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ck the capacity
2>> consentration influence [coercive] - individual leadership
- leader needed as something to bring together
2>> consentration influence [non-coercive] - 'epstemic communities'
- for success;
1) prescence of regional communited interested in goal
2) respect by political decision-makers for the authority
3) contact or influence between community and policy-makers
C. Nature of the Issue Area - issue area
>> unabiguous shocks and crises - early warning
>> sneak-up; galvanize too late - no warning (or late)
D. ability to monitor - direct ratio with compliance
- Concluding Thoughts: nothing incompatible with strong infleunce from exogen
ous forces and a positive role for institutions
2) Endogenous Factors (internal) - 'epstemic communities'
- good and bad wats to structure and administer
- determinants: right rules, secretariants, and programatic activities
- criticism: variation of factors = variation of interests, maning endo be
ars no independent explanatory weight
> DERIVATIVE - lies in interest and power capabilties of relevant actors
> avoid by control relevant endo
A. Design Features (institutional design) - the form affects ability to ca
rry out tasks
>> design priciples - help to account for success in sustaining common
pool resources and gaining compliance
>> non compliance - 'ambiguity and indterminancy of treaty language' an
d non-use of sanctions and conflict resolution mechanism
>> bahavior not laws - comparative studies
- bahavior changes
- improved legal rules with evasive action = underlying problem
unresolved
>> scientific and technical - non-gov't filled with experts
- common scientific knowledge
B. Programmatic Activities >> operational factors
a. recognizing and nurturing competence
b. emergence of dynamic leadership
c. ability to perform basic o rganizaional tasks
d. imagination and creativity
C. secretariat roles - improves compliance if done properly
- NOT: political role, to embarass or cajole laggards
- no definitie strategy, based on circumstance
D. flexibility and adaptability
- Concluding Thoughts: not as debated; hence, dvivide in how to study it
3) Bahavioral mechanisms- edo to alter exo
- edo + exo = studied together
- design features + programme activities = influence operation
- causal link between instiutional facts and bahavioral outcomes - make sense
of overall phenomenon
- Three Central Tasks (Haas et.al., 1993)
A. increase concern
B. improve contractual environment
C. increase capacity of government
> institutional strategies dependent on environment/situation
- Six Darthmouth Mechanisms *no name (Levy and Young, 1994)
A. as Unitility Modifiers - self-interested utility maximizer
> bahavior guided by arrangements to alter cost and benefits of
options
> change bahavior, if rules make it so
> LINKAGE - linking previously unlinked