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M ------------Mn+ + ne
At the cathode (more O2 concentration), H2O + O2 + 2e------ 2OHWaterline corrosion is a case of differential aeration corrosion,The waterline
corrosion takes place due to the formation of differential oxygen
concentration cells. The part of the metal below the water line is exposed
only to dissolved oxygen while the part above the water is exposed to higher
oxygen concentration of the atmosphere. Thus, part of the metal below the
water acts as anode and undergoes corrosion and part above the waterline is
free from corrosion. A distinct brown line is formed just below the water line
due to the deposition of rust.
A relation chemical energy to electrical energy
In oxidationreduction (redox) reactions, electrons are transferred from one
species (the reductant) to another (the oxidant). This transfer of electrons
provides a means for converting chemical energy to electrical energy or vice
versa. The study of the relationship between electricity and chemical
reactions is called electrochemistry. Electrochemistry is that branch of
chemistry which deals with the relationship between chemical energy and
electrical energy. Chemical reactions produce electrical energy and
conversely, electrical energy can carry out chemical reactions. These
transformations take place through the flow of electrons. Electrons are
evolved at one place (oxidation), transferred through a conductor (metal
wire) and absorbed at another place (reduction).
A chemical reaction can generate electrical energy if it takes place
spontaneously, when carried out under appropriate conditions.
The former reaction generates heat (energy) whereas the latter reaction
requires electrical energy under appropriate conditions.