t u (t )

(b)
(10 marks)

2. Find the Fourier Transform of the waveform as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1
(10 marks)

3. Sketch the amplitude modulation,

AM (t )

for modulation index of = 0.5 and =

m(t ) B cos m t

1, when

.
(10 marks)

4. Identify the following random variable as being DISCRETE or CONTINUOUS.

(k) The weight of the cola in a randomly selected can
(l) The cost of a randomly selected can of Coke
(m)
The time it takes to fill a can of Pepsi
(n) The amount of cola (in gram) in a can of Pepsi
(o) The number of cans of Coke on a beverage delivery truck
(10 marks)
5. Discuss and compare the performance of envelope detection and coherence
detection in the presence of noise at low and high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).
(10 marks)

6. Figures 2(a) and 2(b) shows a sample of input noise, W(t) from a noise generator
and output noise, N(t) after a low pass filter respectively with a sample rate of
22050 kHz. The Probability Distribution Function (PDF) or Histogram (in Matlab) of
the noise signals observed at certain time is as shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b).

Figure 2

Figure 3
What random process or distribution model is most appropriate for the noise?
Distinguish between the input and output of noise and their distribution.
(10 marks)
e t / 2
7. Calculate the compact trigonometric Fourier series for the exponential
shown
in Figure 4 over an area of 0 t .

Figure 4
(20 marks)

8. The message signal m(t) has a bandwidth of 20 kHz, a power of 15 W and a

maximum amplitude of 6. If it is desired to transmit this message to a destination

via a channel with 60 dB attenuation and the additive white noise with power
spectral density

Sn(f) = N0/2 = 10-12 W/Hz, and achieve a SNR at the

modulator output of at least 40 dB. What is the required transmitter power and
the channel bandwidth if the following modulation scheme are employed?
(a) Double Sideband Amplitude Modulation (DSB AM)
(b)Singe Sideband Amplitude Modulation (SSB AM)
(c) Conventional AM with modulation index, a = 0.5
(20 marks)

SELAMAT MAJU JAYA