3.

WORKMANSHIP
3.1. Reinforcement
NO
3.1.1.

3.1.2.

3.1.3.

3.1.4.

Contract
Reinforcement shall be bent
accurately in accordance
with ACI 318 to the shapes and
dimensions shown on
the drawings or in the schedules
where applicable.
Cold worked or high yield bars shall
not be
straightened or bent again once
having been bent.
When it is necessary to bend mild
steel
reinforcement already cast in the
concrete the
internal radius of such bends shall
be not less
than twice the diameter of the bar.
No welding of reinforcement shall
be carried out
without the endorsement of the
Architect.
The use of mechanical splices shall
be of the Building Authority
approved types and shall be used
with the acceptance of the Architect.
Where the use of mechanical splices
is accepted by
the Architect, its use shall comply
with the following :
a. The splicing shall be carried out
directly by certified persons
who have been fully trained by
the supplier in the correct
operation and procedures for
fitting splices with equipment as
per supplier's specification.
b. The splices shall be used only
for high yield deformed bars in
compliance with SII.0136- 84
(UDC.669.14) or ASTM A61S.
c. The correct placing of. the bars
on site to be spliced shall be

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Perpres/ UU JK

inspected by responsible
member of the supplier to
ensure that the spacing of bars
is sufficient to allow the
splicing to be done properly and
a check list shall be completed
to this effect.
d. The Manufacturer's
recommendations and
specifications or using the
splices shall be strictly
followed.
e. Three samples for every one
hundred splices shall be taken
from the erected work for
tensile test. In case of splices
less than one hundred, at least
three samples shall be taken for
test. The Architect may ask for
additional tests on samples
selected from
site to ensure the quality and
workmanship at all times
comply with the required
standard.
f. The Contractor shall keep
records of all splices, testing
and relevant data and these
records shall be produced if
requested.
g. The splices shall be staggered
so that no more than half of the
bars are spliced at any location
and the distance between
staggered splices shall not be
less than 30 times bar diameter.
3.1.5.

3.1.6.

All reinforcement shall at the time

of concreting be free from loose
scale, rust, oil or dirt or any other
deleterious matter.
All reinforcement shall be fixed in
the position shown oh the drawings
by the adequate use of spacers, tying
wire, chairs, stools, etc. and shall be
so maintained during the concreting
operation. Special attention shall be

3.1.7.

3.1.8.

3.1.9.

3.1.10

given to all starter bars, which shall

be rigidly supported by temporary
bracing near the free ends in such a
way that they cannot move when
accidently knocked or pulled.
Long vertical bars in walls and
columns, shall be adequately
supported at a high level to ensure
correct placement of the bars in
lower lifts of concrete.
Laps to reinforcement shall be
where indicated on the drawings or
accepted by the Architect. Where
not specifically detailed in the
drawings, the laps of reinforcement
shall be staggered to the
endorsement of the Architect so that
they do not occur in a band. Care
shall be taken to comply with
this requirement when using sliding
formwork.
The Contractor: shall take necessary
care to ensure that reinforcement is
not displaced during concreting.
In severe heat conditions
reinforcement shall be shaded from
direct sunlight and hosed down with
potable water prior to concreting to
keep the temperature of
reinforcement below 35 degree C.

3.2. Formwork and Method of Construction

NO
3.2.1

3.2.2

Contract
The Contractor shall be responsible
for the design stability, supply,
fixing and alignment of all
formwork and supports.
Formwork shall be so designed and
constructed that concrete can be
properly placed and throughly
compacted to the true shape, line
and dimensions
without loss of cement grout or

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3.2.3.

3.2.4.
3.2.5

3.2.6

other harmful effect to the finished

structure.
Formwork shall be adequately
strutted, braced or tied, it shall be
capable of adjustment to the lines
and dimensions of the finished
concrete and be sufficiently strong
to withstand the pressure resulting
from placing the concrete,
including the method of
compaction employed, without
undue
deflections or loss of alignment.
Any device for securing formwork
shall not remain with the concrete.
All joints in the formwork shall be
either horizontal or vertical, end
formwork being square across the
mass for concrete. The design of
the
formwork shall be such as will
permit of its being strut and moved
without injury to the concrete.
Make joints of forms sufficiently
tight to prevent
leakage of concrete fines,
particularly at corners of exposed
beams, walls and columns or at the
corners of exposed edges of slabs.
Provide chamfers to all columns
and walls exposed .to view with
sprayed on finish or to be painted.
Chamfer strips
shall be 20 mm 45 degrees
hardwood strips; set in sealant and
nailed 150 mm on center, and
installed in inside corners of all
forms, unless otherwise directed by
the Architect.
Internal metal ties may be used
with the endorsement of the
Architect. Where internal metal ties
are permitted they or their
removable parts shall be extracted
without damage to the concrete and
the

3.2.7

3.2.8

remaining holes shall be carefully

filled with mortar. No permanently
embedded metal part shall have less
cover than that indicated for
adjacent steel bar reinforcement.
Where vertical exposed
surfaces require rebates to provide
an acceptable finish, the Contractor
shall obtain the endorsement of the
Architect for the detail of the tie
and rebate.
When holes are to be provided in
formwork for pipes, weep holes and
the like they shall be neatly
trimmed
to fit the pipe and caulked with
material endorsed by the Architect
to form a grout-tight joint.
All rubbish, particularly chippings,
shavings and sawdust, shall be
removed from the interior of all
formwork immediately before
concrete is placed and the surfaces
to be in contact with the concrete
shall be cleaned and either
thoroughly wetted or treated with a
suitable accepted mould oil or
releasing agent.