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Homework 6 of Math 200 Mathematical Analysis III in 2009, Due 26-31/10/2009
Students are advised to review the examples of cylinders (p. 831) and quadric surfaces
(p. 833) in previous chapter, and read examples 3 and 4 of 14.6 on page 982-983
carefully. The following example is very important not only in concept, but also for
the preparation for the examination of our examinations.
Example. Find the volume of the solid sphere of radius by triple integral.
Solution. Even though we had come across the same problem in the application of
double integral. In fact, one needs to set up a region of solid sphere by means of
equations or inequalities: = { (, , ) 2 + 2 + 2 2 }. Though this description
is analytic, but this is not good in evaluating the triple integral over by means of
iterated integral. The idea is to write the sphere as the graphs of two functions in (, )
representing the upper and lower hemispheres. For this, we project the solid onto
-plane and obtain its shadow on -plane, and then try to see that is -simple
region, i.e. there is only a line segment inside the solid above every point in the
region .
We claim that = { (, ) 2 + 2 2 }. For any point (, , ) in , one knows
that 2 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 , so after projecting the point (, , ) onto -plane
and obtain its image (, ), it follows that (, ) is in the region . In the other
words, the shadow of is contained in { (, ) 2 + 2 2 }. One needs to see
that { (, ) 2 + 2 2 } is contained in too! The reason is as follows: For any
point (, ) satisfying
2 + 2 2 , i.e. 2 2 2 0, then one can dene the
third coordinate 0 = 2 2 2 , and we get a point (, , 0 ) lying on the sphere
2 + 2 + 02 = 2 , and hence in the solid region .
It remains to prove that is -simple above the region on -plane. For any
point (, ) in on -plane, let (, , ) be any point in the region above the
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
point
, it follows that + + , i.e. or equivalently
2
2
2
2
2
2
. Hence lies on the vertical
segment given by
{ (, , ) min (, ) max (, ) }, where max (, ) = 2 2 2 and
min = 2 2 2 are functions of (, ).
With all these explanations, we have
= { (, , ) (, ) in , and min (, ) max (, ) }
= { (, , ) , 2 2 2 , and
2 2 2 2 2 2 }.
And the volume of is given
by

2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2
1 =
1 =
1

2 2 2 2 2
2 + 2 2 2 2 2
(
)

2
2
=

2 2

14.6 Compute the triple integral =

(, , )

2. (, , ) = sin , where = { (, , ) 0 , 0 , 0 }.
Solution. Observe that is a rectangular block, so the upper and lower limits
for the iterated integral are easily determined.

=
sin =

9. (, , ) = + , where is the region between the surfaces 1 : = 2 2 , and

2 : = 2 for 0 3.
Solution. We determine the point (, , ) of the common intersection of these
two surfaces. As does not show up in the dening equations of both surfaces
(graphs), i.e. These surfaces are a general cylinder obtained by pulling the curves
1 : = 2 2 and 2 : = 2 on -plane along the -axis respectively, and
they bound an innite long solid cylinder with uniform cross section cut by
-plane. So we need to study the region bounded by these 2 curves 1 and 2
in -plane. First we nd the intersection point(s) (, ) of these two curves as
follows: 2 2 = = 2 , i.e. 22 = 2, and hence = 1, so (, ) = (1, 1).
When varies within the interval [1, 1], it follows from 2 1 and 2 2
22 (1)2 = 1 2 that the curve = 2 2 is above the curve = 2 . Hence,
the region in -plane can be described as = { (, ) 1 1, and
2 2 2 }. Return to the description of the domain . If (, , ) lies
on the the solid region , then it follows that 0 3 and (, ) lies in , i.e.
= { (, , ) 1 1,
and }.

Then the triple integral =

( + ) =
( + )

14.6 Sketch the solid (domain) bounded by the graphs of the given equations, and
then nd its volume by triple integration.

12. = , = 2 , = 4, = 0.
Solution. These 4 equations represents 4 surfaces in 3 , it takes a while to sort
out how they intersect each other. Among them, = , = 4, = 0 are equations
of 3 planes in which the variable does not show up, then it follows that these
planes are pulling these 3 lines = , = 4, = 0 in -11.96TJ/9.96Tf137.7.830-11.969.9

to observe that the parabola = 2 and = 4 enclose a bounded region in the

-plane, so one has for any point (, , ) in . Then we have

= { (, , ) ,
, and }. It follows from that
the

volume of is equal to the triple integral

1 =

18. = 1 2 , = 2 1, + = 1, = 0.
Solution. Similar to question 9 above, one can easily identify the solid region
is enclosed by the general cylinder = 1 2 , and = 2 1. The other planes
+ = 1 and = 0 are the top and bottom of the region enclosed inside the
cylinder = { (, ) 1 1, and 2 1 1 2 }. Combining these
facts, we have = { (, , ) ,

and
}.
its volume by triple integration.

=
1 =

Remark. We did not use the projection method here, it would be easier to apply
the projection method to obtain the shadow of on -plane, then one obtain the
other description of .
17. = 2 , + = 4, = 0, = 0.
Solution. Observe that the last 3 equations dene three planes, which do not
involve the variable , i.e. they are obtained by moving the lines dened by the
same equations on -plane along the -axis. On the -plane, one can draw
these 3 lines easily and nd out that the lines enclose a triangle with vertices
(, ) = (0, 0), (0, 4) and (4, 0) in -plane. Then by moving the triangular region
along -axis, we obtain a cylinder , which is unbounded. Now the level
surface 1 : 2 = 0 (i.e. the parabola = 2 in the -plane) is also a
cylinder since the dening equation is also independent of the variable . One
can then imagine the surface 1 , like a -shaped knife, cutting the innite long
triangular bread from which a bounded region is obtained. More precisely,
the surface (or the knife) 1 rst meets the plane = 0, then goes through the
interior of the triangular cylinder , and nally leaves the plane + = 4. (One
may wonder whether 1 meets the third plane = 0, the answer is armative, as
both surfaces 1 : = 2 and = 0 are cylinders moving along the -axis which
has a common line = { (0, , 0) } given by the -axis, which is irrelevant
of upper and lower limits of integrals. )
Thinking 1 as -shaped knife penetrating the top surface + = 4 and and
bottom surface = 0, so is -simple, so we project the solid region onto the plane, and obtain its planar shadow region = { (, ) 2 2, 2 4 }.
And has boundary given by the following two curves:
(i) one of the edge of the cylinder , which is the intersection of = 0
and + = 4, i.e. = 4 on the -plane; and
(ii) the parabola = 2 on -plane.
It follows that
,

}, and its
= { (, , ) ,
volume is

1 =

Assignment: 14.7 Problems: 5, 10, 14, 15, 23, 24, 25.

5. Find the volume of the region that lies inside both the sphere 1 : 2 + 2 =
2 = 4 and the cylinder 2 : 2 + 2 = 1.
Solution. Note that the sphere 1 bounds a solid sphere = { (, , ) 2 +
2 + 2 22 }, and the cylinder 2 bounds an innitely long solid cylinder =
{ (, , ) 2 + 2 1, and }. Let (, , ) be any point in the region ,
then lies inside both the solid sphere , i.e. 2 + 2 + 2 22 , and the solid
cylinder , so the upper hemisphere and lower hemisphere will cut out a solid
bounded region from the solid cylinder . If we project the solid region onto
-plane, it has an image = { (, ) 2 + 2 1 } on the -plane, it follows
that = { (, , ) 2 + 2 + 2 22 , and 2 + 2 1 }. For integration purpose,
it would be better to describe by
cylindrical coordinates:
2 = 2 + 2 1, so

2
2
2
2
2
1 and
hence + 2 , so 4 4 . Then the volume of
=
1 =

10. Find the volume of the region that lies inside both the sphere 2 + 2 + 2 = 4
and the cylinder 2 + 2 2 = 0.
Solution. This question is similar to the problem 5, except the position of the
cylinder is moved. The cylinder is given by ( 1)2 + 2 = 1, so any point
(, , ) inside is given by ( 1)2 + 2 1. In terms of cylindrical coordinates,
it can be described by (, , ) by 2 cos2 + 2 sin2 2 cos 0, i.e. 2 cos ,
it follows that { (, , )

,
, and

}.
)
(

Volume of the region =

1 ==
1

The volume of =
1 =
(, , )

(ii) As the coneis

symmetric about -axis, so one know that 0 2, and
Volume of =
1 =

14. Find the volume of the solid region bounded below by the paraboloid 1 : =
2 + 2 , and above by the plane 2 : = 2.
Solution. We use the projection method. First we sketch the graphs of the
paraboloid 1 and the plane 2 , and we want to nd the common intersection of
1 and 2 . Let (, , ) be any point of the intersection, i.e. they satisfy both
2 = = 2 + 2 , so ( 1)2 + 2 = 1, which represents a cylinder in space.
In fact, the intersection is a curve obtained by the intersection of the plane and
the cylinder above, which is a bounded closed curve. Inside the cylinder, we have
( 1)2 + 2 1, i.e. 2 + 2 2, or equivalently the graph of 1 is below the
graph of the plane 2 . Hence the solid region = { (, , ) 2 + 2
, and

}.
Then
one
can
switch
to
cylindrical
coordinates
to
describe

{
}
as

23. Find the volume of the region bounded by the plane = 1 and the cone = ,
(i) with cylindrical coordinates;
(ii) with spherical coordinates.
Solution. (i) In cylindrical coordinates, can be described as
{ (, , ) ,
, and }, so the volume of

and

24. Show that the centroid of a homogeneous solid right circular cone lies on its axis
three-quarters of the way from its vertex to its base.
Solution. As the solid cone is rotational symmetric about -axis, so both and
are zero. The reason can be explained as follows: one can rotate the cone
along -axis by a positive angle, then its centroid will be rotated by the same
angle, however, the cone remains the same before and after rotating, and hence
its centroid will be at the same position. Hence, the centroid lies on the rotational
axis, and hence (, ) = (0, 0). So it remains to determine . One may assume that
the density (, , ) = 1, so its mass is equal to its volume 13 2 , where is the
base radius and
is the height of the cone. Then the moment of the cone about
-plane is
=

(, , ) =

25. Find the volume and the centroid of the uniform solid that lies inside the sphere
= and above the cone = .
Solution.
15. Find the volume of the solid region bounded above by the spherical surface
2 + 2 + 2 = 2 and below by the paraboloid = 2 + 2 .
Solution. First determine the equation of curve of the intersection of these two
surfaces, let (, , ) be a point of the intersection, 2 2 = 2 + 2 = 0, so
0 = 2 + 2 = ( + 2)( 1), so it follows that 0 that we have = 1. In
other words, the intersection lies on a plane dened by the equation = 1, and
hence 2 + 2 = = 1, which represents a circle on the plane = 1. If (, , 1 )
and (, , 2 ) are points on spherical surface and the paraboloid respectively, then
their projections are the same
so 2 + 2 1,
point (, ) lies
inside the unit2 circle,
and we observe that 2 = 2 2 2 2 12 = 1 + 2 = 2 , so
= { (, , ) 2 + 2 and

}. The volume of =