Open Structure Wind

PROJECT :
CLIENT :
JOB NO. :
DESIGN BY :
REVIEW BY :
DATE :
Wind Analysis for Open Structure (Solar Panels) Based on ASCE 7-2010
INPUT DATA
Exposure category (B, C or D)
Iw
Importance factor, 1.0 only, (Table 1.5-2)

Basic wind speed (ASCE 7-10 26.5.1)
V
Kzt
h
Topographic factor (26.8 & Table 26.8-1)

Height of mean roof
Roof slope
Roof length
Roof horizontal projected width
Effective area of component / cladding
=
=
1.00
136
mph
=
=
Flat
ft
: 12
ft
ft
L
B
=
=
1
10.5
0
16
11.33
10
ft2
DESIGN SUMMARY
1. Main Wind-Force Resisting System
Max horizontal force / base shear from roof
0.00 kips
0.00 kips (eave & columns increasing)
0.00 kips
Max vertical download force

Max vertical uplift force
=
=
3.95 kips
4.48 kips
Max moment at centroid of base from roof
7.47 ft-kips
0.75 ft-kips (eave & columns increasing)
8.21 ft-kips
=
=
69 psf
103 psf
2. Component and Cladding Elements

Max inward pressure
Max net outward pressure
ANALYSIS
Velocity pressure
qh = 0.00256 Kh Kzt Kd V2
where:
=
34.21
psf
qh = velocity pressure at mean roof height, h. (Eq. 28.3-1 page 298 & Eq. 30.3-1 page 316)
Kh = velocity pressure exposure coefficient evaluated at height, h, (Tab. 28.3-1, pg 299)
Kd = wind directionality factor. (Tab. 26.6-1, for building, page 250)
=
=
h = height of mean roof

Main Wind-Force Resisting System (Sec. 27.4.3)
p = qh G CN
F = p Af
where:
G = gust effect factor. (Sec. 26.9)

= roof angle
=
=
<
Af = roof actual area.
=
=
CN = net force coefficients. (Fig. 27.4-4, page 267)

Check Fig. 27.4-4 limitation
0.00
CASE
A
p (psf)
F (kips)
B
p (psf)
F (kips)
h/B=
0.93
WIND TO BOTTOM, = 0o
CLEAR FLOW
OBSTRUCTED
CNW
CNL
CNW
CNL
1.20
34.89
3.16
-1.10
-31.99
-2.90
0.30
8.72
0.79
-0.10
-2.91
-0.26
-0.50
-14.54
-1.32
-1.10
-31.99
-2.90
-1.20
-34.89
-3.16
-0.60
-17.45
-1.58
within [0.25 , 1.0]
[Satisfactory]
WIND TO TOP, = 180o

CLEAR FLOW
OBSTRUCTED
CNW
CNL
CNW
1.20
34.89
3.16
-1.10
-31.99
-2.90
0.30
8.72
0.79
-0.10
-2.91
-0.26
-0.50
-14.54
-1.32
-1.10
-31.99
-2.90
Horizontal force / base shear

Vertical download force
Vertical uplift force
Bending moment at centroid of base
H (kips)
V (kips)
V (kips)
M (ft-kips)
CLEAR FLOW
OBSTRUCTED
CLEAR FLOW
CASE A
CASE B
CASE A
CASE B
CASE A
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.95
0.00
3.16
4.48
4.48
0.00
-6.719034701 7.46559411 -5.22591588 3.73279706 -6.719035
Component and Cladding Elements (Sec. 30.8.2)
p = qh G CN
where:
CN = net force coefficients. (Fig. 30.8-1, page 351)

a = Max[ Min( 0.1L , 0.1B , 0.4h ) , 0.04L , 0.04B , 3ft ] , (Fig. 30.8-1, footnote 6)
For effective area, 10 sq.ft. as given

CLEAR WIND FLOW
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
CN
p (psf)
2.38
69.14
-3.24
-94.24
1.80
52.34
-1.70
-49.43
ZONE 1
1.20
34.89
ZONE 3
-1.10
-31.99
0.99
28.86
-3.53
-102.74
OBSTRUCTED WIND FLOW

ZONE 2
0.80
23.26
PAGE :
DESIGN BY :
REVIEW BY :
0.85
0.85
10.50
0.85
0.00
45 deg.
ft
degree
[Satisfactory]
90.6
ft2, windward
90.6
ft2, leeward
[Satisfactory]
TO TOP, = 180o
OBSTRUCTED
CNL
-1.20
-34.89
-3.16
-0.60
-17.45
-1.58
(cont'd)
WIND TO TOP, = 180o
CLEAR FLOW
OBSTRUCTED
CASE B
CASE A
CASE B
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.16
4.48
4.48
7.465594112 -5.225916 3.732797056
3.0
ft

ZONE 2
-1.80
-52.34
ZONE 1
0.50
14.54
-1.20
-34.89
PROJECT :
CLIENT :
JOB NO. :
DESIGN BY :
REVIEW BY :
DATE :
Wind Analysis for Open Structure (Solar Panels) Based on ASCE 7-05 / IBC 2009 / CBC 2010
INPUT DATA
Importance factor, pg 73, (0.87, 1.0 or 1.15)
Basic wind speed (3 sec. gust wind)
I
V
Kzt
h
Topographic factor (Sec.6.5.7.2, pg 26 & 45)

Height of mean roof
Roof slope
Roof length
Effective area of component / cladding
=
=
=
C
1.00
85
Category II
mph
=
=
Flat
ft
: 12
ft
ft
L
B
=
=
1
10.5
0
16
11.33
10
ft2
DESIGN SUMMARY
1. Main Wind-Force Resisting System
0.00 kips
0.00 kips (eave & columns increasing)
0.00 kips

=
=
1.54 kips
1.75 kips
Max moment at centroid of base from roof
2.92 ft-kips
0.29 ft-kips (eave & columns increasing)
3.21 ft-kips
2. Component and Cladding Elements

Max inward pressure
Max net outward pressure
=
=
27 psf
40 psf
ANALYSIS
Velocity pressure
qh = 0.00256 Kh Kzt Kd V2 I
where:
=
13.36
qh = velocity pressure at mean roof height, h. (Eq. 6-15, page 27)
psf
Kh = velocity pressure exposure coefficient evaluated at height, h, (Tab. 6-3, Case 1,pg 79)
Kd = wind directionality factor. (Tab. 6-4, for building, page 80)
=
=
h = height of mean roof

Main Wind-Force Resisting System (Sec. 6.5.13.2)
p = qh G CN
F = p Af
where:
G = gust effect factor. (Sec. 6.5.8, page 26).

= roof angle
=
=
<
=
=
CN = net force coefficients. (Fig. 6-18A, page 66)

Check Fig. 6-18A limitation
0.00
CASE
A
p (psf)
F (kips)
B
p (psf)
F (kips)
h/B=
0.93
CLEAR FLOW
OBSTRUCTED
CNW
CNL
CNW
CNL
1.20
13.63
1.24
-1.10
-12.49
-1.13
0.30
3.41
0.31
-0.10
-1.14
-0.10
-0.50
-5.68
-0.51
-1.10
-12.49
-1.13
-1.20
-13.63
-1.24
-0.60
-6.82
-0.62
within [0.25 , 1.0]
[Satisfactory]
WIND TO TOP, = 180o

CLEAR FLOW
OBSTRUCTED
CNW
CNL
CNW
1.20
13.63
1.24
-1.10
-12.49
-1.13
0.30
3.41
0.31
-0.10
-1.14
-0.10
-0.50
-5.68
-0.51
-1.10
-12.49
-1.13

H (kips)
V (kips)
V (kips)
M (ft-kips)
CLEAR FLOW
OBSTRUCTED
CLEAR FLOW
CASE A
CASE B
CASE A
CASE B
CASE A
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.54
0.00
1.24
1.75
1.75
0.00
-2.62462293 2.9162477 -2.04137339 1.45812385 -2.624623
Component and Cladding Elements (Sec. 6.5.13.3)
p = qh G CN
where:
CN = net force coefficients. (Fig. 6-19A, page 70)

a = Max[ Min( 0.1L , 0.1B , 0.4h ) , 0.04L , 0.04B , 3ft ] , (Fig. 6-19A, footnote 6)
For effective area, 10 sq.ft. as given

CLEAR WIND FLOW
ZONE 2
ZONE 3
CN
p (psf)
2.38
27.01
-3.24
-36.81
1.80
20.45
-1.70
-19.31
ZONE 1
1.20
13.63
ZONE 3
-1.10
-12.49
0.99
11.27
-3.53
-40.13

ZONE 2
0.80
9.09
PAGE :
DESIGN BY :
REVIEW BY :
0.85
0.85
10.50
ft
0.85
0.00
degree
45 deg.
[Satisfactory]
90.6
ft2, windward
90.6
ft2, leeward
[Satisfactory]
TO TOP, = 180o
OBSTRUCTED
CNL
-1.20
-13.63
-1.24
-0.60
-6.82
-0.62
(cont'd)
WIND TO TOP, = 180o
CLEAR FLOW
OBSTRUCTED
CASE B
CASE A
CASE B
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.24
1.75
1.75
2.9162477 -2.041373 1.45812385
3.0
ft

ZONE 2
-1.80
-20.45
ZONE 1
0.50
5.68
-1.20
-13.63
PROJECT :
CLIENT :
JOB NO. :
PAGE :
DESIGN BY :
REVIEW BY :
DATE :
Wind Analysis for Open Structure Based on ASCE 7-02

INPUT DATA
Importance factor, pg 73, (0.87, 1.0 or 1.15)
Basic wind speed (3 sec. gust wind)
=
=
=
C
1.00
90
Category II
mph
=
=
L
B
=
=
1
35
1
100
60
Flat
ft
: 12
ft
ft
I
V
Kzt
Topographic factor (Sec.6.5.7.2, pg 30 & 47)

Height of centroid of roof area
Roof slope
Roof length
DESIGN SUMMARY
Max horizontal force / base shear
Max vertical uplift / download force
Max bending moment at centroid of base
=
=
=
26.02 kips
73.15 kips
910.64 ft-kips
ANALYSIS
Velocity pressure
qz = 0.00256 Kz Kzt Kd V2 I
where:
=
17.80
qz = velocity pressure at mean roof height, h. (Eq. 6-15, page 31)
psf
Kz = velocity pressure exposure coefficient evaluated at height, z, (Tab. 6-3, Case 1,pg 75)
1.01
Kd = wind directionality factor. (Tab. 6-4, for building, page 76)
=
=
0.85
35.00
ft
=
=
0.85
4.76
degree
0.81
=
=
6020.8
18.06
z = height of centroid of roof area

Design pressures for wind force acting nomal to the roof
F = qz G Cf Af
where:
psf ) Af
=
= (
12.19
F = design wind load on open structural roof. (Eq. 6-25, page 34).
G = gust effect factor. (Sec. 6.5.8.1 & 6.5.8.3, page 30).
= roof angle
Cf = net force coefficients. (Fig. 6-18, page 68)
73.40
kips, (inward and outward)

X = F location from windward edge of roof. (Fig. 6-18 notes 3, page 68)
Vertical uplift / download force
H = F Sin
V = F Cos
M = H (0.5B Tan - X Sin ) - H h + V (0.5B - X Cos )
=
=
=
ft2
ft
6.10 kips
73.15 kips
670.5 ft-kips
Design pressures for wind force acting to horizontal projected area
F = qz G Cf Af
where:
psf ) Af
=
= (
49.73
F = design wind load on open structural roof. (Eq. 6-25, page 34).
G = gust effect factor. (Sec. 6.5.8.1 & 6.5.8.3, page 30).
= ratio of solid area to gross area. (Fig. 6-22 notes 7, page 72)
26.02
Cf = net force coefficients. (Fig. 6-22, page 72)
kips, (horizontal)
=
=
4.0 2 -5.9 +4.0
Af = horizontal projected area normal to the wind, included columns area.

H=F
V
M=Fh
0.85
0.13
3.29
523.2
=
=
=
ft2
26.02 kips
0.00 kips
910.6 ft-kips
PROJECT :
CLIENT :
JOB NO. :
PAGE :
DESIGN BY :
REVIEW BY :
DATE :
Wind Analysis for Open Structure Based on CBC 2001 / UBC 97

INPUT DATA
Exposure type (B, C or D)
Importance factor, (CBC Tab.16-K)
Basic wind speed (fastest mile wind)
Height of centroid of roof area
Roof slope
Roof length
Iw
V
h
=
=
=
L
B
=
=
1.00
75
35
1
100
60
mph
ft
: 12
ft
ft
DESIGN SUMMARY
Max bending moment at centroid of base from roof
=
=
=
=
39.14
0.00
78.56
1370.00
kips
kips
kips
ft-kips
ANALYSIS
Design pressures for wind force acting normal to the roof
F = Ce Cq qs Iw Af
where:
0.00
psf ) Af
psf ) Af
= (
13.09
F = design wind load on open structural roof. (Sec. 1620).
= roof angle
h = max top height for Ce calculation
0.00
kips, (inward)
78.83
kips, (outward)
=
4.76
degree
37.49
ft
Ce = exposure and gust factor. (Tab. 16-G)
1.29
Cq = pressure coefficient. (Tab. 16-H, Item 1)
=
=
0.00
0.70
inward
outward
qs = wind stagnation pressure. (Tab. 16-F)
14.50
psf
6020.8
ft2
H = F Sin
V = Finward Cos
0.00 kips

V = Foutward Cos
=
=
78.56 kips
229.1 ft-kips
M=Hh
6.55 kips
Design pressures for wind force acting to horizontal projected area
F = Ce Cq qs Iw Af
where:
psf ) Af
= (
74.82
Cq = pressure coefficient. (Tab. 16-H, Item 5)
39.14
kips, (horizontal)
Af = horizontal projected area normal to the wind, included columns area.

H=F
V
M=Fh
4.00
horizontal
523.2
ft2
=
=
=
39.14 kips
0.00 kips
1370.0 ft-kips

Open Structure Wind

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Open Structure Wind

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PROJECT :

Importance factor, 1.0 only, (Table 1.5-2)

Topographic factor (26.8 & Table 26.8-1)

Max vertical download force

Max moment at centroid of base from roof

2. Component and Cladding Elements

Kd = wind directionality factor. (Tab. 26.6-1, for building, page 250)

h = height of mean roof

G = gust effect factor. (Sec. 26.9)

CN = net force coefficients. (Fig. 27.4-4, page 267)

within [0.25 , 1.0]

WIND TO TOP, = 180o

Horizontal force / base shear

Component and Cladding Elements (Sec. 30.8.2)

CN = net force coefficients. (Fig. 30.8-1, page 351)

For effective area, 10 sq.ft. as given

OBSTRUCTED WIND FLOW

OBSTRUCTED WIND FLOW

Topographic factor (Sec.6.5.7.2, pg 26 & 45)

Max vertical download force

Max moment at centroid of base from roof

2. Component and Cladding Elements

Kd = wind directionality factor. (Tab. 6-4, for building, page 80)

h = height of mean roof

G = gust effect factor. (Sec. 6.5.8, page 26).

CN = net force coefficients. (Fig. 6-18A, page 66)

within [0.25 , 1.0]

WIND TO TOP, = 180o

Horizontal force / base shear

Component and Cladding Elements (Sec. 6.5.13.3)

CN = net force coefficients. (Fig. 6-19A, page 70)

For effective area, 10 sq.ft. as given

OBSTRUCTED WIND FLOW

OBSTRUCTED WIND FLOW

Wind Analysis for Open Structure Based on ASCE 7-02

Topographic factor (Sec.6.5.7.2, pg 30 & 47)

Kd = wind directionality factor. (Tab. 6-4, for building, page 76)

z = height of centroid of roof area

kips, (inward and outward)

Af = roof actual area.

Design pressures for wind force acting to horizontal projected area

Cf = net force coefficients. (Fig. 6-22, page 72)

Af = horizontal projected area normal to the wind, included columns area.

Wind Analysis for Open Structure Based on CBC 2001 / UBC 97

Ce = exposure and gust factor. (Tab. 16-G)

Cq = pressure coefficient. (Tab. 16-H, Item 1)

qs = wind stagnation pressure. (Tab. 16-F)

Af = roof actual area.

Horizontal force / base shear

Vertical download force

Vertical uplift force

Design pressures for wind force acting to horizontal projected area

Af = horizontal projected area normal to the wind, included columns area.

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