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c.r. = 2
c.r. =1/2
1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4,
c.r. = 2
In general
a, ar, ar2, ar3, , a rn1
By close inspection of the above series we can say the n-th term of GP will
be given by
tn = arn1
If we take any value of |r| greater than 1 then value of rn when n will
tend to infinite. Hence value of S will also tend to infinite. If we take of |r|
less than rn when n will tend to zero. (take any number greater than 1
multiply it by itself several time. Are you getting convinced that it will tend
to infinity. Do the same exercise with one another number less than 1).
Thus S = a/1r for |r| < 1
(9)
Enquiry : What happens when any real number can be add subtract, multiply and divides
to each term of a geometric series?
1.
Multiplication/Division by a constant number to each term of a G.P.
also results a G.P.
Suppose a1, a2, a3, , an are in G.P.
then ka1, ka2, ka3, , kan and
a1/k, a2/k, ... ... ... an/k will also be in G.P.
Where k ? R and k 0.
2.
3.
4.
Note:
Students are suggested to assume the known variable related to geometric
progression in following way.
Three number in G.P. /, ,
Four number in G.P. /3, , , 3
c.r =
c.r. = 2
G2 = ab
G =ab
Similarly we can find two geometric means between two given numbers a
and b.
Does there exists a G.P. containing 27, 8 and 12 as three of its terms? If it
exists, how many such progressions are possible?
Solution:
Let 8 be the mth, 12 the nth and 27 be the tth terms of a G.P. whose first
term is A and common ratio is R.
Then 8 = ARm1, 12 = ARn1, 27 = ARt1
8/12 = Rmn = 2/3,
12/27 = Rnt = (2/3)2,
8/27 = Rmt =(2/3)3
2m 2n = n t
and
3m 3n = m t
2m + t = 3n
and
2m + t = 3n
2m+t/3 = n.
There are infinite sets of values of m, n, t which satisfy this relation. For
example, take m = 1, then 2+t/3 = n = k n = k, t = 3k 2. By giving
different values to k we get integral values of n and t. Hence there are
infinite numbers of G.P.s whose terms may be 27, 8, 12 (not consecutive).
Illustration:
In a four term series if first three are in G.P. and last three are in A.P. with
common different 6 and last terms is equal to the first term then find all four
terms in series.
Solution:
This is very tricky question. If you read question carefully then it is clear that
we have to start with A.P. because common difference is given.
Let the numbers be a + 6, a6, a, a+6 now first three are in G.P. is (a6)2 =
a(a+6) or, a2 12a + 36 = a2 therefore numbers are 8, 4, 2, 8.
Arithmetic-Geometric Progression
Suppose a1, a2, a3, . is an A.P. and b1, b2, b3, is a G.P. Then the
sequence a1b1, a2b2, , anbn is said to be an arithmetic-geometric
progression. An arithmetic-geometric progression is of the form ab, (a+d)br,
(a + 2d)br2, (a + 3d)br3,
Its sum Sn to n terms is given by
(1)
(2)
(r)
Note:
tp = a + bp + c 3p1
p=1 t1 = 7 = a + b + c
p=2
t2 = 14 = a + 2b + 3c
p=3
t3 = 33 = a + 3b + 9c
Solving, we get a = 3, b = 1, c = 3
tp = 3 + p + 3. (3p1)