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Lecture 1
Overview of ABAQUS/Explicit
Overview of ABAQUS/Explicit
What is Explicit Dynamics?
ABAQUS/Explicit vs. ABAQUS/Standard
Some Challenging Problems
Defining an ABAQUS/Explicit Procedure
Stable Time Increment
Bulk Viscosity Damping
Energy Balance
Monitoring Diagnostic Messages
Output
L1.2
L1.4
&& = P I
Mu
L1.5
&& ( t ) = M 1 ( P I )
u
(t )
where P is the external load vector and I is the internal load vector.
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Crimp
joint
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Original
bracket
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Defining an ABAQUS/Explicit
Procedure
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*STEP
*DYNAMIC, EXPLICIT
, ttotal
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tmin
max
( 1+ )
2
L1.29
.....
One-dimensional problem
The stable time increment is the minimum time that a dilatational (i.e.,
pressure) wave takes to move across any element in the model.
Dilatation consists of volume expansion and contraction.
L1.30
cd =
where
L1.31
t =
Le
.
cd
Decreasing Le and/or increasing cd will reduce the size of the stable time
increment.
Decreasing element dimensions reduces Le.
Increasing material stiffness increases cd.
Decreasing material compressibility increases cd.
Decreasing material density increases cd.
L1.32
jounce bumper
critical elements
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element
1247
element
485
STEP
TOTAL
STABLE
INCREMENT TIME ... INCREMENT
.
.
.
5892 3.000E+00 ... 5.087E-04
CRITICAL
ELEMENT
KINETIC
ENERGY
485
2.457E+02
6876
485
2.730E+02
7861
485
3.581E+02
8876
1247
4.106E+02
10702
1247
4.208E+02
12890
1247
3.859E+02
jounce bumper at
time 5.0 seconds
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Energy Balance
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Energy Balance
Energy balances
An energy balance equation can be used to help evaluate whether an
ABAQUS/Explicit simulation is yielding an appropriate response.
In ABAQUS/Explicit the energy balance equation is written as
L1.44
Energy Balance
These energies can be requested for the entire model or for subsets of the
model.
Indicators of problems when reviewing the energy balance are:
Excessive artificial strain energy that is used to suppress hourglass
modes.
It should be less than 12% of EI for all but the enhanced
hourglass control method.
Hourglassing is discussed in detail in Lecture 2, Elements.
Excessive kinetic energy in a quasi-static simulation.
The kinetic energy should be a small fraction (typically 510%) of
EW or EI.
Remember that rigid bodies with mass contribute to the total
kinetic energy in the model.
Quasi-static analysis is discussed in detail in Lecture 5, QuasiStatic Analyses.
Copyright 2005 ABAQUS, Inc.
L1.45
Energy Balance
Indicators of problems (contd):
A large change in the total energy of the model.
Such a change could be caused by exceeding the stability limit
(t > tmin)
The presence of conflicting constraints can also result in a
change in total energy.
There is an example of this in Lecture 4, Contact Modeling.
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Output
Output
Four types of output are available:
Neutral binary output can be written to the output database (.odb) file.
Restart output can be written to the restart (.res) file.
This output is used for:
conducting restart analyses
discussed in Lecture 10, Managing Large Models
transferring results between ABAQUS/Explicit and
ABAQUS/Standard
discussed in Lecture 11, ABAQUS/Explicit
ABAQUS/Standard interface
Selected results (.sel) file output can be written for third-party
postprocessing.
It is not discussed further here.
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Output
Output to the output database file
The output database file is used by ABAQUS/Viewer.
An interface (API) is available in Python and C++ to use for external
postprocessing (e.g., to add data to display in ABAQUS/Viewer).
Two types of output data: field and history data.
Field data are used for model (deformed, contour, etc.) and XY plots.
*OUTPUT, FIELD
Output
Example of a history output
request:
Output can be restricted to
specific regions of the model.
The frequency at which output is
written can be controlled.
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Output
Preselected output includes the most commonly used output variables for
a given analysis procedure.
The following field output variables are saved by default:
Element variables: S, LE, PE, PEEQ
Nodal and surface variables: U, V, A, RF, CSTRESS
*OUTPUT, FIELD, VARIABLE=PRESELECT
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Output
The default history output consists of all the global (whole model)
energies:
ALLKE, ALLSE, ALLWK, ALLPD, ALLCD, ALLVD, ALLDMD,
ALLAE, ALLIE, ALLFD, ETOTAL
*OUTPUT, HISTORY, VARIABLE=PRESELECT
Energy history
for a wire crimping analysis
Copyright 2005 ABAQUS, Inc.
L1.55
Output
Output requests are propagated to subsequent steps defined in the model.
The request can be modified in a later step.