International Journal of Environment, Ecology,

Family and Urban Studies (IJEEFUS)

ISSN(P): 2250-0065; ISSN(E): 2321-0109
Vol. 6, Issue 3, Jun 2016, 55-62
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

WORKING MOTHERS AND THEIR ADOLESCENTS VIEW ABOUT CAREER

ASPIRATION AND PROFESSION
VIBHA VERMA1 & ANSHU2
1

Research Scholar, Department of Human Development, Ethelind School of Home Science,

Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University),

Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
2

Associate Professor, Department of Human Development, Ethelind School of Home Science,

Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University),

Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
The aim of this Study is to find out the interpersonal relationship between working mothers with their
adolescents in view of adolescents own career aspiration, mothers own career aspiration and adolescents views for
mothers profession and mothers views for their own profession. For this purpose 120 respondents were selected 60
adolescents {30 boys and 30 girls} and 60 their working mothers.60 adolescents were selected randomly from Kanpur city

questionnaire. The findings shows that Maximum 90.0% adolescents interested in any profession their parents support
them. Value of Z was found (2.531*) positively significant at the level of 0.5% level of significance between boys and girls
in the area of adolescents views about their own career aspiration. And mostly 80.0 % adolescents were agreed mothers
employment give financial support to family. Positively significant correlation (0.4466*)was found at the level of 0.5%
level of significance between boys and girls in the area of adolescents views for their working mothers profession.

Original Article

than their working mothers were approached. The data was collected through survey method with the help of self prepared

Maximum 98.3% working mothers told their family members supported in work, and maximum 98.3% working mothers
of the adolescents were told job given financially support to the family. Value of Z test was found (2.100*) significant at
the level of 0.5% level of significance between mothers of the girls and mothers of the boys in the area of mothers views
for their own profession.
KEYWORDS: Adolescents, Working Mothers and Interpersonal Relationship

Received: Mar 12, 2016; Accepted: May 06, 2016; Published: May 20, 2016; Paper Id.: IJEEFUSJUN20166

INTRODUCTION
Mother is the first teacher and she is a biological and social female parent of an off spring. Mother plays
a very important role in the life of a child grows in stage, role of the mother change according to the need of
child Adolescent is a transition stage Tanti et al., (2010).Adolescence has been commonly regarded as a critical
period for the development of self and identity. During this stage, adolescents typically experience significant
changes in their physical, cognitive, and social domain functioning. In adolescent age mothers plays an important
role of friend and counselor and make important contribution both in career and life. Working mother those
educated mother who have adolescent daughters and are taking up some job in schools, colleges factories offices
hospitals etc and are earning a living for themselves and their families. Working mothers, in comparison to
household mothers, spend less time in childcare and looking after their children However, qualitatively this time

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56

Vibha Verma & Anshu

spent is more purposeful and deliberate. Adolescents whose mothers work outside the home do not differ from youth with
non-employed

mothers

in

regard

to

variables

such

as

adjustment; the

nature

of

the

mother-adolescent

relationship; adolescent responsibility and self management and adolescent sexual attitudes and behaviors. The mother
feels stress because of the nature of her multiple roles. When such stress or role strain is experienced, an influence on
adolescent adjustment can occur. The working mother said that they would not be happy if they were home full time and
that it was important that their children seem them as fulfilled healthy women Meryl (2012). Adolescent of employed
mothers perceives the womens role as involving more freedom of choice and satisfaction and more achievement and
career oriented Hoffman (2000). Adolescent may be gain to narrow their occupational choices as they gain a sense of what
is realistic as a future occupation Edler (2002). The long the effects of maternal employment have their strongest
manifestation in lower attainments for children in lower educational attainments for children in their late teens and early
20s John Corval et al., (2003). Maternal aspirations then have to be transmitted to the children and a high level of parental
authority backed up extended family, and community may be effective Modood (2004). Caring for child assisted by
technology seems to create barriers to maternal employment diminishing family resources at the time when financial needs
actually may increase. Remaining employed buffers the negative effects of care at home on maternal health Yantzi et al.,
(2007). Adolescence has been commonly regarded as a critical period for the development of self and identity. During this
stage, adolescents typically experience significant changes in their physical, cognitive, and social domain functioning Tanti
et al., (2010). A mothers participation in the labor force can improve her childrens health by bringing in the money that
can permit a healthier lifestyle for the family and may also permit better health care through employer provide health
insurance coverage. However her childrens health could also be impacted negatively because of the added burden on the
mothers time; resulting in less supervision or care of the children Marrill (2011).

OBJECTIVES

Adolescents own career aspiration and mothers own career aspiration

Adolescents views for mothers profession and mothers views for their own profession.

METHODOLOGY
In this study descriptive research design was used for this purpose (120 respondents were selected (60 adolescents
and 60 working mothers).60 adolescents were selected randomly from Kanpur city than their mothers were approached the
data was collected through survey method with the help of self prepared questionnaire. The questionnaire was in two
separate section one for adolescents another for their working mothers.

Impact Factor (JCC): 3.0965

NAAS Rating: 3.63

Working Mothers and their Adolescents view about Career Aspiration and Profession

57

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 1: Percentage and Rank Wise Distribution of the Statements in the
Area of Adolescents Views about their Own Career Aspiration:
Statement
Clear about goal want to
do near future
Parent guide or motivate
to pursue some career
Interested in any
profession then parents
support
Parent give information
related to profession
Feel that in selection of
profession mother role is
more than father
Mother force for
accepting choice of
profession
Mothers profession
help in selecting
cares/vocation
Feel that our mother
having more knowledge
in vocational area in
comparison to the nonworking mother

Yes (%)

Boys
Mean
Score

Rank

19 (63.3)

1.63

21 (70.9)

1.70

III

25 (83.3)

1.83

20 (66.7)

1.67

7 (23.3)

Yes
(%)
22
(73.3)
29
(96.7)

Girls
Mean
score

Rank

1.73

III

1.97

29
(96.7)

1.97

IV

26
(86.7)

1.87

1.23

VI

17
(56.7)

5 (16.7)

1.17

VII

24 (80.0)

1.80

23 (83.3)

1.83

Yes
(%)
41
(68.3)
90
(83.3)

Total
Mean
Score

Rank

1.68

1.83

II

54
(90.0)

1.90

II

46
(76.7)

1.77

III

1.57

VI

24
(40.0)

1.40

VI

10
(33.3)

1.33

VII

15
(25.0)

1.25

VII

II

20
(66.7)

1.67

44
(73.3)

1.73

IV

21
(70.0)

1.70

IV

46
(76.7)

1.77

III

Results which we got from the above table 1 show that interpersonal relationship between working mothers and
their adolescents in the area of adolescents view own career aspiration. Ist rank have been given to the statement if they are
interested in any profession than their parents support them by the both sex (boys & girls) with the mean score 1.83 and
1.79 respectively. Value of Z was found (2.531*) positively significant at the level of 0.5% level of significance between
boys and girls in the area of adolescents views about their own career aspiration. Some studies support like Kniveton
(2004). The great influence on choice of career by parents for their 14-18 ages son and daughter. Madill et al., (2004). was
find out family member, mother and work experience influenced career decision making for Canadian young women.
Alliman Brissett, et al., (2004).
Adolescents perceived parental support using four sources of career self-efficacy (career planning and exploration,
knowledge of self and others, career decision making, and school- to- work transition) and found that girls self efficacy
was predicated by parents emotional support and boys self efficacy by parents career related mentoring. Whiston and
Keller (2004). They analyzed empirical studies of the influence of parents on the career students and young adults and
adults. They concluded that career development was influenced by two interdependent family contextual factors. Family
structure variables such as parent occupational area and educational level influence individual aspirations and expectations.

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Vibha Verma & Anshu

Table 2: Percentage and Rank Wise Distribution of the Statements in the

Area of Adolescents Views about Mothers Profession
Statement
Mother employment give
financial support to family
Mothers employment improve
socio-economic status of family
Face any kind of difficulties on
life due to absence of mother
Satisfy with mothers profession
Give help encourage mother for
her profession
Mothers profession helps in
selected of vocation/career

Yes
(%)
24
(80.0)
24
(80.0)
24
(80.0)
25
(83.3)
23
(76.7)
16
(53.3)

Boys
Mean
Score

Rank

0.80

II

1.80

II

1.80

II

1.83

1.77

III

1.53

IV

Yes
(%)
24
(80.0)
23
(76.7)
21
(70.0)
20
(66.7)
25
(83.3)
24
(80.0)

Girls
Mean
Score

Rank

Yes
(%)

Total
Mean
Score

1.80

Ii

8 (80.0)

1.80

1.77

Iii

1.78

II

1.70

Iv

1.75

III

1.67

1.75

III

1.83

1.80

1.80

II

1.67

IV

47
(78.3)
45
(75.0)
45
(75.0)
48
(80.0)
40
(66.7)

Rank

The table 2 shows that interpersonal relationship between working mothers and their adolescents in the area of
adolescents views for mothers of the adolescents. The statement satisfy mothers profession hold Ist rank (83.3%) with
the mean score 1.83 in case of boys. The statement "give help and encourage mother for her profession" hold Ist rank
(83.3%) with the mean score 1.83 in case of girls. And over all adolescents have given Ist rank to the statement of mothers
employment provides financial support to family and give help and encourage mothers for their profession with the mean
score 1.80. Positively significant correlation (0.4466*)was found at the level of 0.5% level of significance between boys
and girls in the area of adolescents views for their working mothers profession. Christy Lleras (2009). Working mother
would be able to create better home environment and maternal employment suggests that working increases income and
enhance self esteem. These factors are than thought to influence parenting behavior.
Table 3: Percentage and Rank Wise Distribution of the Statements in the
Area of Mothers Views about their Own Career Aspiration
Statement
Face difficulties in work due to
family responsibility
Family member support in work
Husband encourage to achieve
progress in filed
Want to achieve more in
profession
Working outside provides some
degree of confidence and more
opportunities to explore thing.
Think it is important to be
recognized in the society
Male dominance exist
Think obstacle in career because
of more family responsibilities

Mothers of the boys

Yes
Mean
Rank
(%)
score
26
1.87
II
(86.7)
29
1.97
I
(96.7)
26
1.87
III
(86.7)
22
1.73
IV
(73.3)

Mothers of the girls

Yes
Mean
Rank
(%)
score
23
1.77
V
(76.6)
22
1.73
VI
(73.3)
24
1.80
IV
(80.0)
24
1.80
III
(80.0)

Yes
(%)
49
(81.7)
51
(85.0)
56
(83.3)
46
(16.7)

24
(80.0)

25
(83.3)

49
(81.9)

22
(73.3)
16
(53.3)
19
(63.3)

1.80

III

1.73

1.53

VII

1.63

VI

29
(96.7)
22
(73.3)
16
(33.3)

1.83

II

1.97

1.73

VII

1.53

VIII

51
(85.0)
38
(63.3)
35
(58.3)

Total
Mean
score

Rank

1.82

IV

1.85

1.83

III

1.77

VI

1.82

VI

1.85

II

1.63

VII

1.58

VIII

From the above table 3 it is well illustrated that interpersonal between working mothers and their adolescents in
the area of mothers views for own career aspiration. The statement "family member support in work" hold Ist rank (96.7%)
with the mean score 1.97 in the case of mothers of the boys. Elderman (2002) Mother fined the need to maintain a parallel
Impact Factor (JCC): 3.0965

NAAS Rating: 3.63

Working Mothers and their Adolescents view about Career Aspiration and Profession

59

source of income a social security and a sign of independence. Whereas the statement "think job is important to be
recognized in the society" hold Ist rank (96.7%) with the mean score 1.97. All the mothers of the adolescents have been Ist
rank (85.0%) to the statement of family members support in the work with the mean score 1.87.
Table 4: Percentage and Rank Wise Distribution of the Statements in the
Area of Mothers Views for their Own Profession
Statement
Satisfy with own profession
Think profession is important
for family
Job give financially support to
family
Give packet money to
daughter/son
Profession is improving status
in the family and in the society
Profession is improving socioeconomic status in the society
Today women are self
sufficient in themselves and do
not requires male support.

Mothers of the Boys

Mean
Rank
Score

Yes (%)
24
(80.0)
28
(93.3)
29
(96.7)
26
(86.7)
25
(83.3)
27
(90.0)
19
(63.3)

1.80

VI

1.93

II

1.97

1.87

IV

1.83

1.96

III

1.63

VII

Mothers of the Girls

Mean
Rank
Score

Yes (%)
21
(70.0)
19
(63.3)
30
(100)
24
(80.0)
21
(70.0)
22
(73.3)
18
(60.0)

1.70

VI

1.63

2.00

1.80

II

1.70

IV

1.73

III

1.67

VI

Yes (%)
45
(75.0)
47
(78.3)
59
(98.3)
50
(83.3)
46
(76.7)
49
(81.7)
37
(61.7)

Total
Mean
score

Rank

1.75

VI

1.78

IV

1.98

1.83

II

1.77

1.82

III

1.62

VII

The table 4 indicates that interpersonal relationship between working mothers and their adolescents in the area of
mothers views for their own profession. The Ist rank has been given to the statement of job give financially support to
family by the mothers of the both sexes with the mean score 1.97 and 2.00 respectively. Value of Z test was found (2.100*)
significant at the level of 0.5% level of significance between mothers of the girls and mothers of the boys in the area of
mothers views for their own profession. Casebourne and Britton (2004). Found that the majority of lone mothers with a
health problem who were in receipt of income support payments indicated a desire to work. However, some mothers felt
that their health was too poor for them to be able to work. For others it was the double burden of having poor health and
having the responsibilities associated with being a lone parent that made it difficult to take on paid employment.
Maximum 90.0% adolescents (83.3% boys and 96.7% girls) interested in any profession their parents support
them. 83.3% boys were in favour that their felt some time mothers having more knowledge in vocational area in
comparison to the non working mother. 96.7% girls felt their parents guide and motivate to pursue of some career. Mostly
80.0 % adolescents were agreed mothers employment give financial support to family and 76.7% boys and 83.3% girls
were they help, encourage to their mother in their profession. 83.3 % boys and 66.7% girls were satisfied with their
mothers profession. Maximum 98.3% mothers of the adolescents (96.7% mothers of the boys 73.3% mothers of the girls)
family members supported in work. 85.0% adolescents mothers were thought job is important to be recognized in the
society. Maximum 98.3% mothers of the adolescents (100% mothers of girls and 96.7% mothers of the boys) were told job
given financially support to the family. Pinquart et al., (2004). A higher level of academic ability, and well educated
parents were important factors that influenced positive career reorientation in time of social changes.

CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of summarized result in respect to Interpersonal relationship between working mothers and their
adolescents the findings of present study confirmed the result of research that interpersonal relationship between working
mothers with their daughters was better than sons. Both sexes of adolescents were aspired for their own career. Mostly sons
were satisfied their working mothers profession than daughters. Working mothers of adolescents (boys and girls) felt more
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60

Vibha Verma & Anshu

aspired about their own career. Working mothers of boys were more satisfied in their own career or profession than
working mothers of girls.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am vibha verma. I had done research work in 2012 from Department of Human Development and family
studies, College of Home Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. It was golden opportuy
and proud privilege to work under the talented and inspiring guidance of Dr. (Mrs.) Mukta Garg assistant professor,
officer inchargy Department of Human Development and family studies, College of Home Science, C.S. Azad University
of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. Her untiring supervision, persistent encouragement, unending zeal, conspicuous
ability and constructive criticism have always been a constant source of my achievement. I am extremely indebted to her
for being meticulous throughout investigation and preparation of this manuscript.
I am grateful to my advisory committee Dr. Priya Vashisntha, Assistant Professor Directorate of Extension, and
Dr. Rakesh Kumar Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural; Economics and Statistics C.S. Azad
University of Agriculture and technology, Kanpur for constant guidance interest thought out the course of my investigation.
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