BaoCao ThucTap VNPT Da Chinh Sua

LI NI U
TRNG I HC QUC T - HQG TPHCM

KHOA IN T - VIN THNG
BO CO
THC TP TT NGHIP
TI: TM HIU V MNG TRUY NHP FTTH
TI N V THC TP
SINH VIN THC HIN

M S SINH VIN
NGI HNG DN
Sinh vin: Hunh Cng Phc
: HUNH CNG PHC

: EEEEIU12012
: KS. V HNG PHC
Page 1
LI NI U
TP.H CH MINH, THNG 8 NM 2016
LI CM N
Em xin chn thnh gi li cm n n tt c cc Thy C trng i hc Quc t
tn tm truyn i nhng kin thc qu bu cho em trong 4 nm hc va, gip em c c
nn tng chuyn mn vn dng vo cng vic thc t. Trong qu trnh thc tp v hon
thnh bo co thc tp tt nghip, em nhn c s theo di v h tr tch cc ca Trung
Tm Vin Thng Tn Bnh.
Em xin chn thnh cm n n:
Ban gim c trung tm Vin Thng Tn Bnh, cc phng ban chc nng v cc ng
nghip nhit tnh gip v to iu kin thun li trong thi gian thc tp.
Anh V Hng Phc - Ph Phng K Thut iu hnh trc tip hng dn, theo
di v to iu kin cho em trong cng vic thc tp Trung Tm.
Cui cng em xin chc qu thy c Trng i Hc Quc T, qu lnh o v cc
anh ch ang lm vic ti Trung Tm Vin Thng Tn Bnh, di do sc khe v thnh cng
trong cuc sng.
Page 2
LI NI U
NHN XT CA N V THC TP
H v tn sinh vin: HUNH CNG PHC

Trng: i Hc Quc T - HQG TP.HCM
Khoa: in T - Vin Thng
ti thc tp: TM HIU V MNG TRUY NHP FFTH TI N V THC TP.
n v thc tp:/Vin thng TP.HCM
Thi gian thc tp: T ngy ./06/2016 n ngy ./08/2016
Nhn xt trong qu trnh thc tp ca sinh vin:
-
Trong thi gian thc tp, sinh vin Hunh Cng Phc chp hnh tt ni quy, quy
nh ca Cng Ty.
C c gng nghin cu ti liu lin quan v tm hiu cng vic ti n v thc tp.
Bo co thc tp nu c nhng ni dung c bn v: Mng truy nhp FTTH ti
Trung Tm Vin Thng Tn Bnh.
Gim c Trung Tm Vin Thng Tn Bnh
Page 3
Cn b hng dn
THAM KHO
-
Phan Nam Bnh, 2001. Thc Hnh Lp t Cp Quang. Tng cc bu in Nh

xut bn bu in.
Tng cc Bu in, 2002. Cng Trnh Ngoi Vi Nh xut bn Bu in.
Bi Thanh Giang, Nguyn Vn Dng, inh Hi ng v Phm Duy Phong, 2007. Thi
cng cp v hm h cp vin thng Nh xut bn Bu in.
Nguyn Quc Vng, 2016. Tm hiu v mng truy nhp FTTx. Bo co thc tp tt
nghip. i hc Giao thng Vn Ti TPHCM.
Nguyn Quc Hong, 2016. Trin khai mng quang FTTx theo cng ngh GPON.
Bo co thc tp tt nghip. i hc Giao thng Vn Ti TPHCM.
THAM KHO.....................................................................................................................................4
CC THUT NG VIT TT:.........................................................................................................8
LI NI U.....................................................................................................................................1
CHNG 1: GII THIU V TRUNG TM VIN THNG TN BNH...................................2
1.1
M HNH T CHC..................................................................................................2
1.2
CHC NNG, NHIM V.........................................................................................2
1.2.1. Trung tm vin thng...............................................................................................2

1.2.1.1 Chc nng:.........................................................................................................2
1.2.1.2 Nhim v:...........................................................................................................3
1.2.2. Phng Tng Hp......................................................................................................4
1.2.2.1. Chc nng:........................................................................................................4
1.2.2.2 Nhim v............................................................................................................5
1.2.3. Phng K Thut Nghip V......................................................................................7
1.2.3.1. Chc nng:........................................................................................................7
1.2.3.2. Nhim v:..........................................................................................................7
1.2.4. Cc i Vin Thng..................................................................................................8
1.2.4.1 Chc nng:.........................................................................................................8
1.2.4.2 Nhim v:...........................................................................................................8
1.2.5. i ng cu thng tin v qun l BTS.....................................................................9
1.2.5.1.Chc nng:.........................................................................................................9
1.2.5.2.Nhim v:...........................................................................................................9
Thng hiu Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam..................................................10
CHNG 2: CU TRC V CC TIU CHUN MNG TRUY NHP FTTx (GPON V AON)
TI TRUNG TM VIN THNG TN BNH..................................................................................11
2.1. CU TRC MNG FTTx............................................................................................11

2.1.1. Gii thiu chung.....................................................................................................11
2.1.2. Cu trc mng truy nhp AON...............................................................................11
2.1.3 Cu trc mng truy nhp quang GPON..................................................................13
2.1.4 Cc khi chc nng c bn.....................................................................................13
2.1.4.1 Khi kt cui ng quang OLT......................................................................14
2.1.4.2 Khi mng quang ONU...................................................................................14
2.1.4.3 Mng phn phi quang ODN...........................................................................14
2.1.4.4 Mng cp quang thu bao................................................................................15
2.1.5. Cc thng s k thut.............................................................................................18
CHNG 3: CU TRC MNG TRUY NHP FTTH....................................................................23
3.2
CC PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG TRUY NHP FTTH...........................24
3.2.1. CNG NGH MNG PON( PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK)........................24
3.2.1.1 GII THIU....................................................................................................24

3.2.2 CC THIT B PON TCH CC :.......................................................................26
3.3 MNG QUANG CH NG AON ( ACTIVE OPTICAL NETWORK ):.................28
3.3.1 GII THIU...........................................................................................................28
3.3.3 U IM V NHC IM CA MNG AON..............................................29
CHNG 4: QU TRNH LP T V BO DNG MNG CP QUANG............................30
4.1. QU TRNH LP T...............................................................................................30

4.1.1 NHNG QUY NH CHUNG:.............................................................................30
4.2 QUY TRNH LP T CP TREO :..........................................................................31
4.2.1. O H:..............................................................................................................31
4.2.2. LP T DY CO :.............................................................................................31
4.2.3. LP T CP :....................................................................................................32
4.2.4: CC TRNG HP TREO CP C BIT:.....................................................33
4.3. QUY TRNH LP T CP CHON TRC TIP :...................................................33
4.4 QUY TRNH LP T CP TRONG CNG CP :..................................................33
4.5 QUY TRNH LP T CP TRONG HM CP:.....................................................37
4.6 QUY TRNH LP T CP TRONG NH:..............................................................38
4.6.1 YU CU K THUT :..........................................................................................38
4.6.2 LP T CP :.....................................................................................................38
4.7. HOT NG QUN L BO DNG H THNG FTTH...................................39
CHNG 5: PHN TCH S C THNG GP TRN MNG FTTH..................................40
5.1 Phn loi s c...............................................................................................................40

5.1.1 Cc s c, cc li t pha nh cung cp dch v (ISP):..........................................40
5.1.2. Cc s c lin quan n truyn dn ISP n nh khch hng...............................40
5.1.3. Cc s c pha nh khch hng.............................................................................40
5.2.Phn on v x l s c pha nh khch hng.............................................................41
5.2.1 Kim tra converter...................................................................................................41
5.2.2 Kim tra dy nhy quang v ODF...........................................................................43
5.2.4 Li si quang t u khch hng n trm cui.....................................................44
5.2.5 X l li mng PON................................................................................................44
CHNG 6: THIT LP CU HNH THIT B U CUI FTTH TI U KHCH
HNG.................................................................................................................................................46
6.1.Cu hnh modem Totolink F1.........................................................................................46

6.1.1. Gii thiu chung :...................................................................................................46
6.1.2.Thng s k thut :..................................................................................................47
6.1.3 Cu hnh xc thc :.................................................................................................48
KT LUN........................................................................................................................................55
CC THUT NG VIT TT
A
AON
ADM
ADSL
ATM
- Active Optical Network

- Add- Drop Multiplexer
- Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Loop
- Asynchronous Transfer Mode
B
BER
BPON
B-RAS
- Bit Error Rate

- Broadband Passive Optical Network
- Broadband Remote Access Server
C
CO
CPN
CW
EX
- Central Office
- Customer-premise network
- Continuous Wave
- Exchange
F
FSK
FTTH
FTTC
FTTB
FTTN
- Frequency Shift Keying

- Fiber To The Home
- Fiber To The Curb
- Fiber To The Building
- Fiber To The Node
G
GPON
- Gigabit Passive Optical Network
I
ISDN
ITU
- Integrated Service Digital Network

- International Telecommunication Union
L
LAN
LC
- Local Area Network

- Liquid Crystal
M
MAN
MAC
- Metropolitan Area Network

- Medium Access Control
O
OLT
ONU
ODN
- Optical Line Terminal

- Optical Network Unit
- Optical Distribution Network
P
PSTN
PON
POST
- Public Switch Telephone Network

- Passive Optical Network
- Plain Old Telephone Service
PTP
- Point To Point
R
Rx
- Receiver
S
SM
SOA
SONET
- Single Mode
- Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
- Synchronous Optical Network
T
TDM
Tx
- Time Division Multiplexing

- Transmitter
W
WAN
WDM
- Wide Area Network

- Wavelength Division Multiplexing
LI NI U
Cng vi xu hng pht trin ca th gii mng vin thng nc ta pht trin
nhanh chng trong my nm gn y nh chin lc i thng vo hin i ha theo hng s
ha , t ng ha a dch v. Vi t i mi nng ng sng to v c bc i thch hp
trong giai on pht trin .S pht trin ca h tng c s thng tin l yu t quan trng thc
y nn kinh t pht trin nng cao i sng x hi ca con ngi. Tha k nhng thnh tu
ca cc nghnh cng nghip in t bn dn quang hc , cng ngh thng tin. Nn vin thng
th gii cng nh trong nc c nhng bc tin nhy vt a i sng con ngi bc
sang mt k nguyn mi ca thng tin.
Internet tr nn gn gi v ph bin vi nhiu quc gia trn thi gii nh vo cng
ngh Internet bng rng ADSL vi kh nng kt ni, truyn ti d liu gp hang chc n
hang trm ln modem quay s.
Tuy nhin, cng ngh ADSL ang ng trc nguy c phi nhng v tr thng tr lu
nay cho mt loi cng ngh truyn dn mi hn, l cng ngh truyn dn cp si quang,
thng qua kin trc mng s dng cp si quang kt ni vin thng c tn l FTTx (Fiber
To The x).
Mng FTTx trong c FTTH hin ang ng mt vai tr quan trng trong do tim
nng cung cp lng bng thng cho khch hng ln hn so vi cp ng, p ng nhu cu
ngy cng tng v tc v cht lng truyn thoi, d liu v video trn nn IP. Cc cng
ngh thng c s dng to dng cc mng FTTH bao gm c cc mng quang th
ng (PON), mng quan tch cc (AON) v cc cng ngh nn d liu.
Qua thi gian tm hiu thc t v mng vin thng ti Trung Tm Vin Thng Tn
Bnh cng vi s hng dn tn tnh ca anh V Hng Phc - Ph phng K Thut iu
Hnh gip em hon thnh bn bo co thc tp tt nghip ny.
Ni dung bo co:
Chng I
: Gii thiu v Trung tm Vin Thng Tn Bnh.
Chng II
: Cu trc v tiu chun mng truy nhp FTTx (GPON v AON) ti

Trung tm Vin Thng Tn Bnh.
Chng III
: Tng quan v mng truy nhp FTTH
Chng IV
: Phn tch cc s c thng gp trn mng FTTH.
Chng V
: Thit lp cu hnh thit b u cui FTTH ti u cui khch hng.
CHNG 1: GII THIU V TRUNG TM VIN THNG TN BNH
CHNG 1
GII THIU V TRUNG TM VIN THNG TN BNH
1.1 M HNH T CHC
S t chc Trung Tm Vin Thng

1.2 CHC NNG, NHIM V
1.2.1. Trung tm vin thng.
1.2.1.1 Chc nng:
- T chc lp t, cung cp, sa cha dch v vin thng cng ngh thng tin trn
-
a bn bo m cht lng cung cp dch v

T chc qun l, vn hnh, khai thc, bo dng, sa cha c s h tng trm
BTS VNP; tip nhn, x l s c v ng cu thng tin c s h tn trm BTS
VNP; qun l cc hp ng nh trm, hp ng kinh t.

T chc qun l, thc hin cc d n u t mng vin thng v kin trc; t chc
qun l, thc hin cc d n di di, sa cha, nng cp mng vin thng v kin
trc.
Page 2

1.2.1.2 Nhim v:
- T chc qun l vic vn hnh, khai thc, bo dng, sa cha cc thit b mng
ngoi vi; cc thit b u cui thu bao, cc vt t, ti sn, cng c, dng c ng quy
-
trnh, quy nh hin hnh.

Cp nht v qun l y cc h s, d liu: cc thit b mng ngoi vi; cc thit b
u cui thu bao, cc h s khch hang, cc chng trnh qun l, khai thc; cc vt
t, ti sn, cng c, dng c theo phn cp.

nh k kim tra, phn tch cht lng qun l khai thc a ra cc xut, gii
php khc phc, phng nga.

Kho st, xut cc phng n ci to, nng cp, pht trin mi mng ngoi vi thuc
khu vc qun l.
Kho st, lp d ton, thi cng cc cng trnh thay th mi dy l thu bao hoc thay
th nhiu dy l thu bao bng cp dung lng nh.

Thc hin cc cng tc chuyn mng, i s, g b thu hi thit b mng ngoi vi
theo quy trnh qun l khai thc hoc theo phng n, k hoch c ph duyt.
T chc kho st, lp da ton thi cng cc cng trnh sa cha mng ngoi vi, cc
cng trnh sa cha nh trm, ti sn, cng c, dng c theo phn cp.
T chc iu hnh, x l s c mng cp ng, cp quang, phc hi thng tin lin lc
cho khch hng thuc khu vc qun l.

Vn hnh thit b ngun in v ph tr thuc khu vc qun l.
Phi hp vi cc n v lin quan x l s c thit b truyn dn, tip cn thu bao,
xDSL, knh thu ring theo khu vc qun l.

Sa cha thay th ng dy thu bao theo phiu bo h sa cha.
Qun l, khai thc, vn hnh c s h tng trm BTS.
Tip nhn, x l s c v ng cu thng tin c s h tng trm BTS.
Bo tr, bo dng, sa cha, thay th c s h tng trm BTS.
Xy dng k hoch v t chc thc hin bo tr, bo dng mng ngoi vi theo khu
vc qun l.
o th, kim tra nh k cht lng mng ngoi vi v h thng tip t chng st.
Xy dng k hoch pht trin h tng v nng lc mng li theo phn cp.
T chc thc hin u t pht trin c s h tng vin thng - CNTT theo phn cp.
Phi hp vi cc n v lin quan cung cp s liu phc v cho cng tc iu tra, an
ninh theo ch o ca lnh o.

Qun l cht ch vt t thit b, cng c dng c, ti sn c nh, cc khon chi phi ti
n v theo phn cp.

T chc, thc hin cng tc an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng, phng chng chy n,
trc dn qun t v v an ninh quc phng. T chc, trin khai hun luyn bo h lao
ng nh k theo quy nh, phng chng lt bo theo phn cp.

T chc trin khai thc hin phng n bo v ti sn, bo v an ton n v v cc
ni quy, quy nh ca Tp on v Vin Thng TP.HCM.
Page 3

-
Xy dng cc quy trnh cng tc, xy dng bng hng dn cng vic trong ni b
n v.
Xy dng, t chc qun l v pht trin ngun nhn lc theo quy nh ca Vin
Thng TP.HCM.
xut cc bin php m bo sn xut kinh doanh.
T chc thc hin v m s sch qun l cng tc chuyn mn, ti chnh, vt t, ti
sn, cng c, dng c theo ng quy nh.

Gi gn k cng n np, gi tr o c, chun mc vn ha, hoi bo v s mng
ca n v.
Chp hnh cc ch , chnh sch, quy nh ca Nh Nc, Tp on Bu Chnh
Vin Thng Vit Nam v Vin Thng TP.HCM.
1.2.2. Phng Tng Hp

1.2.2.1. Chc nng:
- Tham mu, qun l, iu hnh cng tc: t chc b my, cn b, o to, lao ng,
-
tin lng.
Chnh sch x hi, chm sc sc khe, an ton bo h lao ng.
Tham mu, qun l, iu hnh cc cng tc: hnh chnh, qun tr, tng hp, vn th,
lu tr, i ngoi, bo v an ton c quan, bo v b mt v phng chng chy n.

Xy dng, trin khai v giao ch tiu k hoch sn xut kinh doanh, t chc qun l
vn, chi ph, t chc mua, tip nhn, qun l, cp pht hng ha vt t theo phn cp.
Thc hin cng tc ti chnh k ton ti Trung tm. T chc theo di, qun l hiu qu
ton b ti sn, vt t, CCDC, cng n ca Trung Tam v thc hin hch ton, bo
co k ton theo ng quy nh.
1.2.2.2 Nhim v
a. Cng tc hnh chnh tng hp:
-
Qun l, pht hnh vn bn, ti liu ca Trung tm n cc b phn trc thuc,
c nhn c lin quan.

Qun l con du Trung Tm, ng du, pht hnh cng vn, t liu, kim tra
th thc v th tc trong vic ban hnh cc vn bn ca Trung Tm.

Theo di, tng hp, ghi bin bn cc ca hp ca Trung tm; xy dng, qun
l, thng bo lch lm vic hng tun, hng thng hoc t xut ca Trung
Tm.
T chc v phc v cc cuc hp, hi ngh, ngy L, Tt v.v ng th tc,
ch quy nh.
T chc tip nhn v hng dn khc n quan h cng tc vi lnh o
Trung Tm, cc b phn trc thuc theo quy nh.
Page 4

-
Qun l, theo di cc cng trnh xy dng, sa cha nh, khang trang mt

bng lm vic, lp k hoch bo dng, sa cha h thng in nc ti n
v.
xut b tr sp xp mt bng lm vic cho Trung Tm.
B tr phng tin vn chuyn phc v cc b cng nhn vin i cng tc,
Xy dng, trnh duyt v t chc thc hin chng trnh, k hoch v cng tc
bo v, phng n, ni quy phng chy, cha chy v phng n, phng n,
ni quy bo v ti sn, bo v an ton n v theo chc nng quy nh.

Xy dng, trnh duyt ni quy lm vic, ni quy ra vo c quan, qun l cc
loi v kh theo quy nh, gim st vic qun l bo qun cht d chy, d n
trong c quan.
Thng trc cng tc an ton PCCN, Ban Ch huy t v c s ca Trung Tm.
Thc hin cng tc thi ua, khen thng ca Trung Tm.
b. Cng tc nhn s tin lng:

-
Tham mu cho Gim c Trung Tm v cng tc t chc b my.

Xy dng cc k hoch lao ng v trin khai thc hin nhm m bo duy tr
ngun nhn lc.

Theo di, hng dn v kim sot cng tc b tr nhn s trong ton Trung
Tm.
Lm thng trc cho cng tc t chc nh gi nng lc thc t P3.
Lp th tc thi vic, b nhim, min nhim, lun chuyn nhn s, k lut,
khen thng, hu tr, nng lng, nng bc, hp ng lao ng theo phn cp.
Qun l, cp nhn l lch CB.CNV trn h thng qun l ngun nhn lc.
Phn tch nhu cu o to v xut k hoch o to.
Xy dng k hoch s dng qu tin lng n v.
Thanh ton lng, thng hng thng.
Thanh ton ch BHXH.
Thanh ton ch lin quan khc: ca m, thm gi, cng tc ph
Theo di thu nhp, thu thu nhp.
Theo di kim sot cc ch chnh sch cho ngi lao ng: thi gian lm
vic, thi gian ngh php, thi gian ngh l, thi gian v ch lm ngoi gi,
ch BHXH, BHYT, BHTNL, v cc ch phc li khc

Xy dng k hoch, t chc thc hin v kim sot cng tc Bo h lao ng,
qun l mi trng theo phn cp ca Vin Thng TP.HCM. Lm thng trc
cho cng tc bo h lao ng ca Trung Tm.

Thc hin ch BHL, o kim mi trng, lp th tc gim nh sc khe,
x l cht tho nguy hi, lp k hoch, kim tra ATVSL, ng k, kim nh
my mc, thit b.
Gii quyt cc tranh chp, khiu ni ca nhn vin Trung Tm lien quan n
hp ng lao ng, cc ch chnh sch v cc hot ng ca Trung Tm.
c. Cng tc k hoch vt t:
Page 5

-
Xy dng k hoch sn xut kinh doanh theo h thng ch tiu k hoch (H

thng th cn bng im BSC-KPOs/KPIs) v hng dn ca Vin Thng
TPHCM.
Tng hp, phn tch cc s liu, cc ch tiu kinh t, chun b cc ni dung k
hoch sn xut trnh Gim c Trung Tm giao ch tiu k hoch cho cc b
phn trc thuc n v.

Theo di, tng hp tnh hp tnh hnh sn xut hng thng, qu, nm ca cc
b phn trc thuc v ca Trung Tm.

Lm u mi qun l, phn tch, nh gi hiu qu thc hin k hoch sn
xut, hiu qu s dng cc ngun vn ca Trung Tm.

Lp k hoch theo di s dng chi ph ca n v.
Lp k hoch trang b mua sm: my mc, thit b, phng tin, vt t d
phng cho mng li, cng c, dng c phc v sn xut kinh doanh.
Lp k hoch u t, qun l u t, xy dng, t chc qun l v thm nh
cc d n u t xy dng, sa cha theo phn cp.

Thng tho, lp v trnh k cc loi hp ng theo linh vc c phn cng,
theo di qu trnh thc thin v thanh l hp ng.

T chc tip nhn vt t, thit b v cp pht vt t, thit b cho cc b phn
lin quan.
d. Cng tc k ton:
-
Tham mu cho lnh o Trung Tm v qun l cng tc k ton, ti chnh.

Thc hin v phn nh cc khon thu chi tin, nhp xut vt t; chp hnh
thu, np cc khong phi np v Vin Thng TP.HCM theo quy nh.

Qun l cc khon cn n phi thu, phi tr, phi hp vi cc n v lin quan
trong Trung Tm thu hi cng n.

Theo di, hch ton doanh thu cc theo quy nh.
Thc hin ch bo co quyt ton ti chnh theo quy nh.
Kim sot xut nhp vt t, nhin liu, thit b v.v theo quy nh.
Hch ton chi ph, theo di thanh ton vt t, chi ph thng xuyn theo quy
nh.
Kim tra, theo di, thng k bo co cng c, dng c, ti sn c nh ca
Trung Tm.
Thm nh k ton d tr chi ph v tm ng chi ph.
Qun l tin mt, bo co thu chi, tn qu theo quy nh.
1.2.3. Phng K Thut iu Hnh.

1.2.3.1. Chc nng:
- Tham mu qun l, iu hnh cng tc: k thut nghip v vin thng, pht trin
mng vin thng, iu hnh, qun l v kim tra k thut nghip v mng vin thng,
Page 6

t chc qun l, qun tr c s d liu v mng my tnh trong phm vi ton Trung
Tm.
1.2.3.2. Nhim v:
- Tham mu cho Lnh o Trung Tm v k thut. Thng trc kim sot cng tc bo
-
co s liu k thut.
Trin khai, hng dn, h tr v kim tra thc hin cc quy trnh k thut, nghip v,
cc quy phm, quy nh, tiu chun k thut ca Nh Nc, Tp on Bu Chnh
Vin Thng VN, Vin Thng TP.HCM v lnh vc vin thng. Lm thng trc cng
tc son tho, iu chnh cc quy trnh k thut, nghip v ca Trung tm.

T chc qun l ti liu k thut, h s mng li, thit b, i trm, T chc iu tra,
cp nhp d liu, ha mng ngoi vi theo quy nh, qun l d liu khch hng
theo phn cp.

Lp k hoch v xut cc gii php khai thc v pht trin mng li, m bo
nng lc phc v sn xut kinh doanh, p ng y nhu cu u vo. Phi hp vi
cc n v lin quan lp phng n k thut cc cng trnh pht trin, sa cha, di
di, ngm ha mng ngoi vi, cng trnh thay th dy l, kin trc.
Lp k hoch v xut cc gii php nng cao cht lng mng li, m bo mng
li t cc ch tiu Vin Thng TP giao. Lp k hoch v kim tra cng tc sa cha,
bo dng mng vin thng do Trung tm qun l.

iu hnh x l s c mng vin thng theo quy nh. Cung cp thng tin, xut
phng n x l s c theo quy trnh, phi hp x l s c vi cc n v lin quan.

Trin khai dch v mi trn mng vin thng do Trung Tm qun l.
Phi hp gii quyt cc khiu ni ca khch hng theo phn cp.
Tham gia cc hi ng t vn, t chuyn gia do Gim c Trung Tm ch nh.
Thng trc theo di, pht hin cc trng hp kinh doanh tri php cc dch v vin
thng.
Phi hp cc n v lin quan trong vic tnh ton hiu qu u t cc d n. Tham
gia nghim thu bn giao, quyt ton cng trnh mng ngoi vi v kin trc thuc a
bn qun l ca Trung Tm.

Thng trc cng tc PCLB, ngm ha, chuyn mng, i s, kim nh hng ha vt
t trc khi nhp kho v thanh l.
1.2.4. Cc i Vin Thng

1.2.4.1 Chc nng:
- T chc lp t, cung cp, sa cha dch v vin thng cng ngh thng tin trn a
bn bo m cht lng cung cp dch v.
Page 7

1.2.4.2 Nhim v:
a. Cng tc pht trin v sa cha dch v: Thc hin theo cc quy trnh lp t dch
v, sa cha dch v, qun l v quyt ton vt t, thu hi thit b:
-
T chc lp t, sa cha cc dch v vin thng.

T chc qun l, phn phi giao nhn vt t cho cc nhm cng nhn sn xut.
- T chc quyt ton vt t, lp t, sa cha.
- Kim sot cng tc hon tt thu nhn h s tin NHM, tr trc ti nh.
- T chc thu hi thit b.
- Cp nht d liu mng cp, qun l thit b, khch hng trn cc chng trnh
qun l theo quy nh.
b. Qun l v khai thc mng li:

-
T chc kim tra bo tr mng cp, mng hm cng m bo cht lng dch v.
Kim sot mng truyn dn trm BTS khu vc.
xut cc phng n sa cha hoc u t mng li nhm m bo y
nng lc v cht lng mng li bao gm mng cp, hm cng.
c. Cng tc qun l v chm sc khch hng

Theo di danh sch khch hng pht sinh cc kim sot doanh thu khu vc, xy
dng phng n chm sc khch hng ph hp nhm duy tr v tng doanh thu khu
vc.
1.2.5. i ng cu thng tin v qun l BTS
1.2.5.1. Chc nng:
-
T chc, iu hnh x l s c mng cp ng, cp quang, vn hnh thit b ngun
in, ph tr v.v thuc khu vc chi nhanh qun l.

T chc qun l, vn hnh, khai thc, bo dng, sa cha c s h tng trm BTS.
Tip nhn, x l s c v ng cu thng tin c s hn tng trm BTS.
1.2.5.2. Nhim v:
a. Cng tc ng cu thng tin:
-
T chc, iu hnh x l s c mng cp ng, cp quang, vn hnh thit b ngun
in, ph tr v.v thuc khu vc chi nhnh qun l.

Qun l cc thit b o, cng c dng c, vt t cng trnh, quyt ton vt t theo quy
nh.
Trin khai hun luyn bo h lao ng bc 3, thc hin y cc cng tc an ton
lao ng, v sinh lao ng, phng chng chy n, phng chng l bo theo quy nh.
Phc v cc cng tc theo yu cu t xut ca Trung Tm v Vin Thng TP.HCM
Phi hp vi cc n v lin quan x l s c thit b truyn dn, tip cn thu bao,
xDSL, MSAN, knh thu ring, thit b ngun in, ph tr v.v..

Kim tra, bo tr, bo dng t tip cn thu bao, MSAN.
Page 8

-
Gim st sa cha bo h 119 tai n b. Gim st cng tc lp t in thoi v thu
bao MegaVNN.
Theo di, n c, h tr cng tc sa cha, x l s c ti cc t trc thuc Trung
tm qun l.
b. Qun l h tng BTS:

-
T chc kim tra bo tr cc trm BTS, x l s c nh v thit b, vn hnh cng tc
chy my pht in khi c s c.

u mi quan h v tip nhn trao i cc thng tin vi ch nh.
xut phng n sa cha lin quan n h tng BTS.
Thng hiu Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam
Page 9
CHNG 2: CU TRC V CC TIU CHUN MNG TRUY NHP FTTx
CHNG 2
CU TRC V CC TIU CHUN MNG TRUY NHP
FTTx (GPON V AON) TI TRUNG TM VIN
THNG TN BNH.
2.1. CU TRC MNG FTTx
2.1.1. Gii thiu chung.
Mng truy nhp quang c chia lm hai loi c bn l mng truy nhp quang tch
cc AON v mng truy nhp quang th ng PON. Mng AON s dng cc thit b tch cc
nh cc b chia tch cc hoc cc b ghp knh on phn b ca mng truy nhp. Mng
PON khng cha bt k mt phn t tch cc no cn phi c s chuyn i in quang.
Thay vo , PON s ch bao gm: si quang, cc b chia, b kt hp, b ghp nh hng,
thu knh, b lc iu ny gip cho PON c mt s u im nh: khng cn ngun in
cung cp nn khng b nh hng bi li ngun, c tin cy cao v khng cn phi bo
dng do tn hiu khng b suy hao nhiu nh i vi cc phn t tch cc.
Hnh 2.1: Mng truy nhp quang
2.1.2. Cu trc mng truy nhp AON

Mng quang tch cc AON s dng mt s thit b quang tch cc phn chia tnh
hiu l: Switch, router c u ni qua ODF tp trung bng cc si dy nhy quang. ODF l
ni kt cui cp trong trm, cp quang c u ni t ODF i ra ngoi mng v c chia
Page 10
ra cc tp im quang AON, t tp im AON c ko dy dropwire quang n h gia nh

c nhu cu cung cp dch v Internet, Metronet Mi tn hiu i ra t pha nh cung cp ch
c a trc tip ti khch hng yu cu.
Hnh 2.2: Cu trc mng AON

Cu hnh mng c bn ca mng truy nhp quang c trnh by hnh 2.3
Hnh 2.3: Cu hnh ca mng truy nhp quang

FTTC (Fiber To The Curb)
T trung tm chuyn mch cp si quang c dn ti phn phi t trn va h (Curb),
l ng (FTTK- Kerb), ngoi ra cn c gi l FTTP- cp quang n ct cp treo (Pole),
t t n u cui thit b trong phm vi 300m c th s dng mng cp ng hin hu.
Page 11
FTTN (Fiber To The Node)

Cp si quang c dn ti im nt (Node), ngoi ra cn c gi l FTTCab- Cp
quang n t cp (Cabinet). Tng t nh FTTC nhng khong cch t node n khu vc
khch hng xa hn.
FTTB/FTTO (Fiber To the Building/Office)
Cu trc tng t nhau v gn ging vi FTTC. im khc bit gia chng l FTTB
v FTTO c thit b u cui quang t rt gn thu bao (khong vi chc mt), ngha l cp
si quang c dn ti phng my trung tm ca ta nh cao tng, t thng qua phng
tin chuyn i (quang in) u ni ti tng ngi s dng ring bit.
FTTH (Fiber To The Home)
Cp si quang c ko ti tn thit b u cui ca thu bao v trin khai lp t
ONT ti nh khch hng.
2.1.3 Cu trc mng truy nhp quang GPON
2.1.3.1 Mng GPON

Khi nim: GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks) l chun mng
trong cng ngh mng chun PON (Passive Optical Network), tc Gigabit. y l
m hnh kt ni mng theo kiu kt ni: im a im, trong cc thit b kt ni
gia nh mng v khch hng s dng cc b chia tn hiu quang (Spliter) th ng
(khng dng in). Tn hiu Download c truyn ti thu bao c m ha trnh
vic xem trm.Tn hiu Upload c kt hp bng vic s dng giao thc a truy
nhp phn chia theo thi gian s iu khin vic s dng cc khe thi gian cho vic
truyn d liu ng Uplink mt cch ti u nht.
Page 12
Hnh 2.1: M hnh mng GPON

OLT (Optical Line Terminal): thit b kt cui cp quang tch cc lp t ti pha nh cung
cp dch v thng c t ti cc i trm.
ONT (Optical Network Terminal)/ONU (Optical Network Unit): thit b kt cui mng cp
quang tch cc, kt ni OLT thng qua mng phn phi quang.
B chia/ghp quang th ng (Splitter): Dng chia/ghp th ng tn hiu quang t nh
cung cp dch v n khch hng v ngc li gip tn dng hiu qu si quang vt l.
Cu hnh tham chiu ca mng truy nhp quang c trnh by trn hnh 2.4
ONT
Hnh 2.4: Cu hnh tham chiu ca mng truy nhp quang

Cu trc trn hnh 2.4 bao gm 4 khi c bn: u cui ng quang (OLT), mng
phi dy quang (ODN), Splitter v thit b u cui (ONT).
2.1.4 Cc khi chc nng c bn.
H thng mng truy nhp quang GPON bao gm ba thnh phn c bn: OLT,
ONU/ONT v ODN. H thng AON c cc khi chc nng n gin gm switch, router,
mng cp quang AON, cc router ti nh khch hng, c bn hn so vi h thng GPON.
2.1.4.1 Khi kt cui ng quang OLT.
Cc khi OLT chnh c m t trong hnh 2.5:
Page 13
Hnh 2.5: Cc khi chc nng ca OLT

2.1.4.2 Khi mng quang ONU
Cu hnh in hnh ca mt ONU c m t trong hnh 2.6:
Hnh 2.6: Cc khi chc nng ca ONU

2.1.4.3 Mng phn phi quang ODN
Mng phn phi quang kt ni gia mt OLT vi mt hoc nhiu ONU s dng thit
b tch/ghp quang v mng cp quang thu bao.
Hnh 2.7: Mng phn phi quang ODN
2.4.3 Mng phn phi quang ODN

2.4.3.1 B tch / ghp quang:
Cc b tch / ghp NxN c ch to bng cch ghp nhiu tng b 2 x 2 vi

nhau nh Hnh 1.6 hoc s dng cng ngh ng dn sng phng.
Page 14
Hnh 2.6 Cc b ghp 8 x 8 c to ra t cc b ghp 2 x 2

Cc b tch / ghp c c trng bng cc tham s sau : suy hao chia, suy hao ghp, iu
hng.
2.1.4.4 Mng cp quang thu bao
Mng cp quang thu bao c xc nh trong phm vi ranh gii t giao tip si
quang gia thit b OLT n thit b ONU/ONT.
Hnh 2.8: Cu trc c bn mng cp quang thu bao

Mng cp quang thu bao c cu thnh bi cc thnh phn chnh nh sau:
Cp quang gc (Feeder Cable): xut pht t pha nh cung cp dch (hay cn gi chung l
Central Office) ti im phn phi c gi l DP (Distribution Point).
im phn phi si quang (DP): l im kt thc ca on cp gc. Trn thc t trin
khai, im phn phi si quang thng l mng xng quang, hoc cc t cp quang phn
phi, u tin dng mng xng quang.
Cp quang phi (Distribution Optical Cable): xut pht t im phi quang (DP) ti cc
im truy nhp mng (AP- Access Point) hay t cc t quang phi ti cc tp im
quang.
Page 15
Cp quang thu bao (Drop Cable): xut pht t cc im truy nhp mng (AP) hay t cc
tp im quang n thu bao.
H thng qun l mng quang (FMS Fiber Management System) c s dng
bo dng v x l s c.
im qun l quang (FMP Fiber Management Point): d dng cho x l s c v
pht hin t ng
Cu trc tiu biu ca mng cp quang thu bao FTTx c m t theo hnh di:
Hnh 2.9: Cu trc tiu biu ca mng cp quang thu bao

T hnh v trn, cu trc ca mng cp quang thu bao tiu biu s bao gm cc thnh
phn sau:
a) T quang phi cp 1:
-
T quang phi cp 1 ng vai tr tp trung dung lng cp gc cn phc v cho 01

khu vc do t quang phi cp 1 ny qun l.
T i/trm n t quang phi cp 1, l tp hp cc si cp quang gc n t quang

phi cp 1.
T quang phi cp 1 ny s l ni lp t cc b chia splitter cp 1 (S1) trn mng.
Dung lng cho 01 si cp quang gc tiu biu i ra t i/trm n t quang phi cp

1 ti thiu l 48FO.
b) T quang phi cp 2:
T quang phi cp 2 ng vai tr tp trung dung lng cp phi cn phc v cho 01

khu vc do t quang phi cp 2 ny qun l. V c bn, 01 t quang phi cp 1 s
qun l nhiu t quang phi cp 2.
Page 16
T t quang phi cp 1 n t quang phi cp 2, l tp hp cc si cp quang phi n

t quang phi cp 2.
T quang phi cp 2 ny s l ni lp t cc b chia splitter cp 2 (S2) trn mng.
Dung lng cho 01 si cp quang phi tiu biu i ra t t quang phi cp 01 n t

quang phi cp 2 ti thiu l 48FO.
c) Tp im quang:
Tp im quang l ni phi cp quang thu bao n khch hng.
T t quang phi cp 2 n tp im quang l tp hp cc si quang phi n tp

im.
Dung lng cho 01 si cp quang phi tiu biu i n tp im quang c dung lng
ti thiu l 12FO.
d) B chia (Splitter)
B chia (Splitter) l thit b ghp/chia tch quang th ng khng cn ngun.
B chia (Splitter) s c thit k ph bin trn tng tuyn cp ca mng cp quang

thu bao c tng t l chia ti a cho php hin nay l 1:64
Phn b b chia ph bin trn mng theo t l chia 1:2 ti t quang phi cp 1 v t l
chia 1:32 ti t quang phi cp 2.
Hnh 2.10: B chia Splitter

Vic qun l cc thnh phn chnh trong cu trc s tun theo mt s nguyn tc c
bn sau:
Page 17
01 t cp quang phi cp 1 c dung lng t 384 F.O (c s dng kt ni cho) s

qun l ti a 06 t quang phi cp 2.
01 t cp quang phi cp 2 c dung lng ti a 96 F.O (khng s dng cu trc u

ni cho) s qun l ti a 08 tp im quang.
Tp im quang s dng loi c bn c dung lng u ni ti thiu 12 FO.
Cp quang t t cp quang phi cp 2 ti tp im c dung lng ti thiu 12 FO.
Cp quang vo cc khu building s dng ti thiu cc c dung lng 24 FO.
Mng cp quang thu bao c phn thnh cc vng mng theo ng vng phc v
ca cc i/trm tng i ni ht hin hu nhm to s thun tin trong vic qun l
v pht huy hiu qu cc ngun lc sn c (c s h tng, kh nng p ng, phc v
khch hng).
Vng phc v ca mt t cp quang cp 1 v cp 2 bn knh khng qu 1.000m (ni

thnh) v 1.500m (ngoi thnh).
Vng phc v ca mt tp im quang bn knh khng qu 300m (ni thnh) v

500m (ngoi thnh).
Trn thc t ty vo khu vc thu bao v a hnh ca khu vc thu bao c th, m
c th b tr cc v tr S1 v S2 cho ph hp. Chng hn vi cc khu cao c vn
phng, thng mi hay chung c cao cp, S2 c th c b tr bn trong tng khu.
Hoc S1 c b tr ring phc v cho 01 khu cng nghip hay khu cng ngh
cao.
2.1.5. Cc thng s k thut.

Cc thng s k thut c bn ca mng GPON:
Cc tiu chun trong mng GPON
Chun G.981.1
GPON c ITU-T chun ha theo chun G.984 bt u t nm 2003, m rng t chun
BPON G.983.
ITU-T G.984.1 ( 03/2003) G-PON: General characteristics: cung cp cc giao din mng
ngi dng (UNI), giao din nt dch v (SNI) v mt s dch v. Chun ny k tha h
thng G.982 (APON) v G.983.x (BPON) bng vic xem xt li dch v h tr, chnh sch
bo mt, tc bit danh nh.
Page 18
ITU-T G.984.2 (03/2003) G-PON: PMD layer specification: ch ra cc yu cu cho lp

vt l v cc chi tit k thut cho lp PMD. N bao gm cc h thng c tc hng
xung 1244.160 Mbit/s, 2488.320 Mbit/s v hng ln 155.520 Mbit/s, 622.080 Mbit/s,
1244.160 Mbit/s, 2488.320 Mbit/s. M t c h thng GPON i xng v bt i xng.
ITU-T G.984.2 Adm 1 (02/2006): thm ph lc cho ITU-T G.984.2, cc xc minh v kh
nng chp nhn gi thnh sn xut cng nghip i vi h thng G-PON 2.488/1.244 Gbit/s
ITU-T G.984.3 (02/2004) G-PON: TC layer specification: m t lp hi t truyn dn
(Transmission convergence TC) cho cc mng G-PON bao gm nh dng khung,
phng thc iu khin truy nhp mi trng, phng thc ranging, chc nng OAM v
bo mt.
ITU-T G.984.3 Adm1 (07/2005): ci tin ch tiu k thut lp TC, sa i hiu chnh v t
ng G.984.3.
Tc truyn dn:
1,24416 Gbps ng ln; 2,48832 ng xung.
Bc sng: 1310nm ng ln; 1490nm ng xung.
Bc sng: 1550nm ng xung dng cho video.
a truy nhp hng ln: TDMA
Cp pht bng thng ng DBA (Dynamic Bandwith Allocation)
Loi lu lng: d liu s
Khung truyn dn: GEM
Page 19
Dch v: dch v y (Ethernet, TDM, POTS)
T l chia ca b chia th ng: 1:64
Gi tr BER ln nht : 10-12
Phm vi cng sut s dng lung xung: -3 n +2 dbm (10km ODN) hoc +2
n +7 (20km ODN)
Phm vi cng sut s dng lung ln: -1 n +4 dBm (10km v 20km ODN)
Loi cp: tiu chun ITU-T Rec. G.652. Suy hao 0.35 dB/km si n mode bc
sng 1310nm.
Suy hao ti a gia cc ONU: 15dB.
Suy hao splistter 1:8: 9dB.
HNH NH U NI SPLITTER TI T
Page 20
Radius
30mm
u ra ca Splitter
u ni n thu bao
a) Thit b s dng:
Cp quang: s dng loi ng m lng, theo tiu chun ITU G652.D. Suy hao
si quang bao gm mi hn:
-
1310nm v 1490nm: 0.35dB/km
1550nm: 0.3 dB/km

Mi ni: s dng mi ni c kh, yu cu kn nc, c kh nng r nhnh, c
th lp t trong hm hoc trn ct, bn trong c cc khay hn ni v lp t b
chia quang.
Page 21
Hnh 2.11: Cc loi khp ni thng dng

B chia quang: C kh nng chia ghp cng sut quang 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16,
1:32, 1:64 c u ni SC/APC. Suy hao b chia ghp quang:
S port
2
4
8
16
32
64
Suy hao splitter (dB)

3
6
9
12
15
18
B chia quang khi PLC

Dy nhy quang c s dng u ni gia cc gi u ni quang vi nhau,
hoc t gi u ni quang ti thit b truen dn.
Page 22
Hnh 2.12: Dy nhy quang

Dy nhy quang phi c gn u ni quang hai u.
Chiu di khng nn vt qu 30m (theo TIA/EIA 568-B.1)
Si cp quang ch to dy phi tun th tiu chun cht lng truyn dn v si
G.652D nh phn I cp i vi cp quang n mode. Lng truyn dn
ITU.TL.36 cho u ni quang nh phn V cp.
Suy hao khng vt qu 1dB (bao gm suy hao si quang, suy hao u ni).
Kh nng tho ra lp vo ti thiu 500 ln
Si dy nhy quang c cu trc ng m cht vi ng knh l 900 m
500
m.
Si dy bn lm bng vt liu aramid c tc dng gia cng kh nng chu lc v chng

thm nc.
V bc si dy nhy quang c mu vng, ng knh ti thiu 3mm (nu khng c yu
cu c bit) v c ch to t vt liu bo m khi chy khng lan ta v khng ta
kh Halogen dng LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen).
Trn si dy nhy quang cn phi ghi r cc thng tin chnh nh sau: Tn nh sn xut,
tn loi cp, chiu di ca on dy nhy, nm sn xut.
Page 23
Dy Pigtail c s dng u ni gia gi u ni quang vi phn cp

quang chy t ngoi vo hoc vi cc b phn thit b khc. Thng thng, dy nhy
quang c hn mt u, u cn li c gn u ni quang.
Dy Pigtail phi c gn u ni quang mt u, u cn li c hn vi si cp
quang cn kt ni.
Si cp quang ch to Pigtail phi tun th tiu chun cht lng truyn dn v si
G.652D nh phn I cp i vi cp quang n mode.
u ni quang ch to si Pigtail phi tun t tiu chun cht lng truyn dn ITUTL.36 cho u ni quang.
Chiu di khg nn vt qu 30m (theo TIA/EIA 568-B.1)
Suy hao khng vt qu 0.5dB (bao gm suy hao si quang, suy hao u ni).
Suy hao khi hn nng chy khng c vt qu 0.1 dB
Hnh 2.13: Dy Pigtail
Page 24
CHNG 3: CU TRC MNG TRUY NHP FTTH
CHNG 3:
CU TRC MNG TRUY NHP FTTH
FTTH ( Fiber to the Home) :
Cp quang n nh thu bao. Ko cp quang trc tip n nh thu bao. FTTH l mt
cng ngh kt ni vin thng s dng cp quang t nh cung cp dch v ti a im ca
khch hng ( vn phng , c quan , nh ). Cng ngh ca ng truyn c thit lp trn c
s d liu c truyn qua tn hiu quang ( nh sng) trong si cp quang n thit b u
cui ca khch hng , tn hiu c converter , bin i thnh tn hiu in , qua cp mng i
vo broadband router. Nh , khch hng c th truy cp internet bng thit b ny qua c
dy hoc khng dy.
3.1.1. U IM CA MNG TRUY NHP FTTH
Mt kt ni a dch v : Hin nay cng ngh FTTH ( Fiber-to-the-home ) l mng
vin thng bng thng ng bng cp quang c ni n tn nh cung cp cc dch v
tc cao nh in thoi, Internet tc cao ang c trin khai trn th gii.
Khi dng cng ngh FTTH ng truyn dn hon ton bng cp quang n tn
phng my ca ngi s dng. Cht lng truyn dn tn hiu bn b n nh khng b suy
hao bi nhiu in t, thi tit hay chiu di si cp nh i vi ADSL.
bo mt rt cao. Vi ADSL, kh bng bo mt thp hn v c th b nh cp tn
hiu trn ng dy , cn vi FTTH th hu nh khng th b nh cp tn hiu trn ng
dy.
Vi cng ngh FTTH, nh cung cp dch v c th cung cp tc download ln n
10 Gigabit/giy, nhanh gp 2,5 ln so vi ADSL 2+ ( hin ch c th p ng 20
Megabit/giy).Tc truyn dn vi ADSL l khng cn bng , tc ti ln lun nh hn
tc ti xung ( Bt i xng , Download > Upload ) v ti a 20Mbps. Cn FTTH cho
php cn bng, tc ti ln v ti xung nh nhau (i xng , download=upload ) v cho
php ti a l 10 Gpbs, c th phc v mt lc hng trm my tnh.
FTTH c bit hiu qu vi cc dch v : Hosting Server ring, VPN (mng ring o),
truyn d liu, Game online, IPTV (truyn hnh tng tc), xem phim theo truyn ti d liu
Page 25
cao, c th nng cp ln bng thng ti 1Gbps, an ton d liu, n nh cao, khng b nh

hng bi nhiu in, t trng.
Xu hng tng lai

D kin FTTH s dn thay th ADSL trong tng lai gn mt khi bng thng ADSL
khng sc cung cp ng thi cc dch v trc tuyn trong cng mt thi im.
FTTH th cung cp mt IP tnh thch hp vi cc doanh nghip,t chc trin khai d
dng cc dch v trc tuyn nh IP camera, lu tr mail, truyn tc cao.
Tc upload ca FTTH vt qua nghng chun ADSL2+ (1Mbps) hin ti v c th
ngang bng tc download .V vy thch hp vi vic truyn ti d liu theo chiu t trong
mng khch hng ra ngoi internet. n nh v tui th cao hn dch v ADSL do khng
b nh hng bi nhiu in, t trng; kh nng nng cp tc (download /upload ) d
dng.
Bn cnh cc ng dng nh ADSL c th cung cp Triple Play Service (d liu, truyn
hnh , thoi), vi u th bng thng vt tri, FTTH sn sng cho cc ng dng i hi bng
thng cao, c bit l truyn hnh phn gii cao (HDTV) yu cu bng thng ln n vi
chc Mbps, trong khi ADSL khng p ng c. n nh ngang bng nh dch v
internet thu knh ring Leased-line nhng chi ph thu bao hng thng thp hn vi chc
ln. y s l mt gi dch v thch hp cho nhm cc khch hng c nhu cu s dng cao
hn ADSL v kinh t hn Leased-line.
3.2 CC PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG TRUY NHP FTTH
3.2.1. CNG NGH MNG PON( PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK)
3.2.1.1 GII THI U
PON ( Passive Optical Network): mng quang b ng (nhng ni c mt thu
bao nhiu hn 200) PON l kiu mng im - a im (P2M). Mi khch hng c kt ni
ti mng quang thng qua mt b chia quang th ng, v vy khng c cc thit b mng
ch ng trong mng phn chia v bng thng c chia s nhnh (feeder) n ngi dng
(Drop). Tn hiu download c broadcast ti cc h gia nh, tn hiu ny c m ha
trnh vic xem trm. Tn hiu upload c kt hp bng vic s dng giao thc a truy cp
phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA). OLT s iu khin cc ONU s dng cc khe thi gian cho
vic s dng Uplink .u im ca PON l n s dng cc splitter khng cn cp ngun, c
gi thnh r v c th t bt k u, khng ph thuc vo cc iu kin mi trng, khng
Page 26
phi cung cp nng lng cho cc thit b gia phng my trung tm v pha ngi dng.
Ngoi ra , u im ny cn gip cc nh khai thc gim c chi ph bo dng vn hnh.
Kin trc PON cho php gim chi ph cp si quang v gim chi ph cho thit b ti CO do n
cho php nhiu ngi dng chia s chung mt si quang .
Hnh 3.1: Kin trc mng PON
GE
CES
CES
OLT
AP/Splitter
Cp quang
BRAS
Cp quang
GE
MAN-E
AP/Splitter
Page 27
Hnh 3.2: S u ni tng qut cc thu bao FTTH trn nn GPON

Cc module tch cc trong mng bao gm thit b u cui ng dy quang (OLT)
t ti CO v mt thit b u cui mng quang (ONT) hoc mt n v mng quang (ONU)
ti u xa ca mng. Trong hnh 1.2 mt ONT c dng khi dy quang m rng n tn nh
khch hng, trong khi ONU c dng khi thit b u cui si quang c t trong mt t
vin thng gn mt cm dn c hoc cc cng ty. Cc kt ni t ONU n nh khch hng c
th bng cc phng tin khc nh cp ng trc hoc i dy xon.
Trong mt vi trng hp ta c th tit kim chi ph nu chy mt dy si quang t
splitter chnh n cc cluster a phng bao gm cc nh v cng ty nh trong mt vng ln
cn. Trong trng hp ny, mt splitter quang nh c t ti im kt thc ca si quang
v sau cc kt ni ngn t n cc user.
Thut ng mng quang phn phi (ODN) cp n tt c si quang v cc b chia
quang th ng hoc cc b ghp nm gia OLT v cc ONT v ONU. Cc module tch cc
trong mng bao gm thit b u cui ng dy quang (OLT) t ti CO v mt thit b u
cui mng quang (ONT) hoc mt n v mng quang (ONU) ti u xa ca mng. Trong
hnh trn, mt ONT c dng khi dy quang m rng n tn nh khch hng, trong khi
ONU c dng khi thit b u cui si quang c t trong mt t vin thng gn mt
cm dn c hoc cc cng ty. Cc kt ni t ONU n nh khch hng c th bng cc
phng tin khc nh cp ng trc hoc i dy xon.
Trong mt vi trng hp ta c th tit kim chi ph nu chy mt dy si quang t
splitter chnh n cc cluster a phng bao gm cc nh v cng ty nh trong mt vng ln
cn. Trong trng hp ny, mt spliiter quang nh c t ti im kt thc ca si quang
v sau cc kt ni ngn t n cc user.
Thut ng mng quang phn phi (ODN) cp n tt c si quang v cc b chia
quang th ng hoc cc b ghp nm gia OLT v cc ONT v ONU.
Page 28
3.2.2. CC THIT B PON TCH CC :

OLT:
OLT c t ti CO v iu khin lung thng tin theo hai hng qua ODN. Mt
OLT nn c kh nng h tr khong cch truyn xuyn qua ODN ln n 20km. Trong lung
xung, OLT broadcast tt c thng tin cho cc ONU theo ghp knh TDM, trong khi lung
ln, cc thng tin t cc ONU c ghp knh theo TDMA v gi cho OLT.
Mt OLT thc t c thit k iu khin nhiu hn 1 PON. Trong thc t OLT
c t ti CO, ni c mi trng kh n nh so vi ca ONT, thng c t ti mt t
ngoi tri hoc gn vo cc ta nh. Tuy nhin, mt ONT cng c th t trong mt mi
trng trong nh tt hn.
Trong mng PON, lu lng thoi v data s dng bc sng 1490nm cho lung
xung, lu lng video s dng bc sng 1550nm.Lung ln ca voice v data s dng
bc sng 1310nm. Cc b ghp WDM th ng thc hin vic ghp cc bc sng v chia
theo chc nng. Da vo chun mng PON thc t ang s dng, thit b lung xung v
lung ln hot ng ti 155Mbps, 622Mbps, 1.25 Gbps, hoc 2.5 Gbps. Trong mt vi
trng hp tc truyn lung ln v xung l nh nhau (symmetric), trong mt s chun
PON khc tc lung ln ln hn tc lung ln, c gi l asymmetric (bt i xng).
Mt s kiu truyn khc nhau c th dng cho lung xung video bc sng 1550nm.
ONT :
ONT l mt thit b thu bao n l c t ti nh khch hng nhm mc ch cung
cp mt kt ni quang n PON trn lung ln v giao tip in i vi thit b khch hng

pha cn li. Da trn cc thit b giao tip ca khch hng hoc nhm ngi dng, ONT
h tr mt hn hp cc dch v, bao gm cc tc ethernet khc nhau, T1 hoc E1 (1.544
hoc 2.048 Mbps), DS3 hoc E3 (44.736 hoc 34.368 Mbps), ATM (155Mbps) v cc dng
video s hoc tng t.
ONU:
Mt ONU thng c t trong cc t ngoi tri, vi s thay i nhit rt ln v
mi trng khc nghit. T ng cc ONU phi chng vo nc, chng n mn v cc cn
gi ln. Thm vo , c mt ngun bn trong vn hnh cc thit b.cng vi 1 ngun
pin d tr.
Kt ni t ONU n khch hng c th s dng i dy xon, cp ng trc, hoc 1
dy si quang, hoc khng dy.
Page 29
3.2.3
U IM V NHC IM CA MNG PON
u im :
Bng thng rng , thun tin cho vic cung cp thm cc dch v mi. Gim bt c
lng cp ko n khch hng.
Li im khi trin khai ti khu vc c mt thu bao cao nhm gim bt gi thnh
u t thit b.
y cng l cng ngh c s dng ch yu ti cng ty .
Nhc im:
Khong cch phc v c th p ng ti a l 20km.
Mt thi gian v phi u t mng truy nhp quang, la chn im t b chia m

bo hiu sut s dng cng ca OLT.
Khng ph hp vi nhng a im mt thu bao thp v lc chi ph u t s

rt ln.
Bng thng kt ni t OLT ti khch hng s b chia s.
3.3. MNG QUANG CH NG AON (ACTIVE OPTICAL NETWORK ):

3.3.1 GII THIU
L kiu kin trc mng truyn dn quang m ti cc im mng (node) c cha cc thit
b cn s dng ngun in nh Switch, MUX ( Multiplexer). Tn hiu khi i qua cc node
c bin i t quang sang in v ngc li, ri mi chuyn tip i. Vic chuyn i ny
lm nh hng n tc truyn d liu. Tuy nhin nh b m (cache) ca cc thit b
chuyn mch m qu trnh chuyn mch ca d liu c hn ch xung t.
Vic xy dng AON da trn cc chun cng ngh Ethernet c gi l mng Metro
Ethernet Network (MEN), hay cn gi l MAN-E (Metropolitan Access Network Ethernet)
hay E-MAN. Cu trc MAN-E gm cc Switch c kt ni vi nhau theo m hnh phn
lp: Lp trc chnh Lp tp hp Lp truy nhp .
-
Lp trc chnh (Core layer) gm cc thit b chuyn mch rt thng minh c chc nng
x l nhanh nhy mt s lng ln cc gi tin.
Page 30
Lp tp hp ( Aggregation layer ) l lp trung gian c th cung cp cc kt ni trc tip

hoc tp hp lu lng t lp truy cp v chuyn tip ln lp trc chnh.
Lp truy nhp (Access layer ) l lp cung cp cc kt ni trc tip n khch hng, tp

hp lu lng t cc thit b ca khch hng chuyn ti ln mng trc, thit b thng
bao gm cc Switch layer 2 c cc giao din in fast Ethernet, Giga Ethernet..
Hnh 3.3: Mng FTTH theo cng ngh AON

3.3.3. U IM V NHC IM CA MNG AON
u im:
Khong cch phc v ln: c th p ng ln ti 50km.
Bng thng t Switch L2/DSLAM ti khch hng ln n Gbps, khng b chia s , rt

ph hp cho cc kt ni im - im.
Trin khai nhanh do tn dng h tng mng hin c.
Nhc im:
Tn cp v kt ni im im cho tng khch hng (P2P).
Page 31
Gp kh khn khi cp ngun cho cc thit b xa (Switch , DSLAM).
S lng giao din FE/GE trn L2 Switch v DSLAM nh, do cn u t nhiu

thit b vi nhng a im c mt thu bao cao.
Card Ethernet kt ni t DSLAM ti thu bao cn mt s hn ch: Kh nng h tr

multicast v kh nng tng thch vi cc loi CPE.
Page 32
CHNG 4: QU TRNH LP T V BO DNG MNG CP QUANG
CHNG 4:
QU TRNH LP T V BO DNG MNG CP
QUANG
4.1. QU TRNH LP T
4.1.1 NHNG QUY NH CHUNG:
Thi cng xy dng tuyn thng tin cp quang phi tun theo ng n thit k c
ph chun v nhng tiu chun k thut, quy phm, quy chun xy dng, quy trnh thi
cng.
Khi cha c n thit k chnh thc c cp c thm quyn ph chun, nht thit
khng c khi cng xy dng mt cng trnh. Ch u t cn t chc bn giao mt
bng thi cng v tuyn thi cng gia cc bn: ch u t, n v thi cng, v cc n v
khc c lin quan.
n v thi cng khng c t sa i thit k.
Cc vt liu s dng trong cng trnh phi tun th theo tng quy nh trong thit k.
Trng hp cn thay i vt liu khc vi n thit k phi c s ng ca cp c
thm quyn.
Tt c cc loi vt liu trc khi em dng vo cng trnh phi c nghim thu v cht
lng v s lng.
Vt liu, thit b, dng c a ra hin trng thi cng phi c kho bo qun v phn
cng ngi qun l theo ng trnh t quy phm v bo qun vt t.
Phi o kim tra cp trc v sau khi thi cng. Kim tra cc hn mc cn thit khc ca
tuyn cp.
Lc ko cp khng c ln hn khi lng ca 1km cp.
Bn knh cong phi nh hn bn knh cong cho php ca cp (ln hn 20 ln ng knh

cp ).
Page 33
Khi thi cng cn phi c phng n m bo an ton cng trnh, an ton lao ng, ch
bo v ti sn ca nhn dn v ca nh nc ti nhng ni ng cp i qua.
Khi xy dng tuyn mi gn tuyn c ang s dng hoc sa cha, lp t thm cp trn
tuyn ang s dng phi lin h cht ch vi cc c s bu in a phng, chnh
quyn a phng v cc c quan hu quan.
Vic thi cng phi nhanh, gn , m bo an ton giao thng v m bo v sinh mi

trng sinh thi.
Phi nh du tuyn cp, s cp, n v s dng bng cc ct mc, bin bo, c ba b

cp cn c mt bin bo. Ngoi ra cn bo hiu nhng ni cp i hng, qua ng ,
qua cu v qua cc cng trnh khc.
4.2. QUY TRNH LP T CP TREO:
4.2.1. O H:
Trc khi o h phi o li v tr cc mc.
H ct phi ng quy cch thit k.
o h phi li cc mc d kim tra theo di.
Khi o h, t c em ln cn pha ngc vi pha dng ct. t phi cch

xa ming h khong 20 cm. H o trong ngy cn dng ct ngay.
H dy co (h chn trng )phi c o dch ra ngoi ct mc, theo hng ca dy co

(hng ca chn chng) mt khong ty theo su ca mng dy co (mng chn
chng) v ty theo t s L/H ca ct. o thm mt mng xin cng dy co cho tht
thng, lp dy co (lp chn chng ) ng hng chu lc. Trong : L l khong cch
dy chn co, chn chng n chn ct, H l cao ct.
Khi o h cho ct v dy co pha ng ci thng c ngi qua li, trong trng

hp o xong cha kp dng ct , chn dy co hoc chn chng th phi y vn, lm
bo hiu ch dn ngn nga tai nn.
4.2.2. LP T DY CO:
Cng dy co cn m bo ng t s L/H trong thit k.
Page 34
Cng dy co ct gc v ct u cui phi m bo ng ngn ct .
Dy co phi nm trn ng phn gic ca gc hp thnh bi hai pha ca cp theo

chiu ngc vi lc cng ca cp. Cc mi qun buc phi chc chn, gn v p. Dy
co t ngn n gc thng, khng gy gp .
B phn dy co qun vo ct, b phn qun buc bng dy st, b phn dy co t qun,
b phn lp thm vo m dy co u phi sn chng r. B phn dy co chon di t
v b phn tri ln khi mt t 30 cm tr xung phi c bin php chng r.
Khi qun buc dy co nn dng dy st mm qun buc hoc c th dng cch t

qun. Phi m bo k thut mi qun buc.
Trng hp trn ct c hai dy co cng hng th ch ni lin gia thn ca hai dy co

v chn dy co phi dng vng m dy co ring bit.
Khi chn dy co phi o mt rnh xin t y h ln n ch cc mc dy co lm cho

chn dy co ni vi than dy co nm trn mt ng thng, chiu di tri ln khi mt
t nn ly l 20 30 cm.
4.2.3. LP T CP:
Vic m bo an ton trong khi lp t phi c tnh n trc khi lp t cp.

Phi tun th y cng tc chun b lp t cp quang treo:
Dn quang mt bng thi cng.
Lp rng rc trn ct.
Lp t ti ko c trang b cu ch ngt.
Treo dy ko.
Lm u ko.
Ko cp: tc ko phi nh hn 20m/pht.

Cng cp :
Kim x l xon cp.
Page 35
Dng ti iu chnh cng ca dy treo.
iu chnh vng ca cp treo thit k.
Khi kp dy treo dng dng c iu chnh tng dy tr gip kp dy treo.
Mng song cp, cp d tr c treo trc tip vo ct.

Phi lp bin bo hiu ti nhng ch cn thit, ngoi ra c bit ch ni qua ng,
qua cu, qua cc cng trnh khc.
Trong trng hp lp t qua song m ly, a hnh phc tp cp quang c treo
trn dy gia cng chu lc. iu ny i hi phi c h thng rng rc c t trn mi
u ct v dc theo ng dy gia cng treo cp. Ti ko cp c xu qua h thng ny v
ni vi cp. Dng ti c cu ch ko cp ko cp t cun cp qua khong cch gia cc
ct.
4.2.4: CC TRNG HP TREO CP C BIT:

Cp quang treo chung vi ng dy in lc. V khong ct ca in lc di hn
khong ct ca bu in , khi thi cng cp quang trong trng hp phi p dng theo
khong ct di v ct vt . Khi thi cng cp quang cng ng dy in lc phi ch
tnh ton di cun cp ph hp vi khong ct , trnh trng hp phi ni cp
khong gia hai ct , chn cp thi cng theo thit k . Trc khi thi cng phi lin h
cht ch vi c quan qun l ng dy in lc, phi ct in v c bo hiu thi cng
tuyn cp quang , ng k thi gian lm vic hng ngy v khong thi gian thi cng .
i vi cp quang lp t qua cu, cp phi c t trn mng cp hoc trong ng st

bo v. Phi tnh ton sao cho khng c mi ni trn cu. Sau khi lp t xong phi vit
k hiu nh du CAP QUANG.
4.3. QUY TRNH LP T CP CHON TRC TIP:
Vic o rnh cn c thc hin theo quy nh v rnh chon v ph hp vi thit k.
Trc khi t cp phi lt y rnh mt lp ct hoc t vn dy 10cm .
Page 36
Cn phi lm sch rnh cp trc khi lp t, c bit ch khng rc ri , g v

cc thnh phn l thc n ca mi.
Trc khi lp rnh cp ri tip ln trn mt lp ct, pha trn cp 30 cm trong cc trng
hp bnh thng.
Phi t mc bo hiu ti nhng im theo thit k trn tuyn cp , ngoi ra ch t

thm biu bo hiu ti ni c nhiu phng tin i li, qua sng , qua , qua ng.
4.4. QUY TRNH LP T CP TRONG CNG CP:

Chun b dng c ko cp:
Dy ti ko cp: dy ti dng ko cp hoc ng cp ph t trong ng ng chn

sn phi l dy ti ko cp thch hp trnh lm t v ng cp. Ngoi ra dy ti phi
m bo cc yu cu sau :
Mi mt mt phi c nh du xc nh chiu di.
Phi c bn ln hn lc cng c tnh ln nht.
Cc im ni dy ti ko cp v cp phi c khu li tng kh nng lin kt.
Phi c khp xoay gia dy ti ko cp v cp
Rng rc: Rng rc s dng gim ma st phi c ng knh ln hn bn knh cong

cho php ca cp.
Ti ko cp: Ti ko cp chnh phi c trang b cu ch ko cp. Ti ko cp ph c

t ti b cp tr gip ko cho ti ko cp chnh.Ti ko cp ph phi c kch tht
ph hp vi b cp. R ko c an bng kim loi to thnh r li. R ko cp c
gn vi mt khp xoay.
Cc dng c cn thit khc nh : Kch cp , bao ti , phu ..
Lp t h thng cng cp: kt cu cng cp khi thi cng phi c rng v su

ng vi thit k , t o ln gn ming rnh phi m bo khng x xung rnh,
khi o xong phi t ngay ng trnh b l t. Khong cch gia cc ng ,khong
cch lp ng gn y rnh nht phi tun theo thit k.
Page 37
Khi vn chuyn phi ch :

-
Sn xe khng ngn hn chiu di ng.
Khng dng xe Ben t ng.
Khi bc xp phi c hai ngi , mi ngi mt u ng.
Khi lu kho phi ch :

-
Xp ng theo chiu cao khng qu 1,75m.
Gi ng phi thng.
Lp rp ng nha:
Phi chun b y cc dng c lp ng bao gm :

-
Ca tay hoc ko ct ng
Gia
Bt khc kim loi
Xng cng nghip
Nha dn.
Gi lau kh
Ct ng bng ca tay hoc ko ct ng.
Gt sch ba via, gia st mp ngoi.
Lm sch bi du m bng gi kh sch (vi xng cng nghip).
nh du phn ng s lp vo ph tng
Xy dng b cp , h ni :
Page 38
Trc khi thi cng b cp, h ni ti ni c ngi qua li phi cng dy v lp cc

bin bo .Thi cng xy dng b cp, h ni trn cc a hnh khc nhau phi theo thit k
v quy hoch sau:
o h theo su xc nh ty thuc vo su ca b cp, h ni cn xy dng . t

o ln phi vn chuyn i ngay, nu kt cu t cn ng cc th phi ng
cc vi su so vi y b l 1,2 m. Phi mt lp mng gch v, ct trc khi b
tng.
Cc tm b tong phi c c ng kch c va kht vi cc chi tit lp t.
B cp, h ni phi c xy ng quy cch, kch thc theo quy nh v cng b do

nghnh quy nh. H ni cp phi rng cha cp h, phi c ch gi, t bo v
mng sng cp.
Lp t cp:
Cht bi trn phi c cc im u ca ng, tt c cc v tr a cp vo, nhng v

tr ko cp trung gian.
Cc c tnh ca cht bi trn cp quang phi m bo l :

-
Thch ng vi nhit ngoi tri.
Chng chy
H s ma st thp (< 0.25).
Cht lng khng i trong qu trnh lp t.
Khng nh hng n v cp
c kim tra trc khi s dng.
Trc khi lp t tt c cc b cp phi c kim tra m bo rng chng hon ton an

ton v sch s.
Chun b cp, dy ti ko cp, r ko cp, cu ch ko cp, ti ( my ko cp).
Xc nh cc ng cp c s dng cho lp t.
Page 39
Phi m bo cc ng cp u sch s. Nu cn thit phi lm sch ng cp.
Nu trong ng cp c sn cp c, khi cn xc nh chng loi cp v ch s hu

ca tuyn cp ny, phi bo cho ch s hu bit v hot ng lp t cp ang din ra v
phi xc nh cc yu cu an ton cn thit.
Phi gim st khng cp b un cong qu mc khi ko cp qua nhng khc cong.
Phi t tt c cc thit b cn thit v tr thch hp.
Nu cp c t vo trong ng cp ph th phi lp t ng cp ph trc , c th l :

-
nh v ti cho ng cp ph
Gn mt r ko cp c khp xoay vo bn trong v gn dy ti ko cp vo r ko

cp.
Phi m bo tt c cc ti v rng rc s dng tt.
Trong qu trnh thao tc phi ch khng cho qun o, tay chn hay mt vt no
khc vng vo b phn chuyn ng ca ti .Tt c mi ngi trong nhm thc hin
cng vic phi c lin lc lin tc vi nhau bng cc thit b thng tin.
t ng ph bn trong ng cp chnh trc khi ko cp.
Khi ko ng cp ph phi s dng cp bi trn trong trng hp cn thit. S dng

cc on ng c di ph hp trong trng hp cn thit. S dng cc on ng c
di ph hp trong trng hp cn thit v sau ni nhng on ny vi nhau
bng cc b ni ng cp. Cc dy ti ko cp cng c th c ni tng t.
nhng ni khng c kh nng ko bng tayth ta c th dng ti ko cc ng cp

ph, nhng phi m bo an ton.
Ton b chiu di ca ng cp ph v dy ti ko cp c ni vi nhau to ra mt

chiu di lin tc cho vic ko cp.
Phi cho ng cp ph d ra mt on m bo s co dn ca ng.
Phi gn r ko cp v khp xoay mt cch thch hp vo vi cp. Phi m bo r cp

v khp xoay c th lp t d dng vo tt c cc loi ng chnh v ph.
Page 40
Khng s dng vi dt thay cho si ko cp.
Ni dy ti ko cp v khp xoay phi m bo chn chn.
Hiu chnh rng rc v trc ti cho ph hp.
Cho cht bi trn vo u ng dn cp v vo tt c cc v tr yu cu c cht bi trn.
Nu qu kh khn khi ko cp bng tay c th chuyn sang ko cp bng ti nhng vi

tc chm, phi trnh git cc khi ko cp, phi lun lun gi lc cng ca cp di lc
cng ti a cho php. Khi ti cp ra khi ti phi m bo cp khng b xon.
Quay cun ti bng tay duy tr chng gia cun ti v ng dn cp.
Trong qu trnh ko cp nu cu ch b t th phi kim tra tt nghn trn tuyn cp v c

bin php x l kp thi, c th l:
-
Kim tra cc on cong m bo l khng b tt nghn, gp khc qu ln,cc rng

rc hot ng trn u.
Phi m bo ti cp trn.
Phi a cht bi trn vo trc mi ch un.
Lm ngn tuyn cp cn ko .chuyn v tr ko ti v tr im gia ca tuyn v bt

u ko li.ko ra khi b cp .S dng cch cun cp hnh s tm nm ngang
gim xon ca cp.
Chn v tr bt u ko cp thch hp v ko cp qua phn cn li ca tuyn cp.
C th s dng mt ti ko cp th hai v tr trung gian h tr cho vic ko cp.
Cn phi ko cp c th cun khong t mt n hai ba vng xung quang ti.
Lp thm cc rng rc b cp trung gian nu cn thit.
Phi m bo lin lc gia cc nhm ko ti.
Phi m bo cp d trn trc ti khi ko cp vo trong b cp t nht l 3m.
Page 41
Cun ti trung gian cn phi ko cp ng thi vi cun ti chnh trong khi vn duy
tr c vng cn thit.
Khi cp chuyn hng th thc hin xp gt cp hnh s tm nm ngang.
Phn cp qua b phi lun ng nha PVC hoc ng cao su bo v cp. Cp qua b
khng c mi ni th khng cn d.
Sau khi lp t cp xong phi dng my o kim tra si m bo rng cp khng b h

hi trong qu trnh ko.
4.5. QUY TRNH LP T CP TRONG HM CP:

Trong hm cp c sn cp c th phi xc nh chng loi v ch s hu ca tuyn cp
ny , phi bo cho ch s hu bit v hot ng lp t cp ang din ra v phi xc nh
yu cu an ton cn thit . Ti nhng hm ln khi thi cng lp t phi c bin php cnh
gii v ng k gi lm vic m bo an ton cn thit.
Phi t tt c cc thit b phc v lp t v tr ph hp.
Gim st cht ch vic ko cp ti cc on cong, phi m bo l cp khng b nghn,

khng b un cong qu bn knh cong ch nh nht cho php ca cp, cp khng b xon,
cc rng rc hot ng trn u. Nu b tt nghn th thc hin: Lm ngn tuyn cp cn
ko, chuyn v tr ko ti im gia ca tuyn v bt u ko li.
4.6. QUY TRNH LP T CP TRONG NH:

4.6.1 YU CU K THUT :
Cp quang t trong nh phi c t trong ng, cc h thng cu cp...
Trc khi lp t, tt c cc im un phi m bo nhn trn.
Nu cp khc t chng ln cp quang th phi dng thm ng bo v cp.
Khi lp t cp dng thng ng phi m bo trng lng ca cp khng c vt qu

ti cng ln nht ca cp khi lp t.
Cp i thng ng c kp ph tr ti cc im trung gian gim ti ko cng ca cp.

Lc cng ca cp phi m bo nh hn trng lng 1 km cp.
Page 42
Khng c cp bin dng, bp trong bt c on no. Kp gi cp phi thng, nhn

trnh nh hng n cp. Dy nhy cp cn c lun trong ng nha mm ti nhng
v tr cn thit.
Nu khng dng kp cp th c th s dng b treo cp ti cui cp v on trung gian

dc theo phng i ln treo cp. B treo cp phi khng c lm bin dng cp. Ti
ch treo cp c th tht cht cp trnh trng hp cp b trt ra ngoi. Trng hp c
b treo cp c gn ln x , tng th phi m bo chc chn rng un cong ca cp
khng vt qu quy nh.
Tuyn cp nm ngang c treo ln trn nh, ng dn cp, cu cp u phi c dn ch

CAP QUANG.
4.6.2. LP T CP:
Cp i trong nh lun c lp bng tay. Khi cp quang i cng vi loi cp khc hoc
kh ko th cn phi c bi trn.
Kim tra tt c cc hp x l cp, cc ng cha cp , cc cu cp..vv. m bo v tha

mn yu cu k thut i vi cp v khng c yu cu tr ngi trong qu trnh thi cng.
Phi m bo bn knh cong ca cp ln hn bn knh cong cho php ti tt c cc im.
Phi cun cp trn sn trnh xon cp .
Phi c d tr cp ti hp x l cp.
4.7. HOT NG QUN L BO DNG H THNG FTTH
tha mn nhu cu ca khch hng v p ng dch v cht lng cao. Mng FTTH
phi trin khai th tc hot ng qun l v bo dng ng tin cy. Th tc ny h tr vic

tnh cc, bo mt, bo dng, cung cp v gim st hiu sut mng . N c th thc hin
vic s dng cc chun hay dng c phn mm h thng h tr hot ng m rng trong h
thng qun l mng. C nhiu chng trnh h tr hot ng c th cp quyn thng qua trnh
duyt web v vic chn la cc ng dng rng ri, n cho php qun l mng cu hnh v
iu khin hng tram phn t trong . Vic cung cp phn phi cc mc dch v cung cp v
cu hnh khc nhau cho cc loi dch v thoi, d liu v video cho khch hng. Nh iu
hnh mng cng nh c ch t ng cn xc nh nu thit b ti u cui khch hng c th
cung cp cc dch v c yu cu .V d nh vic cung cp xc nh cc ONU c kh nng
Page 43
iu khin tc d liu ca mnh d c kh nng kt hp vi kim tra hay khng th n

cng h tr hot ng t xa.iu ny th quan trng i vi nh cung cp dch v, vic qun
l cc vn t xa c th ngn nga cc dch v chi ph t . Chc nng bo dng hay
qun l li trnh cc li tim n v s gim st trong mng FTTH . Nu li xy ra, tin
trnh bo dng cn xc nh v lm r cng nhanh cng tt tha mn nhu cu khch
hng. Kh nng kt hp vi kim tra thay i thng tin trng thi gia ONU v OLT bao
gm chc nng loop-back iu khin t xa pht hin li trn mch hay cp, thng k li
ONU v thot khi ngun trong trng hp c s c ti ONU. Vic bo co ny ch th mi
th hot ng tt hay chng c th c dng xc nh nguyn nhn tc li bit cao.
Page 44
CHNG 5: PHN TCH S C THNG GP TRN MNG FTTH
CHNG 5:
PHN TCH S C THNG GP TRN MNG
FTTH.
5.1 Phn loi s c
C rt nhiu nguyn nhn dn n khch hng khng truy nhp c vo mng
Internet. xc nh nguyn nhn, mc nh hng ca s c, phn cp v tm ra hng
khc ph s c mt cch nhanh chng ngi ta thng phn chia cc s c theo hng sau:
S c pha nh cung cp dch v.

S c lin quan n truyn dn t ISP n khch hng.
Cc s c pha khch hng.
5.1.1 Cc s c, cc li t pha nh cung cp dch v (ISP):
y thng l cc s c c tnh cht nghim trng, nh hng n mt lng khch
hng trong mt phm v a l nht nh. Vic xc nh v x l s c thng mt rt nhiu

thi gian v phi do nhng k s, chuyn gia tin hc gii, c kinh nghim mi thc hin
c. C th lit k mt s s c nh sau:
Li cu hnh, treo cng, treo thit b router, switch, Metro switch, OLT, BRAS
S c ngun in, t cp ng trc hoc cp quc t.
Li h thng my ch cung cp dch v v qun l mng FTTx.
Li ci t sai cc thng s VLAN, profile tc upload, download.
Vi rt xm nhp h thng.
5.1.2. Cc s c lin quan n truyn dn ISP n nh khch hng.
Cc s c ny thng lin quan n:
t cp quang t tng i n khch hng.

Khong cp ko cp gia ISP v khch hng xa hn gii hn cho php gy ra suy hao
tn hiu.
Cht lng cp quang khng tt do c nhiu mi hn, cc mi hng km cht lng,
suy hao cao, khong cc qu xa, c nhiu im un cong vt mc cho php hoc b
gp.
Cht lng dy nhy quang, dy pigtal, cc u adapter khng t tiu chun.
5.1.3. Cc s c pha nh khch hng.
Nhn chung, tt c cc nguyn nhn d c ngun gc t u th khch hng - ngi
s dng dch v lun l nn nhn do tnh trng s dng dch v ca khch hng b gin on.
Vic khc phc s c mt cch nhanh chng v tin cy s l mt yu t nng cao uy tnh dch
Page 45
v i vi khch hng, ng thi cng l yu t quyt nh mang li doanh thu v gi c

th phn trong giai on hin nay.
Thng thng, cc s c pha khch hng cng c phn loi nh sau:
Hng my tnh, thit b HUB, Access Point, Switch, Router, Converter, ngun in
cung cp cho h thng thit b truy nhp FTTH khng t tiu chun cho php.
Li h iu hnh, trnh duyt web, th in t, spam th, firewall, virus, mng chm,
mng chp chn.

Khch hng khng bit cch s dng cc dch v Internet
Ci t, cu hnh sai cc thit b nh Hub, switch, Modem.
u ni sai, hng cc thit b nh my tnh, hub, switch, Modem, converter, cp
mng.
5.2. Phn on v x l s c pha nh khch hng cng ngh AON.
5.2.1 Kim tra converter.
Mt converter quang in thng c cc n bo hiu nh sau:
Hnh 5.1: Media Converter TP-LINKS
n PWR:
n led 100:
LK/ACT bn tri:
LK/ACT bn phi:
FDX/COL bn tri:
FDX/COL bn phi:
Ch th cp ngun.
Ch th cp mng chun 100Mbps.
Ch kt ni cng Ethernet ang hot ng.
Ch th kt ni giao din quang ang hot ng.
Ch th kt ni Ethernet.
Ch th kt ni quang.
Trng thi 1: n ch th kt ni Fast Ethernet (n LK/ACT v n FDX/COL bn tri)

khng sng.
Nguyn nhn:
Do giao din Fast Ethernet t converter n mng LAN khch hng c li.
Page 46
Hng khc phc:

Kim tra dy cp mng, u RJ45, dy cp xon UTP.
Kim tra u tip xc ti cng Fast Ethernet xem c b oxy ha khng.
Kim tra cu hnh Interface giao tip trn router, hay NAT server xem c b shutdown
hay khng
Trng thi 2: n ch th kt ni quang (n LK/ACT v n FDX/COL bn phi)

khng sng.
Nguyn nhn:
Trn cng RX ca converter khng thu c tn hiu quang. iu ny thng do t
cp quang, li cng quang trn converter u khch hng, li cng quan trn thit b
metro u nh cung cp dch v.

Hng khc phc:
Kim tra tip xc ti cng quang: dng 1 si quang u ni gia cng TX v RX
(loop vng) nu n hin th quang sng y th giao din quang tt, cong khng
sng th do giao din b hng hoc b bn.

Kim tra dy nhy quang t converter ln phin ODF c b gy gp, t
Kim tra tuyn truyn dn quang t ODF khch hng n nh cung cp dch v.
Trng thi 3: C dn ch th kt ni Fast Ethernet (n LK/ACT v n FDX/COL bn tri)

khng sng v n ch th kt ni quang (n LK/ACT v n FDX/COL bn phi) cng tt.
Nguyn nhn:
Do trn c cng quang v cng Fast Ethernet ca converter u khng nhn c tn
hiu, ta phi kim tra ln lt theo hai trng hp u khc ph trng hp ny.
Ngoi ra vi mt s loi converter cao p nh AMP, c mt s switch gt cu
hnh converter chuyn tip thng bo li t giao din ng sang giao din quang v
ngc li. V d Khi c li trn giao din ng, n ch th LK/ACK v n
FDX/COL ct bn tri tt. Hin tng ny s c bo co sang cho giao din quang
lm cho n ch th kt ni quang (n LK/ACT v n FDX/COL bn phi) cng tt.
Hng khc phc:

Kim tra kt ni ca converter bng cch gt li cc DIP switch trong converter n
khng truyn thng tin t giao din ng sang giao din quang v ngc li.
Trng thi 4: Khng c n no sng
Nguyn nhn:
Do ngun in khng vo c converter.
Hng khc phc:
Kim tra ngun in, ngun in b li hay converter b hng ngun.
Page 47
5.2.2 Kim tra dy nhy quang v ODF.

Dy nhy quang l s quang ni t converter quang u khch hng n ODF ca
trung tm vin thng, thng c t trong pha khch hng.
Khi FDX trn converter khng sng chng t converter quang khng nhn c tn
hiu quang t u xa pht li v s quang c th b t u t converter quang pha khch
hng n thit b quang t tng i. Ta c th kim tra dy nhy quang bng cch cm 1
suy hoa khong 5db v loop s quang ny trn giao din ca mt converter O/E ang hot
ng tt. Nu n quang FDX sng chng t dy nhy quang tt, nu n FDX khng sng
chng t dy nhy quang t u do nhng nguyn nhn sau:
B gp qu nhiu
Nguyn nhn khch quang lm dy nhy b t hoc suy hoa qu ln.
Ngoi trng hp dy nhy quang b li, ta cng c th kim tra thm mt thit b na
l hp ODF u khch hng bng cch dng mt si quang tt loop li u tng i kim
tra xem c nhn c loop khng.
5.2.3 Cc li lin quan n my tnh khch hng.
Li 1: Ping c ra internet nhng khng vo mng c.
o Kim tra xem my c t Proxy Server hay khng.
o My b nhim virus lm li file winnsock v winsock32 ta dng phn mm
dit virus.
Li 2: Biu tng LAN b nh cho .
o Cp mng b t hoc RJ b li.
o Li card mng my tnh.
o Li card mng trn modem quang, converter quang.
Li 3: Internet explorer cannot display the webpage.
o t DNS ng trn my tnh hoc modem.
5.2.4. Li si quang t u khch hng n trm cui.
Li thng gp nht l li s quang t u khch hng n trm cui. Nhng li ny
bao gm t si quang, si quang suy hao qu ln dn n ng truyn suy gim cht
lng. khc phc s c ny ta thng phi c my o quang o pht hin im dt hay
suy hoa ln v n thc hin hn li.
Hin tng ph bin v nh hng n cht lng ng truyn quang nhiu nht
l cc hin tng suy hao. Khi nh sng trong si quang i qua cc vng vt cht khng ng
nht v d nh cc mi ni hn hoc i qua cc ch si quan b gp, hin tng suy hao s
xy ra lm gim cng sut ca tn hiu i trong si quang. Ngoi ra khi tn hiu i trong si
Page 48
quang cng b suy hao tuyn tnh. Ngi ta o kim v a ra cc suy hoa cho php ca
si quang nh sau:
-
Suy hao tuyn tnh:

Suy hao 0.2dB/km cho si quang SM ti bc sng 1550nm.
Suy hao 0.35dB/km cho si quang SM ti bc sng 1310nm.
Suy hao 1dB/km cho si quang MM ti bc sng 1300nm.
Suy hao 3dB/km cho si quang MM ti bc sng 850nm.
Suy hao ti mi hn:
Suy hao 0.05 cho 1 mi hn h quang.
Suy hao cho 1 mi hn c kh.
Suy hao ti cp kt ni Connector:
Suy hao 0.2 0.5dB cho 1 cp ghp ni connector.
Suy hao 3.5dB cho 1 n 2 b chia quang (3dB chia quang v thm suy hao
0.5dB).
5.2.5 Phn on v x l s c pha nh khch hng cng ngh PON
Pht hin v x l li trong mng cp quang th ng PON a im phc tp hn
mng cp quang ch ng AON im ni tip. Do vic x l li trong mng PON theo

hng trc tip hoc gin tip.
Mng FTTx kt ni im im: khi c li xy ra, mng s ngng hot ng tc th, d
dng x l kt ni cp quang. nh hng n 01 thu bao.
Mng FTTx kt ni 01 im ni a im: d li v x l, s dng sng quang phn
x OTDR vi nhiu loi bc sng nh 1310nm hay 1550 nm, nhn bit tn hiu truyn no
b ngng hot ng v kh nng nh hng n mt hoc nhiu thu bao. Cu trc FTTH
(PON) kt ni mt im ni a im.
Vic pht hin v x l li trong mng cp quang FTTH im ni a im gi tt l
PON c quy nh bi cc tiu chun cho mng truy nhp quang trong cu trc PON, t
chc ITU-T c khuyn ngh G.982, G.983 hoc G.984 v IEEE c tiu chun 802.3ah hoc
802.3av.
Page 49
CHNG 6: THIT LP CU HNH THIT B U CUI FTTH TI U KHCH HNG
CHNG 6
THIT LP CU HNH THIT B U CUI FTTH TI U
KHCH HNG
Trong mng truy cp quang FTTx c nhiu loi thit b u cui quang c a vo s
dng.Trong mch AON c cc loi modem nh Vigor 2930; Vigor 2920FV; Totolinks F1;
Yestelecom Trong mng quang th ng GPON c cc loi modem nh: Huawei HG8045A;
Huawei 8240;
Hnh 6.1: Modem Totolink F1

6.1. Cu hnh modem Totolink F1 cho cng ngh AON.
6.1.1. Gii thiu chung:
TOTOLINK l thng hiu ca Iptime Hn Quc v l mt trong nhng thng hiu
hng u ti Hn Quc trong nhiu nm lin. TOTOLINK F1 l Router quang trc tip h tr a
dch v (Multi-Vlan) c IPTIME nghin cu v pht trin ring cho th trng Vit Nam da
trn nhng tnh nng v s n nh ca DrayTek Vigor. V vy c th ni rng TOTOLINK F1
Page 50
tha hng hu ht cc tnh nng v s n nh t DrayTek Vigor m khch hng tin tng v
s dng lu nay.
6.1.2. Thng s k thut :
Hnh 6.2. Bng tnh nng thit b Modem TOLINK-F1
- Bng thng thc t 95Mbps (Download/Upload)

- 15.000 Sessions (NAT) cho khong 35 my tnh hot ng n nh.
- WIFI chun N ln n 150Mbps / Bng thng thc 95Mbps khong cch 3m
- H tr thit lp cng lc 3 im truy cp khng dy (3 SSID) cho nhn vin v khch vi cc
chnh sch qun l v mt khu khc nhau.
- H tr WDS, Bridge, Repeater,..m rng vng ph sng. t bit chc nng thu sng pht
li ca bt k ngun pht WIFI no.
- H tr 32 thit b WIFI kt ni cng lc
- H tr trin khai IPTV khng dy vi Multi-VLAN (IEEE 802.1q)
Page 51
- Chc nng qun l bng thng hiu qu gip h thng lun n nh

- H tr chy ng thi nhiu dch v nh:
Internet + 3 dch v IPTV; Ln lt bridge qua port LAN 2,3,4.
- Lp chnh sch qun l ngi s dng (Firewall) theo IP, MAC.
6.1.3 Cu hnh xc thc:
Nh cc modem / router khc, IP v user/pass mc nh l:
192.168.1.1
admin/admin
Ci hay ca dng TOTOLINK F1 ny l bn ch cn mt thao tc duy nht trn mt page duy
nht l c th cu hnh c tt c:
- Internet (nhp user/pass ca ng truyn).
- i IP mng LAN, nu khng mun s dng lp mng 192.168.1.x.
- VLAN ID: Nu c s dng IPTV.
- Cu hnh WIFI: t tn SSID, m ha, password.
- Thi gian cho modem.
Hnh 6.3: Cng c cu hnh nhanh ca Modem

Page 52
H tr 3 SSID cho php thit lp 3 mng WIFI ring bit:

+ SSID 1: Dnh cho nhn vin CTY.
+ SSID 2: Dnh cho pht IPTV khng dy.
+ SSID 3: Dnh cho khch (WAN only) ch truy cp internet, khng vo c mng LAN.
Hnh 6.4: Thit lp kt ni a im Multiple Access Point
V tng s n nh cng nh bo mt, TOTOLINK F1 cn cho php bn gii hn s

lng client kt ni n mi SSID.
Hnh 6.5: Thit lp s lng kt ni ti a qua WIFI.

Page 53
H tr c tnh nng cao cp l IP Alias gip bn trin khai nhiu IP tnh hn cho cc dch v
Mail, Web khi bn c ng k vi ISP.
Hnh 6.6. Thit lp IP tnh.
Trang cu hnh VLAN vi option "Triple-Play" gip cho nhng ai khng rnh v k thut
vn c th d dnh s dng. TOTOLINK F1 cn cho php bn map vlan ca IPTV qua mt SSID
trin khai IPTV khng dy d dng.
Page 54
Hnh 6.7. Thit lp cu hnh VLAN
Phn firewall/filter ca TOTOLINK F1 tuy khng mnh v chi tit nh DrayTek nhng cng kh
y cho cc nhu cu thng thng.
Hnh 6.8: Thit lp b lc IP/MAC/URL
Page 55
Chc nng QoS v gii hn bng thng kh chi tit khi cho php qun l theo nhiu i tng:
IP, MAC, IP+MAC, dy IP, subnet.
Hnh 6.9: Thit lp chc nng QoS.
Khng phi ai cng c kinh ph thu IP tnh v hin ti DynDND khng cn min ph,
TOTOLINK F1 v th h tr c NO-IP nh l mt la chn min ph cho khch hng khi cn.
Ch mt khong 30s cp nht nu c s thay i.
Hnh 6.10: Thit lp DNS tnh

Page 56
V Wireless TOTOLINK F1 h tr rt y :
Rt nhiu option cho php bin TOTOLINK F1 thnh: Repeater, Wireless client (Bridge), WISP
(Modem vi cng WAN l giao tip WIFI / IPS khng ko dy n nh bn m ph sng WIFI).
H tr tt c m ha hin nay v c 802.1x (Chng thc qua Radius).
Hnh 6.11. Thit lp cu hnh WIFI
6.2 Cu hnh thit b modem HG8045A(Sotfware version V3R013C10S108) PON

Bt trnh duyt wed ng nhp vo 192.168.100.1
Page 57
ng nhp bng
Account: telecomadmin
Password: admintelecom
Vo mc System Tools > ONT
Authentication
H thng Huawei GPON ca VNPT TP.HCM hin ti ang s dng kiu xc thc ONT
bng Passwod, do vy cn cu hnh nh sau:
Athentication Mode: Password
Password Mode: ASCII String
Password: Customer ID (Mi thu bao s c mt Customer ID ring)
SN : mc nh
6.2.1 Cu hnh dch v Internet:

6.2.1.1 Cu hnh PPPoE:
Bc 1: Cu hnh Working mode cho cng LAN
Lu : Vi dch v Internet, Cng LAN cn phi ci t Layer-3 Mode (Route mode)
Page 58
Vi dch v IPTV,cng LAN cn phi ci t Layer-2 Mode ( Bridge mode)

V d ta dng LAN 1,LAN 2,LAN 3,LAN 4 v SSID1 cho dch v INTERNET
Vo mc LAN>LAN Port Work Mode tch chn LAN 1,LAN 2,LAN 3 ,LAN 4
V 4 LAN ny lm vic Layer 3 mode
Sau nhn Apply:

Bc 2 : Cu hnh WAN port
Vo mc WAN>WAN Configuration
Nhn NEW: Sau nhn ci t cc thng s sau
Enable WAN: Enable
Encapsulation mode: PPPoe
WAN mode: Route WAN
Service type : INTERNET
Enable VLAN : Enable
VLAN ID : 10 (VLAN trn ONT phi ging vi user-side VLAN ID khai bo trn OLT)
802.1p : 0
Username : username , Password : password (Username v Password phi ging nh c
khai bo trn VISA )
Binding options : LAN1, LAN2, LAN3, LAN4, SSID1 (Wifi truy cp Internet)
IP Acquisition Mode : PPPoE
NAT : Enable (NAT phi c kch hot khi cu hnh dch v Internet
Page 59
Bc 3 Kim tra trng thi kt ni

Vo Status > WAN Information ca s bn phi, Status l Connected v a ch
IP nhn c s hin th ti ct IP Address.
6.2.1.2 Cu hnh Wifi kt ni Internet

Bc 1: Cu hnh Wifi
Vo mc Wifi > Wifi Basic Configuration
Enable WLAN m tnh nng Wifi.
Sau nhp vo cc thng s ci t quan trng sau :
Page 60
- SSID NAME: TEN_WIFI (c th t tn ty )

- Enable SSID: Enable
- Broadcast SSID: Enable
- WMM Enable: Enable
- Authentication Mode: WPA Pre-shared Key (c th chn mt ch thch hp no )
- Encryption Mode: TKIP&AES (c th chn mt ch thch hp no )
- WPA PreSharedKey: PASSWORD_WIFI (c th t tn ty )
Cc thng s khc c th mc nh
Nhn Apply
Bc 2: Lu cu hnh
Vo mc System Tool > Configuration File . ca s bn phi nhn Save
Configuration.
Page 61
6.2.2 Cu hnh dch v IPTV

i vi dch v IPTV, khng cn cu hnh ti ONT.
Ch cn cu hnh Working Mode cho LAN port l Layer 2 :
Gi s dng port LAN4 cho dch v IPTV
Vo mc LAN > LAN Port Work Mode, b chn LAN4 LAN 4 lm vic Layer 2 mode
6.2.3 Cu hnh cc dch v s dng tnh nng port-forwarding (ng dng cho IP
camera v VPN Passthouqh)
Yu cu: ONT kt ni thnh cng dch v Internet
Cc thit b s dng nh Camera (hoc DVR), VPN Server phi kt ni vo cng LAN m c th
ra Internet.
6.2.3.1 Camera Surveilance (over Internet):
A. Cu hnh Port Mapping :
Port s dng: 8080
a ch IP ca Camera (hoc a ch IP ca u ghi DVR) : 192.168.100.10
Vo mc Forward Rules > Port Mapping Configuration.
Type: Custom
WAN name : 1_INTERNET_R_VID_10 (Kt ni WAN ca dch v Internet)
Protocol: TCP/UDP
External start port: 8080
External end port: 8080
Internal start port: 8080
Internal end port: 8080
Mapping name: CAMERA (t tn ty )
Internal host: 192.168.100.10 (a ch IP ca Camera hoc DVR)
Enable port mapping: Enable
Page 62
Nhn Apply
B. Cu hnh tn min ng DDNS (Nu khch hng c s dng)
Vo mc: Network Application > DDNS Configuration.
Chn New, nhp vo cc thng s sau :
Enable DDNS: Enable
WAN Name: 1_INTERNET_R_VID_10 (Kt ni WAN ca dch v Internet)
Service Provider: dyndns
Hostname: members.dyndns.org
Service Port: 80
Domain Name: tn_min_ca_khch_hng
User Name: tn ti khon truy cp dch v dyndns ca khch hng
Password: Mt khu truy cp ti khon dch v dyndns ca khch hng
Page 63
Nhn Apply
6.2.3.2 VPN Passthrough
Port s dng: 1723
a ch IP ca VPN Server: 192.168.100.100
Vo mc: Forward Rules > Port Mapping Configuration.
Type: Custom
WAN name: 1_INTERNET_R_VID_10 (Kt ni WAN ca dch v Internet)
Protocol: TCP/UDP
External start port: 1723
External end port: 1723
Internal start port: 1723
Internal end port: 1723
Mapping name: VPN Passthrough (t tn ty )
Internal host: 192.168.100.100 (a ch IP ca VPN Server)
Enable port mapping: Enable
Page 64
Nhn Apply
6.2.4 (Cu hnh dch v L3VPN (MegaWan,)
Bc 1: Cu hnh Working mode cho cng LAN
Gi s dng port LAN2 cho dch v L3VPN
Vo mc: LAN > LAN Port Work Mode. Tch chn LAN2, LAN 2 lm vic
Layer 3 mode
Nhn Apply
Bc 2: Cu hnh WAN port
Vo mc WAN > WAN Configuration
Nhn NEW. Cu hnh cc thng s nh sau :
Enable WAN: Enable
Encapsulation Mode: IpoE
WAN Mode: Route WAN
Service type: OTHER
Enable VLAN: Enable
Page 65
VLAN ID: 102 (VLAN trn ONT phi ging vi user-side VLAN ID khai bo
trn OLT)
802.1p: 0
Binding options: LAN2
NAT: Disable
IP acquisistion mode: Static
IP address: Nhp a ch IP WAN cho dch v VPNL3
Subnet mask: Nhp a ch mask
Default gateway: Nhp a ch gateway
Thc hin tng t trn c 2 side khch hng. Vi VLANID v IP address thay i
Side 1 (VLANID 102):
Side 2 (VLAN ID 103)
Page 66
Nhn Apply
Cu hnh Route cho mng LAN ti 2 side, vi mng LAN nh sau
Side
Di a ch IP Subnet Mask
Side 1
192.168.100.0
255.255.255.0
Side 2
192.168.200.0
255.255.255.0
Ti Side 1: Vo mc Route > Static Route Configuration
IP Address: 192.168.200.0 (L a ch IP ca mng LAN ti side 2)
Submask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.102.1 (L a ch gateway ca WAN c xc nh theo cu
hnh trn BRAS)
WAN name: 3_OTHER_R_VID_102 (L WAN Connection cho dch v VPNL3
c cu hnh bc 1)
Page 67
Nhn Apply
Ti Side 2: Vo mc Route > Static Route Configuration

IP Address: 192.168.100.0 (L a ch IP ca mng LAN ti side 1)
Submask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.103.1 (L a ch gateway ca WAN c xc nh theo cu
hnh trn BRAS)
WAN name: 3_OTHER_R_VID_103 (L WAN Connection cho dch v VPNL3
c cu hnh bc 1)
Nhn Apply
Bc 4: Lu cu hnh
Vo mc System Tool > Configuration File. ca s bn phi nhn Save
Configuration
Page 68
Bc 5: Kim tra trng thi kt ni

Vo mc: Status > WAN Information. ca s bn phi, Connection Status l
Connected v a ch IP ci t s hin th ti ct IP Address.
6.2.5 Cu hnh dch v L2VPN (Metronet,vv.)

i vi dch v L2VPN, khng cn cu hnh ti ONT. ONT hot ng ch
Bridge, VPN kt cui ti thit b ca khch hng. Ch cn cu hnh Working Mode cho
LAN port l Layer 2, gi s dng port LAN 2 cho dch v VPNL2:
Vo mc LAN > LAN Port Work Mode, b chn LAN2 LAN 2 lm vic Layer 2
mode
Ti Side 1 v Side 2 s kt ni Router (hoc PC) v port LAN2. t a ch IP ca 2

side sao cho cng lp mng. Khi mng LAN 2 side s kt ni c vi nha
Page 69
KT LUN
KT LUN
VNPT l nh cung cp dch v vin thng hng u ti Vit Nam ,VNPT lun l ngi i
u trong vic trin khai cc dch v mi tin ch bng vic n u cc dch v mi bng vic
n u cc cng ngh mi, hin i. Hin nay, VNPT ang gp rt trin khai nng cp ton
mng ln NGN nhm cung cp y cc dch v cho khch hng trn nn tng mng thng
nht. Xy dng mng truy cp quang FTTx ni chung v FTTH ni ring l mt trong nhng
phn quan trng trong k hoch , cng ngh GPON l la chn hng u. Vi nh hng ca
VNPT , Vin Thng TPHCM thc hin la chn gii php cung cp dch v , xy dng cu
trc mng GPON trn c s h thng mng bng rng hin ti v k hoch pht trin n nm
2020 , da trn vic phn tch , d bo nhu cu s dng dch v ca khch hng trn a bn TP
HCM.
Mng truy cp quang th ng GPON l hin ang l gii php hiu qu cho nhng mc
k hoch pht trin mng cp quang ca VNPT. Th nht khng phi thay i cu hnh hoc xy
lp mi tuyn cp quang, ch cn t b chia ti im tp trung cp; th hai , gim c chi ph
nh s chia s mi trng truyn dn gia nhng ngi s dng; th ba ph hp vi mi loi
hnh chuyn giao thng tin nh bng thng rng ca si quang. Vi phng thc chuyn giao
thng tin mm do linh hot hiu qu s dng bng tn si quang s tng ng k, y cng l
mt yu t lm gim chi ph. Cng ngh GPON ra i chnh l nhm mc ch kt hp cc im
mnh ca truyn ti TDM kt hp vi c s h tng l mng cp si quang chi ph thp, kt ni
im a im , h tr c dch v TDM v Ethernet. y l cng ngh ha hn s gii quyt c
cc vn tt nghn bng thng , cho php xy dng mng truy cp ni ht nh l mt mng s
ha v bng rng c tnh tng tc cao. S dng k thut TDMA kt hp vi cc phng thc
nh c v phn nh bng tn ng l mt trong nhng im ni bt ca cng ngh GPON gip
gii quyt vn bng thng , tc nghn trong truyn ti tc cao.
K t khi ra i FTTH (Fiber To The Home) thc s to ra mt cuc cch mng trong
lnh vc vin thng. Theo thng k, s thu bao Internet cp quang c mc tng trng mnh,
t 195.059 nm 2012 ln 280.127 nm 2013, tng 43,61% (theo Sch Trng CNTT-TT 2014), v
con s nm 2014 c d on cn cao hn rt nhiu. Tuy nhin vi tc tng trng cao( Top
10 cc nc chu c tc tng trng ngi dng Internet nhanh nht, xp th 3 ng Nam
, th 7 chu v th 18 trn th gii v s lng ngi dng), cc nh cung cp dch v cn
trin khai thm nhiu phng n quy hoch, trin khai h thng cp quang n nhiu vng min
khc trn c nc, ng thi ti u ha cc phng n k thut vn hnh, nng cp, bo dng,
ng cu h thng cp quang nhm khng ngng nng cao cht lng dch v, gim chi ph gi
thnh p ng cho nhu cu tip cn Internet tc cao ca ngi dn.
Page 70

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LI NI U

TRNG I HC QUC T - HQG TPHCM

SINH VIN THC HIN

Sinh vin: Hunh Cng Phc

: HUNH CNG PHC

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H v tn sinh vin: HUNH CNG PHC

Gim c Trung Tm Vin Thng Tn Bnh

Sinh vin: Hunh Cng Phc

Phan Nam Bnh, 2001. Thc Hnh Lp t Cp Quang. Tng cc bu in Nh

Tng cc Bu in, 2002. Cng Trnh Ngoi Vi Nh xut bn Bu in.

CHC NNG, NHIM V.........................................................................................2

1.2.1. Trung tm vin thng...............................................................................................2

2.1. CU TRC MNG FTTx............................................................................................11

CC PHNG N TRIN KHAI MNG TRUY NHP FTTH...........................24

3.2.1. CNG NGH MNG PON( PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK)........................24

3.2.1.1 GII THIU....................................................................................................24

4.1. QU TRNH LP T...............................................................................................30

5.1 Phn loi s c...............................................................................................................40

6.1.Cu hnh modem Totolink F1.........................................................................................46

- Active Optical Network

- Bit Error Rate

- Frequency Shift Keying

- Gigabit Passive Optical Network

- Integrated Service Digital Network

- Local Area Network

- Metropolitan Area Network

- Optical Line Terminal

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- Wide Area Network

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S t chc Trung Tm Vin Thng

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Sinh vin: Hunh Cng Phc

CHNG 1: GII THIU V TRUNG TM VIN THNG TN BNH

trnh, quy nh hin hnh.

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Sinh vin: Hunh Cng Phc

CHNG 1: GII THIU V TRUNG TM VIN THNG TN BNH

sn, cng c, dng c theo ng quy nh.

1.2.2. Phng Tng Hp

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c nhn c lin quan.

th thc v th tc trong vic ban hnh cc vn bn ca Trung Tm.

Sinh vin: Hunh Cng Phc

CHNG 1: GII THIU V TRUNG TM VIN THNG TN BNH

Qun l, theo di cc cng trnh xy dng, sa cha nh, khang trang mt

ni quy bo v ti sn, bo v an ton n v theo chc nng quy nh.