Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
The education of pre-Spanish time in the Philippines was informal and unstructured. The fathers
taught their sons how to look for food and other means of livelihood. The mothers taught their girls to do
the household chores. This education basically prepared their children to become good husband and wives.
Early Filipino ancestors valued education very much. Filipino men and women knows how to read and
write using their own native alphabet called alibata. The alibata was composed of 17 symbols representing
the letters of the alphabet. Among these seventeen symbols were three vowels and fourteen consonants.
1521- 1896
The educational system of the Philippines during the Spanish times was formal. The Religious
congregations paved the way in establishing schools from the primary level to the tertiary level of
education. The schools focused on the Christian Doctrines. There was a separate school for boys and girls.
The wealthy Filipinos or the Ilustrados were accommodated in the schools.
and State in education, encourage Filipino in the field of teaching, outstanding Filipino scholars were sent
to US to train as teachers.
The state provided free education in public schools all over the country. Education also emphasized
nationalism so the students were taught about the life of the Filipino heroes. Vocational education and some
household activities like sewing, cooking, and farming were also given importance. Good manners and
discipline were also taught to the students.
1935-1941 (Commonwealth)
All schools should develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and vocational
efficiency. Promote effective participation of the citizens in the processes of a democratic society. To
help counteract the American cultural influence among the Filipinos, President Quezon greatly encouraged
the revival of native culture as well as desirable Filipino values.
And to help strengthen the moral fibers of the Filipinos and to foster love of country especially
among the youth, President Quezon issued his Code of Ethics which was required to be taught in all schools.
In 1940, several changes were made in the Philippine educational system by virtue of the Educational Act of
1940. Under this law, the elementary course was reduced from 7 years to 6 years. The minimum age for
admission to Grade I was raised to 7. The school calendar was also changed so instead of the school year
from June to March, it was changed to July to April.
The government made some changes in the system of education in February, 1942. These changes were:
To stop depending on western countries like the U.S., and Great Britain. Promote and enrich the
Filipino culture.
To recognize that the Philippines is a part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere so
that the Philippines and Japan will have good relations.
To learn and adopt Nippongo and to stop using the English language.
errors in textbooks contents, and a lot more) that should be taken into imminent considerations because
of its impact on later years of our graduates employability competencies.
A relevant and flexible curriculum. Educational content is focused on the need of society which is
for sound economy. This means better knowledge in skills and food production, conservation of natural
resources, technical knowledge in harnessing mineral deposits and less emphasis on white collar jobs
which result only in producing the educated unemployed.
A quality teacher with effective methods of teaching. To teach effectively, the teacher must
have the solid foundations in terms of educational training from reputable institutions, update his
method of teaching by reading and attending conferences, and should have the courage of trying out
various means or ways of maximizing learner. To do this, it becomes necessary to understand the
psychology of pupils and to be able to communicate with them in teaching-learning situations.
Every time changes in our educational system occur to search for the solution for our educational
ills, some pressure groups interfere and say it is unrealistic and expensive, which is not a valid reason.
Courage and energy for action should be sustained to strengthen the lives of the citizenry.
Ever since schools have existed they have been heavily influenced by the law. These laws span
over hundreds of years, and have either been modified over time or changed because of the attitudes
and beliefs of society as a whole. It is surprising how many aspects of schooling are deeply affected by
the law, particularly the relationship between teachers and students. These aspects include:
Teaching Conditions: certifications, duties and powers, employment conditions, grounds for dismissal,
labor laws, and collective bargaining.
Physical Safety of Students: negligence, liability, and child abuse issues.
School attendance: compulsory attendance.
Maintaining Order: discipline, classroom management, suspension/expulsion.
Student Rights/Democratic Practice: freedom of speech, beliefs, participation in governance by
teachers and students.
Teaching Practices: subjects to be taught, curriculum, length of school year, treatment of exceptional
children, copyrights on educational materials
With so many aspects of schooling affected by the law, teachers must ensure that they are
proactive in minimizing the possibility of breaching any laws that stem from the aspects. The bottom
line is that we must know the law so we can stay out of trouble while still being able to provide a highly
creative and productive learning environment for students. Teachers must have the ability to anticipate
possible dangers and take steps to avoid them, and regulate school life in such a way that learning is
taking place while the rights of all are being respected.
Todays society is more controversial than ever, where people no longer hesitate to press charges
when they feel they have been wronged in one way or another. Lawsuits have become very common in
schools, where cases have been made against teachers, schools, and school boards. Cases have been
made and won because of various forms of negligence on the part of teachers.
Therefore, teachers need to be concerned about the safety of their students because they can be
sued and prosecuted if their responsibilities are neglected. If prosecuted, it is highly possible that a
teacher would lose his/her job. In regarding the physical safety of students, teachers should ask
themselves.
Salary scales of teachers shall provide for a gradual progression from a minimum to a maximum salary by
means of regular increments, granted automatically after three years. The salary scales of teachers, whose salaries
are appropriated by a city, municipal, municipal district, or provincial government, shall not be less than those provided
for teachers of the National Government.
TEACHERS ORGANIZATION
Freedom to Organize. Public school teachers shall have the right to freely and without previous authorization both to
establish and to join organizations of their choosing, whether local or national to further and defend their interests.
CASE STUDY
In the court case of Myers vs. Peel County Board of Education, 15 year old Myers received instruction on the rings and
was taught proper method and function of spotting in Grade 10. In grade 11 gymnastics course Myers was taught levels
I and II routines on the rings. On December 6, 1972, Myers and a group of other students received permission to go
an exercise room not visible from the gymnasium to practice their gymnastics, while the rest of the class remained in
the gymnasium. The Physical Education teacher remained in the gymnasium supervising the rest of the class while
Myers and the group of students went to the exercise room. After practicing the Myers dismounted from the rings
and his spotter moved away. Myers did not tell his spotter that he was mounting the rings again. After mounting the
rings again, Myers attempted a straddle dismount (a maneuver he had never attempted before), landing on his neck and
suffering spinal injuries leaving him a quadriplegic. The safety mats that were being used were two compressed slab
mats about two and one-half inches thick were used under the rings at the time of the accident, however, much thinker
crash mats were available.
Action was taken action the Peel Country Board of Education and the Physical Education instructor in the Ontario
Supreme Court, charging them with negligence. The finding of the court found that the defendants were 80 percent
negligent while the plaintiff was 20 percent negligent. The plaintiff was awarded $2 656.30 in special damages, $64
000.00 in general damages, and one-half of his court costs.
The decision was based upon the fact that the defendant was liable for failure to provide proper equipment and proper
supervision. The evidence showed that the crash mats for these inexperienced students was a necessary precaution.
Also, it was proven that there was an absence of supervision. It was noted the presence of the teacher might have
prevented this accident, and the court also agreed that if adequate matting had been provided and used the accident
would have been avoided.
The court used the six factors outlining the duty of care to come to their decision. The court ruled that a standard of
care was not met by the instructor, because of the particular activity was potentially dangerous and injury was
foreseeable. Also, the slab mats that were used were dangerous if a student happened to fall from the rings, rather
the student should have been to use the crash mats.