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Arnold Toynbee, Hellenism, The History of

A civiliz.crtion~

~ A _ Y ~w...:. .. ~li~' 600.11 ~ J.nt..>$ • !JhIU -¥= : ~i el;

,

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!LCary ~ The Geographic Back groun.d of Greek (l) and Roman History, pp. 1-30 •

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,~ i4. Cary, op. cit .. ; pp~ 57-67.

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Ibid., pp. 67-80.

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Chester stars, the Economic and Social (l)

Growth'of Early Greece, pp .. 147-167.

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Ibid., pp~ 79-95.

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~. ~t.~t ..J ,a,)~.u ~JJ ~i .jS1..:..Jl ~lJ J,,' ~S'!I • ~!i.. n "'~'~ 4. 6.:rJ ~t J#$ ~g _ l ..::..~l".,H ~ _yi.A ~ r=.,J~ \,Sr.Jl Ji,l.U ~ aA.lSJ Ji'i ~l JWl ~

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• ~Wl ~ a s!1t

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. "

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• ",,:,~l,J.~

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,"rl .. F Ut \ 1 •• ~, 10 .. 0> ~L.. rt...J lulU ..si ~ ~~ ~ .(\) W~J ~ ~

- .

r ... .illl .slli~1 & ~, "..st J.l.Lill t.r ~ s- It \.J"'l. ... j I "uS' oJ.,_.hJ! - i

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~1 ~ , "~"ijo r.t;~..,1; u~ .Jl)t,..n ~ ~IS"; , fla...b va

i lwhol.ll J,.... .:y. .cG4'--~J t ~ ~'-, ~~ Ji t ~ (;e> ~.;

Ibid~1 p~ 97, FF.

( l)

~ oW, ~y.~1 p.o> ~ ,Pl-o.U ~u _,...; ~, "j ~

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~" tl a..;,.'.,.~.n tt_ J,p _It..!" § fl. a_~;11 a.L...,Jl .:.uri,

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, ,

-

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1$1 ;~! ~t ..::¢; rL....J; ",1 , «~ v~ ":"'ts' jl ~ _J.JI

~

~t..:..Jl ~ ~L..i ~_,; ~ ~ ~ ~, u:;~ ~ ~ ~I

; ~

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~ -

• f"--'b xh "~~', ~I" ~ »--,1 ~!"bS ~ ~

J,lw ~ , vjjJ-SJ ".,.gJr-.J?~ ioItso"~': ,_sy. ~. c;.,aj

u~~ L,J I~ ~,>~I 1<1}a1 ~1 ..t1llJ ~, ~ 1;~,&¥tS

-, -

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~ ~l_.....i" ~4w ~ ~ ~I . ~r; a.",.o~ ~~ ~ a_.eE

, '.

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- -

~~ ~ l,,&j , ~~ .. ;".:Jt ~ _; di.l.J4 u,.;..;;e.u -i)A

s" ,"

Ibid., pp~ 108-177.

( 1)

1.

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"1 _';'W1 UU~jfi'"'~!~l ~~fDti-t~

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• ~I ~t, ~)~l

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-

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T I

4 -4 tu ~I, ' ~ ~ ~ .J.,s, ~ di.bW1 ~ .jUl ~~J f~' ~ ~,rJ' (_,iJli , ~~ Ci.# ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~.; ~l 4tJ1J~' J.-!.i ,s_,.i.U efl ~i ~ GA,.,1"J r !J1 ~_';i1, ~1~ ~1S~"1i >Z1~t _,1 ~ "1' ~,n ~tS', ~ .lU:lJi I ~ ..:.~ U (!' ~I ~1

4.\ j'fI \)"l...1~, • fk ~ .;.h t t_b.r11 ~ a...,,~ ,",pH ~ at~";i f

~ ~,.ul ~'i~l.r.tl ¥lJ~1 .a.au .r&-jJ yd; ~ ~Ii ~I

ji -.;;lJ."JI a.iJJl 4Jc ~~ ~I ~"11~, ( ~§ ) f'H¥ ~r

u;+-- n ~I tv. ~t ~~l ~i1 ~~ ~ • ( \ )a "'t:~t

~l, I I~ u\. ~& ~ J~ 11 ~) l' , J.J ~ aiJ:Il ... U ..:...i~,l,..,1

.J "plitt e-~ ~ u~f ..s.U o'&l ~ ~ r-l ~ ~_,Jt

~ ~l t.J""~1 tl4l ~ ~LiJt ,9A ~U_,t.u

u- ~tJl viJJ ut~l ~I ~ .3~l ~ ~ _~W, ~I J~ ~ ~ ~ \S~ J~.n r--'=' ..j;et.. Jokoj- , ar.'"~1 ~l.i~l ~~.U • (T)~) .,.J1

D. S.. Crawford, Greek and Latin, An .' ~ ._ (1 ) Introduction to the Historical Study of the Classical .-

Languages, p. 30 FF. .

M .. Finley l' Early Greece I The Bronze and - · ... ('0

Archaic Ages, pp. 13~21 ..

~ jlA,;1 ..;.f> u~J t-,t'_)b ~J ~ ~l ..:.\y.....i:Ul ~,

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t"(

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'ri

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a.b.J" . ._,i.j.':"'.n aclJ...e, ~ l.S .. ..:I"f~J U"'J-~ Y. JS J ~l J ~ ~ ~ _,J.: a,.t5Jt ~ ky ~ JA1 ..J JC l.S ,,~i t ~ ~ ..illl ~ ~~ \;tl • ~ ~ .a~ ~ ~ ~I ~t1Q1 ..t-J • (T) t....Ll. ~ ~ ~ ~.b,A> ~ ~~;ld ~I a,._,..)1

.-

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~1~ e" J ~ ~I..;:...n ~f ~ 1t;iJ.:l ~ d..I.~ ,sa, 4~!

Thucydides, 1.4.

(1)

\3"mb~t a ~1 .:#J yS..l ~J ~, ~JiJi d.iA ~,..o ~

v. u.;_, ~l ~ ~~ ~ .,j_; -sH a_,u.t ~!) ~\. ai.,_"..Jl • !" :u~.n ~ ~ ~I ~1, aJ"b., L. ..:-..iJ ~ ~ ~

Linear A, Linear B.

to

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T1

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Cf~ G~ Glatz The Greek City, pp. 128-130; {2)

A .. H.' Mo., Jones, Athenian Democracy ,p. 3: ·C,.Hignett -, A History of the Atheni.an... .

Constitution, p. 232.

B. E. Hammond, Tne Political bisticutions of the Ancient Greeks, p. 7a~

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G"" H... A. Grube I The Greek and Rmma.n (1)

cr1tiCS., p~ 33.

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Fustel de coulanges, The Ancient city, P. 235.. l' )

Aristot .. , Politics, III: IX .. 7 - 8. ~ }

( l} 4!"il

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Bclnaros los.., I. 320 ..

Aristot .. , Politics, III: IX. 8.

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A. Z~, The Greek ~t1!, pp .. 29':-30. J. 'n:?utain, 'I11e Econa;nic life of, file Anci.ent ·tk>rl.d, PP. 71 -73,. ..

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E. Barker, C». cit., pp .. ' 42 - 13. { 1 )"

, .......,..... l' ii"lJ1..Ji 't":lt L. ....... ~ .• oJ: (,.)

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Eur .. , Fr. 368, tlaudt, TA G~ ·F .... 3m .. edition Cf.

Athen ... , I.v. 159, C, D.

AT

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J. B,. Bw:y, Op~ cit. r pp.. 188 - 192.

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Ibid. , P .. 191: Aristot~, Politics,. v, IV~ 5. { , }
J. B. Bury, OPT cit., PPT 193-194. ( l' )
Ibid~ , pp~ 195 -201. ~ r )
Thid~ , 205. \ i )
Ibid~ , PIJ. 206 - 208, 211 PF. i 0) ~t-_, _~-:,~I J~--.MQ,I' U ~_---' ~.;LJ,~.Jt l:: ~17"'.tlj J;-J'

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Cf.. T. G. Tucker, Life in Ancient Athens, P. 37.. (,)

Aristot. .. , Politics, VII. IV., 2-4.. ( T )

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Z.imnern ,~. cit .. , P. 338 - 339. ( \ )

G. G1.otz;, .Ancient Greece at work, pp. 163-178. ( T )

Ibid .. , WoO 192 -193~ (,. )

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~;JJ xlI ~ iij~ 15t"~ ~ rJ ~ ~~ ~I ()'I ~ :r' .. ('f l u ~jJ1' i1 ~ ~l ~lia ~ J.,aJl.)1 ~~ Iyt:

Tucker; op..: cit~, P .. 47. ( 1 )

Glotz I Op. cit., pp.. 185 - 186.. ( T )

.~1~ L. i,'.. r..a.ist:ner, A HistoIy of the Greek IDrld... ( T' )

P .. 375.

-

U+- F ,Sl r.l ~ ~"il~ ~t <U.k.ll ~ ~ .;fiJ

LoNes Dickinson, n-te Greek V~ of Life I p. 79 FF ~ (1)

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2mmern, OP- cit., p~ 385. (l)

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¢t!rl L. \$~I .u.aJl V~ { _"tiJl V~I .jP t ~ J. • .. r"SJ:~ 1..t ..h.,..~ ~ 151 .. ~ A".)-"" ~S , _.J9 • .. ~ t,.o,J\ IlA ,:;r , e~ fo ~, ~"" ~ ~

laistner.f ep.. cit .. r P. 375. Finley Op. cit .. I pp .. 54 -55. Barker, cpo cit .. , p ~ 31 ..