DRYERS AND DRYING

1.

Tobacco in a warehouse, held at 30 C and 40% relative humidity, is placed in

a room at 32 C and 70% relative humidity preparatory to being worked on. For
each 50 kg of tobacco moved from the warehouse, what is the bone-dry weight?
What is the actual weight of this quantity of tobacco after staying in the working
room?
Solution:
m1 50 kg
For tobacco at 40% RH
Regain1 13.30%
at 70% RH
Regain2 25.00%
(a)

m1 Bdw
Regain1
0.1330Bdw 50 Bdw
Bdw

Bdw 44.13 kg

m2 = actual weight

(b)

m2 Regain2 Bdw Bdw 0.25 44.13 44.13 55.16 kg

2.

Air enters an adiabatic drier at 6 m/s through a 2-m diameter duct at 29 C dry
bulb and 22 C wet bulb temperatures. It is heated to 80 C before reaching the
material to be dried and leaves the drier at 44 C and 80% RH. The material
enters the drier with a moisture content of 24%, and leaves with a moisture
content of 8%. Determine (a) the mass of water removed per kg of dry air, (b)
the volume flow of air entering the reheater, (c) the kg of water evaporated per
second, (d) the mass flow rate of material leaving the drier, and (e) the heat
requirement of drier per kg of water evaporated.
Solution:

DRYERS AND DRYING

at 1, tdb1 29 C , twb1 22 C
h1 64.2 kJ kg
W1 0.0138 kg kg
v1 0.874 m3 kg

at 2, tdb2 80 C , W2 W1 0.0138 kg kg
hg2 2643.7 kJ kg

h2 cpt db2 W2 hg2 1.0062 80 0.0138 2643.7 116 .98 kJ kg

at 3, tdb3 44 C , 3 80%RH

pd3 9.151 kPa

ps3 3 pd 3 0.80 9.151 7.321 kPa

W3

0.622 ps3
pt ps3

0.622 7.321
0.0484 kg kg
101.325 7.321

(a) Mass of water removed per kg dry air =

W3 W2 0.0484 0.0138 0.0346 kg kg

2
3
(b) Volume flow rate of air entering the reheater = V1 2 6 18.85 m s
4
(c) Mass of water evaporated =
V
18.85
a W3 W2 1 W3 W2
m
0.0346 0.746 kg s
v1
0.875

DRYERS AND DRYING

5
(d) Mass flow rate of material leaving the dryer = m
5 1 0.08 m
4 1 0.24
m
4 1.21m
5
m

4 m
5 m
a W3 W2
but m
5 m
5 0.746
1.21m
5 3.552 kg s
m
(e)

3.

Heat requirement per kg of water evaporated.

h h
m
h h
116 .98 64.2
a 2 1 2 1
1525 kJ kgwater
a W3 W2 W3 W2
m
0.0346

A drier is to be designed to reduce the water content of a certain material

from 55% to 10%. Air at 29 C dry bulb temperature and with a humidity ratio of
0.005 kg/kg is heated to 50 C in a reheater before entering the drier. The air
leaves the drier at 38 C with 70% relative humidity. On the basis of 1000 kg of
product per hour, calculate (a) the volume flow rate of air entering the reheater,
and (b) the heat supplied in the reheater.
Solution:

At 1, t db1 29 C , W1 0.005 kg kg
h1 42 kJ kg
v1 0.862 m3 kg

at 2, tdb2 50 C , W2 W1 0.005 kg kg

DRYERS AND DRYING

h2 63.5 kJ kg
at 3, tdb3 38 C , 3 70%RH
W3 0.0298 kg kg

5 1 0.10 m
4 1 0.55
m
5 1000 kg hr
m

4
m

10001 0.10
2000 kg hr
1 0.55

a
m

4 m
5
1 hr
m
2000 1000
11.2 kg s

40,323 kg hr
W3 W2 0.0298 0.005
3600 s

(a) Volume flow rate of air entering the reheater =

av1 11.2 0.862 9.65 m3 s
V1 m

a h2 h1 11.2 63.5 42 240.8 kW

(b) Heat supplied in the reheater = m
4.

A dryer is to deliver 1000 kg/hr of palay with final moisture content in the
feed is 15% at atmospheric condition with 32 C dry bulb and 21 C wet bulb. The
dryer is maintained at 45 C while the relative humidity of the hot humid air from
the dryer is 80%. If the steam pressure supplied to the heater is 2 MPa,
determine the following:
(a)
Palay supplied to the dryer in kg/h.
(b)
Temperature of the hot humid air from the dryer in C.
(c)
Air supplied to dryer in cu m/h.
(d)
Heat supplied by the heater in kW.
(e)
Steam supplied to heater in kg/h.
Solution:

DRYERS AND DRYING

at 1, tdb1 32 C , twb1 21 C
h1 60.6 kJ kg
W1 0.0112 kg kg
at 2, tdb2 45 C , W2 W1 0.0112 kg kg
h2 74.9 kJ kg
v2 0.917 m3 kg

at 3, tdb3 45 C , 2 80%RH

pd3 9.593 kPa

ps3 3 pd3 0.80 9.593 7.674 kPa

W3

0.622 ps3
pt ps3

0.622 7.674
0.0510 kg kg
101.325 7.674

hg3 2583.2 kJ kg

h3 cptdb3 W3 hg3 1.0062 45 0.0510 2583.2 177 kJ kg

(a)

Palay supplied to the dryer in kg/hr

4
= m

5 1 0.10 10001 0.10

m

1058.8 kg hr
1 0.15
1 0.15

(b) Temperature of the humid air from the dryer = tdb3 tdryer 45 C .
(c)

av2
Air supplied to dryer = V 2 m

DRYERS AND DRYING

a
m

4 m
5
m
1058.8 1000

1477.4 kg hr
W3 W2 0.0510 0.0112

av2 1477.4 0.917 1354.8 m3 h

V 2 m

(d)

Heat supplied to heater in kW

1477.4
a h2 h1
m
74.9 60.6 5.87 kW
3600

shfg 5.87 kW
(e) m
s 1890.7 5.87 3600
m
s 11.18 kg hr
m