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As seen from a planet that is superior, if an inferior planet is on the opposite side of the Sun, it is in superior
conjunction with the Sun. An inferior conjunction occurs when the two planets lie in a line on the same
side of the Sun. In an inferior conjunction, the superior planet is "in opposition" to the Sun as seen from the
inferior planet.
The terms "inferior conjunction" and "superior conjunction" are used in particular for the planets Mercury
and Venus, which are inferior planets as seen from the Earth. However, this definition can be applied to any
pair of planets, as seen from the one farther from the Sun.
A planet (or asteroid or comet) is simply said to be in conjunction, when it is in conjunction with the Sun, as
seen from the Earth. The Moon is in conjunction with the Sun at New Moon (or rather Dark Moon).
"Quasi-conjunctions" are also possible; in this scenario, a planet in retrograde motion always either
Mercury or Venus will "drop back" in right ascension until it almost allows another planet to overtake it,
but then the former planet will resume its forward motion and thereafter appear to draw away from it again.
This will occur in the morning sky, before dawn; or the reverse may happen in the evening sky after dusk,
with Mercury or Venus entering retrograde motion just as it is about to overtake another planet (often
Mercury and Venus are both of the planets involved, and when this situation arises they may remain in very
close visual proximity for several days or even longer). The quasi-conjunction is reckoned as occurring at
the time the distance in right ascension between the two planets is smallest, even though, when declination is
taken into account, they may appear closer together shortly before or after this.
Notable conjunctions
This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. Please help clarify the section; suggestions may be
found on the talk page. (May 2007)
Triangular conjunction formed by the Moon, Venus (left) and Jupiter, seen from So Paulo, Brazil, on 1
December 2008.
Moon, Venus and Jupiter formed a smile face :) seen from Eastern Asia
2008
On 1 December 2008, Venus, Jupiter, and the crescent moon converge in a rare conjunction to form a tight
triangle in the evening after sunset, visible worldwide. It was similar to a happy "V" face, or a frowning
face.[2]
2007
A very remarkable planetary/galactic configuration occurred on 2324 December 2007. The configuration
on December 23 Mars, Earth, Sun, Mercury, Jupiter, Galactic Centre is shown in the graphic
simulation linked below; it becomes even more remarkable in that it was accompanied by the Full Moon
(conjunct Mars) at about 2 a.m. on December 24 when a simultaneous Venus square Neptune occurred. It is
even more remarkable in that the Pluto/Sun conjunction appears exactly on the December Solstice, just past
conjunction with the Galactic Centre.
Link below is the view from Mars toward the Jupiter, Mars, Earth, Mercury, Pluto alignment toward the
Galactic Centre on 23 December 2007 which occurs just after the Pluto/Jupiter (Heliocentric) conjunction on
23 November 2007. NASA Solar System Simulator for 23 December 2007
Solar System on 22 December 2007. What is not shown is Pluto (which would be to Jupiter's right) Saturn,
which follows down from Venus, and Uranus and Neptune. Saturn and Neptune form the cross's t-member.
It is a 23/12 configuration. There will be a full moon on 23 December 2007.
2002
In late April 2002, a rare great conjunction occurred; in which Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus and Mercury
were all visible concomitantly in the west-northwest sky, shortly after sundown; this will happen again in
early July 2060, except that on that occasion the quintet will be bunched in the east-northeast sky, shortly
before dawn.
2000
In May 2000, the five brightest planets aligned within 20 of the Sun, as seen from the Earth. This could not
be observed since they were too close to the Sun.
1987
On August 24, 1987, the five objects closest to Earth the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus and Mars were
within approximately 5 of one another, the Sun setting first, followed by Mars, Venus, Mercury and the
Moon, in that order, within 20 minutes. As in the 2000 conjunction above, this event was unobservable due
to the Sun being part of the line-up.
1962
During the new moon and solar eclipse of February 45, 1962, an extremely rare great conjunction of the
classical planets occurred (it included all five of the naked-eye planets plus the Sun and Moon), all of them
within 16 of one another on the ecliptic. At the precise moment of the new moon/solar eclipse, five celestial
bodies (the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, and Jupiter) were clustered within 3 of each other, with the Earth
in close conjunction with them. Taken in totality though, this grand conjunction included the Sun, Moon,
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, with the Earth also in alignment with the Sun and Moon at the
exact moment of the new moon/solar eclipse (eight celestial bodies in total).
1899
During the new moon on December 23, 1899, a near-grand conjunction of the classical planets and several
other binocular bodies occurred. The Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars and Saturn were all within 15 of each
other, with Venus 5 ahead of this conjunction and Jupiter 15 behind. Accompanying the classical planets in
this grand conjunction were Uranus (technically visible unaided in pollution-free skies) Ceres and Pallas.
Conjunctions of planets in right ascension 2005-2020
2005
Date
Time
UTC
Planet
Angle distance
Planet
Elongation to
sun
January 4, 2005
07:04:06 Venus
727' south of
Pluto
20,8 West
January 5, 2005
00:58:49 Mercury
659' south of
Pluto
21,6 West
00:40:51 Mercury
21' south of
Venus
18.5 West
07:05:35 Mars
815' south of
Pluto
45,5 West
February 8, 2005
01:29:22 Mercury
204' south of
Neptune
4.2 West
19:15:10 Venus
58' south of
Neptune
10.7 West
00:46:34 Mercury
100' south of
Uranus
4.9 East
March 4, 2005
03:31:36 Venus
41' south of
Uranus
6.6 West
22:31:53 Mercury
449' north of
Venus
1.5 West
00:26:23 Mars
115' south of
Neptune
66.0 West
20:24:10 Mars
111' south of
Uranus
73.8 West
21:22:52 Venus
118' north of
Saturn
22.8 East
06:13:43 Mercury
125' north of
Saturn
22.5 East
20:18:55 Mercury
5' south of
Venus
23.3 East
July 7, 2005
08:21:22 Mercury
138' south of
Venus
25.8 East
September 2, 2005
12:05:52 Venus
122' south of
Jupiter
38.7 East
October 6, 2005
07:01:37 Mercury
128' south of
Jupiter
12.6 East
16:11:20 Venus
1108' south of
Pluto
46,8 East
15:55:12 Mercury
736' south of
Pluto
14,9 West
2006
Date
02:23:03
Mercury 753'south of
Venus
February 1, 2006
12:13:51
15:40:57
Uranus
21:02:41
Venus
152' north of
12:27:31
Venus
19' north of
Uranus
45.0 West
22:50:40
Mars
35' north of
Saturn
42.0 East
22:40:10
Saturn
11.2 West
23:09:47
Venus
Saturn
16.3 West
4' north of
6.5 West
14.1 East
Mars
12.1 East
19:44:11
Venus
Mars
0.6 West
21:42:16
Jupiter
21.2 East
16:32:15
Jupiter
19.1 East
November 7, 2006
13:36:58
Venus
2.8 East
Mars
6.2 West
Venus
Jupiter
4.8 East
December 9, 2006
Mars
15.1 West
Jupiter
14.8 West
Mars
Jupiter
15.7 West
20:17:18
43' north of
27' south of
49' south of
2007
Date
18:10:50
Venus
125' south of
06:46:07
February 7, 2007
13:13:57
Venus
44' south of
Uranus
07:23:59
Mars
100' south of
April 1, 2007
06:59:14
Uranus
25.0 West
18:57:38
Mars
44' south of
Uranus
50.6 West
July 2, 2007
00:44:38
Venus
46' south of
Saturn
42.6 East
August 9, 2007
08:46:28
Venus
829' south of
Saturn
10.6 East
22:59:23
1.8 East
11:30:22
Saturn
3.2 East
14:05:43
Venus
256' south of
Saturn
45,8 West
Jupiter
1,9 East
24.6 East
2008
Date
04:14:53
February 1, 2008
04:14:53
Neptune 9 East
February 1, 2008
12:35:21
Venus
Jupiter
32 West
02:34:04
Venus
26.1 West
March 6, 2008
20:14:29
Venus
Neptune 24 West
March 9, 2008
02:48:02
10:13:50
Venus
20.3 West
17:00:46
Venus
Uranus
18.6 West
June 8, 2008
00:51:42
Venus
0.3 West
06:27:25
Mars
42' south of
Saturn
46.2 East
19:02:26
Venus
14' south of
Saturn
18 East
00:03:43
Saturn
16.1 East
05:08:57
Venus
20.5 East
Venus
25.4 East
Venus
Mars
25.5 East
Mars
25.3 East
Mars
23.3 East
December 1, 2008
00:36:13
Venus
202' south of
Jupiter
42.7 East
Venus
145' south of
35' north of
36' south of
45' south of
20' north of
Jupiter
18.6 East
2009
Date
06:19:19
Jupiter
4.7 East
15:34:10
Venus
Uranus
46.3 East
18:23:39
Mars
13.5 West
09:35:27
Mars
35' south of
Jupiter
18.8 West
03:08:31
Jupiter
24.1 West
March 1, 2009
20:21:59
Mars
21.8 West
March 5, 2009
00:52:04
March 8, 2009
04:18:03
Mars
21:36:59
124' north of
48' south of
Uranus
8.3 West
11:31:44
4 West
03:46:10
Mars
28' south of
Uranus
30.9 West
16:22:43
Venus
536' north of
Mars
29.8 West
14:20:29
Jupiter
24' south of
Neptune 98 West
14:16:32
Venus
202' south of
Mars
17:22:12
Jupiter
37' south of
21:20:26
Saturn
25.4 East
Saturn
3 West
October 8, 2009
09:19:27
Saturn
17.6 West
15:39:41
Venus
34' south of
Saturn
22.1 West
Jupiter
34' south of
44.6 West
2010
Date
January 5, 2010
07:30:46
Venus
February 7, 2010
22:43:25
Venus
104' south of
21:09:36
Venus
35' south of
Jupiter
05:07:37
March 3, 2010
22:43:19
Venus
Uranus
12.4 East
March 7, 2010
19:00:44
Jupiter
5.7 West
17:56:56
Uranus
1.6 East
June 6, 2010
18:30:37
Jupiter
28' south of
Uranus
75.7 West
August 1, 2010
19:41:06
Mars
156' south of
Saturn
51.5 East
01:44:26
Venus
38' south of
Saturn
44.4 East
21:29:05
Venus
227' south of
Mars
44.9 East
Jupiter
53' south of
Uranus
177.8 East
Venus
630' south of
Mars
33.7 East
October 8, 2010
14:57:51
Saturn
6.5 West
11:04:41
Venus
4.9 East
Mars
18.7 East
Mars
12.7 East
40' south of
1.7 West
8.8 East
2011
Date
January 2, 2011
13:41:09
Jupiter
13:50:48
Uranus
75 East
Mars
3.7 West
17:08:01
21:28:33
Mars
March 9, 2011
18:00:45
Uranus
11.1 East
17:25:56
Jupiter
15.7 West
00:37:44
Venus
9' south of
April 3, 2011
17:42:55
Mars
14' south of
Uranus
12.4 West
20:05:01
Jupiter
2.8 West
08:23:49
Mars
15.4 West
18:50:51
Venus
55' south of
Uranus
30 West
May 1, 2011
11:04:55
Mars
24' north of
Jupiter
18.2 West
22:46:50
Jupiter
25.3 West
09:14:56
Venus
Jupiter
25.7 West
01:17:23
Mars
22.2 West
15:13:00
Venus
Mars
22.7 West
23:17:56
Venus
1.3 West
Venus
124' south of
Saturn
11.8 East
October 7, 2011
Saturn
6.1 East
08:58:32
34' south of
38' south of
37' south of
103' south of
2012
Date
07:07:30
Venus
110' south of
05:19:14
Venus
20' north of
Uranus
00:40:40
March 6, 2012
23:35:54
Uranus
16.7 East
10:37:46
Venus
316' north of
Jupiter
44.6 East
02:11:51
Uranus
8.2 East
02:00:45
Uranus
26.3 West
07:12:01
Jupiter
6.3 West
41.3 East
June 1, 2012
20:40:22
Venus
6.7 East
08:46:15
Mars
254' south of
Saturn
60.1 East
October 6, 2012
07:06:36
Saturn
16.8 East
Venus
Saturn
29.0 West
34' south of
2013
Date
February 4, 2013
16:05:34
Mars
26' south of
February 6, 2013
20:41:22
February 8, 2013
21:09:19
Mars
15.1 East
22:31:25
Mars
11.6 East
08:10:56
Venus
March 6, 2013
07:21:59
Venus
5 West
18:23:53
Mars
1' north of
Uranus
5.9 East
17:14:45
Venus
43' south of
Uranus
0.7 East
April 6, 2013
15:45:52
Venus
42' south of
Mars
2.6 East
21:11:39
Uranus
20.3 West
May 7, 2013
22:16:22
Mars
4.6 West
03:52:17
Venus
15 West
09:47:09
Jupiter
17 East
20:39:31
Venus
Jupiter
15.9 East
17:37:02
Venus
22 East
05:45:11
Mars
47' north of
Jupiter
23.7 West
Venus
345' south of
Saturn
41.7 East
18:40:54
Saturn
23.6 East
21:00:50
Saturn
7.9 East
Saturn
17.5 West
46' south of
1 north of
2014
Date
January 7, 2014
10:28:53
Venus
11:38:46
08:19:49
Venus
16:11:35
Uranus
11.5 West
13:14:02
Venus
Uranus
39.9 West
42' north of
116' south of
5.9 East
August 2, 2014
16:39:29
Jupiter
6.5 West
04:08:26
Venus
12' north of
Jupiter
17.9 West
13:16:34
Mars
334' south of
Saturn
73.6 East
08:02:46
Venus
1.7 West
Venus
136' south of
Saturn
4.8 East
Saturn
6.8 West
Venus
12.6 East
2015
Date
January 5, 2015
16:30:15
Venus
21:33:54
Mars
14' south of
February 1, 2015
11:31:23
Venus
50' south of
19:43:28
Venus
28' south of
Mars
28.4 East
March 4, 2015
19:30:15
Venus
6' north of
Uranus
30.8 East
19:50:33
Mars
17' north of
Uranus
24.1 East
23:40:08
April 8, 2015
09:55:57
Uranus
1.8 West
07:09:00
Mars
13.7 East
15:20:33
Mars
4.8 East
July 1, 2015
14:17:16
Venus
Jupiter
42.2 East
04:29:03
Mars
8.9 West
19:47:59
Venus
626' south of
Jupiter
19.5 East
August 5, 2015
08:52:16
Venus
13.1 East
August 7, 2015
04:04:09
Jupiter
14.6 East
05:18:53
Venus
925' south of
Mars
21.3 West
13:50:10
Mars
24' north of
Jupiter
39.8 West
08:14:32
Venus
104' south of
Jupiter
46.4 West
November 3, 2015
16:08:44
Venus
42' south of
Mars
46.2 West
Saturn
4.3 East
24' south of
16.1 East
2016
Date
January 9, 2016
03:57:19
Venus
5' north of
22:12:11
13:51:16
Venus
32' south of
Saturn
36.3 West
23:41:55
Uranus
8.3 East
14:17:27
Venus
Uranus
11.7 West
20:49:07
Venus
6.5 West
17:39:09
Venus
10.9 East
17:52:42
Mars
423' south of
Saturn
97 East
04:57:57
Venus
22.1 East
21:47:56
Venus
Jupiter
22.3 East
04:17:47
Jupiter
11.5 West
08:25:30
Venus
302' south of
Saturn
36.9 East
Saturn
14.8 East
52' south of
4' north of
2017
Date
January 1, 2017
06:46:46
Mars
1' south of
01:46:45
Venus
25' north of
Neptune 47 East
08:20:34
Mars
37' north of
Uranus
March 4, 2017
05:34:17
23:21:32
Venus
9.5 East
05:55:27
Uranus
16.7 East
17:52:58
Uranus
13.4 West
May 7, 2017
23:22:48
Uranus
21.8 West
June 2, 2017
14:41:15
Venus
Uranus
45.2 West
18:17:30
Mars
8.7 East
September 2, 2017
00:07:46
Mars
10.8 West
Mars
16.9 West
October 5, 2017
13:25:48
Venus
Mars
23.4 West
14:56:38
Jupiter
6.4 East
Venus
Jupiter
13.8 West
Saturn
21.1 East
December 6, 2017
11:29:41
Saturn
13.9 East
Venus
5.9 West
Venus
Saturn
3.5 West
147' south of
13' north of
17' north of
108' south of
43.1 East
2018
Date
January 7, 2018
Mars
13' south of
Jupiter
58.8 West
14:19:55
Venus
10:07:00
March 5, 2018
18:28:59
Venus
13.4 East
01:16:29
Venus
16.4 East
0:13:21
Venus
4' south of
Uranus
19 East
April 2, 2018
11:53:07
Mars
116' south of
Saturn
93.7 West
21:01:21
Uranus
22.2 West
15:20:14
Venus
15.8 East
03:38:40
Jupiter
21.3 East
December 7, 2018
14:55:51
Mars
35' south of
2' south of
Jupiter
20.1 West
2019
Date
10:48:09
Saturn
10.1 West
05:47:42
Venus
226' north of
Jupiter
45.9 West
20:06:54
Uranus
103' north of
13:54:15
Venus
105' north of
Saturn
11:09:52
06:18:30
April 2, 2019
18:54:11
03:52:24
Venus
May 8, 2019
08:12:50
Uranus
14.1 West
08:12:13
Venus
Uranus
23.2 West
14:34:40
Mars
24.4 East
July 7, 2019
13:33:33
Mars
18.4 East
10:32:05
Venus
5.8 West
12:34:05
Venus
19' north of
Mars
3.1 East
September 3, 2019
10:44:25
Mars
1.1 West
Venus
8.5 East
Venus
20.3 East
Venus
124' south of
Jupiter
26.2 East
Venus
149' south of
Saturn
30 East
o
o
08:29:03
18' south of
109' south of
42.7 West
Cazimi (an extremely close conjunction involving the Sun, when a planet is conjoined with
the Sun within 17 arc minutes of exactitude from the center of the solar disc)
Combust (a moderate to close conjunction involving the Sun and another planet, though it is
not as close as Cazimi)
References
1.