B30EI

Electro-magnetic compatibility
EMC

B30EI

EMI / EMC- definition

The process by which electromagnetic energy (radiated
or conducted) is transmitted from one location to the
other.
And devices need to be designed to be compatible
The ability of a device to coexist in its intended
environment without causing or suffering function
degradation

B30EI

Radiated Energy

Energy transmitted by electromagnetic fields in

any dielectric medium, e.g. air, via induction loops

B30EI

Radiation

The magnetic field intensity at

radius r

I
H(r) =
2r
4

B30EI

Radiation Continued 1
loop

The loop of wire encloses magnetic flux,

Whose value is given by the surface integral

loop = B(r )drdz

Now :-

l r0 + w

=
0

B(r )drdz

B(r) = 0 H(r)
0 I
=
2r

r0

Therefore
l r0 + w

loop =

r0

0 I
drdz
2r
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B30EI

Radiation Continued 2
Evaluating the integral:

loop

0 I
=
2

0 I
=
2

l ro + w

r0

1
drdz
r

loop =

[ln [r] ]
0

The current carrying conductor couples flux

into the loop of wire:-

r0 + w

dz

r = r0

l
0 I r0 + w
=
ln
dz

2 0 r0

0 Il r0 + w
=
ln

2 r0

0 Il r0 + w

ln
2 r0

And the induced voltage in the loop , Vloop, is

Vloop =

dloop
dt

By Faradays law

If current, I, changes with at rate of dI/dt

Vloop =

0l r0 + w dI
x
ln
2 r0 dt
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B30EI

Radiation Continued 3
The flux radiated by the conductor couples
energy into the loop according to the rate of
change of current. This can induce volts, (and
current if the loop is closed) in the loop

Thus

loop =

Note, the following dependences increase Vloop

- increases dI/dt
- as the loop gets closer to the conductor,
- if loop area increase

w
r0

Loop area

B field and loop

Location
i.e. the smaller the loop area the lower
the induced voltage (pickup)

0 Il w
ln1 +
0 =
2 r0
x=

0 I
* lw
2r0

If r0>>w the loop is in the far magnetic field

From

x 2 x3 x 4
ln (1 + x ) = x + ...
2 3 4

If x <<1 then ln(1+x)x

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B30EI

Conducted Energy
Energy transmitted via solid media like cables, connectors and
IC packages
Consider a
track above a
PCB ground
plane

Assuming a parallel plate capacitor (ignoring fringing)

Plate area A = wl, t=0.5mm
Capacitance per unit length (m)

C=

r 0 A
d

C 8.85 *10 12 * 4.4 * 0.3 *10 3

=
l
0.5 *10 3

=23.4 pF /m
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B30EI

Conducted Current

Now consider that the track potential changes at a rate of 600V

in 50ns and the track length is 10cm. From previous slide track
0.3mm width and 0.5mm thick pcb:-

The conducted current

ic = C

dV
dt

=2.34 *10 -12 * 600/ 50 *10 -9 = 28mA

How long does this current last and what shape ?

600V
0
28mA
0
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Where does the current go ?

B30EI

Problem
Conducted current travels back through the power supply connections.
Some to ground pin of the driving IC
Some back through the PSU connection and the PSU.
Current back through the PSU that is a significant problem
If it gets too high it fails the compliance tests
Solution
Put decoupling capacitors between Supply and ground pins of IC to provide a short to
high frequency currents.. Remember that capacitors look like a short circuit to high
frequency signals
The decoupling capacitor provides a path for the conducted current, reducing the
conducted current through the PSU connections

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B30EI

Please refer to the hand written material on

EMC/EMI

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