Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Background
Theory
Uses
-Industries
* Agriculture
* Chemical Industry
- Production vs. Research
* Centralized machine
* Online
Learning Objectives
- List the needs to successfully predict sample composition using NIRS
- Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantage of using NIRS vs. wet chemistry
- Apply NIRs to your project
- Anticipate potential benefits, obstacles, and biases
Caution : I am not a physicist but a user who has gathered this information through the
course of my use!
Agriculture
(soil science, agronomy,
plant breeding)
Pure compounds
Complex, heterogeneous
samples
Scanning monochrometer
(FOSS generally)
Reported as
Wavenumbers
(1 / wavelength)
Wavelength
(Nanometers, nm)
GENERALLY
www.winisi.com/NIRS_theory.htm
NIRS Theory
Thermo Scientific
http://www.thermo.com/
eThermo/CMA/PDFs/Prod
uct/productPDF_7545.pdf
- Ability to measure carotenoids in maize Brenna OV, Berardo N (2004) Application of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)
to the evaluation of carotenoids content in maize. J Agric Food Chem 52:55775582.
- Sugars in grapes and other fruits Jarn C, Ortuo JC, Arazuri S, Arana JI, Salvadores MC. Sugar determination in grapes using NIR
technology. Int J Infrared Milli 2001; 22: 15211530.
- Oleic acid in single peanut seeds Tillman, B. L.; Gorbet, D. W.; Person, G.Predicting oleic and linoleic acid content of single peanut seeds
using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy Crop Sci. 2006, 46 ( 5) 2121 2126.
- Starch gelatinization temperature in rice. J. S. Bao, H. Corke: Pasting properties of -irradiated rice starches as affected by pH. J.
Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 336341.
- Malting quality in barley Ratcliffe, M., and Panozzo, J. F. 1999. The application of near infrared spectroscopy to evaluate malting quality. J. Inst.
Brew. 105:85-88.
Murray, S.C., Rooney, W.L., Mitchell, S.E., Sharma, A., Klein, P.E.,
Mullet, J.E., and Kresovich, S. 2008. Genetic Improvement of Sorghum as a Biofuel Feedstock: II. QTL for Stem and Leaf Structural Carbohydrates. Crop Science 48: 2180-2193.
Murray, S.C., Sharma, A., Rooney, W.L., Klein, P.E., Mullet, J.E.,
Mitchell, S.E., and Kresovich, S. 2008. Genetic Improvement of Sorghum as a Biofuel Feedstock: I. QTL for Stem Sugar and Grain Nonstructural Carbohydrates. Crop Science 48:
2165-2179.
VERSUS
http://www.dairyone.com/
VERSUS
http://wardlab.com/
- Reasonable results have been found with P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, S and Na but not pH
within Canadian soils. Malley, D. F., Yesmin, L., Wray, D., and Edwards, S. (1999). Application of near-infrared spectroscopy in analysis of soil mineral
nutrients. Comm. Soil. Sci. Plant Anal. 30, 9991012.
Russell, C. A. , Angus, J. F. , Batten, G. D. , Dunn, B. W. and Williams, R. L. (2002) The potential of NIR
spectroscopy to predict nitrogen mineralization in rice soils. Plant Soil 247 , pp. 243-252.
Hummel et al., 2001. J.W. Hummel, K.A. Sudduth and S.E. Hollinger , Soil moisture and organic matter
prediction of surface and subsurface soils using a NIR sensor. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 32 2001 (2001), pp. 149165.
Water
-Comparatively few publications
- Phosphorus, total organic carbon, color, and pH performed marginally. E. Dbakk, M. Nilsson, P. Geladi,
S. Wold and I. Renberg. Water Res. 34 (2000), p. 1666.
http://www.thermoscientific.com/
All Samples:
Stem (cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin, protein)
Leaf (cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin, protein)
Grain (starch, oil, protein)
Grind to 1mil with UDYcyclone
High-Throughput Phenotyping:
NIRS Analysis for Composition
Wet Chemistry performed on ~
10% of Samples
www.dairyone.com
Develop calibration
equations and test fit
ANKOM A200 Filter Bag Technique
Forage Method
Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)
Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF)
Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL)
www.udyone.com
Stem Type
Fit - R2
%ADF
0.94
%NDF
0.95
%Cellulose
0.82
%Hemi Cellulose
0.46
%Lignin
0.77
%Crude
Protein
0.94
Find outliers
NIRS over-predicts
contamination
levels on atoxigenic
samples
Suggests that there
is a molecular
signature that NIRS
is picking up not
necessarily aflatoxin
per se.
Help to develop A.
flavus resistant
germplasm
http://www.foss.dk/Solutions/ProductsDirect/Fo
odScanMeatAnalyser/Technology.aspx#
Advantages:
http://www.asdi.com/news/asd- Portable
releases-labspec-5000-5100spectrometer
- Rugged
- Diffuse Reflectance / transmission probe and Muglight Diffuse Reflectance
- NIRS and visible spectral ranges 250 25000 nm
Disadvantages:
- long pathlength of probe may decrease resolution/ accuracy
Software used:
- Indico Pro and Unscrambler
Approximate cost:
- $57,000
Currently being used for: Model Development: Wet chemistry complete for large range of land covers
in watersheds in Scotland, Puerto Rico, Czech Republic, New Hampshire, Maine
- Soil CO2 evolution NIR picking up labile C fractions
- Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen analysis done, scanning soil for model
- Free and organically-bound Iron, Aluminum and Manganese
- Water Extractable soil DOC and DON
Model Development: Texas
- Stream water signatures and non-point source inputs to fresh waters
- Grave soil: Identification of grave soil signature
Thermo Antaris II
FT-Interferometer
T.C. Pearson, D.L. Brabec and S. Haley, Color image based sorter for
separating red and white wheat, Sensing and Instrumentation for Food
Quality and Safety 2008 (2) (2008), pp. 280288.