A PROJECT REPORT

ON

GSM BASED HOME SECURITY SYSTEM

Submitted by
PIYUSH MALHOTRA
PRATEEK ARORA
LIPIKA SUKHIJA
Under the Guidance of
MS. SUNANDA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

ManavRachna International University, Faridabad

JUNE, 2013

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our project guide MS. SUNANDAfor
giving usthe opportunity to work on this topic. It would never be possible for us to take
this project to this level without her innovative ideas and her relentless support and
encouragement.
1. PIYUSH MALHOTRA, FET/EC(F)/208
2. PRATEEK ARORA, FET/EC(F)/210
3. LIPIKA SUKHIJA, FET/EC(F)/235

DECLARATION
2

Weherebydeclarethat this project report entitled GSM BASED HOME SECURITY

SYSTEM PIYUSH MALHOTRA(FET/EC(F)/208) , PRATEEK
ARORA(FET/EC(F)/210) , LIPIKA SUKHIJA(FET/EC(F)/235)being submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degreeof Bachelor of Technology in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONunder Faculty of Engineering & Technology
of ManavRachna International University Faridabad, during the academic year 2013, is a
bonafide record of our original work carried out under guidance and supervision of MS.
SUNANDA, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, ECE DEPARTMENT and has not been
presented elsewhere.
1. PIYUSH MALHOTRA, FET/EC(F)/208
2. PRATEEK ARORA, FET/EC(F)/210
3. LIPIKA SUKHIJA, FET/EC(F)/235

ManavRachna International University, Faridabad

Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Department of Electronics and Communication

JUNE,2013

CERTIFICATE
3

This is to certify that this project report entitled GSM BASED HOME SECURITY
SYSTEM PIYUSH MALHOTRA(FET/EC(F)/208), PRATEEK
ARORA(FET/EC(F)/210) , LIPIKA SUKHIJA(FET/EC(F)/235), submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degreeof Bachelor of Technology in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONunder Faculty of Engineering & Technology
of ManavRachna International University Faridabad, during the academic year 2013, is a
bonafide record of work carried out under my guidance and supervision.

(Signature of Project Guide)

MS. SUNANDA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Department of Electronics and Communication
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
ManavRachna International University, Faridabad

(Signature of HOD)
Mrs. GeetaNijhawan
Official Seal

TABLE OF CONTENTS
4

Acknowledgement

Declaration

ii

Certificate

iii

Table of Contents

iv

List of Figures

List of Tables

vi

Abstract

vii

Chapter Page No
I.

Introduction
I.1 Goals and Objectives: What are to be achieved?
Motivation: Why this project undertaken?
Method: How was it carried out?
I.2 Overview of the technical area i.e. background technical context
I.3 Overview of the report: what material will you be covering and howit is
arranged in the report
I.4 Problem Statement
I.5 Conclusion

II.

Literature Review
II.1Introduction
II.2Survey
II.3Conclusion

III.

Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis

III.1 Problem Definition
5

III.2 Requirements
III.3 System Specifications
IV.

Design and Implementation

IV.1
IV.2
IV.3
IV.4
IV.5
IV.6

V.

Introduction
Functional Decompositions
Different Design Options
Proposed Flow Model
Circuit Design
Assembly of Hardware and Components

Testing and Deployment

V.1 Verification
V.2 Validation
V.3 Evaluation

VI.

Conclusion and Future Enhancements

VI.1 Conclusion
VI.2 Critical appraisal of work done
VI.3 Proposal/scope of future enhancement

References/Bibliography

LIST OF FIGURES:

Figure 1:ARDUINO.......................................................................................... 22
Figure 2: LCD DISPLAY.................................................................................... 23
Figure 3: LM324 PIN DIAGRAM........................................................................24
Figure 4: LM35 (TEMPERATURE SENSOR).......................................................26
Figure 5: IR SENSORS..................................................................................... 28
Figure 6: GSM MODEM....................................................................................29
Figure 7: LED.................................................................................................. 30
7

Figure 8: PROPOSED FLOW MODEL................................................................34

Figure 9: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM............................................................................35

ABSTRACT
The final year project aims at exposing the students undergoing higher technical studies
to the thoughts and logic that must be developed to ensure that one is able to integrate
his/her ideas into something concrete. This generally is initiated by the inception of an
idea or a concept, which not only aims at developing a product (Hardware or Software),
but also the in-depth study of the earlier existing products in the same category and their
deficiencies. Accordingly an approach is taken to propose a solution, which is better from
the previous ones in one respect or the other.With the same approach in mind, we, the
final year students of Bachelor of Technology (Electronics and Telecommunication), have
taken up the GSM Based Home Security System as our final year project.
In this project for the security purpose, we will look after:

1) Forced entry through window.

2) Increase of Temperature beyond limit.
3) Password for the opening of door.
In all the above cases, a message will be sent to the home owner and she/ he will be
informed of the situation.

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The final year project aims at exposing the students undergoing higher technical studies
to the thoughts and logic that must be developed to ensure that one is able to integrate
his/her ideas into something concrete. This generally is initiated by the inception of an
idea or a concept, which not only aims at developing a product (Hardware or Software),
but also the in-depth study of the earlier existing products in the same category and their
deficiencies. Accordingly an approach is taken to propose a solution, which is better from
the previous ones in one respect or the other.
With the same approach in mind, we, the final year students of Bachelor of Technology
(Electronics and Telecommunication), have taken up theADVANCE GSM BASED
HOME SECURITY SYSTEM as our final year project.
9

Automated security systems are a useful addition to todays home where safety is an
important issue. Vision-based security systems have the advantage of being easy to set
up, inexpensive and non-obtrusive. Home security system for detecting an intrusion into a
monitored area by an infrared detector, a password based entrance and a temperature
sensor. A security system has a free-standing intrusion detector. The free standing
intrusion detector has a transmitter coupled with a portable receiver to alert a homeowner
that an intrusion has taken place or if there are is some risk of fire inside the house.
1.1.1) Motivation
In todays age of digital technology and intelligent systems, home automation has
become one of the fastest developing application-based technologies in the world. The
idea of comfortable living in home has since changed for the past decade as digital, vision
and wireless technologies are integrated into it. Intelligent homes, in simple terms, can be
described as homes that are fully automated in terms of carrying out a predetermined
task, providing feedback to the users, and responding accordingly to situations. In other
words, it simply allows many aspects of the home system such as temperature and
lighting control, network and communications, entertainment system, emergency
response and security monitoring systems to be automated and controlled, both near
and at a distance.
Automated security systems play an important role of providing an extra
layer of security through user authentication to prevent break-ins at entry
points and also to track illegal intrusions or unsolicited activities within the
vicinity of the home (indoors and outdoors). There has been much research
done in the design of various types of automated security systems. Sensorbased systems that rely on contact or movement sensors or contactbasedsystems such as fingerprint and palm print scan or keypad activation
that require substantial amount of contact with an input device.

Many security systems are based on only a single system. In an event of system failure or
intrusion of the user authentication, there is no backup system to monitor the home
continually. This shortcoming can be dealt with using multiple security systems (ormultilayered security systems). However, multi-system implementations will definitely be
more demanding in terms of computational cost and organization.
10

1.1.2) Method
The system is composed of the microcontroller based wireless sensor network center
node with GSM module, data collecting node, device control node and mobile phone.
The wireless sensor network data collecting node module is connected with Infrared
Detector, Temperature Sensor,entrance locked with the help of keypad. When the IR finds
that some people intrudes into the house or when the temperature sensor detects too high
indoor temperature or when the password entered is incorrect, the data collecting node
will send encoded alarm signal to the wireless sensor network center node through the
wireless sensor network established in home. Once the Wireless sensor network center
node receives alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the
GSM module and GSM network immediately. According to the pulse received by
microcontroller, a message is sent to mobile station through a GSM modem and thus
warns the presence of human in the home to owner-occupier. On the other hand this
security system remains in idle position and performs nothing if no one is in the home.
When the temperature sensor detects too high indoor temperature and at the same time,
the sensors will send encoded alarm signal to the home control center through the
wireless sensor network established in home. Once the wireless control center receives
alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and
GSM network immediately.
1.2)

OVERVIEW OF TECHICAL AREA

The report consists of a background into the area of ARDUINOmicrocontroller and

mobile communication, how they are interfaced to each other and
AT (Attention) commands set used in communication. The Microcontroller basedsystem
continuously watching the security issues of your house, if any mishapcondition from
above three is occur it will sense and send a message to your mobile.
The main components of the toolkit include microcontroller, GSM modem.
Thesecomponents are integrated with the device board and thus incorporate the
wirelessfeatures. The GSM modem sends the SMS. The AT commands are serially
transferred
11

to the modem. In return the modem transmits the stored message through the
wirelesslink. The microcontroller used in this case is ATMEGA328. In this
prototypemodel, LCD display is used for simulation purpose. The results presented in the
thesissupport the proper functionalities and working of the system. The timing
diagramsuggests the response of the modem to various AT (attention) commands.
1.3)

OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT

The proposed integration architecture incorporates subsystems IR sensors, burglar

alarm module and fire alarm module, into a single automated architecture for practical
implementation in intelligent home environments. The figure shows a block diagram of
the proposed system architecture and its setup and connectivity. The modules work
independently and parallely but share computational resources.
THE project includes Problem Definition,Requirements,Specifications of arduino
ATMEGA328, response of GSM modem to the AT commands, block diagram, circuit
diagram and the proposed flow model for the development of the program.

1.2

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Technology has advanced so much in the last decade or two that it has made life more
efficient and comfortable. The comfort of being able to take control of devices from one
particular location has become imperative as it saves a lot of time and effort. Therefore
there arises a need to do so in a systematic manner which we have tried to implement
with our system. The system we have proposed is an extended approach to automating a
control system.
With the advancement and breakthroughs in technology over the years, the lives of
people have become more complicated and thus they have become busier than before.
With the adoption of our system, we can gain control over certain things that required
constant attention. The application of our system comes in handy when people get to
know about the remote intrusions in their house or if there is some mishap when they are
not at their place.
12

1.3

CONCLUSION

In the paper low cost, secure, ubiquitously accessible, auto-configurable, remotely

controlled solution for automation of homes has been introduced. The approach discussed
in the paper is novel and has achieved the target to control home appliances remotely
using the SMS-based system satisfying user needs and requirements.
GSM technology capable solution has proved to be controlled remotely, provide home
security and is cost-effective as compared to the previously existing systems. Hence we
can conclude that the required goals and objectives of our project have been achieved.
The basic level of home appliance control and remote monitoring has been implemented.
The system is extensible and more levels can be further developed using automatic
motion/glass breaking detectors so the solution can be integrated with these and other
detection systems.
In future the system will be small box combining the PC and GSM modem. The hardware
will be self-contained and cannot be prone to electric failure. This appliance will have its
own encapsulated UPS and charging system.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1)

INTRODUCTION

Home security has been a major issue where crime is increasing and everybody wants to
take proper measures to prevent intrusion. In addition, there is need to automate home so
that the user can take the advantage of technological advancement. This project presents a
model that will provide security to their home, office or cabin etc via SMS using GSM
technology.Keeping in view the rapid growth of wireless communication we are inspired
to work on this project. The idea behind this project is to meet the upcoming challenges
of the modern practical applications of wireless communication and to facilitate our
successors with such splendid ideas that should clear their concept about wireless
communication and control system.The applications of SMS/GSM Based security
13

system are quite diverse. There are many real life situations that require control of
different devices remotely and to provide security. There will be instances where a wired
connection between a remote appliance/device and the control unit might not be feasible
due to structural problems. In such cases a wireless connection is a better option.Basic
Idea of our project is to provide GSM Based security even if the owner is away from the
restricted areas. For this we adopted wireless mode of transmission using GSM. Beside
this there are many methods of wireless communication but we selected GSM in our
project because as compared to other techniques, this is an efficient and cheap solution
also, we are much familiar with GSM technology and it is easily available.
2.2)

SURVEY

The researchers gathered information from different sources which give appropriate ideas
or what parts to be used in every circuitry involved in this project. Keypad interfacing to
microcontroller using embedded C was the hardest part ever encountered during the
development stage. From a step by step process, researchers started from writing simple
code to more complex. After everything is fixed and tested in virtual simulation, the
researchers soldered everything for implementation stage. Researchers faced many
problems on hardware such as fine tuning every sensor to work simultaneously with the
burnt program inside the microcontroller. By eliminating those problems gives good and
accurate anticipated result.
Same project could have been designed with:
1) 8051 microcontroller
2) ARDUINO
We are using ATmega 328 to realize this project because:
Using an Arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development you need
to do in order to get a system running.
The Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup as well as
circuitry to program and communicate with the microcontroller over USB. In addition,
the I/O pins of the microcontroller are typically already fed out to sockets/headers for
easy access (This may vary a bit with the specific model).
On the software side, Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming the
microcontroller easier. More useful are things such as being able to set I/O pins to PWM
14

at a certain duty cycle using a single command or doing Serial communication.

The greatest advantage is having the hardware platform set up already, especially the fact
that it allows programming and serial communication over USB.
2.3)

CONCLUSION:

After reviewing the possible solutions, my team decided to use ARDUINO to make this
project. According to the advantage of ARDUINO over other Microcontrollers, we made
this decision.

CHAPTER 3
PROBLEM DEFINITION AND REQUIREMENT
ANALYSIS
3.1)

PROBLEM DEFINITION

With all the necessary background research completed it became clear what basic design
components the entire system would require. First we needed the power to be supplied to
the designed model which will turn on the components. Then, if a person enters house
from outside the window or enters wrong password for consecutively 3 times then
microcontroller will generate the message and will send the message to the authorized
user using the GSM modem. In case, the temperature inside the house increases beyond
limits then also arduino will perform the same operation.

15

We needed to voltage regulator 7805 convert the 12v to 5v as some components arethere
which run by 5v. A proper AT command set is to be defined so that the arduino will
perform accurately.

3.2)

REQUIREMENTS
ARDUINO BOARD WITH ATMEGA 328
GSM 300
SIM CARD-VODAFONE
OP AMP-LM 324
IR SENSORS
IC BASES
MOBILE PHONE
TEMPERATURE SENSOR- LM35
RIBBON WIRES
TRANSFORMER
BUTTON SWITCHES
VOLTAGE REGULATOR-7805
CAPACITORS
PCBs
LEDs
2 PIN CORD
WOODEN BLOCK
A4 SHEETS
FEVICOL
GLUE GUN
DVD TRAY
ADAPTER- 12V
CPU FAN
RESISTORS
HEAT SINK
PIN WIRES
SOLDER IRON
SOLDER WIRE
DIODES

3.3)

SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

1. ARDUINO

16

Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use

hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone
interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can
affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The
microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language
and the Arduino development environment. Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they
can communicate with software running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing,).
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has
14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to
a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started.
Features:Microcontroller:
Operating Voltage:
Input Voltage (recommended):
Input Voltage (limits):
Digital I/O Pins:
Analog Input Pins:
DC Current per I/O Pin:
DC Current for 3.3V Pin:
Flash Memory:
SRAM:
EEPROM:
Clock Speed:

ATmega328
5V
7-12V
6-20V
14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
6
40 mA
50 Ma
32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
2 KB (ATmega328)
1 KB (ATmega328)
16 MHz

Power
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power
supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come
17

either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by
plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery
can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than
7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If
using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The
recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows:

VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power
source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power
source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the
power jack, access it through this pin.

5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can
be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB
connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the
5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don't
advise it.

3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current
draw is 50 mA.

GND. Ground pins

Memory
The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the boot loader). It also has 2 KB of
SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM.
Input and Output
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pin mode,
digital write, digital read functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or
18

receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by

default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial
data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USBto-TTL Serial chip.

External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an

interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.

PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analog write
function.

LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is
HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, its off.

The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts,
though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the
analogreference function. There are couple of other pins on the board:

AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analog reference.

Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a
reset button to shields which block the one on the board.

19

Figure 1:ARDUINO

2. LM324
Since the output voltage from voltage divider varies with the intensity of IR light, and
microcontroller is not used in this project, a comparator (LM324) is used to
show the changes.
Features: Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain
Large DC Voltage Gain: 100dB
Wide Power Supply Range:
LM324: 3V~32V (or 1.5 ~ 16V)
Input Common Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground
Large Output Voltage Swing: 0V to VCC -1.5V
Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation

20

Figure 2: LM324 PIN DIAGRAM

3. TEMPERATURE SENSOR
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output
voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus
has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not
required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient
Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to
provide typical accuracies of 14C at room temperature and 34C over a full 55 to
+150C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer
level. The LM35s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration
make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single
21

power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 A from its supply,
it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over
a 55 to +150C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a 40 to +110C
range (10with improved accuracy).
Features:

Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade)

Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor
0.5C accuracy guarantee able (at +25C)
Rated for full 55 to +150C range
Suitable for remote applications
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
Operates from 4 to 30 volts
Less than 60 A current drain
Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air
Nonlinearity only 1
4C typical
Low impedance output, 0.1 for 1 mA load

Figure 3: LM35 (TEMPERATURE SENSOR)

4. INFRARED SENSOR
The basic principle of IR sensor is based on an IR emitter and an IR receiver. IR emitter
will emit infrared continuously when power is supplied to it. On the other hand, the IR
22

receiver will be connected and perform the task of a voltage divider. IR receiver can be
imagined as a transistor with its base current determined by the intensity of IR light
received. The lower the intensity of IR light cause higher resistance between collectoremitter terminals of transistor, and limiting current from collector to emitter. This change
of resistance will further change the voltage at the output of voltage divider. In others
word, the greater the intensity of IR light hitting IR receiver, the lower the resistance of
IR receiver and hence the output voltage of voltage divider will decreased. Usually the
IR emitter and IR receiver will be mounted side by side, pointing to a reflective surface.
The further distance away between emitter and receiver decrease the amount of infrared
light hitting the receiver if the distance between the sensor and a reflective surface is
fixed.
Features:Infrared Sensor Output: 4 to 20 mA
Accuracy: 1% of reading or 1C whichever is greater
Repeatability: 0.5% of reading or 0.5C whichever is greater
Emissivity: 0.2 to 1.0 via 4 to 20 mA input
Response Time t90: 240 mS (90% response)
Spectral Range: 8 to 14 m
Supply Voltage: 24 Vdc (28 Vdc max)
Min Sensor Voltage: 6 Vdc
Max Loop Impedance: 900 (4 to 20 mA output)
Input Impedance: 50 Mechanical
Construction: Stainless Steel
Dimensions: 103 L x 18 mm D (4.05 x 0.71")
Thread Mounting: M16 x 1 mm pitch
Cable Length: 1 m (3.3') longer lengths available to order
Weight: 95 g (3.4 oz) with cableAmbient Temperature Range: 0 to 70C (32 to 158F)

23

Figure 4: IR SENSORS

5. GSM MODULE
Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on
frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS1900 MHz. SIM300 provides
GPRS multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional) capability and support the GPRS coding
schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.
With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85 mm, SIM300 can fit almost all the
space requirement in your application, such as Smart phone, PDA phone and other
mobile device.
The physical interface to the mobile application is made through a 60 pins board-to-board
connector, which provides all hardware interfaces between the module and customers
boards except the RF antenna interface.

The keypad and SPI LCD interface will give you the flexibility to develop
customized applications.
Two serial ports can help you easily develop your applications.
Two audio channels include two microphones inputs and two speaker
outputs. This can be easily configured by AT command.

24

Figure 5: GSM MODEM

Features:1. Support wide range of frequencies (from 850 MHZ to 1900 MHZ) for
classification of GSM
2. Supports integration with RS232 cable (serial cable,25 pins).
3. Can be interfaced to system using USB cables.
4. Input voltage varies from 5v to 30v.
5. Very less weight in few grams.
6. Provided with SIM holder and antenna connector.
7. Programmable with AT commands.

6. VOLTAGE REGULATOR
25

different

7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed

linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and
would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output
voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is
designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable
values can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage
levels.
7. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as
indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a
practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but
modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths,
with very high brightness.
Color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy
gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and
integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern. LEDs present
many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption,
longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability
and reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and
require more precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp
sources of comparable output.

Figure 6: LED

26

CHAPTER 4
DESIGN AND IMPLEMETATION
4.1)

INTRODUCTION

The Microcontroller based system is continuously watching over the security issues of
your house, if any mishap condition occurs it will sense and send a message to your
mobile.
The system is composed of the microcontroller based wireless sensor network center
node with GSM module, data collecting node, device control node and mobile phone.
The wireless sensor network data collecting node module is connected with Infrared
Detector, Temperature Sensor.
When the IR finds that some people intrudes into the house or when the temperature
sensor detects too high indoor temperature , the data collecting node will send encoded
alarm signal to the wireless sensor network center node through the wireless sensor
network established in home. Once the Wireless sensor network center node receives
alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and
GSM network immediately.
When the temperature sensor detects too high indoor temperature and at the same time,
the sensors will send encoded alarm signal to the home control centre through the
wireless sensor network established in home. Once the wireless control centre receives
alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and
GSM network immediately.

27

4.2)

FUNTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

IF
INTRUSION
TROUGH
WINDOW

TEMPARATU
RE RISES
BEYOND
LIMIT
ARDUINO

GSM
MODEM
USER

IF
PASSWORD
IS ENTERED
WRONG 3
TIMES

Table 1: FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

If any one of following 3 cases:

These output will

Arduino, with help

The owner of the

intrusion through window

be fed to arduino.

of GSM modem and registered number

Wrong password entered thrice

a SIM card will

will receive a

temperature rises beyond limit

send a message

message and then

Then,

accordingly.

She/he can rectify

the situation.

28

4.3)

DIFFERENT DESIGN OPTIONS

Same project could have been designed with:

1) 8051
2) ARDUINO
We are using ATmega 328 to realize this project because:
Using an Arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development you need
to do in order to get a system running.
The Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup as well as
circuitry to program and communicate with the microcontroller over USB. In addition,
the I/O pins of the microcontroller are typically already fed out to sockets/headers for
easy access (This may vary a bit with the specific model).
On the software side, Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming the
microcontroller easier. More useful are things such as being able to set I/O pins to PWM
at a certain duty cycle using a single command or doing Serial communication.
The greatest advantage is having the hardware platform set up already, especially the fact
that it allows programming and serial communication over USB.

29

4.4)

PROPOSED FLOW MODEL

Figure 7: PROPOSED FLOW MODEL

30

4.5)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ATMEGA 328

GSM
Modem
0 TX
14
KEYPAD

1 RX
15

TEMP.
SENSOR
(LM35)

2
16
SENSOR
MODULE

3
17
4
18

SENSOR
MODULE

DRIVER IC
L293D

5
19

5V 0V 12V

6
20

SENSOR
MODULE

7
21
8
22

SENSOR
MODULE

POWER
SUPPLY

9
LED

Figure 8: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4.6)

ASSEMBLY OF HARDWARE AND COMPONENTS

31

DVD
TRAY

4.7)

Built a wooden house with one window and door.

DVD tray is incorporated and works as door.
A keypad is designed and connected outside the door on the base and is used

to enter password.
The output of the keypad is given to the arduino which is then compared

with the actual password.

If the password entered is correct then the red led glows else the green led

glows.
If the password entered is incorrect thrice then a message is sent to the

authorized person.
The output of the temperature sensor is given to the arduino. If the

temperature rises beyond 55C then a message is sent the authorized person.
4 pairs of Transmitting end (led) and receiving end (photodiode) are

connected at the windows.

Outputs of the IR sensor are connected to the arduino through LM324.
If the output is 0 on all the 4 pins of arduino where the sensors are

connected then a message is sent to the authorized person.

With arduino, GSM modem is connected in which SIM card is inserted.

FLOWCHART

5.
START

IF
IFS(2),
S(0), S(3)=0
S(1)=0

IF TEMP>35

32
MESSAGE
SENT
END

IF CORRECT P/W

WRONG
DVD
TRAY
PASSWORD
OPENS
ENTERED
IN
END
KEYPAD

P/W CHECKED
AGAIN

END

P/W CHECKED AGAIN

CHAPTER 5
TESTING AND DEPLOYMENT

33

5.1)

VERIFICATION

GSM MODEM
AT Command Set:

ATE0 Echo off

ATE1 Echo on
ATD call to dial a number
Syntax: ATD 9885622502;

ATDL redial last telephone number

ATA answer an incoming call
ATH Disconnect existing connection
AT+CMGD to delete SMS
Syntax: AT+CMGD=1 -> deletes 1 sms in sim card

AT+CMGR to read SMS

Syntax: AT+CMGR=1 -> reads 1stsms in sim card
AT+CMGS to send SMS
Syntax: AT+CMGS= 9885622502 press enter
Type text and press ctrl+z

We used the above mentioned command sets to verify the working of gsm
modem.

IR SENSORS
IR Sensors would detect the intrusion if the person is entering window from outside to
inside only and not when, person going out from inside to outside.
For its verification, we inserted an object from outside the window to inside and a
message was received on the authorized number.
While the same object was made to pass through the window from inside, no message
was sent by arduino.
34

KEYPAD
We set the password to 1234.
When we entered the correct password then DVD tray acting as door opened.
When we entered the wrong password for consecutively 3 times, a message was sent by
arduino.
5.2)

VALIDATION

The various components used in designing of the model was verified with help of the
verification process we took out. These components include:

KEYPAD
IR Sensors
GSM Modem
ARDUINO (During the verification of Hexpad, IR sensors, GSM Modem)
LM324 (During the verification of IR Sensors)
DVD tray (During the Keypad verification)

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
6.1)

FUTURE SCOPE

The future implications of the project are very great considering the amount of time and
resources it saves.
The project we have undertaken can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a
scheme to be implemented in other projects of greater level such as weather forecasting,
temperature updates, device synchronization, etc.

35

The project itself can be modified to achieve a complete Home security System which
will then create a platform for the user to interface between himself and his household.
6.2)

CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF WORK DONE

Today, with advancement in science and technology, home automation has become one of
the fastest developing application-based technologies in the world. The idea of
comfortable living in home has since changed for the past decade as digital, vision and
wireless technologies are integrated into it. Intelligent homes, in simple terms, can be
described as homes that are fully automated in terms of carrying out a predetermined
task, providing feedback to the users, and responding accordingly to situations. In other
words, it simply allows many aspects of the home system such as temperature and
lighting control, network and communications, entertainment system, emergency
response and security monitoring systems to be automated and controlled, both near
and at a distance.

Automated security systems play an important role of providing an extra layer of security
through user authentication to prevent break-ins at entry points and also to track illegal
intrusions or unsolicited activities within the vicinity of the home (indoors and outdoors).
There has been much research done in the design of various types of automated security
systems. Sensor-based systems that rely on contact or movement sensors or contact-based
systems such as fingerprint and palm print scan or keypad activation that require
substantial amount of contact with an input device.
Many security systems are based on only a single system. In an event of system failure or
intrusion of the user authentication, there is no backup system to monitor the home
continually. This shortcoming can be dealt with using multiple security systems (ormultilayered security systems). However, multi-system implementations will definitely be
more demanding in terms of computational cost and organization.

6.3)

CONCLUSION

36

The project we have undertaken has helped us gain a better perspective on various
aspects related to our course of study as well as practical knowledge of electronic
equipment and communication. We became familiar with software analysis, designing,
implementation, testing and maintenance concerned with our project.
The extensive capabilities of this system are what make it so interesting. From the
convenience of a simple cell phone, a user is able to control and monitor virtually any
electrical devices. This makes it possible for users to rest assured that their belongings are
secure and that the television and other electrical appliances was not left running when
they left the house to just list a few of the many uses of this system.
The end product will have a simplistic design making it easy for users to interact with.
This will be essential because of the wide range of technical knowledge that homeowners
have.

REFERENCES:

www.arduino.cc
www.wikipedia.com

37

www.youtube.com
www.instructables.com
www.seminarprojects.com

38