MASL1 Final Exam Study Guide

Students should study the following material from the book: “Mathematics Standard Level”.

The best preparation is to try to solve by yourself the pre-solved examples of the book and then check if you got the
correct method – answer – presentation. Study your notes solve ALL given handouts. Above all: PRACTICE -
PRACTICE - PRACTICE - PRACTICE - PRACTICE - PRACTICE - PRACTICE – and again PRACTICE
!!!!!

Chapter 2 ALGEBRA OF LINEAR AND QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS

2.1The Real Number Line 15

2.1.1 The Real Number Line 15
2.1.2 Set Builder Notation 15
2.1.3 Interval Notation 15
2.1.4 Number Systems 17
2.1.5 Irrational Numbers 18
2.1.6 The Absolute Value 20
2.2 Linear Algebra 21
2.2.1 Review of Linear Equations 21
2.2.2 Linear Inequations 26
2.3 Linear Functions 28
2.3.1 Graph of the Linear Function 28
2.3.2 Simultaneous Linear Equations in Two Unknowns 33
2.3.3 Simultaneous Linear Equations in Three Unknowns 37
2.4 Quadratics 39
2.4.1 Quadratic Equation 39
2.4.2 Quadratic Function 44
2.4.3 Quadratic Inequalities 51
2.4.4 Simultaneous Equations Involving Linear-Quadratic Equations 54

Chapter 4 THE BINOMIAL THEOREM

4.1 The Binomial Theorem 95

4.1.1 The Binomial Theorem 95
4.1.2 The General term 100

Chapter 5 FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS 105

5.1 Relations 105
5.1.1 Relations 105
5.1.2 The Cartesian Plane 107
5.1.3 Implied Domain 108
5.1.4 Types of Relations 109
5.1.5 Sketching with the Graphics Calculator 110
5.2 Functions 115
5.2.1 Definitions 115
5.3 Some Standard Functions 122
5.3.1 Hybrid Functions and Continuity 122
5.3.2 The Absolute Value Function 126
5.3.3 The Exponential Function 131
5.3.4 The Logarithmic Function 138
5.3.5 Equations of the Form y = xn, n = –1, –2 144
5.4 Algebra of Functions 148
5.4.1 Basic Operations and Composite Functions 148
5.4.2 Identity and Inverse Functions 157

Chapter 6 TRANSFORMATIONS OF GRAPHS

6.1 Translations 167

6.1.1 Horizontal Translation 167
6.1.2 Vertical Translation 170
6.2 Dilations 177
6.2.1 Dilation from the x -axis 177
6.2.2 Dilation from the y -axis 179
6.3 Reflections 183
6.4 Reciprocal of a Function 188

Chapter 7 EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

7.1 Exponents 197

7.1.1 Basic Rules of Indices 197
7.1.2 Indicial Equations 201
7.1.3 Equations of the form b f x= b gx 203
7.1.4 What if the Base is Not The Same? 205
7.1.5 A Special Base (e) 207
7.2 Exponential Modelling 209
7.3 Logarithms 217
7.3.1 What are Logarithms 217
7.3.2 Can we find the Logarithm of a Negative Number? 219
7.4 The Algebra of Logarithms 221
7.5 Logarithmic Modelling 230

Chapter 8 SEQUENCES AND SERIES

8.1 Arithmetic Sequences and Series 241

8.1.1 Arithmetic Sequences 241
8.1.2 Arithmetic Series 245
8.1.3 Sigma Notation 249
8.2 Geometric Sequences and Series 252
8.2.1 Geometric Sequences 252
8.2.2 Geometric Series 257
8.2.3 Combined A.Ps and G.Ps 261
8.2.4 Convergent Series 263
8.3 Compound Interest and Superannuation 267
8.3.1 Compound Interest 267

Chapter 9 MENSURATION

9.1 Trigonometric Ratios 273

9.1.1 Review of Trigonometric Functions for Right-angled Triangles 273
9.1.2 Exact Values 273
9.2 Applications 278
9.2.1 Angle of Elevation and Depression 278
9.2.2 Bearings 280
9.3 Right Angles in 3–Dimensions 283
9.4 Area of a Triangle 287
9.5 Non Right-Angled Triangles 290
9.5.1 The Sine Rule 290
9.5.2 The Ambiguous Case 294
9.5.3 Applications of The Sine Rule 298
9.5.4 The Cosine Rule 300
9.5.5 Applications of The Cosine Rule 302
9.6 More Applications in 3–D 307
9.7 Arc, Sectors and Segments 309
9.7.1 Radian Measure of an Angle 309
9.7.2 Arc Length 310
9.7.3 Area of Sector 311

Chapter 10 CIRCULAR TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

10.1 Trigonometric Ratios 315

10.1.1 The Unit Circle 315
10.1.2 Angle of Any Magnitude 316
10.2 Trigonometric Identities 327
10.2.1 The Fundamental Identity 327
10.2.2 Compound Angle Identities 332
10.3 Trigonometric Functions 337
10.3.1 The Sine, Cosine and Tangent Functions 337
10.3.2 Transformations of Trigonometric Functions 340
10.4 Trigonometric Equations 351
10.4.1 Solution to 351
10.5 Applications 361